barington three axis magnetometer

8/12/2019 Barington Three Axis Magnetometer

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Operation Manual forMag-03 Three-Axis Magnetic Field Sensors

Innovation in Magnetic Measuring Instruments


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BARTINGTON INSTRUMENTS

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Table of Contents

1. Legal Notices 4

1.1. Copyright 4

1.2. Trademarks 4

2. How to Use this Manual 4

2.1. Symbols glossary 4

3. Safe Use 5

4. Introduction 5

5. General Description 5

6. Enclosures 6

7. Compatible Power Supply and Data Acquisition Units 6

8. Cables 6

9. Accessories 7

9.1. Mag-03 Calibration Unit 7

9.2. Mating Connectors 7

9.3. Mounting accessories 7

10. Mounting 8

10.1. Mag-03MC, Mag-03MCES, Mag-03MCT, Mag-03MCFL & Mag-03IE8

10.2. Mag-03MS and Mag-03MSES 8

10.3. Mag-03MSS 8

11. Operation 9

11.1. Connector Pin Allocation 9

11.2. Interface 9

11.3. Power Supplies 9

11.4. Signal/Power Ground 10

11.5. Cabling 11

11.6. Connecting Power 11

11.7. Electromagnetic Compatibility 11


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12. Performance 12

12.1. Frequency Response 12

12.2. Noise 12

12.3. Over Range 12

13. Signal Processing 13

14. Troubleshooting, Care and Maintenance 14

14.1. Troubleshooting 14

14.2. Care and Maintenance 14

15. Storage & Transport 14

16. Disposal 14

15.1. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations 14

Appendix 1: Mag03MSS-TC addendum 15

Appendix 2: Magnetic Units and Measurements 16

A1.1. Conventions 16

A1.2. Measurement Units 16

A1.3. Conversion Table 17

A1.4. Vector Measurements 17

Appendix 3: Figures 18


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1. Legal Notices

1.1. Copyright

The copyright of thisdocument is the property of Bartington Instruments Ltd.

1.2. Trademarks

Bartington is a trademark of Bartington Instruments Ltd in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the

European Community, India, Japan, the countries of the Madrid Agreement & Protocol, Norway

and the United States of America.

2. How to Use this Manual

This manual describes the installation, operation and maintenance of the Mag-03 range of three

axis magnetic field sensors.

Take the time to get well acquainted with your sensor by reading this manual. Knowing and

understanding the equipment will ensure you experience the most reliable operation.

When service or maintenance is required, please contact Bartington Instruments or your local

agent company.

Technical, mechanical, electrical, environmental and performance specifications for this product

can be found in the product brochureon the Bartington Instruments website.

2.1. Symbols glossary

The following symbols used within this manual call your attention to specific types of information:

WARNING:Indicates a situation in which serious bodily injury or death could result if thewarning is ignored.

Caution:Indicates a situation in which bodily injury or damage to your instrument, or both,

could result if the caution is ignored.

Identifies items that must be disposed of safely to prevent unnecessary damage to the

environment.

Note:Provides useful supporting information on how to make better use of your purchase.


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3. Safe Use

WARNING: These products are not qualified for use in explosive atmospheres or life support

systems. Consult Bartington Instruments for advice.

4. Introduction

These compact, high performance sensors with integral electronics provide measurements

of static and alternating magnetic fields in three axes. The sensors, also described as

magnetometers, convert magnetic flux density, measured in three axes, into a bipolar analogue

voltage. Analogue output voltages Vx, Vy and Vz vary linearly with magnetic flux density.

In designing the Mag-03 series, the policy has been to provide a high performance sensor havinga flat amplitude response and a small, predictable phase lag over a wide bandwidth. In order to

offer maximum flexibility and not degrade the performance, the sensor has no internal filters.

The analogue outputs may require external filters to optimise the performance, depending on the

application. See Section 13 on Signal Processing.

5. General Description

This section describes the features common to the Mag-03 range of sensors. Where there are

exceptions they are described in the product brochuredetailing the different types of enclosures.

Three fluxgate sensing elements are mounted orthogonally at one end of an enclosure, which also

contains the electronic circuitry. The connector is mounted at the opposite end of the enclosure.

The position and direction of each sensing element is shown on the outside of the sensor, together

with the product code, measuring range and serial number.

