bangladesh and global studies-iv-1

7/28/2019 Bangladesh and Global Studies-IV-1

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Published byNational Curriculum and Textbook Board

69 - 70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka - 1000

(All rights reserved by the publisher)

Trial Edition

First Edition: November, 2012

Co-ordinator

Md. Mosle Uddin Sarkar

Graphics

Jahirul Islam Bhuiyan Shetu

Design

National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka

To be distributed at free of cost by the Government of the People's Republic of

Bangladesh under the Third Primary Education Development Program

Printed by: Mousumi Of-set Press, 38 Banglabazar, Dhaka.


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PrefaceA child is a great wonder. There is no end to the thinking about his world of wonder. A child is a subject

of contemplation for educationists, scientists, philosophers, child specialists, psychologists --- for allintellectuals. The fundamental principles of child education outlined in the National Education Policy2010 have been defined in the light of these contemplations. The curriculum for primary education has

been revised to develop a child on the potentials of his innate amazement, unbounded curiosity, endlessjoy and enthusiasm. Keeping in view the all round development of children's potentials, the aims andobjectives of primary education were modified in the revised curriculum of 2011. Utmost considerationshave been given to the total development of children in determining all aspects beginning from theterminal competencies of primary education to the subject wise terminal competencies, grade and subject

based achievable competencies and finally to the learning outcomes. On this perspective each step of thecurriculum has been carefully followed in the newly developed textbook.

The society and environment of Bangladesh, tradition, culture, the history of liberation war, basic needs,children right, duties and responsibilities of children, sense of cooperation and compassion toward allwalks of people of the society, attaining the qualities for becoming good citizens of the society, being

respectful to the culture and occupation of others, proper use and maintenance of resources, socialenvironment and disaster, population and human resources all these issues have been introduced in the

book in the context of Bangladesh.

Although revision of curriculum is a continuous process, bringing basic changes into the curriculumdepends on some other matters as well. Especially teaching the learners a new topic is related to theacquiring knowledge on the topic by the teachers. Despite this challenge, issues like how children canmanage unfavourable conditions or disasters have been introduced. Besides, a number of new topics have

been included to create sense of acceptability and develop a sense of harmony in the minds of the childrenfor the people of all walks of the society, professionals, rich-poor, and children with special ability.

Keeping the security of the children in mind, relevant idea has been provided in this book so thatawareness can be developed in the minds of the children in the respective issues. Exercises with plannedactivities along with colourful pictures have been designed in such a way so that through pleasure andwithout memorization children can grasp the topics very easily.

It is noteworthy that the biography of the Father of the nation, the true history of the Liberation War andthe related facts presented in the book comply with the constitution of the country. Constitution has beenfollowed in the usage of the term 'ethnic minority' in this book. The improvement of curriculum is aconstant process. The text books are composed on the basis of curriculum. It is worth mentioning that in2009, Government of Bangladesh took a great step through the introduction of four colours in the text

books which make the books more attractive and endurable helping the learners to be more keen,inquisitive and attentive. Consequently, this time too this text book has been published in a short timeunder the light of the revised curriculum using four colours/pictures along with improved papers. Specialattention has been given to make the contents of the book, as far as possible, plain and lucid to our tenderaged learners.

Despite the relentless, careful efforts of the associated people, the book may not be completely error free.Therefore, for the further development and enhancement of the book, any constructive and rationaladvice will be taken into serious consideration.

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and thanks to those who have facilitated at various steps ofwriting, editing, evaluating and publishing of this book. We will consider all our efforts successful if thechildren for whom this book has been prepared are benefited.

Professor Md. M ostafa K amaludd inChairman

National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka


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ContentsChapter Subject Page

One Our Environment and Society 1

Two Togetherness and Cooperation in The Society 6

Three Ethnic Groups of Bangladesh 11

Four The Rights of Citizens 20

Five Social and State Resources 27

Six Dignity of Various Occupations 37

Seven Tolerance of Others Opinion 43

Eight Moral and Social Qualities 48

Nine Development activities in the locality 53Ten Disaster and disaster management 59

Eleven Population of Bangladesh 68

Twelve Asia 73

Thirteen Our Liberation War 78

Forteen Our History 85

Fifteen Our Culture 92

Sixteen Our Bangladesh 100


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Chapter OneO ur En vir onm ent an d Society

In the previous class, we have learnt about natural and social

environment. We have also been introduced with some of the elements of

natural and social environment. Soil, water, air, heat, light, plants and

trees, oceans, rivers, canals, fens, animals, birds are the elements of

natural environment. On the other hand, houses, schools, playgrounds,

roads, haat-bazaars, vehicles are the elements of social environment. The

elements of natural and social environment are interrelated. These

elements influence human life in many ways.

The natural environment of different regions of the world has differences.

Some of the regions are quite cold, some are quite hot. Some are covered

with ice, some are deserts. There are differences among the social life of

the people of these regions. Differences can be seen in houses, dresses,

food, occupations, festivals, manners and customs of people of these

regions. Different social environments have been created in different

natural environments.

Our country is small in size but there are differences of natural

environment in different regions of the country. The land of northern

region is a bit higher. Not too many rivers are there in the northern

region. The weather is quite hot during summer while in winter it is too

Ice covered region Desert region


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cold. On the other hand, the land of the southern region is pretty low

where there are plenty of rivers and canals.

Houses, jobs, food, social programs, manners and customs of the people

of the northern region are a bit different than that of southern region.

Similarly there are differences between eastern and the western regions in

terms of natural and social environment.

Plenty of trees in an area cause heavy rainfall which yield good

production of crops. We get our required food. If it rains a lot, rivers,

canals are filled with rain water. We get plenty of fish. We also get water

to irrigate the farmlands. Beside these we get wood, fruits and flowers

from trees. We need wood to make our houses, furniture. We eat fruit. We

use flowers for decorating joyful occasions and programs.

Environment in the northern region of Bangladesh Environment in the southern region of Bangladesh

Bangladesh and Global Studies

2

Rainy environment


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The decrease of trees causes less rainfall for which the production of

crops goes down. The production of fish declines as well for the lack ofwater in rivers, canals, fens. Lack of trees causes infertility of land. Soil

erosion begins which damages crops. Rivers, canals, fens are gradually

filled with soil. As a result, a number of problems surface in social life.

Birds and animals satisfy many of our needs. We get meat, milk, egg

from birds and animals. Bulls, buffaloes, horses, donkeys are used for

various purposes including agriculture, movement, transportation of

goods. Different animals keep the environmental balance in many ways

which does a lot of good to our society.There is oxygen in atmosphere. We need oxygen to live. We are affected

by diseases if the atmosphere is polluted. When the society is

overpopulated, plenty of houses are needed. Then we need more roads,

vehicles which adversely affect the natural environment. As a result, soil,

water, air get polluted in many ways. Plants, birds and animals are

affected as well.

Our social life is depended on nature in many ways. So we will not do

anything that may harm the nature. We should not cut down trees

unnecessarily. Once we cut trees for a reason, we will plant more trees.

We will not kill animals and birds unnecessarily. We will not fill up

canals, fens, rivers with soil. In this way, we will contribute to the

betterment of the nature. We will be careful in maintaining the balance of

natural and social environment.

Our Environment and Society

3

Dry environment


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2. Fill in the gaps with appropriate word.

a. The elements of natural and social environment are ____________ .b. The decrease of trees causes _________________ for which the

production of crops goes down.

c. Different _______________ keep the environmental balance in

many ways.

d. So we will not _____________ anything that may harm the nature.

