barcharts periodic table adv

NOBLE GASES

1 H 1.008Hydrogen

1s1

Oxidation States Electroneg.

1 2.2Atomic Radius Ionic Radius

37 –Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.

0.75 13.60

3 Li 6.94Lithium

1s22s1



152 (+1)76Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.

0.62 5.39

4 Be 9.01Beryllium

1s22s2




Unstable Anion 9.32

12 Mg24.31Magnesium

[Ne]3s2




Unstable Anion 7.65

21 Sc 44.96Scandium[Ar]3d14s2




0.19 6.56

39 Y 88.91Yttrium

[Kr]4d15s2




0.31 6.22

57 La 138.9Lanthanum

[Xe]5d16s2




0.5 5.77

89 Ac 227Actinium[Rn]6d17s2



188 (+3) -Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.

– 5.17

104 Rf 261Rutherfordium[Rn]5f146d27s2

disc.1964

105Db 262Dubnium

[Rn]5f146d37s2

disc.1967

58 Ce 140.1Cerium

[Xe]4f15d16s2


3,4 1.12Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


– 5.54

59 Pr 140.9Praseodymium

[Xe]4f36s2




– 5.46

60 Nd 144.2Neodymium

[Xe]4f46s2




– 5.53

61 Pm 145Promethium

[Xe]4f56s2


3 –Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


– 5.55

62 Sm150.4Samarium[Xe]4f66s2




– 5.64

63 Eu 152.0Europium[Xe]4f76s2


3,2 –Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


– 5.67

64 Gd157.3Gadolinium[Xe]4f75d16s2




– 6.15

65 Tb 158.9Terbium[Xe]4f96s2




– 5.86

66 Dy 162.5Dysprosium

[Xe]4f106s2




– 5.94

67 Ho 164.9Holmium[Xe]4f116s2




– 6.02

68 Er 167.3Erbium

[Xe]4f126s2




– 6.11

69 Tm168.9Thulium[Xe]4f136s2




– 6.18

70 Yb 173.0Ytterbium[Xe]4f146s2




– 6.25

71 Lu 175.0Lutetium

[Xe]4f145d16s2




– 5.43

90 Th 232.0Thorium[Rn]6d27s2




– 6.08

91 Pa 231.0Protactinium[Rn]5f26d17s2




– 5.89

92 U 238.0Uranium

[Rn]5f36d17s2


6,5,4,3 1.7Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


– 6.19

93 Np 237Neptunium[Rn]5f46d17s2



– (+5)75Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.

– 6.27

94 Pu 244Plutonium[Rn]5f67s2




– 6.06

95 Am 243Americium[Rn]5f77s2


6,5,4,3 –Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


– 5.99

96 Cm 247Curium

[Rn]5f76d17s2




– 6.02

97 Bk 247Berkelium[Rn]5f97s2




– 6.23

98 Cf 251Californium

[Rn]5f107s2




– 6.30

99 Es 252Einsteinium

[Rn]5f117s2



– –Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.

– 6.42

100Fm 257Fermium[Rn]5f127s2




– 6.50

101Md 258Mendelevium

[Rn]5f137s2




– 6.58

102 No 259Nobelium[Rn]5f147s2




– 6.65

103 Lr 262Lawrencium[Rn]5f146d17s2




– –

106 Sg 266Seaborgium[Rn]5f146d47s2

disc.1974

107Bh 264Bohrium

[Rn]5f146d57s2

disc.1981

108 Hs 269Hassium

[Rn]5f146d67s2

disc.1984

109 Mt 268Meitnerium[Rn]5f146d77s2

disc.1982

110 Ds 281Darmstadtium[Rn]5f146d97s1

Darmstats, Germany

111 Uuu 272Unununium

disc.1994Darmstats, Germany

112 Uub 277Ununbium

disc.1996Darmstats, Germany

113 Uut 284Ununtrium

disc.2004Dubna, Russia

114 Uuq 289Ununquadium


115 Uup 288Ununpentium


116 ? ?Notdiscovered

- -


--


- -

72 Hf 178.5Hafnium

[Xe]4f145d26s2




~0 6.83

73 Ta 180.9Tantalum

[Xe]4f145d36s2




0.32 7.89

74 W 183.8Tungsten

[Xe]4f145d46s2


6,5,4,3,2 1.7Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


0.86 7.98

75 Re 186.2Rhenium

[Xe]4f145d56s2


7,6,4,2,-1 1.9Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


0.15 7.88

76 Os 190.2Osmium

[Xe]4f145d66s2




1.10 8.7

77 Ir 192.2Iridium

[Xe]4f145d76s2




1.57 9.1

78 Pt 195.1Platinum

[Xe]4f145d96s1




2.13 9.0

79 Au 197.0Gold

[Xe]4f145d106s1




2.31 9.23

80 Hg 200.6Mercury

[Xe]4f145d106s2




Unstable Anion 10.44

81 Tl 204.4Thallium

[Xe]4f145d106s2p1




0.2 6.11

82 Pb 207.2Lead

[Xe]4f145d106s2p2




0.36 7.42

83 Bi 209.0Bismuth

[Xe]4f145d106s2p3




0.95 7.29

84 Po 209Polonium

[Xe]4f145d106s2p4



118 (+4)–Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.