Details of the enclosures, mounting, connector dimensions, connector pin allocation and the

position of the sensing elements relative to the enclosure are given in outline drawings on

the product webpage. The sensor elements are precisely aligned along the centre lines of the

package.

The sensors provide three high precision analogue outputs, proportional to the magnetic field

along each axis. The relationship between the magnetic field and the analogue output is extremely

linear.

The low output impedance of the sensor ensures it can be operated over long cables and permits

it to be interfaced to low impedance data acquisition systems. The zero field offset error, scale

factor, orthogonality and frequency response are individually calibrated.


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6. Enclosures

The sensors are available in a variety of enclosures, with five measuring ranges. A full list of

sensors with specifications is provided in the brochure.

Note:Several of our enclosures are awarded IP (Ingress Protection) ratings as determined

by the IEC 60529 standard. These ratings are shown in brochure DS0013, available from

Bartington Instruments at www.bartington.com/mag-03.html. Users are advised to consult

this standard, available from the IEC website at www.iec.ch, for the precise definitions and

limitations of each IP rating.

Note: Using your sensor in an environment that exceeds its rating may result in the need for

repair at the customers expense.

7. Compatible Power Supply and Data Acquisition Units

A number of other Bartington Instruments products will work with the Mag-03 as power supply

and/or data acquisition units. These are listed with their specifications on the Bartington

Instruments website at http://www.bartington.com/data-acquisition-and-conditioning-units.html .

These include, but are not necessarily limited to:

the PSU1 Power Supply Unit

the DecaPSU

the Magmeter Power Supply and Display Unit

the Spectramag-6 Data Acquisition Unit

the SCU1 Signal Conditioning Unit

the Mag-03DAM Data Acquisition Module

the Decaport Analogue Interface module

the DAS1 Data Acquisition System.

8. Cables

Cables are available to connect the range of Mag-03 sensors to the range of suitable Bartington

Instruments power supply and data acquisition units. Specifications for each of the cables are

given in the product brochure.

Note: Cables must be ordered separately.


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Note: Customers manufacturing their own cables must ensure the cables are shielded to

prevent them picking up EM (electromagnetic) interference.

9. Accessories

9.1. Mag-03 Calibration Unit

The Mag-03MS-CU is a battery powered unit which produces a sinusoidal alternating magnetic

field of defined frequency and magnitude. The unit provides a reference magnetic field for

checking the calibration of the Mag-03MS sensors, which have a square enclosure. For calibration

checking of Mag-03MC and Mag-03IE sensors, adaptors are available .

A separate calibration unit, Mag-03MSS-CU, is available for the Mag-03MSS submersible sensors.

The units operate by passing a temperature stabilised, constant current through a single axis

Helmholtz coil, with guides to align each of the sensor axes in turn. More details are provided in

the product brochure.

9.2. Mating Connectors

All sensors, except for the Mag-03MSS, are supplied with a non-magnetic mating connector if no

cable for connection to a power supply or data acquisition module is purchased.

Note: The Mag-03MSS mating connector must be purchased separately.

9.3. Mounting accessories

Mounting options available are:

Mag-03MC-BR Mounting bracket, for use with the cylindrical range of sensors

Mag-03-T Tripod

Mag-03-TA tripod adaptor

Mag-03-MR Mounting rack

Mag-03-LP Levelling platform, for use with the tripod adaptor and mounting rack.

These are described further in the product brochure.

See also Section 10below.


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10. Mounting

The method of mounting will depend on the application and the enclosure. For details of the

mounting arrangements for each sensor, refer to the relevant outline drawing available on the

product page of the Bartington Instruments website.

Note: The use of magnetic materials in the mounting arrangement must be avoided. All

mounting components should be checked before installation by introducing the component

within the immediate vicinity of the sensing elements of a working magnetometer and

observing any variation in the background field.

The analogue output is positive for conventional flux direction, South to North, in the direction of

the arrow shown on the label for each axis; i.e. the maximum positive output will be obtained from

any axis when the arrow points towards magnetic north along the total field vector.

10.1. Mag-03MC, Mag-03MCES, Mag-03MCT, Mag-03MCFL & Mag-03IE

These sensors may be supported by the Mag-03-TA tripod adaptor and the Mag-03MC-BR

mounting bracket. The bracket (see Figure 1) clamps around the cylindrical enclosure. In the

case of the Mag-03IE family it clamps around the body of the sensor, not the sensor heads.