3. Match the words on the right with those on the left.

a. If the number of trees goes down

b. If the society is overpopulated

c. If air is polluted

d. The difference in natural environment

4. Answer to the following question briefly.

a. Write the names of five elements of natural environment you have seen.

b. Write the names of five elements of social environment around yourhome.

c. Why does causes difference social life of human being in variousregions of the world ?

d. Mention differences between Natural and Social environmentvarious regions of Bangladesh.

5. Answer to the following question.

a. What are the benefits we get it there are plenty of trees ?

b. What roles will we play to keep our environment sound and healthy ?

c. How do birds and animals satisfy our needs ?

d. How does natural environment influence our social life ?

we are affected by diseases

we will not cut down treescauses difference in social life

soil erosion begins

many houses are needed


5


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a. The elements of natural and social environment are ____________ .b. The decrease of trees causes _________________ for which the

production of crops goes down.

c. Different _______________ keep the environmental balance in

many ways.

d. So we will not _____________ anything that may harm the nature.


a. If the number of trees goes down

b. If the society is overpopulated

c. If air is polluted

d. The difference in natural environment


a. Write the names of five elements of natural environment you have seen.

b. Write the names of five elements of social environment around yourhome.

c. Why does causes difference social life of human being in variousregions of the world ?

d. Mention differences between Natural and Social environmentvarious regions of Bangladesh.

5. Answer to the following question.

a. What are the benefits we get it there are plenty of trees ?

b. What roles will we play to keep our environment sound and healthy ?

c. How do birds and animals satisfy our needs ?

d. How does natural environment influence our social life ?

we are affected by diseases

we will not cut down treescauses difference in social life

soil erosion begins

many houses are needed


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Chapter TwoTogether ness an d C ooper at ion in the Society

We all know that in a society people from different walks of life live

together intimately. Among them some can be females, some males, some

male children, some female children, some poor, some rich. Some of

them can be even from different religions or races.

Let's take a look at all of them in the picture.

Although we are different in many aspects, the society is so beautiful as

we live together in harmony.

Our family consists of parents, siblings, grandparents and other relatives.

Some of them are females, some are males. Men together with women

always try for the welfare of the family. We help each other and work

together. Similarly men and women work together for the development of

the society. The population of men and women are almost equal in

Bangladesh. Men and women have equal contribution to the developmentof the country yet men and women are not treated equally in the society.

For an example - there are families where from childhood male child is

given more priority than female child. It is thought that females will not

Female Male Female childrenMale children


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be useful for the family. Females will only do household work while

males will earn to run the family. However, this idea is changing slowly.Nowadays men and women are working in and outside. Therefore, male

and female both need to work in the society. For an example - we, brother

and sister work together at home. At the same time play and study

together. In this way, if men and women can develop a habit of working

together, there will be no discrimination between them. At the same time

the dignity of women will be enhanced.

Apart from discrimination between male and female, there are other

reasons which create difference among men. May be a child is with

special need. May be a child's mother tongue is not Bengali. For an

example - the language of a child of a minority is not Bengali.

Everybody's religion is not same. Similarly all the parents are not in the

same occupation. Like - some parents are labourers, some are farmers,

some are in service, some do business or other work. In one word, it can

be said that children from different background come to school to study.On the other hand, there are also children in the society who cannot come

to school for various reasons. After taking admission, some children

cannot even continue their studies. Some of them cannot continue as they

Togetherness and Cooperation in the Society

7

Female and male working together in their work place


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work at home or in the field. Some cannot continue as they have to work

with their parents or their elders at their childhood. Normal, problematic,without problem all types of children are studying together. Besides, there

is difference among people in the society. However without taking it as a

problem, we need to help each other when it is needed. Society can move

forward through the respect and love toward people of every walk of life.

We have learned before that in society or school, everywhere there are

children or people of special need. Now let's learn about the children with

special need - there are children who can not see the writing on the board

from a distance for eye problem, some find it difficult to hear, some are

even physically disabled. Some cannot understand lesson easily.

Like - Autistic children do not respond when they are called by their

names. They cannot use the language properly. They do not show strong

emotion when they get a new thing. They keep on showing a special

behaviour again and again. These children are extremely sensitive to

sound, light and touch. These children can study with us. All we have to

do is to take a special step by accepting their difference. Besides, thereare learners of minority whose mother tongue is not Bengali. As a result,

they find it difficult to understand Bengali. But we must remember they

are our friends too. And friend should come forward to help a friend in


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A child is helping a child of special needs


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need. We will let a child sit in the front who can not see or hear properly.

We will help them who have problem in walking. We will help those whohave problem in reading so that they can do their work properly.

Similarly, if anybody finds it difficult to understand the language, we will

explain them the lesson after the class. In this way, we will stand by each

other. We will never say anything bad to anybody which may offend him.

If we offend anybody, he may lag behind and may not want to come to

school regularly. Then he will not be able to contribute to the society.

Let's read again1. The society is beautiful as in the society people from different walks

of life live together in harmony.2. Men and women have equal contribution to the development of the country.

3. Everywhere in the society, there can be people or children of special need.

4. If needed, we all will stand by everyone including people or children

of special need.

Planned activites1. To find out who are the children with special need and then prepare a

list of these children.

2. To demonstrate through acting how we can help these children of

special need.

3. To collect examples of togetherness of men and women in the society

and their equal contribution.

4. To express living together intimately in the society, friendship and

kindness through acting or story telling.

Exercise1. Put a tick mark ( ) beside the correct answer.

1.1 How people from different walks of life live together in the society?

a. separately b. alone

c. live together intimately d. dividedly

Togetherness and Cooperation in the Society

9


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1.2 Apart from normal human being, who live in the society and in schools?

a. children with special need b. service holdersc. women d. men

1.3 How much contribution men and women have toward the

development of the country?

a. men have more b. women have more

c. equal contribution d. no contribution

1.4 What type of occupation our parents have?

a. they cultivate b. they do different work

c. they do jobs d. they do business


a. Men, women, everyone of the society works for the ___________ of

the society.

b. In the society, different people have ______________ among them.

c. Friend will come _________________ for a friend in need.

d. As the society people from different walks of life live together in

harmony, the society is ______________ .


a. Who can not see or hear properly

b. Every where in society or schoolc. If anything bad is said to anybody

d. In the society, the work of menand women


a. Who are the children with special need ?

b. Which types of people live in the society ?

c. For which reasons children cannot come to school ?

d. What can we do to take the society forward ?e. What is the importance of living together in the society in harmony ?

f. Mention two characteristics of autistic children.

there is people or children ofspecial need

are equally important

we will let a child sit in the front

he may get hurt

everything is important


10


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Chapter ThreeEt hn ic G r oups of Ban glad esh

Bangladesh abodes more than 45 ethnic groups. They are 1.13% of the

total population of the country. Generally they live in different districts of

north-east, north-west, mid-north and north Bengal including Chittagong

Hill Tracts of the country. Most of these ethnic groups live in the rural

areas of Bangladesh. They have their own language and culture. They are

distinct from the Bengalis as far as social organizations, manners and

customs, food habit and other social practices are concerned. Let us read

the names of the major ethnic groups of Bangladesh.

Chakma

Marma

Saontal

Monipuri

GaroTripura

Boam HagongKhiang Mro

ChakTonchaingaLusaiKumiPankho


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Now let us learn about the culture of some of the ethnic groups.

ChakmaIn terms of population, the Chakmas (They call themselves Changhma) are

the largest ethnic group in Bangladesh. According to the census of 2007, there

are 5 lakh 50 thousand Chakmas in Bangladesh. They live in Chittagong Hill

Tracts (especially Rangamati, Khagrachari and Bandarban).