1.9 8.42

40 Zr 91.22Zirconium[Kr]4d25s2




0.43 6.63

41 Nb 92.91Niobium[Kr]4d45s1




0.90 6.76

42 Mo95.94Molybdenum

[Kr]4d55s1




0.75 7.09

43 Tc 98Technetium

[Kr]4d55s2




0.55 7.28

44 Ru 101.1Ruthenium

[Kr]4d75s1




1.05 7.36

45 Rh 102.9Rhodium[Kr]4d85s1


2,3,4 2.28Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


1.14 7.46

46 Pd 106.4Palladium

[Kr]4d10




0.56 8.34

47 Ag 107.9Silver

[Kr]4d105s1




1.30 7.58

48 Cd 112.4Cadmium[Kr]4d105s2




Unstable Anion 8.99

49 In 114.8Indium

[Kr]4d105s2p1




0.30 5.79

50 Sn 118.7Tin

[Kr]4d105s2p2




1.11 7.34

22 Ti 47.87Titanium[Ar]3d24s2




0.08 6.83

23 V 50.94Vanadium[Ar]3d34s2


5.3 1.63Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


0.53 6.75

24 Cr 52.00Chromium[Ar]3d54s1




0.67 6.77

25 Mn54.94Manganese

[Ar]3d54s2




Unstable Anion 7.43

26 Fe 55.85Iron

[Ar]3d64s2




0.151 7.90

27 Co 58.93Cobalt

[Ar]3d74s2




0.66 7.88

28 Ni 58.69Nickel

[Ar]3d84s2




1.16 7.64

29 Cu 63.55Copper

[Ar]3d104s1




1.24 7.73

30 Zn 65.39Zinc

[Ar]3d104s2




Unstable Anion 9.39

31 Ga 69.72Gallium

[Ar]3d104s2p1




0.3 5.10

13 Al 26.98Aluminum

[Ne]3s2p1




0.44 5.99

5 B 10.81Boron1s22s2p1




0.28 8.30

6 C 12.01Carbon1s22s2p2




1.26 11.26

7 N 14.01Nitrogen1s22s2p3





8 O 16.00Oxygen1s22s2p4


-2 3.44Atomic Radius Ionic Radius

74 (-2)140Electron Affinity 1st Ion. Pot.

1.46 13.62

9 F 19.00Fluorine1s22s2p5


-1 3.98Atomic Radius Ionic Radius


3.40 17.42

10 Ne 20.18Neon

1s22s2p6


– –Atomic Radius Ionic Radius



2 He 4.003Helium

1s2





14 Si 28.09Silicon

[Ne]3s2p2




1.39 8.15

15 P 30.97Phosphorus

[Ne]3s2p3




0.75 10.49

33 As 74.92Arsenic

[Ar]3d104s2p3




0.81 9.81

52 Te 127.6Tellurium

[Kr]4d105s2p4




1.97 9.01

85 At 210Astatine

[Xe]4f145d106s2p5




2.8 -

20 Ca 40.08Calcium

[Ar]4s2




0.04 6.11

38 Sr 87.62Strontium

[Kr]5s2




0.11 5.70

56 Ba 137.3Barium[Xe]6s2




0.15 5.21

88 Ra 226Radium[Rn]7s2




– 5.28

11 Na 22.99Sodium[Ne]3s1




0.55 5.14

19 K 39.10Potassium

[Ar]4s1




0.50 4.34

37 Rb 85.47Rubidium

[Kr]5s1




0.49 4.18

55 Cs132.9Cesium[Xe]6s1




0.47 3.89

87 Fr 223Francium

[Rn]7s1




0.46 –

+–

34 Se 78.96Selenium

[Ar]3d104s2p4




2.02 9.75

+–

35 Br 79.90Bromine

[Ar]3d104s2p5




3.36 11.81

+–

36 Kr 83.80Krypton

[Ar]3d104s2p6





+–

+–

16 S 32.07Sulfur

[Ne]3s2p4




2.08 10.36

+–

17 Cl 35.45Chlorine[Ne]3s2p5




3.61 12.97

+–

18 Ar 39.95Argon

[Ne]3s2p6





+–

53 I 126.9Iodine

[Kr]4d105s2p5




3.06 10.45

+–

54 Xe 131.3Xenon

[Kr]4d105s2p6


– 2.60Atomic Radius Ionic Radius



+–

86 Rn 222Radon

[Xe]4f145d106s2p6





51 Sb 121.8Antimony

[Kr]4d105s2p3




1.07 8.64

+–

32 Ge 72.61Germanium[Ar]3d104s2p2




1.23 7.90

ALKALI METALS

AC

TIN

IDE

SE

RIE

SL

AN

TH

AN

IDE

SE

RIE

S

Atomic Number: number of protons

Atomic Weight: weighted average of atomic masses of natural isotopes- mass number of the most stable isotope for each radioactive element

BarCharts, Inc.® WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 1210

13 14 15 16 17

18

ALKALINE EARTHMETALS

HALOGENS

Electronegativity:Pauling scale; measures ability of atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond

Atomic Radius:given in “pm”; 1 pm = 1x10-12m

Ionic Radius:given in “pm”; 1 pm = 1x10-12m

Electron Affinity:energy released in the formation of an anion: given in “eV”

1st Ionization Potential:energy required to remove one electron,forming a cation; given in “eV”

$4.95 U.S. / $7.50 CANREFERENCE: CRC Handbook of Chemistryand Physics • 81st edition, 2000-2001CONTENT ADVISOR: Mark Jackson, PhDChemistry Professor - Florida Atlantic UniversityDESIGN / LAYOUT: John Ford, CEO -

Customer Hotline # 1.800.230.9522March 2005

ISBN 142320003-9

visit us at quickstudy.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publica-tion may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform, or by any means, electronic or mechan-ical, including photocopy, recording, or anyinformation storage and retrieval system,without written permission from the publisher.©2002, 2005 BarCharts, Inc.