The bracket is manufactured from reinforced epoxy resin and supplied complete with nylon

mounting screws.

Note: The label area of the sensor is recessed and should not be used for clamping.

10.2. Mag-03MS and Mag-03MSES

These sensors may be supported by the Mag-03-TA tripod adaptor. These sensors have threaded

holes tapped in the base which is also the datum face. The sensors can be mounted on any flat,

non-magnetic surface, including the top of the mounting bracket described in Section 9.2, using

the two brass screws supplied. A thin gasket or a suitable sealant should be used to seal the base

of the units against water penetration.

Caution: The absolute maximum screw penetration depth within the body is 16 mm and this

must not be exceeded.

10.3. Mag-03MSS

This sensor may be supported by the Mag-03-TA tripod adaptor. The Mag-03MSS has a square

section pressure housing with three mounting holes, 4 mm in diameter, drilled through the body

and counterbored for cheesehead screws. Screws are not provided due to the variable nature of

the environmental service conditions which may be encountered.


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11. Operation

11.1. Connector Pin Allocation

The connector pin or cable colour allocation for the connection to each package type is shown on

the appropriate outline drawing available on the product page.

11.2. Interface

A simplified interface schematic for the Mag-03 series is shown in Figure 2. The analogue outputs

for the X, Y and Z axes are buffered to give a low output impedance, enabling the unit to be

operated over long cables and interfaced to low impedance data acquisition systems.

11.3. Power Supplies

The normal power supply of the sensors is between 12V and 17V. The ideal power supply units

are those referenced in Section 7. Alternatively, users may wish to provide their own supply. This

would normally provide 12V and, for the lowest noise applications, ripple in the power supply

should be in the region of a few mV.

Note: adequate performance of the sensor cannot be guaranteed if used with non-

Bartington Instruments products.

The nominal current requirements are +35mA and -6mA for the standard and basic versions

and +26mA and -6mA for the low noise versions with an additional current in proportion to the

measured field. The additional current is 1.4mA per 100mT per axis and will be drawn from the

positive or negative supply depending on the direction of the field.

In the temperature range -40C to +70C, and with an external load of 10k, the maximum output

voltage will be less than the supply voltage by the value given in Table 1 below. All parameters,

other than the output voltage range, remain unaffected for supply voltage (Vs

) changes in the

range from 8 to 15V.

Nominal range (T) 100 250 500 1000

Output swing Vs- 0.5 V

s- 0.7 V

s- 0.8 V

s- 1.0

Table 1. Typical output voltage swing

The current drain is independent of the power supply voltage and the unit will operate with supply

voltages down to 8V. For a unit with a full scale range of 100mT the output voltage for each axisis 0.1V/mT of the field in the direction of that axis. As the output voltage swing is limited to slightly


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less than the supply voltage, for a supply of 8V the output will operate normally with any output

between +7.3V and -7.3V representing a field of 0.73 of the full scale value in each direction. The

scaling factor and linearity will remain at the normal value up to this saturation point. The output

will remain at the saturation level if the field is increased beyond this point. Asymmetric supplies

may be used provided that the minimum and maximum voltages are not exceeded for either

polarity.

11.4. Signal/Power Ground

Note: The two signal/power ground conductors are connected to a common point within the

sensor and the power supply common (power 0 V) should be connected to only one of them.

The other signal/power ground conductor should be used as the signal output common (0V).

Each signal is then measured between the signal output conductor and the signal output

common. In this way, the signal output common carries no power supply currents.

The minimum current in the power ground conductor is approximately 19mA. On long cables, this

will give rise to an appreciable potential difference between the power supply end and the sensor

end of the power ground conductor. The use of separate power and signal ground conductors will

ensure that this voltage is not included in the voltage measured between the signal output and the

signal common.

Figure 3displays the voltages between sensor and power supply. In order to ensure that the

power supply return current does not affect the analogue measurements in any way, the followingprecautions should be observed:

A. A signal common line, separate from the power common line, should be connected between the

Mag-03 magnetic field sensor and any measurement or data acquisition system.