Life-styleChakmas have their own alphabet and language. They have their own music,

dance and literature. Nadeng Khara, Gudo Khara and Ghila Khara (played

with seeds) are their favourite games. The chief of Chakma society is the

king. The opinion of the king on any issue is given importance. Apart from

this, there is a village chief for every village. They are called 'Karbari'. The

Chakma houses alike platforms made of bamboo and wood constructed on a

firm trees. There are wooden or bamboo stairs for going up to the house.

Chakmas are mainly Buddhists.

Chakmas living in

rural areas mostly

cultivate 'Jhum.' They

are also involved with

other agriculturalactivities. Jhum is a

cultivation process

where seeds are sowed

by making holes in the

slopes of the hills after

burning the trees. At

the same time, they

grow various crops

and vegetables.Chakmas make a

variety of baskets, fans, flutes, musical instruments from bamboo and cane.

The staple food of Chakmas is rice.

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House of Chakmas


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DressTraditionally Chakmas weave fabric with various designs in their ownlooms. The dress of Chakma women is called 'pinon hadi.' Pinon extends

from the waist to the feet

while the upper part above

the waist is called hadi.

Nowadays the Chakma boys

and men wear dresses like

fatua and lungi.

FestivalsChakmas celebrate a numberof festivals. Their major

festival is Buddha Purnima.

Generally this festival is

celebrated in the month of

Baishakh. Besides they celebrate 'Maghi Purnima', 'Kothin Chibor Daan'.

However the best festival of the Chakmas is called 'Biju' which is

celebrated on the last two days of the Bengali year and on the first day of

the new Bengali year. This festival lasts for three days. During festivals,

they decorate their dwelling place with flowers and children respect the

elders and get their blessing.

Ethnic Groups of Bangladesh

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Man and woman in Chakma attire

The celebration of festival by the Chakmas


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MarmaLife-styleIn terms of population after the Chakmas, the Marmas are in the second

position. Most of the Marmas live in Bandarban, Khagrachari and

Rangamati. In Marma society, there is also a king. Furthermore the village

chief is called 'Roaza' or

'Karbari'. Marmas building

platforms on firm posts and

live there. The Marmas

cultivate 'Jhum', catch fish,

weave fabrics and makepipes. Selling all these, they

earn. The staple food of the

Marmas is rice and boiled

vegetables. However, their

favourite food is called

'Nappi' or dried fish.

In the past, they used to treat themselves by medicinal plant collected from

the forest. However,

nowadays they have started

to take modern medical

treatment.

DressThe dress of Marma male and

female are 'thami' and 'angi'

respectively. Nowadays,

Marma male and female wear

modern dresses.

FestivalMarmas are the followers ofBuddhism. In each month,

they celebrate a festival called 'Labrey'. In Burmese language, 'Labrey'

means full moon. There is another festival they have which is called 'water


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Marma boys and girls

Marma attire


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festival'. They also celebrate the second day of the Bengali New year

called 'Shangrain'.

SaontalLife-styleSaontals live in

several districts of

Bangladesh. Such

as - Dinajpur,

Rajshahi, Naogaon,

Chapainawabganj

and Nator district.

Besides, the

Saontals live in

some other districts

including Rangpur

and Bogra. In

Bangladesh, more

than 20 lakh Saontals live. Although they have their own language, they

do not have their own alphabet. The staple food of Saontals is fish, meat,

vegetables etc. 'Nalita' or jute leaves is their special dish. The Saontalmale and females can work very hard. Nowadays agriculture is their main

occupation. Along with this, including fishing, working in tea gardens,

cottage industry, they do a range of work. However, nowadays they are

getting educated and interested to do all types of work.

DressSaontals women are used to wear a two part cloth. The upper part

'Panchi' and the lower part is 'Parhat'. Saontal women love to adorn their

chignons (khopa) with flowers. The Saontal men used to wear dhuti but

now they wear lungi, shirt, dhuti and other dresses if necessary.FestivalSaontals are festival lover . Saontals start each month of the year with

festival full of dance and music. They celebrate five special festivals


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Saontal


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Month Festival

Poush Sohrai Festival - is celebrated during the harvest of themain crop.

Magh The festival of collecting hay from the forest 'Magh sim'

Falgun The festival of the spring in eclipse

Ashar 'Er kongsim' - bringing one hen from each family as anoffering to the god

Vadro 'Hariar sim' - giving offering for crops by the bongas

which are -

MonipuriLife-styleMonipuri is one of the ethnic groups of Bangladesh. Their original abode is

in the Monipur state of Asam in India. After entering Bangladesh, initially

they started to live in Kosba of Brahmanbaria, Durgapur of Mymensing

and Tejgaon of Dhaka. However, nowadays they live in Sylhet,

Moulovibazar, Habiganj district. Among these districts, most of the

Monipuris live in Komolganj of Moulovibazar.

The Monipuris are divided into two groups.

1. Bishnupriya Monipuri

2. Moi Toi Monipuri

The name of the languages of these two groups is by the name of their

groups. The culture of the Monipuris is much enriched. Dance is one of the

parts of their culture. They are the followers of old religion. There is a

Monipuri Muslim group named 'Moi Toi Pangn'. The staple food of

Munipurs is rice, fish, dried fish, vegetables. However, since meat is

socially prohibited, they do not eat it. They like eating a kind of salad

called 'sincheda' made of leaves of vegetables. Agriculture is the

occupation of most of the Monipuris. They cultivate different types ofcrops and vegetables. They have weaving industry at their homes.

Nowadays they are entering in all the occupations. The houses of the

Monipuris are made of bamboo. They also have brick built or tin shed


16


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houses. They keep their houses neat and clean.

DressEarlier the Monipuris used to make their own clothes. Women wear 'lahing'(a dress like ghagra), 'ahing' (blouse) and scarf. Men wear dhuti and

punjabi.

FestivalThe merriments of Monipuris go on round the year through festivities.

They rejoice through dance, music, musical instruments. They celebrate

Rathajatra, Doljatra, Holi festival, Chaitra Sangkranti, Rashpurnima etc.

Let 's read again1. Bangladesh abodes more than 45 ethnic groups.2. Chakmas living in rural areas mostly cultivate 'Jhum.'

3. The name of New Year festival of the Marma is called 'Shangrain'.

4. The dance of the Monipuri is famous.


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The Monipuri dance


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Planned act iv ityThe teacher will tell the learners to fill in the following chart.

Ethnic groups Dress Food Festival

Chakma

Marma

Saontal

Monipuri


1.1 What is the number of ethnic groups in Bangladesh?

a. 40 b. 44

c. 45 d. more than 45

1.2 Which one is the largest ethnic group in Bangladesh?a. Monipuri b. Chakma

c. Saontal d. Garo

1.3 What is the name of the religion of the Marmas?

a. Buddhism b. Hinduism

c. Islam d. Christianity

1.4 What is one of the parts of Monipuri culture?

a. music b. worship

c. drama d. dance

1.4 Which Ethnic Group's festival is 'Hariar sim' ?

a. Chakma b. Saontal

c. Marma d. Garo


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a. In Bangladesh, the percentage of the ethnic groups of the totalpopulation is ____________ .

b. The villages of the Chakma are called _____________ .

c. The Saontals are divided into ______________ groups.

d. Shangrain is a festival of ______________.

e. Most of the Monipuris of Bangladesh live in____________ district.


a. The Monipuris

b. The dress of Chakma women

c. Generally the Saontals in a year

d. The favourite food of the Marmas


a. What is Jhum cultivation ?

b. What are the major festivals of Chakmas and Marmas ?

c. How is the life-style of the Saontals ?d. Describe the culture of the Monipuris.

e. What are the major occupations of various ethnic groups in Bangladesh ?