H2gas

Libcc

Behex

Mghex

Cafcc

Schex

Tihex

Vbcc

Crbcc

Mnbcc

Febcc

Cohex

Nifcc

Cufcc

Znhex

Gaortho

Gefcc

Asrhom

Sehex

Br2liquid

Krgas

Alfcc

Sifcc

Pcubic

Sortho

Cl2gas

Argas

Brhom

Chex

N2gas

O2gas

F2gas

Negas

Hegas

Yhex

Zrhex

Nbbcc

Mobcc

Tchex

Ruhex

Rhfcc

Pdfcc

Agfcc

Cdhex

Intetra

Sntetra

Sbrhom

Tehex

I2ortho

Xegas

Lahex

Hfhex

Tabcc

Wbcc

Rehex

Oshex

Irfcc

Ptfcc

Aufcc

Hgliquid

Tlhex

Pbfcc

Birhom

Pocubic

At–

Rngas

Cefcc

Prhex

Ndhex

Pmhex

Smrhom

Eubcc

Gdhex

Tbhex

Dyhex

Hohex

Erhex

Tmhex

Ybfcc

Luhex

Thfcc

Patetra

Uortho

Nportho

Pumono

Amhex

Cmhex

Bkhex

Cfhex

Eshex

Fm–

Md–

No–

Lr–

Srfcc

Babcc

Rabcc

Acfcc

Nabcc

Kbcc

Rbbcc

Csbcc

Fr–

H2.089*

Li0.53

Be1.85

Mg1.74

Ca1.54

Sc2.99

Ti4.51

V6.0

Cr7.15

Mn7.3

Fe7.87

Co8.86

Ni8.90

Cu8.96

Zn7.14

Ga5.91

Ge5.32

As5.72

Se4.80

Br23.12

Kr*3.73

Al2.70

Si2.33

P1.82

S2.07

Cl2*3.21

Ar*1.78

B2.34

C2.26

N2*1.25

O2*1.43

F2*1.70

Ne*.90

He*.179

Y4.47

Zr6.52

Nb8.57

Mo10.2

Tc11

Ru12.1

Rh12.4

Pd12.0

Ag10.5

Cd8.69

In7.31

Sn7.26

Sb6.68

Te6.24

I24.92

Xe*5.89

La6.15

Hf13.3

Ta16.4

W19.3

Re20.8

Os22.6

Ir22.5

Pt21.5

Au19.3

Hg13.53

Tl11.8

Pb11.3

Bi9.79

Po9.2

At–

Rn*9.73

Ce6.77

Pr6.77

Nd7.01

Pm7.26

Sm7.52

Eu5.24

Gd7.90

Tb8.23

Dy8.55

Ho8.80

Er9.07

Tm9.32

Yb6.90

Lu9.84

Th11.7

Pa15.4

U19.1

Np20.2

Pu19.7

Am13.6

Cm13.5

Bk14.8

Cf–

Es–

Fm–

Md–

No–

Lr–

Sr2.64

Ba3.62

Ra5.0

Ac10.0

Na0.97

K0.89

Rb1.53

Cs1.93

Fr–

H2-253

Li1342

Be2471

Mg1090

Ca1484

Sc2836

Ti3287

V3407

Cr2671

Mn2061

Fe2861

Co2927

Ni2913

Cu2562

Zn907

Ga2204

Ge2833

As603sp

Se685

Br259

Kr-153

Al2519

Si3265

P280

S445

Cl2-34

Ar-186

B4000

C3825sp

N2-196

O2-183

F2-188

Ne-246

He-269

Y3345

Zr4409

Nb4744

Mo4639

Tc4265

Ru4150

Rh3695

Pd2963

Ag2162

Cd767

In2072

Sn2602

Sb1587

Te988

I2184

Xe-108

La3464

Hf4603

Ta5458

W5555

Re5596

Os5012

Ir4428

Pt3825

Au2856

Hg357

Tl1473

Pb1749

Bi1564

Po962

At–

Rn-62

Ce3443

Pr3520

Nd3074

Pm3000

Sm1794

Eu1529

Gd3273

Tb3230

Dy2567

Ho2700

Er2868

Tm1950

Yb1196

Lu3402

Th4788

Pa–

U4131

Np–

Pu3228

Am2011

Cm3100

Bk–

Cf–

Es–

Fm–

Md–

No–

Lr–

Sr1382

Ba1897

Ra–

Ac3198

Na883

K759

Rb688

Cs671

Fr–

H2-259

Li181

Be1287

Mg650

Ca842

Sc1541

Ti1668

V1910

Cr1907

Mn1246

Fe1538

Co1495

Ni1455

Cu1085

Zn420

Ga30

Ge939

As817tp

Se221

Br2-7

Kr-157tp

Al660

Si1414

P44

S120

Cl2-102

Ar-189

B2075

C4492tp

N2-210

O2-219

F2-220tp

Ne-249

He–

Y1522

Zr1855

Nb2477

Mo2623

Tc2157

Ru2334

Rh1964

Pd1555

Ag962

Cd321

In157

Sn232

Sb631

Te450

I2114

Xe-112tp

La918

Hf2233

Ta3017

W3422

Re3186

Os3033

Ir2446

Pt1768

Au1064

Hg-39

Tl304

Pb328

Bi271

Po254

At302

Rn-71

Ce798

Pr931

Nd1021

Pm1042

Sm1074

Eu822

Gd1313

Tb1356

Dy1412

Ho1474

Er1529

Tm1545

Yb819

Lu1663

Th1750

Pa1572

U1135

Np644

Pu640

Am1176

Cm1345

Bk1050

Cf900

Es860

Fm1527

Md827

No827

Lr1627

Sr777

Ba727

Ra700

Ac1051

Na98

K64

Rb39

Cs28

Fr27

H20.002

Li0.85

Be2.00

Mg1.56