B. If the signal ground line is to constitute a system ground point then a fully floating power

supply must be employed, e.g. a pair of batteries or a fully isolated power supply. A number of

commercially available dc to dc converters fulfil the voltage isolation requirement adequately.

For this arrangement, only single ended analogue inputs to the data acquisition system are

required for the three axes.

C. If the power supply is to constitute a system ground point then the data acquisition analogue

inputs must be of the differential type. Each differential input can then be connected between

the remote end of the signal common line and the individual analogue outputs.

D. The above considerations also apply if more than one Mag-03 sensor is used.

E. Any data acquisition system analogue inputs should ideally have a very high input impedance,

but satisfactory performance can be obtained with impedances down to 50kW. Impedances

below this should be avoided, particularly where very long cables are used.

F. When using the low noise unit, to obtain optimum performance, additional care should be

exercised to avoid ground currents in the signal leads.


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When using a compatible power supply unit from Bartington Instruments as described in Section

7, the above requirements will be met without further consideration by the user.

11.5. Cabling

Note: The connecting cable to the sensor should be an eight-core screened cable. Two cores

will be used for positive and negative power supply lines, three cores for output signals, one

core for signal common and one for power supply ground. The screen should be connected

to supply ground at the supply end only. The capacitance between cores should be less than

200pF per metre. A cable with individually shielded cores should be considered for long

cable applications.

Note: on flying lead versions, leads are susceptible to EM interference and should be

screened wherever possible. This may also apply to the leads between the electronics andsensor head for the Mag-03MCTP, Mag-03MCUP, Mag-03IE, Mag-03IEv1, Mag-03IEv2 and

Mag-03IEHV sensors.

Note: The length of the cable is limited by the voltage drop in the power supply lines and the

capacitance between the cores. For this reason it is recommended that the cable is limited

to a maximum length of 600 metres.

Bartington Instruments can supply cables for connection of the sensor to a compatible power

supply unit from Bartington Instruments, as described in Section 7. If no cable is ordered with the

sensor then a mating connector is provided.

11.6. Connecting Power

Caution:Check that the polarity of the supply is correct. Using the power supply provided

by Bartington Instruments will guarantee that the polarity is correct, as it is impossible to

connect the wrong way round.

The power supply should be connected to the sensor before the supply is energised, as this

prevents high surge currents which could cause damage. Apply the positive and negative supplies

simultaneously and avoid leaving the sensor connected to one polarity only.

11.7. Electromagnetic Compatibility

Except for the Mag-03MCT, the Mag-03 range of sensors are not shielded for immunity from, or

emission of, electromagnetic fields. Any shield placed around the sensor will limit the bandwidth

of the sensor response. The emissions generated are at a low level with a primary frequency of

15.625kHz, this being the frequency of the energising field of the sensor. The sensor is required to

respond to magnetic fields within the specified frequency band.


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Note: The user should ensure that the sensor is not operated in areas where a high

electromagnetic field exists, even if the frequency is above the bandwidth of the sensor,

as false information may appear due to aliasing. This effect is seen in data acquisition

systems when the frequency of sampling is lower than the frequency of the signal which is

being sampled. It may produce apparent signals at lower frequencies than the noise, which

may be within the frequency band of the sensor. Similarly, the user should not place the

sensor near to any equipment which may be affected by the fields produced by the sensor

excitation.

12. Performance

12.1. Frequency Response

The typical amplitude and phase response for the Mag-03 range of sensors is shown in Figure 4.

The sensors provide a bandwidth of 3kHz with a flat response from DC to 1kHz.

12.2. Noise

A typical noise plot for the standard version is shown in Figure 5and for the low noise version in

Figure 6.

The output signal for each axis will also contain signals at the power line frequency, other

interference and the excitation frequency of 15.625kHz. For many measurements these

components will be outside the response of the readout or recording system. For applications

where low field levels or measurements of the highest resolution are required it will be necessary

to provide a filter to select only the frequency bands of interest.

12.3. Over Range

Sensors are available with ranges from 70T, which corresponds to the maximum value of the

Earths magnetic field, to 1000T. As the field in any axis approaches the full scale value, the

output will rise in proportion until it reaches a value of approximately 1V less than the relevant

supply line. The output will then saturate and remain at this level regardless of any further rise in

the field. Very high fields in the hundreds of mT should be avoided as they may give rise to a few

nT shift in offset, measured at zero field.