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celebrate 5 festivals

is Naspi

are divided into 12 groups

Pinon Hadi

are divided into 2 groups


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Chapter FourThe Righ t s of C it izens

CitizensGenerally the members of a state are called citizens. A citizen of a state

lives there permanently. They remain loyal to the state and enjoy various

privileges provided by the state. They also carry out some responsibilities

for the state. We were born in Bangladesh. We enjoy various privileges

from the state and perform our responsibilities for the state. That's why

we are the citizens of Bangladesh.All over the world, citizens of their own countries enjoy some rights.

Similarly, being a citizens of Bangladesh we have some rights as well.

Now we will learn about the rights of citizens.

The rights of citizensAll the citizens of the world enjoy some privileges from their respective

countries. For an example - privilege of treatment, privilege of education

etc. These are absolutely necessary for the citizens for sound, smooth and

better living. Getting these privileges from the state are called the rights

of a citizen. The responsibility of the state is to meet these rights for thecitizens.

Our rights as a citizen of BangladeshAs a citizen of Bangladesh, generally we enjoy three types of rights from the

state which are:

1. Social rights

2. Political rights

3. Economic rights

Social r ightsThe rights which are essential for a healthy and better living are known as

social rights. Let us learn about some of our major social rights in the

following table.


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21

Social r ightsThe right

to live

The right

toeducation

The right

to

property

The right

to

movement

The right

to

freedom

of

expresson

The rightto work

The right to live is one of the most

important of all rights. To stay alive, we

need food, clothing, shelter, healthcare as

well as safety. To survive citizens deserve

these rights from the state.

Access to education is the major right of

a citizen. So the state tries to arrange

education for its citizens.

Every citizen of a state has the right to

acquire and enjoy property.

Every citizen has the right to move freely

inside his own country. For this reason,

without any difficulty we can easily move

from one place to another.

Every citizen of a state has the right to

express his opinion freely. So we will

exprees our own opinion in the family,

school and society.

Every citizen has the right to work. As a

result, we can support ourselves through

working independently.

The Rights of Citizens


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22

Political r ightThe right toparticipatein theelection

The right tolive

The right togovernmentemployment

Every citizen has the right to vote and

participate in the election.

All the citizens have the right to live

anywhere in the state.

All the citizens have the right to obtain

employment according to there merit.

The right

topractice

religion

The right

to

language

and

culture

Theright tobetreatedequallythe eyeof law

Every citizen has the right to practice his

religion. For that reason, all Bangladeshi

citizens can perform their religious rituals

freely.

Speaking in mother tongue is a fundamental

right of a citizen. In the same way,

practicing their culture and observing their

festivals are also included in this right.

Every citizen is equal according to the law.There should not be any discrimination

among the citizens. In terms of race,

religion, complexion, rich, poor, high, low,

profession, physical capacity, everyone

deserves equal treatment in everything.

Political r ightThe right to participate in running the state and government is called

political right.



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23

The rightto receive

security

in abroad

The right

to protect

individual

freedom

While staying abroad if any citizen faces

any problem or is in danger, he hasevery right to receive security from his

own state.

Every citizen has the right to practice

anything they want. How ever special

care has to be taken so that this right

does not harm anybody.

Economic rightThe rightto earn

The right

to receive

fair wage

The rightto enjoy

leaves

Every citizen of the state has the right

to earn through a business or an

employment.

All the citizens have the right to

receive fair wage for their labour.

Every citizen has the right to receive

leaves irrespective of their work place.

Economic rightAs a citizen we have some economic rights as well. The right to earn a

living lawfully is called economic right. Economic rights are needed to

earn a living properly. Let us study some of the economic rights in the

following chart.



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Importance of the rights of citizensThe rights of citizens help us to lead an enhanced and quality life. For anexample - social rights help us to receive education and to lead a sound

life. It improves our life and makes it a better one. It gives us an

opportunity to speak in our own language and to practice our own

religion. It develops a relationship of warmth and harmony among the

people of various religions and groups. Political rights give us the

opportunity to participate in governing the state. As a result we get the

opportunity to develop ourselves as good citizens. Economic rights give

us the opportunity to earn. Therefore we can fulfil the needs for our

living.

Let us respect the rights of allAll sorts of rights are equally important to all of us. So we need to be

well aware in claiming these rights. We need to develop ourselves well.

We need to study. We need to do necessary work. Sometimes the

government take various programs to ensure the right of all. We need to

help the government so that these programs can be implemented

successfully. We need to keep in mind that these rights are for all the

citizens. We need to ensure that every one of our family, school, society

and state can get the benefits of these rights. If necessary we have to help

them. We should not do any thing that may violate other's right.

Let's read again1. Generally the members of a state are called citizens.

2. Privileges received from the state by the citizens are called the rights

of citizens.

3. As a citizen of a state, generally the citizens enjoy three types of

rights from the state which are: social, political and economic rights.

4.Everyone has equal right irrespective of his race, religion,complexion, gender etc.

5. We will aware to establish our right. We also respect of other's right too.


24


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Planned activities1. To prepare a list of the rights of citizens.2. Preparing a chart on the rights of citizens, deliver a group

presentation in the class.

3. Perform miming on the basis of rights.

Exercise

1. Put a tick mark ( ) beside the correct answer.1.1 Generally who are considered as citizens?

a. woman b. member of the state

c. child d. male member

1.2 Which one of the following is a social right?

a. to live b. to earn

c. to get holiday leave d. to get elected

1.3 What type of right is 'the right to participate in election'?

a. washerman b. labourer

c. boatman d. domestic worker


a. The citizen abide by __________________ of the state.

b. We have social, ______________ and economic rights to the state.

c. Speaking in our own mother tongue is a __________________

social right.

d. The right to __________________in governing the state is calledpolitical right.

e. Social rights help us to lead an enhanced and ______________ life.


25


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social right

economic right

political right

citizens

foreigners


a. Live permanently in the state

b. The right to practice religion

c. The right to vote

d. The right to receive fair wage

4. Answer to the following questions briefly.

a. Who are the citizens?

b. What is the right of citizens?

c. Why are the social rights of citizens important?

d. What is the benefit of economic right?

e. What are responsibilities in ensuring others' rights?


26


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Chapter fiveSocial an d Sta te Resour ces

We use a lot of things for leading our life. We live at home. We travel by

vehicles. We walk along the roads. We cultivate lands to produce crops.

We manufacture a variety of products in factories. In school, we study.

Whatever meets our necessity is called resource. Resources are mainly of

two types. They are -

1. Social resources

2. State resources

Now we will learn about these two types of resources.

Social resourcesHuman beings develop a number of resources to meet various needs of

their social life. We have plenty of social resources such as - schools,

libraries, hospitals, mosques, places of worship, roads, bamboo pathways

(shako) / culverts. For our entertainment, we have playgrounds, parks,

clubs etc. These are social resources too.

SchoolsEducation is one's social

right. It is must for all

of us. Man has built

schools for education.

We have plenty of

schools in villages and

in towns. A lot of

children like us study inthese schools.

A school


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28

HospitalsW e n e e d t o t r e a tourselves when we have

diseases. For this reason,

people have established

hospitals. Here doctors

treat the patients. Nurses

take care of the patents.

Religious institutionsThere are religious

institutions for different

religions of people in the society. Muslims pray at mosques. Hindus

worship in temples. Buddhists pray at pagodas while Christians pray in

churches. People of other religions practice their rituals at their

respective places of worship.

Pagoda Church

Mosque Temple

A hospital



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29

RoadsRoads are needed tomove from one

place to another.

There are paved ,

half-paved and

ear then roads .

People use these

roads to move from

one place to another.