Ca2.01

Sc0.16

Ti0.22

V0.31

Cr0.94

Mn0.08

Fe0.80

Co1.00

Ni0.91

Cu4.01

Zn1.16

Ga0.41

Ge0.60

As0.50

Se0.02

Br20.001

Kr<0.001

Al2.37

Si1.49

P0.002

S0.003

Cl2<0.001

Ar<0.001

B0.27

C1.96

N2<0.001

O20.003

F2<0.001

Ne<0.001

He0.002

Y0.17

Zr0.23

Nb0.54

Mo1.38

Tc0.51

Ru1.17

Rh1.50

Pd0.72

Ag4.29

Cd0.97

In0.82

Sn0.67

Sb0.24

Te0.03

I20.004

Xe<0.001

La0.13

Hf0.23

Ta0.58

W1.74

Re0.48

Os0.88

Ir1.47

Pt0.72

Au3.17

Hg0.08

Tl0.46

Pb0.35

Bi0.08

Po0.20

At0.02

Rn<0.001

Ce0.11

Pr0.13

Nd0.17

Pm0.15

Sm0.13

Eu0.14

Gd0.10

Tb0.11

Dy0.11

Ho0.16

Er0.15

Tm0.17

Yb0.39

Lu0.16

Th0.54

Pa–

U0.28

Np0.06

Pu0.07

Am–

Cm–

Bk–

Cf–

Es–

Fm–

Md–

No–

Lr–

Sr0.35

Ba0.18

Ra–

Ac–

Na1.41

K1.03

Rb0.58

Cs0.36

Fr–

H1400

Li20

Be2.8

Mg23300

Ca41500

Sc22

Ti5650

V120

Cr102

Mn950

Fe56300

Co25

Ni84

Cu60

Zn70

Ga19

Ge1.5

As1.8

Se0.05

Br2.4

Kr<0.001

Al82300

Si282000

P1050

S350

Cl145

Ar3.5

B10

C200

N19

O461000

F585

Ne0.005

He0.008

Y33

Zr165

Nb20

Mo1.2

Tcsynthetic

Ru0.001

Rh0.001

Pd0.015

Ag0.075

Cd0.15

In0.25

Sn2.3

Sb0.2

Te0.001

I0.45

Xe<0.001

La39

Hf3

Ta2

W1.3

Re<0.001

Os0.002

Ir0.001

Pt0.005

Au0.004

Hg0.085

Tl0.85

Pb14

Bi0.009

Po<0.001

At<0.001

Rn<0.001

Ce66.5

Pr9.2

Nd41.5

Pm<0.001

Sm7.05

Eu2.0

Gd6.2

Tb1.2

Dy5.2

Ho1.3

Er3.5

Tm0.52

Yb3.2

Lu0.8

Th9.6

Pa<0.001

U2.7

Npsynthetic

Pusynthetic

Amsynthetic

Cmsynthetic

Bksynthetic

Cfsynthetic

Essynthetic

Fmsynthetic

Mdsynthetic

Nosynthetic

Lrsynthetic

Sr370

Ba425

Ra<0.001

Ac<0.001

Na23600

K20900

Rb90

Cs3

Fr<0.001

H20.90

Li134.7

Be308.8

Mg128.7

Ca150.0

Sc305.0

Ti429.0

V458.6

Cr348.8

Mn219.7

Fe351.0

Co382.4

Ni371.8

Cu304.6

Zn115.5

Ga254.0

Ge334.0

As31.9

Se95.48

Br229.96

Kr9.08

Al294.0

Si383.0

P12.40

S45.0

Cl220.41

Ar6.43

B480.0

C711.0

N25.57

O26.82

F26.62

Ne1.71

He0.08

Y393.0

Zr581.6

Nb696.6

Mo594.1

Tc585.0

Ru567.8

Rh495.4

Pd393.0

Ag255.1

Cd99.87

In226.4

Sn290.4

Sb67.9

Te114.1

I241.57

Xe12.57

La399.6

Hf661.1

Ta753.1

W799.1

Re707.1

Os627.6

Ir563.6

Pt510.5

Au324.0

Hg59.11

Tl162.1

Pb179.5

Bi151.0

Po101.0

At–

Rn18.1

Ce314.0

Pr333.0

Nd284.0

Pm–

Sm192.0

Eu176.0

Gd312.0

Tb391.0

Dy293.0

Ho251.0

Er293.0

Tm247.0

Yb159.0

Lu428.0

Th543.9

Pa481.0

U423.0

Np337.0

Pu344.0

Am–

Cm387.0

Bk310.0

Cf196.0

Es133.0

Fm–

Md–

No–

Lr–

Sr139.0

Ba140.0

Ra136.8

Ac418.0

Na89.04

K77.5

Rb69.2

Cs65.9

Fr–

H20.12

Li3.00

Be7.9

Mg8.48

Ca8.54

Sc14.10

Ti14.15

V21.5

Cr21.0

Mn12.91

Fe13.81

Co16.2

Ni17.48

Cu13.26

Zn7.32

Ga5.59

Ge36.94

As24.44

Se6.69

Br210.57

Kr1.64

Al10.71

Si50.21

P0.66

S1.72

Cl26.4

Ar1.18

B50.2

C117

N20.71

O20.44

F20.51

Ne0.33

He–

Y11.4

Zr21.0

Nb30.0

Mo37.48

Tc33.29

Ru38.59

Rh26.59

Pd16.74

Ag11.30

Cd6.19

In3.28

Sn7.03

Sb19.87

Te17.49

I215.52

Xe2.27

La6.20

Hf27.2

Ta36.57

W52.31

Re60.43

Os57.85

Ir41.12

Pt22.17

Au12.55

Hg2.29

Tl4.14

Pb4.77

Bi11.3

Po–

At–

Rn2.89

Ce5.46

Pr6.89

Nd7.14

Pm7.7

Sm8.62

Eu9.21

Gd10.0

Tb10.15

Dy11.06