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13. Signal Processing

All Bartington Instruments power supply and data acquisition products feature a degree of

signal processing, though the most comprehensive processing is provided by the SCU1 signal

conditioning unit.

For different applications, it may be necessary to process the signal from the sensor in different

ways.

A. In order to increase the sensitivity of the recording system, it may be necessary to back-off the

Earths field and amplify only the changes in the field from the current value. This requires a

high-pass filter, which could be a simple capacitively coupled arrangement, or a multi-pole

filter to provide a steep frequency roll off characteristic. These features are all present in the

SCU1 signal conditioning unit.

B. To monitor small signals within the bandwidth of the sensor, it may be necessary to remove

the higher frequency noise which is outside the band of frequencies of interest. It may also

be necessary, when using sampling data acquisition systems, to provide an anti-alias filter to

prevent the appearance of apparent lower frequency components in the recorded signals, due

to undersampling of the high frequency components. The filter should be a low-pass type, with

the top of the pass band as far below the sampling frequency as practical for the application.

Note: Bartington Instruments data acquisition systems are already equipped with an anti-

aliasing filter. Users of other systems should consult the relevant manufacturers.

C. In applications such as surveillance and magnetic signature monitoring, it may be required

to remove both the DC standing field and all AC noise and pick-up above a set frequency. The

band of interest will be, say, 0.01 to 10Hz, and a band pass filter can be used to provide the

required signal.

The output from all fluxgate sensors includes a low level of the excitation frequency. For the

Mag-03 range this noise is at 15.625kHz, which is well above the bandwidth of the sensors. It

is particularly important to attenuate the breakthrough before digitising the signal to prevent

aliasing. This can generate spurious signals or noise in the wanted frequency band (03kHz) byintermodulation between excitation and data sampling frequencies.

The SCU1 signal conditioning unit provides filters with independent control of the low and high

pass filter sections, together with offset and gain control for the output of each axis. The PSU1,

Magmeter, Spectramag-6 and Mag-03DAM all contain a single low pass and high pass filter.


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14. Troubleshooting, Care and Maintenance

14.1. Troubleshooting

Special equipment is required for the diagnosis of faults within the unit. Much of this equipment is

beyond the scope of normal service facilities. Therefore, in the event of any apparent malfunction,

please email [email protected] telephone the Bartington Instruments service team

on +44 (0)1993 706565. Attempted repair or opening of the casing by users may invalidate the

warranty.

A re-calibration service is available which is traceable to international standards.

14.2. Care and Maintenance

Note: Surface or dirt contamination should be removed using a mild detergent solution only.

If the connector pins become contaminated then they should be lightly cleaned with a swab

of isopropyl alcohol.

15. Storage & Transport

Your sensor is a precision electronic instrument and should be treated as such.

Note: Avoid exposing this intrument to shocks or continuous vibration.

Note: Store only within the temperature range specified in the product brochure.

Note: Do not expose this instrument to strong magnetic fields while being stored.

16. Disposal

This product should not be disposed of in domestic or municipal waste. For information about

disposing of your sensor safely, check local regulations for disposal of electrical / electronic

products.

15.1. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations

Bartington Instruments Mag-03 sensors comply fully with Restriction of the Use of

Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) and WEEE

Regulations current at the time of printing.


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Appendix 1: Mag03MSS-TC addendum

-TC versions of Mag-03 MSS feature a test coil which applies a magnetic field to all axes when

activated. The corresponding changes in X, Y and Z output voltages confirm that all axes of the

sensor are operational.

Variations from the standard Mag-03 MSS are as follows.

1. Connector is a 9-way type IE-XSJ-9-BCR with pin 8 used as the TEST ENABLE pin. See

drawing DR3000available on the Bartington Instruments website.

2. Cable features a 9-way IE-XSJ-9-CCP connector at sensor end: see drawing DR2982. A version

can be supplied with a Hirose RM15TPD10S connector at the user end: see drawing DR2980.

3. TEST ENABLE is activated by connecting pin 8 of IE-XSJ-9-BCR connector to PG (pin 4).


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Appendix 2: Magnetic Units and Measurements

A1.1. Conventions

The Mag-03 analogue output is positive for conventional flux direction South to North in the

direction of the arrow given for each axis. The measurement axes are designated X, Y and Z in the

Cartesian co-ordinate system, when viewed from the top or non-connector end of the sensor.