Bridges and bam boo pathwaysThere are bridges and bamboo pathways (shako) / culverts over various

rivers, canals etc. People move along with these bridges and bamboo

pathways.

A road

Bridges

Bamboo pathway

Social and State Resources


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30

PlaygroundsThere are playgroundsin villages and in

towns. People of

different ages play

football, cricket,

hockey, ha do do,

kanamachi, bouchi,

g o l l a c h u t ,

dariabandha etc on

these playgrounds.Pa r kThere are a variety

types of trees as well as flower gardens in parks. In some parks, there are

ponds or lakes. And some zigzag roads as well. People visit these parks

to have pleasure. There are parks for children too which are called

Children parks.

These social resources are used in many ways. We will not do anything

that may damage these resources. We will always take good care of

these resources.

Playground

Children park



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32

Natural gasWe use natural gas for

cooking. It is used in

industrial factories

and vehicles. It is also

used in the production

of electricity.

ElectricityElectricity is used for

m a n y p u r p o s e s . I t

gives us light at home,

in offices, in industrial

factories. With the aid

of electricity, we run fan, television, radio, computer etc. Electricity is

used to run the machines in industrial factories too. It is also used for the

irrigation of farmlands. Electricity is used in other purposes as well.

Gas stove


Power station


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33

RoadThere are hundreds of kilometres of roads and highways in our country.We journey to distant places by a variety of vehicles on these roads and

highways. We also transport goods on these roads and highways.

RailwaysLike roads and highways, we have long railways as well. Numerous

people travel by trains. Goods can easily be transported by trains.

Road

Railroad



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34

G over nm ent officesThere are government

offices to carry out

various activities of the

state. Everyday countless

people visit these offices

for a number of reasons.

Large bridgesIn our country, we

have big rivers. There

are long bridges over

plenty of rivers. Such

as - Ban g ab an d h u

Bridge, China Friendship Bridge, Lalon Shah Bridge. These bridges

facilitate people to have better communication across the country.

Like social resources, we will take good care of our state resources as

well. We will use water, gas, electricity according to our necessity. We

will never waste anything. We will never do anything that may damagethe state resources like roads and highways, railroads, offices, bridges

etc. We will maintain these resources. We will also participate in the

development of these resources.

Bangabandhu Bridge

A Government Office



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35

Let ' s r ea d aga in1. Whatever meets our necessity is called resource.

2. There are two types of resources. They are - (a) Social resources

(b) State resources.

3. We will take good care of our social and state resources. We will not

do anything that may damage our resources.

Planned activit ies1. We will prepare a list of social resources around us.

2. Write in the following table the name of some the state resources that

you have seen.

1. 2.

3. 4.


1.1 Whatever meets our necessity is called?

a. object b. resource

c. thing d. property

1.2 Which one is a social resource?

a. school b. water

c. forest d. river

1.3 Which one is a state resource?

a. school b. bridge

c. electricity d. bamboo pathway1.4 What type of resource is a railroad?

a. personal b. social

c. collective d. state



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use roads and highways

social resourcewe will take care of

people have established schools

is a state resource

36


a. Schools, libraries, places of worship are _______________ resources.

b. There are _____________ parks, clubs for our entertainment.

c. People have established ________________ for their treatment if they

have any disease.

d. Forest is a _______________ resource.


a. For learning

b. For transportation people

c. Water

d. Resources


a. How many types of resources are there? What are they?

b. Write the name of five social state resources.

c. Write the name of five state resources.

d. How does hospital help us?

e. For which purposes do we use electricity?

f. What are our duties toward various types of resources?



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Chapter SixDignity of Var ious O ccupa tions

There are people of many occupations in the society to meet various

needs. People of every occupation have to render labour. In the previous

class, we learnt about few occupations. Now we will learn more about

people of other occupations.

Judge:Every citizen has to abide by

the law. Yet sometimes some

people violate law. Some are

involved with crime. They

have to face the legal (judicial)

s y s t e m w h e r e a j u d g e

evaluates their action.

Lawyer:Lawyers play a very important

role during trials. In a court of

law, there are lawyers for both

the sides. They help the court by

explaining law.

A Judge in Courthouse

A Lawyer in Courthouse


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38

Police:Police protect the law andorder of the country. Their

major responsibility is to bring

th e c r imin a l t o t h e co u r t .

Besides, they play significant

role in ensuring the orderly

movement of the vehicles in

the city. They also help the

people to move safely on the

road.

Engineer:E n g in ee r s b u i ld n ew

machinery. They also repair

and maintain these devices.

The expertise of engineers is

needed to build roads, bridges,

huge buildings etc.

Businessman:Businessmen trade a range of

goods. We buy essential things

from them. Big businessmen

import goods from abroad and

ex p o r t t h e l o ca l g o o d s t o

foreign countries.


The Police Force

An Engineer

A businessman in his organization


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39

Jobholder:J o b h o l d e r s w o r k i n

Government and private

offices. People go there to

gather in formation and for

some other reasons.

Labourer:Labourers work in industries

and business organizations.

They also work at bus terminal,

rail station, quayside of a river,

seaport and airport.

House attendant:House attendants provide

service at the houses of

villages and towns. They

render their services according

to the need of the house.

Dignity of Various Occupations

A garment worker

An official in his office

A house attendant


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40

Washerman / laundr yman:Washerman/ laundryman wash

and clean clothes.

Boatman:There are plenty of rivers,

canals and fens in different

parts of Bangladesh. Plenty of

boats are used for the

transportation of human as

well as goods. Boatmen

operate these boats.

Cleaners:Cleaners keep the schools,

colleges, hospitals, offices,

cour t s , roads e tc nea t and

clean.


A laundryman

A boatman

A cleaner


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41

No man can do all his work alone. In the society, people depend on each

other for many reasons. People of different occupations meet each other'sneeds. That's why every occupation has importance in the society.

Therefore all types of occupations or work deserve equal dignity. So we

will not undermine any occupation no matter how insignificant it is. We

will look at every work equally. We will respect labour. We will behave

well with people of all occupat ions. We wil l t ry to do our own work

ourselves. We will get pleasure by doing our own work ourselves. That's

how we will be dignified.

Let's read again1. People of many occupations are needed in the society for doing

different work.

2. No man can do all his work alone.

3. People depend on each other for various needs.

4. Every occupation has importance in the society.

5. We should respect labour.

6. We will be dignified by doing our own work.

Planned activities1. To make a list of all types of professionals around our house

2. To make a list of occupations of people in school

3. To participate individually and in group in cleaning the classrooms and

premise and in gardening

Exercise1. Put a tick mark beside the correct answer.

1.1 Who conducts trial in the court?

a. judge b. lawyer

c. police d. engineer

Dignity of Various Occupations


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42

1.2 Whose responsibility is to bring the criminal for facing the trial?

a. lawyer's b. engineer'sc. police's d. businessman's

1.3 Who work in farmlands, industrial factories and business

organizations?

a. washerman b. labourer

c. boatman d. domestic worker

1.4 What will we get by doing our own work ourselves?

a. money b. sorrow

c. sufferings d. pleasure


a. There are _____________ for both plaintiff and defendant of a trial.

b. Businessmen trade various types of __________________ .

c. No man can __________________ all his work alone.

d. We will _______________ labour.

3. Answer to the following questions briefly.

a. What are functions of police?

b. What do the engineers do?

c. Where do the labourers work?

d. Why do all the professions deserve dignity?

e. Why should we respect all types of professionals?