Ho17.0

Er19.9

Tm16.84

Yb7.66

Lu22.0

Th13.81

Pa12.34

U9.14

Np3.20

Pu2.82

Am14.39

Cm15.0

Bk–

Cf–

Es–

Fm–

Md–

No–

Lr–

Sr7.43

Ba7.12

Ra7.15

Ac14.2

Na2.60

K2.33

Rb2.19

Cs2.09

Fr–

H214.30

Li3.58

Be1.83

Mg1.02

Ca0.65

Sc0.57

Ti0.52

V0.49

Cr0.45

Mn0.48

Fe0.45

Co0.42

Ni0.44

Cu0.39

Zn0.39

Ga0.37

Ge0.32

As0.33

Se0.32

Br20.23

Kr0.25

Al0.90

Si0.71

P0.77

S0.71

Cl20.48

Ar0.52

B1.03

C0.71

N21.04

O20.92

F20.82

Ne1.03

He5.19

Y0.30

Zr0.28

Nb0.27

Mo0.25

Tc–

Ru0.24

Rh0.24

Pd0.25

Ag0.24

Cd0.23

In0.23

Sn0.23

Sb0.21

Te0.20

I20.15

Xe0.16

La0.20

Hf0.14

Ta0.14

W0.13

Re0.14

Os0.13

Ir0.13

Pt0.13

Au0.13

Hg0.14

Tl0.13

Pb0.13

Bi0.12

Po–

At–

Rn0.09

Ce0.19

Pr0.19

Nd0.19

Pm–

Sm0.20

Eu0.18

Gd0.24

Tb0.18

Dy0.17

Ho0.17

Er0.17

Tm0.16

Yb0.16

Lu0.15

Th0.11

Pa–

U0.12

Np–

Pu–

Am–

Cm–

Bk–

Cf–

Es–

Fm–

Md–

No–

Lr–

Sr0.30

Ba0.20

Ra–

Ac0.12

Na1.23

K0.76

Rb0.36

Cs0.24

Fr–

NATURAL FORMsolid - for solid, most stable crystal form

liquidgas

mg of element per kg of crust

ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE IN THE EARTH’S CRUST

Solid, liquid: g/cm3 (20°C and 1atm)gas: g/liter (0°C and 1atm)

DENSITY

°C and 1atm; Liquid ↔ Gassp = sublimation point

BOILING POINT

°C and 1atm; Solid ↔ Liquidtp = triple point

MELTING POINT

W/(cm K) (at 25°C and 1atm, W = watt)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

kJ/moleLiquid ➜ Gas ∆Hvap at boiling point

ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION

kJ/moleSolid ➜ Liquid ∆Hfus at Melting point

ENTHALPY OF FUSION

J/(g K) (at 25°C and 1atm)

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

1 Alkali metals; compounds with M(1+) valencesCs Cesium Rb Rubidium K Potassium Na Sodium Li Lithium

E - Photoelectric cells E - Photoelectric cells C - Fertilizer, glass, lenses E - Street lights A - Nuclear reactor A - Lubricant additive, alloys used in spaceE - Atomic clocks, infrared lamps E - Vacuum tubes, heart research C - Matches, gunpowder, salt substitute coolant, batteries C - Salt, soda, glass C - Glass & pharmaceuticals

13 Metal; compounds and ligand complexes: M(1+...3+) Tl Thallium In Indium Ga Gallium Al Aluminum

E - Solar cells, mirrorsE - Thermometer filling A - Regulator in nuclear power E - Quartz thermometers E - Window frames, doorknobs, tubeC - Insecticides, infrared detectors C - Photo cells, transistors C - Computer memory, transistors laser E - Cable, foil, fireworks, flashbulbsC - Heart muscle research C - Blood and lung research C - Laser diodes, used to locate tumors A - Cars, rockets, planes

2 Alkaline earth metals; compounds with M(2+) valencesBa Barium Sr Strontium Ca Calcium Mg Magnesium Be Beryllium

A - Sparkplugs, vacuum tubes C - Nuclear batteries in bouys E - Metallurgy A- Cable insulation, batteries E - Flashbulbs A-Airplanes, racing bikes E - X-ray tube windowsC - Fireworks, flourescent lamps V - Fireworks, phosphorescent paint C - Fertilizer, concrete, plaster of Paris C - Fireplace bricks, pigments, fillers A - Watch springs, sparkfree tools