A1.2. Measurement Units

Magnetic flux density = B

Magnetic field strength = H

SI (Systme Internationale) is the preferred system of measurement in this manual. However,

measurements are still frequently expressed in units based on the CGS (centimetregram

second) system. For clarity the following relationships may be useful. SI units are shown below

with their CGS numerical (but not dimensional) equivalents.

SI = CGS

B Wbm-2(Weber per metre2) 104G (Gauss)

or T (Tesla)

H Am-1(Amperes per metre) 4px 10-3(Oe)

The fundamental equation describing the relationship between H, B and the permeability of free

space m0is:

B = m0H

It will be seen that the term 4poccurs in the CGS units shown above. The SI units, however, are

rationalised indirectly by incorporating this term in m0. Thus in the SI system:

m0= 4px 10-7Hm-1(Henries per metre).

Example: For free space If H = 80 Am-1

Then B = 4px 10-7x 80 1 x 10-4T

Tesla is the preferred unit for flux density in the SI system. A magnetic field sensor can only be

said to measure flux density.


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A1.3. Conversion Table

The most common conversion performed will be from Tesla to Gauss, and vice-versa. The

following table may be helpful.

SI CGS CGS SI

1 Tesla 10 kGauss 1 kGauss 100 mTesla

1 mT 10 G 1 G 100 mT

1 mT 10 mG 1 mG 100 nT

1 nT 10 mG 1 mG 100 pT

Table 2. Conversion of SI and CGS Units

A1.4. Vector Measurements

Each axis produces an analogue output Va in response to flux density B in the relationship:

Va = B cos q

where qis the angle between the flux direction and the direction of the individual sensing element.

The scalar value of a magnetic field may be computed from the individual X, Y and Z vector

components, using the RSS (Root of Sum of the Squares) where:

B = (Vx2+ Vy2+ Vz2)

Note: there will be a small error in the result of the calculation of the total field, due to the

small error in the orthogonality between the sensing elements. This will be particularly

noticeable when the total field is computed from the values measured with several

orientations of the sensor. The sensor is extremely sensitive in the measurement of small

variations in the total field, provided that the orientation is constant, i.e. the detector is

stationary. The sensor is therefore limited in applications requiring total field measurement

while moving, as in a towed ferrous metal detector, by the orthogonality error within the

specified tolerance.


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Appendix 3: Figures

Figure 1 Mag-03MC-BR mounting bracket

18

18

40

55

40

55

All dimensions mm

6 x screwsM5 x 25 long nylon


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Figure 2 Mag-03 interface schematic

Figure 3 Mag-03 electrical schematic

47F(20V)

I-

0.1F

Vx Vy Vz

47F(20V)

I+

0.1F

OUTPUT

-12V SUPPLY

POWERGROUND

SIGNALGROUND

+12V SUPPLY

X OUT

Y OUT

Z OUT

CONNECTOR

*

*

* Schottky diode protects against 30V reverse polarity

(Typical values)10R

10R

10R

SENSOR

+V

0V

-V

signal common

30mA

19mA

11mA

1, 2, 3

no current 4

5

7

POWER SUPPLY(e.g. PSU)

6 +V supply

>50k

supply common (0V)

-V supply

high impedence

buffer

cable resistance


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Figure 4 Mag-03 Typical frequency dependent amplitude & phase response

AMPLITUDE

(V RMS)

(FULL POWER)

7

6

-3dB

4

3

2

1

1

1002 3 4 5 6 7 8910

1012 3 4 5 6 7 8910

1022 3 4 5 6 7 8910

1032 3 4 5 6 7 8910

FREQUENCY Hz

MAXIMUM RIPPLE +5%

PHASE LAG

AMPLITUDE

PHASE LAG

(DEGREES)

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

-140

-160

-180

-200


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Figure 5 Mag-03 noise plot standard version

Figure 6 Mag-03 noise plot low noise version


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B ti t I t t Li it d T 44 (0)1993 706565 Th cific ti f th r d ct d crib d i thi br ch r

OM1004/26

barington three axis magnetometer

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