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Chapter SevenToler an ce of O th er s O p inion

Tolerance of others opinionIn the above picture, we can see that some children are talking to each

other. Let us read what they are saying and try to understand. We will

patiently listen to the opinion of others and respect it. We will not impose

our own opinion on others. Rather we will accept the better opinion. It

means we will be tolerant to the opinions of others. Thus allowing others

to express their opinions and showing respect to their opinions is calledtolerance of others opinion. Tolerance of others opinion is a major social

quality.

Necessity of tolerance of other s opinionLet's read the following event.

After the final exam all the students of a class insisted the teacher on

going to a study tour. The teacher asked the learners to express their

opinion about the place they wanted to visit. Some said that they wanted

to go to the zoo. Some said Shishu Park. Others also wanted to go toother places. Nobody listened to the opinion of others properly. All of

them created chaos for going to their preferred place. Disagreement

surfaced among them. As a result, they could not go to the study tour.

We will express our opinions.

We will allow others to express

their opinions. We will respect

the opinions of all. We will

take the opinion of the

majority.


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Now let's think about the following questions -1. Why did the learners fail to go to the study tour?

2. Did they listen to the opinion of others and respect it?

3. How should have they expressed their opinion?

4. What sort of problems can occur if there is no tolerance of others

opinion?

Tolerance of o thers opinion is a good qual ity. I t b rings peace and

harmony to the members of the society . It helps people to l ive with

intimacy. This quali ty gives a person an opportunity to express his

opinion about any issue. Everyday we do a variety of activities at home,

in school and at work place. While working, we need to take various

types of decision. We can think about something in one angle while

others can think differently on the same issue. Everybody's opinion is

important. In the chapter, 'Our Rights,' we have learnt that everybody has

his right to express his opinion independently. A better opinion can come

out if everybody's opinion is taken into consideration. We all have to be

tolerant to the opinion of others.

If we do not show enough importance to the opinion of others, there

might be plenty of problems. Their might be disagreement or quarrel with

our classmates, friends, siblings and others. It may also cause difficulty intaking the right decision. As a result, we may find it difficult to work

properly. It may also create problem to have a healthy relation with

others. These are the obstacles to form a healthy society.

Allowing others to express their opinionSometimes when others talk or express their opinion, instead of listeningto them we also talk or make noise. We should not do things like thisbecause this may hurt them. So we need to allow others to express theiropinion. We have to listen to their opinion with patience and respect it.

Sometimes we may not like somebody's opinion or his opinion may not beright yet we should not say anything that might hurt him. In this case we

should explain it properly to him. Besides we have to thank him for his

opinion. We have to express our opinion or explain things with modesty.



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45

Expression of our opinionat home and in schoolAt home we need to do a

variety of activities. Sometimes

we need to take decisions on

some issues . Such as - what

should be done in someone's

birthday or in a program, how to

s tudy , wha t to cook , wh ich

clothes to be bought and so on.

In these cases we will expressour opinion as much as possible.

At the same time we will also listen to the opinion of others in the family.

Respecting all the opinions, we will accept the opinion that is good for all.

Similarly in various activities of school (arrangement of various programs,

development activities of school etc), we have to listen to the opinion of

others and express our own opinion as well. Even on playgrounds and with

the friends in the neighbourhood, we have to show the same degree of

tolerance to their opinion. We will show importance to the opinion of all.

Let us take the opinionof the majorityWhen we express our

opinion on a particular

mat ter , a number of

opinions are formed. But all

the opinions cannot be

taken together. Among all

these opinions, we have to

take the opinion which isgiven by the majority and

good for all. Sometimes our

own opinion may not be

Tolerance of others Opinion

A child is saying something in the class andothers are listening to her attentively

A child is writing the ways to be tolerant of others opinion


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46

taken but for that we should not be sad. In fact respecting the opinion of the

majority, we have to work with an open mind.We have learnt about the tolerance of others opinion. We will implement

thi s q ua li ty a t h ome , in sch oo l, o n play gro un d and whereve r i t i s

necessary. In this way we can build a healthy and a peaceful society.

Let's do the following activity.

I will write in my diary about how I can be tolerant to the opinion of

others.

Let's read again1. Allowing others to express their opinions and showing respect to their

opinions is called tolerance of others opinion.

2. We will express our own opinion. We will also allow others to express

their opinions. We will respect everybody's opinion.

3. It is a social quality which brings peace and harmony in the society.

Planned activities1. The learners will practice tolerance of others opinion on various issues

in the classroom.

2. Writing the ways of showing tolerance to the opinion of others on a

poster paper, the learners will present it in the classroom.


1.1 What is the main theme of tolerance of others opinion?

a. tolerance to everybody's opinion b. expressing only my opinion

c. do according to my own opinion d. imposing my opinion on others1.2 What should we do when others express their opinion?

a. to speak b. to make a noise

c. to listen to the speaker patiently d. to do according to my own opinion



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lack of tolerance of others opinion

others opinion

disagreement

we will accept the opinion

tolerance of others opinion

47

1.3 Whose opinion should we accept?

a. opinion of my own b. opinion of the person whom I likec. opinion of one or two people d. opinion of the majority

1.4 Which of the following is the result of tolerance of others opinion?

a. spoils peace b. creates disagreement

c. quarrel d. helps to live with intimacy


a. Showing ___________ to others opinions is called tolerance of others

opinion.

b. Everybody should be given the opportunity to express his ___________independently.

c. Tolerance of other opinon is a _____________ virtue.

d. The opinion given by the majority should be _____________ .

e. We have to listen to and ______________ of the opinion of others.


a. Listen to patiently

b. Social value is

c. Which is good for all

d. The obstacle of forming

a healthy society is

4. Answer the following questions briefly.

a. What is tolerance of others opinion ?

b. What are the benefits of being tolerant to the opinion of others ?

c. What problems may arise if there is no tolerance among us ?

d. What should we to be tolerant to the opinion of others ?

e. How can we express our own opinions at home and in school ?

Tolerance of others Opinion


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Chapter EightMora l and Socia l Qua lit ies

We live in a society. Society consists of our parents, siblings, neighbours,

f riends , teachers , c lassmates and others. Uni ty , cooperation and

socialization are the foundations of society. These are good qualities of

human beings. The members of the society must possess different moral

and social qualities to lead their lives properly.

The importance of moral and social qualitiesThere are some rules and regulations in the society regarding how we

should get along with others and how we should behave with them. For

example - respecting elders, loving young ones, getting along well with

neighbours, helping others who are in trouble etc. Practising these bring

welfare to the society. We learn how to behave well. These good

behaviours of the members of the society are called social qualit ies.

These qualities create unity, peace, harmony and sense of cooperation in

the society and help us all to live together with intimacy. As a result,

society runs well.

Apart from social qualities, human beings have some moral qualities. Asa human being, we all need to possess these qualities. Honesty, devotion,

sense of justice, politeness, discipline, sense of duties and

responsibilities, cooperation etc are some examples of moral qualities.

These moral values facilitate human beings to become an ideal person.

For an example - honesty helps us to lead our life honestly. Likewise,

discipline enables us to conduct our life properly. Sense of justice stops

us from doing evil deeds and encourages us to do good deeds. Politeness

helps us to behave nicely with people. These moral qualities help us to

become good humans.

Social and moral quali ties are very important for bui ld ing an ideal

society. We will follow these in our family, school and society of our

everyday life.


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The pr actice of moral and social qualitiesHave a look at the following story. Then read how Ripa practices themoral and social qualities in her life and write it down in our copies.

The story of RipaRipa's family consists of her parents, younger sister, grandfather and many

more. Ripa is a very good girl. She not only respects the elders but also

loves her younger sister. She

gets along well with everybody.

She helps her family members in

doing various work. She carries

out other responsibilities of thefamily as well. She helps her

grandfather to take medicine.