3 Metal; compounds and ligand complexes M(3+)

2La Lanthanum Y Yttrium Sc Scandium

C - Color TV screens, radar, lasers E - Leak detectors, A - Space industryC - Camera lenses, fireproof bricks materials C - Seed germinating agents

4 Metal; compounds: M(2+...4+); ligand complexes: M(1-,0,1+)Hf Hafnium Zr Zirconium Ti Titanium titanate TiO4(4-)

E - Nuclear submarines E - Nuclear fuel rods, catalytic convertersE - Controls nuclear reactors A - Percussion caps E - Heat exchanger A - Airplane motorsE - Gas scavenger in vacuum tubes C - Furnace bricks A - Bone pins C - Pigments for paint/paper

metatitanate TiO3(2-)

5 Metal; compounds: M(2+...5+); ligand complexes: M(1-,0,1+)Ta Tantalum Nb Niobium V Vanadium

E - CondensersA - Weights, cutting tools A - Cutting tools, pipelines E - Construction materials, toolsE - Vacuum tube filaments A - Super magnets, welding rods E - Springs, jet engines

vanadate VO4(3-)

6 Metal; compounds: M(2+...6+); ligand complexes: M(2-...1+)W Tungsten Mo Molybdenum Cr Chromium

E - Lamp filaments, TV, welding electrodes E - Plating for car partsA - Rocket nozzles E - Filament in electric heaters A - Tools, knives C - Camouflage paintC - Cutting & boring tools A - Rocket motors C - Lubricant C - Stereo, video tape, lasers

chromate CrO4(2-)dichromate Cr2O7(2-)

molybdate MoO3, MoO4(2-)dimolybdate Mo2O7(2-)Mo-cyanate Mo-CN8(4-)

tungstate WO4(2-)

7 Metal; compounds: M(1+...7+); ligand complexes: M(3-...1+)Re Rhenium Tc Technetium Mn Manganese

A - Oven filaments, electrodes, jewelry E - Radiation source for medical A - Tools, axles, steel for rail switchesA - Plating, thermocouples research C - Safes, plows, batteries

permanganate MnO4(1-)synthetictungstate WO4(2-)

8 Metal; compounds: M(1+...8+); ligand complexes: M(2-...1+)Os Osmium Ru Ruthenium Fe Iron

E - Eye treatment, thickness meters A - Fountain pen points, compass for egg shells A - Bikes,cars, bridges, magnets, machinesneedles, clock bearings, decorations A - Fountain pen point, electrical contacts C - Nails, tools, tin cans

Fe-cyanate Fe(CN)6(3-and4-)ferrate FeO4(2-)

9 Metal; compounds: M(2+...6+); ligand complexes: M(2-...1+)Ir Iridium Rh Rhodium Co Cobalt

E - Cancer irradiation E - Headlight reflectors, telephone A - Hypodermic needles, helicopter spark E - Relays, fountain pen points E -Gamma radiation A- Permanent magnet

plugs, standard one-meter bar A - Airplane spark plugs A - Razor blades C - Catalytic converter

cobaltate CoO4(4- 3-)Co-cyanate Co(CN)6 (3- and 4-)

rhenate ReO4(1-)

10 Metal; compounds: M(1+...6+); ligand complexes: M(1-,0,1+)Pt Platinum Pd Palladium Ni Nickel

E - Crucibles, nitric acid production E - Catalytic converters, hydrogen E - Coins A-Knives, forks, spoonsA - Dental crowns C - Anti-tumor agent seperation A - Dental crowns, tel. relays E - White gold C-Rechargeable batteries

11 Metal; compounds: M(1+...3+); ligand complexes: M(1-,0,1+)Au Gold Ag Silver Cu Copper

E - Precious metal A - Jewelry E - Mirror, batteries; A - Silverware E - Cable, wire A - Pennies, bells A - Electrical contacts, dental crowns C - Photograph film and paper A - Bronze sculpture, Statue of Liberty

12 Metal; compounds and ligand complexes: M(2+)Hg Mercury Cd Cadmium Zn Zinc

E - Barometers,thermometers, street E - Rechargeable batteries A- Nuclear E - Anti-corrosion coating, batteries lights A -Dental fillings C -Seed protection reactor regulator C -Red/yellow pigments A-Water/gas valves C - White rubber pigment

Hg2(2+)

B Boron metalloid

C - Tennis rackets, regulator in nuclear plants, heat resist-ant glass, eye disinfectant

14 Metal; compounds and ligand complexes: M(2+,4+) Pb Lead metal Sn Tin metal Ge Germanium metalloid Si Silicon metalloid

E - Radiation protectionA - Batteries, roof coverings, solders A - Cups, plates, coins, organ pipes E - Infrared prisms, reflector in projectors E - Microchips, solar cells C - ToolsA - Ammunition C - Gas additives C - Opalescent glass, enamel E - Wide angle lenses A - Dentistry C - Quartz, cement, glass, grease, oils

C Carbon

E - Pencils, diamonds, steel, controls nuclear reactionE - Tire colorantC - Plastics, life

15 Solid; compounds: M(3+,5+,3-) Bi Bismuth Sb Antimony As Arsenic P Phosphorus

E - Shotgun pelletsE - Catalyst in rubber production A - Metal for mirrorsA - Fuses, sprinklers A - Solder, bearings, lead batteries C - Glass, lasers E - Fireworks, matches C - PesticidesC - Glass, ceramics C - Mascara, infrared detectors C - Light-emmiting diodes=LED C - Fertilizer, detergents, toothpaste

N Nitrogen

E - Cryogenic surgery, liquid coolant, ammonia productionC - Rocket fuel

16 Solid; compounds: M(2+,4+,6+,2-) Po Polonium metal Te Tellurium metalloid Se Selenium S Sulfur solid

E - Vulcanization of rubber, percussionE - Nuclear batteries, neutron source caps, battery plate protector E - Light meters, copy machines, solar cells E - Matches, fireworks, batteries, vulcanization of rubberE - Antistatic agents, film cleaner A - Electric resistors C - Anti-dandruff shampoo C - Permanent wave lotion

O Oxygen o(2-,1-)

E - Combustion, steel productionE - Water purificationC - Sand, water, cement

17 Halogens, X2, compounds: M(1-), Halide (1-), Acid=HXAt Astinate metalloid I Iodine Br Bromine Cl Chlorine

E - Disinfectant, halogen lamps C - Photographic film, tear gas E - Water purificationE, A, C - Seldom found in nature C - Ink pigments, salt additive C - fire retardants, disinfectant C - Bleach, hydrochloric acid, PVC plastics, stain removers

F Fluorine

C - Toothpaste additives, teflonC - Uranium enrichmentC - Refrigerator coolants

18 Noble Gases; not reactive; unstable low temperature complexes Rn Radon Xe Xenon Kr Krypton Ar Argon Ne Neon He Helium

E- Earthquake prediction, health threat in E - UV lamps, sun lamps, electronic E - Flourescent bulbs, flashbulbs E - Light bulbs, gas discharge tubes lasers E - Neon lights, fog lamps, TV tubes E - Diving bell atmosphere, leak detectorshomes built on granite flashes, projection lamps, paint testers E - UV lasers, wavelength standard E - Geiger counters, welding blanket gas E - Lasers, voltage detectors E - Nuclear power plant coolant

B(2+,3+,3-)compounds: borates (BO4, BO3)tetraborates B4O7(2-), boranes, borides

C(2+,4+,4-) carbonate CO3(2-)bicarbonate HCO3(1-), acetate C2H3O2(1-)oxalate C2O4(2-), carbides (4-)

N(3-...5+); ammonium NH4(1+)cyanide CN(1-) nitrate NO3(1-)nitrite NO2(1-) nitride N(3-) oxides - NOxazide N3(1-) diimide N2(2-) amide NH2(1-)acid: nitric HNO3 nitrous HNO2

hydroxy stannate Sn(OH)6(-2) germanate GeO2(2-) GeO3(2-) silicates SiO4(-4) silanes (Si-hydrides) Si(4-) silicides silicicacid H4SiO4

arsenide (3-) phosphide (3-)phosphate (PO4(-3)phosphoric acid H3PO4

tellurate TeO4(2-) Selenides Se(2-)selenate SeO4(2)acids of SeOx

sulfide S(2-) sulfate SO4(2-) sulfite SO3(2-)thiosulfate S2O3(2-) thio...(S added or subst. for an O)acids: sulfuric H2SO4, sulfurous H2SO3

ozone O3 oxide (2-)peroxide O2(2-)hydroxide OH(1-)

acid: Hl, iodide(1-)iodate IO3(1-)periodate IO4(1-)

acid: HBrbromides Br(1-)bromate BrO3(1-)

chloride Cl(1-) chlorate ClO3(1-)chlorite ClO2(1-) hypochlorite ClO(1-)perchlorate ClO4(1-) acid: hydrochloric HCl,perchloric HClO4, chloric HClO3

fluoride(1-) acid: HFhydrofluoric, oxyfluorides-halofluorides

Forms compoundswith F

F2 gas

O2 gas

N2 gas

Cl2 gasBr2 liquidI2 solid

E - Balloons, blimps, lasers

MAJOR NATURAL ISOTOPESWITH % OF OCCURRENCE

Isotopes have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

Isotopes not listed are radioactive or synthetic.