She studies, plays and does other

work timely. She behaves very

well with the house attendants.

Not only that, she teaches them

whenever she gets time.

Ripa goes to school in time. She honours and respects her teachers. She

obeys their advice. She behaves well with her classmates and gets alongquite well with them. She always speaks the truth and tries to do good

deeds. She respects the guard,

aya and other people of her

school. She helps her

classmates in their studies.

She also helps them whenever

they are in trouble. She never

behaves rudely with anybody

in her school. She never takes

an y th in g f r o m an y b o d ywithout their permission. She

does not do anything or say

anything that may offend

Moral and Social Qualities

Ripa is helping her grandfather to take medicine

Ripa is giving salam to her teacher


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50

anybody. If somebody does

anything good, she appreciateshim right away. If she makes

any mistake, she apologises for

it.

Ripa and her family have a

good relationship with the

neighbours. She respects the

elders of her neighbourhood.

She plays with the friends of

her age. She does not offend

her neighbours. If any of her

neighbours faces any problem, she along with her parents helps them out.

Ripa's family invites the neighbours if they have any program in their

house. If any good food is cooked at their house, they send it to the

neighbour's house. They also follow the rules and regulations of the

neighbourhood. They neither say anything which may offend others nor

do anything that may cause inconvenience for others.

From Ripa's story, we have learnt a lot about different social and moral

qualities. These are good deeds. Therefore we have to attain these

qualities and practise them the way Ripa does. In that way, we all can

lead a peaceful life.

Let' s do good deeds an d a bstain fr om evil onesSometimes we do things intentionally or unintentionally which cause

inconvenience for others. Such as: when somebody is sleeping, we make a

loud noise or run radio or television at a very high volume. Sometimes we

take things from somebody without their permission. Sometimes we do not

do work timely. We scold others. Laugh at our classmates without any

reason. Sometimes we misbehave with the house attendants. Do harm to

others just for fun. These are simply evil actions. Sometimes this causesproblem and does harm to a lot of people. As a result the harmony of the

society is ruined. That is why we should not do these things. We should try to

do good deeds.


Ripa is going to neighbour's house with food


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We have learnt about the good and evil deed. Now let's identify which

deeds we should do and which we should not. We will put a tick besidethe deed that we should do and a cross that we should not do.

Misbehaving with house attendants

Helping a classmate with a pencil if she forgets to bring it

Helping all the members of the family as mush as possible

Offending others

Not helping a blind man while he crosses a road

Doing our own work ourselves

That's the way; we will identify good and bad deeds. Everyday we will

perform some good deeds and say 'no' to a bad one.

Let's read again1. As a member of the society, we have to attain a range of moral and

social qualities. Besides, we have to know the difference between

good and bad deeds.

2. Everyday we will have to do good deeds and abstain from bad ones.

Planned activities1. To present a l ist of social qual ities on the basis of the topic of the

chapter and our own experience and present it in the class in group.

2. To act out an event or a story based on social and moral qualities.


1.1 What is a good conduct of the members of the society called?

a. sense of responsibility b. social quality

c. sense of justice d. discipline

Moral and Social Qualities


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moral qualities

politeness

sense of justice

social qualities

we all are

52

1.2 Which one is a moral quality?

a. helping others who are in trouble b. getting along wellc. inviting others in a program d. truthfulness

1.3 Making a noise while somebody is sleeping is a-

a. good deed b. evil deed

c. social quality d. moral quality

1.4 What is the usefulness of social qualities?

a. brings peace in the society b. ruins harmony

c. teaches us to be selfish d. encourages to do bad work


a. The good ____________ of the members of the society are called

social qualities.

b. As human beings, we all should have _________________ qualities.

c. Social qualities retain peace and _________________ in the society.

d. Taking somebody's things without their permission is a ___________

evil deed.


a. Getting along well with

b. Refrains from evil deeds

c. Members of the society

d. Builds to be a good human


a. What are social qualities ? Give examples of two social qualities.

b. Why is it important for us to attain social qualities ?

c. What is the importance of moral qualities ?

d. According to Ripa's story, prepare a list of social and moral qualities.

e. Why should we not do evil deeds ?



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Chapter NineDevelopment Activities in the Locality

Some of us live in villages while others live in cities. Our dwelling placesand the places around it make a locality. The area where a person lives iscalled his own locality. In rural areas, our own locality means hamlet(para), village, ward and union whereas in the urban areas it meanshamlet (para), moholla and ward.

Own localities need to be developed for better living. Therefore,

necessary facilities should be available in our own localities. A developedrural area needs to have the following facilities -

A developed rural area

6. Some ponds

7. Arrangement of water irrigationin croplands

8. Arrangement of electricity

9. Educational institute

10. Religious institute

11. Hatbazar

12. Playground etc.

1. Roads, bridges, bamboo pathways(shako) / culverts for transportation

2. Tube well for safe drinking water

3. Sanitary toilet in every house

4. Few particular places for throwing

waste

5. Drainage and canal to get rid of

water stagnation


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For better living, urban areas need to have various facilities. Such as -

There are many localities where all the facilities are not available.

Suppose there are localities where there are not enough roads, bridges

and bamboo pathways (shako) / culverts which make the transportation

difficult for the people. Due to the absence of safe drinking water, people

are affected with diseases. Environment gets polluted if there is no

sanitary toilet. This spreads germs. Lack of canals, water gets stagnatedhere and there which affects the production of crops. This also increases

mosquitoes. Lack of dustbin and drain makes people's lives unhealthy.

Lack of playgrounds, parks deprives people from entertainment.

7. Street lights8. Educational institute

9. Religious institute

10. Bazar

11. Park

12. Playground etc.

1. Wide roads for movement2. Drains for the removal of waste

3. Dustbin for throwing waste

4. Arrangement of supply for safedrinking water

5. Arrangement of electricity

6. Arrangement of gas

A developed urban area


+RVSLWDO

Ban k


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Now we will write the facilities we have in our locality in the following chart.

For the development of the localities, facilities need to be set up. To set up

these facilities, we will tell the people of the localities. We will

communicate with the Chairman of Union Parishad or Ward Commissioner.

If roads, bridges, bamboo pathways (shako) / culverts etc are being made

in our localities, we will participate in that. Apart from these, we will

participate in other activities related to the development of our locality.There are some localities where broken roads, bridges, bamboo pathways

(shako) / culverts are there. Other facilities get damaged day by day.

Therefore these should be repaired and maintained properly.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.

Everybody is participating in the construction of a road

Development Activities in the Locality


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Now we will prepare a list of the facilities in the following chart which

are being damaged in our locality.

To sustain the development of our localities, these need to be repairedand maintained properly. We will build up awareness among the peopleof our localities on this issue. We will also participate in repairing the

facilities which are being damaged.

We will use the available resources of our localities with utmost care. Wewill also emphasize on the maintenance of everything. We will also

participate in cleaning the localities. We will plant trees to keep thelocalities beautiful. We will make gardens on the premises of our housesand schools. We will plant flower plants in flower pots. In this way, wewill make our localities into developed ones.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.

Everybody is participating in repairing a bridge



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Let's read again1. The locality where a person lives is called his own locality.2. For better living, we need to have necessary facilities in our own locality.

3. There are many localities where some of the facilities are not available.We all can set up these facilities together.

4. Some roads, bridges, bamboo pathways (shako) etc may damage in ourlocalities. We will take part to repair these.

5. We will build up awareness among the people to participate thedevelopment work of own locality.

6. We will plant trees and make flower garden to make beautiful our locality.

7. We will make our localities in to develop ours all together.

Planned activity1. Prepare a list of development activities of your locality. Write how you

will participate in these development activities.