H1 - 99.98%2 - 0.02%

He4 - ~100%

Li6 - 7.5%7 - 92.5%

Be9 - 100%

B10 - 19.9%11 - 80.1%

C12 - 98.9%13 - 1.1%

N14 - 99.63%15 - 0.37%

O16 - 99.8%18 - 0.2%

F19 - 100%

Ne20 - 90.5%21 - 0.3%22 - 9.3%

Na23 - 100%

Mg24 - 79.0%25 - 10.0%26 - 11.0%

Al27 - 100%

Si28 - 92.2%29 - 4.7%30 - 3.1%

P31 - 100%

S32 - 95.0%33 - 0.8%34 - 4.2%

Cl35 - 75.8%37 - 24.2%

Ar36 - 0.3%40 - 99.6%

K39 - 93.3%41 - 6.7%

Ca40 - 96.9%42 - 0.7%44 - 2.1%

Sc45 - 100%

Ti46 - 8.0%47 - 7.3%48 - 73.8%49 - 5.5%50 - 5.4%

V50 - 0.3%51 - 99.7%

Cr50 - 4.4%52 - 83.8%53 - 9.5%54 - 2.4%

Mn55 - 100%

Fe54 - 5.9%56 - 91.7%57 - 2.1%

Co59 - 100%

Ni58 - 68.1%60 - 26.2%61 - 1.1%62 - 3.6%64 - 0.9%

Cu63 - 69.2%65 - 30.8%

Zn64 - 48.6%66 - 27.9%67 - 4.1%68 - 18.8%

Ga69 - 60.1%71 - 39.9%

Ge70 - 21.2%72 - 27.7%73 - 7.7%74 - 35.9%78 - 7.4%

As75 - 100%

Se74 - 0.9%76 - 9.4%77 - 7.6%78 - 23.8%80 - 49.6%82 - 8.7%

Br79 - 50.7%81 - 49.3%

Kr80 - 2.3%82 - 11.6%83 - 11.5%84 - 57.0%86 - 17.3%

Rb85 - 72.2%87 - 27.8%

Sr86 - 9.9%87 - 7.0%88 - 82.6%

Y89 - 100%

Zr90 - 51.5%91 - 11.2%92 - 17.2%94 - 17.4%96 - 2.8%

Nb93 - 100%

Mo92 - 14.8%94 - 9.3%95 - 15.9%96 - 16.7%97 - 9.6%98 - 24.1%100 - 9.6%

Tc93 - synthetic

Ru96 - 5.5%98 - 1.9%99 - 12.7%100 - 12.6%101 - 17.1%102 - 31.6%104 - 18.6%

Rh103 - 100%

Pd102 - 1.02%104 - 11.1%105 - 22.3%106 - 27.3%108 - 26.5%110 - 11.7%

Ag107 - 51.8%109 - 48.2%

Cd106 - 0.9%108 - 0.9%110 - 12.5%111 - 12.8%112 - 24.1%113 - 12.2%114 - 28.7%116 - 7.5%

In113 - 4.3%115 - 95.7%

Sn112 - 1.0%116 - 14.5%117 - 7.7%118 - 24.2%119 - 8.6%120 - 32.6%122 - 4.6%124 - 5.8%

Sb121 - 57.4%123 - 42.6%

Te122 - 2.6%123 - 0.9%124 - 4.8%125 - 7.1%126 - 18.9%128 - 31.7%130 - 33.9%

I127 - 100%

Xe128 - 1.9%129 - 26.4%130 - 4.1%131 - 21.2%132 - 26.9%134 - 10.4%136 - 8.9%

Cs133 - 100%

Ba134 - 2.4%135 - 6.6%136 - 7.9%137 - 11.2%138 - 71.7%

La138 - 0.1%139 - 99.9%

Ce140 - 88.4%142 - 11.1%

Pr141 - 100%

Nd142 - 27.1%143 - 12.2%144 - 23.8%145 - 8.3%146 - 17.2%148 - 5.8%150 - 5.6%

Pm145 - synthetic

Sm144 - 3.1%147 - 15.0%148 - 11.3%149 - 13.8%150 - 7.4%152 - 26.7%154 - 22.7%

Eu151 - 47.8%153 - 52.2%

Gd154 - 2.2%155 - 14.8%156 - 20.5%157 - 15.7%158 - 24.8%160 - 21.9%

Tb159 - 100%

Dy160 - 2.3%161 - 18.9%162 - 25.5%163 - 24.9%164 - 28.2%

Ho165 - 100%

Er164 - 1.6%166 - 33.6%167 - 23.0%168 - 26.8%170 - 14.9%

Tm169 - 100%

Yb170 - 3.1%171 - 14.3%172 - 21.9%173 - 16.1%174 - 31.8%176 - 12.7%

Lu175 - 97.4%176 - 2.6%

Hf176 - 5.2%177 - 18.6%178 - 27.3%179 - 13.6%180 - 35.1%

Ta180 - 0.01%181 - 99.99%

W182 - 26.3%183 - 14.3%184 - 30.7%186 - 28.6%

Re185 - 37.4%187 - 62.6%

Os186 - 1.6%187 - 1.6%188 - 13.3%189 - 16.1%190 - 26.4%192 - 41.0%

Ir191 - 37.3%193 - 62.7%

Pt194 - 32.9%195 - 33.8%196 - 25.3%198 - 7.2%

Au197 - 100%

Hg198 - 10.0%199 - 16.9%200 - 23.1%201 - 13.2%202 - 29.9%204 - 6.9%

Tl203 - 29.5%205 - 70.5%

Pb204 - 1.4%206 - 24.1%207 - 22.1%208 - 52.4%

Bi209 - 100%

Po209 - 100%

At210 - 100%

Rn222 - 100%

Fr223 - 100%

Ra226 - 100%

Ac227 - 100%

Th232 - 100%

Pa231 - 100%

U235 - 0.7%238 - 99.3%

H Hydrogen

E - Rocket fuel, hydrogenation of fatsE - Petroleum desulfurization, H2O, ammonia

H(1+) compounds,acids: metal hydrides H(1-)

H2

M = Generic symbol for element in compound; E = Element raw material form; A = Alloy, blend or mixture; C = Compound; Bold = Most Important Use

E - Pacemaker Batteries

cubic = SIMPLE CUBIC, bcc = BODY CENTERED CUBIC fcc = FACE CENTERED CUBIC;hex = HEXAGONAL; ortho = ORTHOHOMBIC; rhom = RHOMBOHEDRAL;

tetra = TETRAGONAL mono = MONOCLINIC; – = unknown

Elements >#92 aresynthetic and radioactive

References: CRC; The Elements, 3rd ed., J. Emsley, 1998

1. Oxygen2. Silicon3. Aluminum4. Iron5. Calcium6. Sodium7. Magnesium8. Potassium9. Titanium10. Hydrogen

barcharts periodic table adv

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