1.1. What happens if there is no safe water in the locality?

a. diseases are spread out b. problems occur in bathing

c. hamper irrigation d. problems occur in washing cloths

1.2. What happens if there are no canals in the locality?

a. crisis of fish b. communication problem occurs

c. water stagnation is created d. crisis of drinking water

1.3. Which one is mostly needed for developed environment in towns?

a. tree b. canal

c. river d. drain1.4. What is needed for safe water in the village areas?

a. pond b. river

c. canal d. tube well

Development Activities in the Locality


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we will use with great care

we will participate

we will make flower garden

is called his own locality.

mosquitoes increase

58

2. Fill in the blank with appropriate word.

a. For better living, our own locality needs to be _________________.b. Men are deprived of getting _________________ for lack of play

grounds, parks.

c. We will _________________ in all development activities in our

own locality.

d. We all will make our own locality a _________________ one.

3. Match the words from left side with those of right side

a. The place where a person lives

b. If there is water stagnation

c. All resources of a locality should be

d. In cleanliness of the locality

4. Answer to the following questions.

a. What is our own locality meant in rural area ?

b. What is our own locality meant in urban area ?

c. Mention five facilities that a developed area of a village should have.

d. Mention five facilities that a developed area of a town should have.e. Mention three problems that may arise if adequate facilities are not

available in a locality.

f. What can we do to set up the facilities in our own locality ?

g. What will we do to keep our own locality beautiful ?



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Chapter TenDisaster and Disaster Management

We have learnt that a number of reasons are responsible for environmental

pollut ion on earth. We have also discussed the reasons and impacts of

environmental pollution in Bangladesh. There have been harmful effects all

over the world due to environmental pol lution. Quite often numerous

disasters occur as a result of environmental pollution. So now we will learn

about these d isas te rs and the ir causes. In many count ri es inc luding

Bangladesh various disasters happen. Generally flood, cyclone, tidal wave,

these sort of disasters take place for natural reasons. Besides man created

environmental pollution may also enhance the possibility of these disasters.

For an example-cutting down trees causes pollution in the environment.

And if there are not enough trees, people are affected more during storm

and flood. Therefore disasters can be divided into categories. Such as -

1. Natural2. Man-made

Let's write down the major disasters of Bangladesh in the following chart.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Now we will know about some of the disasters of Bangladesh.

FloodA great overflow of water during the rainy season that causes harm to

man, animals and buildings is called flood. Usually flood takes place

from Ashar to Ashwin. Flood is a major disaster of Bangladesh. Since


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1987, Bangladesh has experienced quite a few devastating floods. These

dreadful floods occurred in 1987, 1988, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007which caused a huge loss to the people of almost all the districts of the

country. Crops, animals, fish, plants, roads, educational institutes

everything was affected. People had to suffer a lot as the buildings were

flooded. Then all the people had to go to higher places. Some were

forced to take refuge in flood shelters, some were in the streets. Some

were even in the schools.

Flood affects the education of the children of many rural and urban areas

of Bangladesh. As a lot of roads are under water, children cannot go to

school. Besides, plenty of schools remain closed as people take shelter

there. Books, khata of children are damaged when their homes are underwater. As a result, they cannot study at all. During the flood, the children

move with their families to other places.

During the flood, it becomes quite difficult to find food or pure drinkingwater. People excrete here and there. Then people suffer from manydiseases. After the flood, it takes almost a month or two to put things inorder. That's why flood is harmful for us.

A picture of flood



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Causes of floodGeographical location of Bangladesh, excessive rainfall and naturalreasons cause floods. At the same time, m an can also enhance the

intensity of flood by cutting down trees or building roads, houses and

dams here and there. Water body stagnation is formed when the level of

rain water goes up. As a result of this, flood water cannot drain out easily.

Dealing with floodIn Bangladesh, flood occurs due to geographical, natural and man made

reasons. Flood cannot be controlled always. But we can take some

preparation so that we can deal with it. Such as -

We need to keep ourselves up to date regarding weather through radio,

television and newspaper.

We have to talk to our parents, teachers, friends and others about

flood.

We should dig a bamboo or a stick in the nearby river or lake so that

we can identify if the water level has increased or not.

If the water level increases very quickly, we should take preparation

so that we can move to a flood shelter or in a safe place.

Along with parents and family members, we will take pre and postflood preparation.

We need to take care of our own books, usable things so that these do

not soak in water.

To deal with this disaster, we need to be brave as well as patient.

Prior to flood, we will preserve dried food, pure drinking water.

We shall always try to be in safety.

CycloneCyclone is one of the major disasters in Bangladesh. Generally during therainy season, low pressure is formed over the sea. Usually cyclones take

place in the regions which are close to sea. The cyclone prone regions of

Bangladesh are shown in the map.

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Wherever Cyclone occurs, it causes a lot of damage to our properties,

dwellings, roads, trees. Strong wind of cyclone blows away or destroys

everything. Just a year before the independence of Bangladesh in 1970,

one of the deadliest cyclones took place. Afterwards two more

devastating cyclones occurred in 1991 and 2007 respectively.


Dhaka

89 90

9089 91 92

21

22

23

24

25

26

22

23

24

26

25

21

Jhinaidah

Bagerhat

Jessore

Netrokona

Bandarban

Jhalakathi

Barguna

NoakhaliBarisal

Khagrachari

Nilphamari

Cox's Bazar

Chittagong

Chittagong Division : Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Lakshmipur, Feni, Noakhali

Khulna Division : Khulna, Satkhira and Bagerhat

Barisal Division : Barisal, Bhola, Perojpur, Jhalakathi, Barguna and Patuakhali

Bhola

Patuakhali

Perojpur

Brahmanbaria

Chandpur

Cumilla

FeniLakshmipur

Rangamati

Gazipur

Faridpur

Gopalganj

Jamalpur

Sherpur

Kishoreganj

Madaripur

Manikganj

Munshiganj

Mymensingh

Narayanganj

Habiganj

Narsingdi

Rajbari

Shariatpur

Tangail

Chuadanga

Khulna

Kushtia

Magura

Meherpur

Narail

Satkhira

BograNaogaon

Nawabganj

Sirajganj

Pabna

NatoreRajshahi

Dinajpur

Gaibandha

Kurigram

Lalmonirhat

Panchagarh

Rangpur

Thakurgaon

Maulvibazar

SunamganjSylhet

Joypurhat

I n d i a (West Bengal)

I n d i a(Assam)

I n d i a(Assam)

I n d i a(Tripura) In

dia

(Mi zo

ram)

I n d i a (Meghalaya)

India(WestBengal)

10 5 0 10 20 30 Miles

10 5 0 10 20 30 40 K.M.

B A Y O F B E N G L E Myanm

ar

The cyclone pr one regions ofBangladesh

High cyclone prone area

Low cyclone prone area

Scarce cyclone prone area

Symbols


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Picture of Cyclone

Cyclones are caused naturally. This causes us a lot of loss. If strong wind

blows in an area crowded with plenty of trees, cyclone cannot damage

much to men and their dwelling as the trees block the wind to impact.But nowadays as the trees are cut down, whenever wind blows just a little

stronger, it surges away the dwellings of men and thus causes a lot of

casualty.

If the Cyclone is a deadly one, the waves turn into massive ones and

flood away the dwellings of men, animals and roads. This is called tidal

wave. And this tidal wave can be up to 45 feet high.

Dealing with CycloneThose who live in cyclone prone regions, at times they are warned

through signals. For example - local warning signal 1 to great dangersignal 10. Signals of various numbers are used to warn people. Besides

those who go to sea for fishing are also warned

bangladesh and global studies-iv-1

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