Bandwidth Constrained Energy Efficient Transmission Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Jain-Shing LIU and Chun-Hung Richard LIN ,NonmembersIEICE TRANS. COMMUN.,VOL.E86-B,NO.10 OCTOBER

2003 SPEAKER: Hsu-Jui Chang

Outline Introduction Power-Efficiency Clustering Method

Dynamic Transmission Range Control Protocol (DTRCP)

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP) Power Limit Constraint Performance Evaluation Conclusion

Introduction (1/6) Sensor ：

Capability of programming computing, multiple parameter sensing, wireless communication

Composition of sensor node CPU and memory Power (battery) Wireless communication device Sensor

Introduction (2/6) Design an effective multi-hop communicati

on architecture and protocol maximizing point-to-point throughput minimizing network delay

Power-conserving design in ad hoc wireless networks low-power I/O devices efficient algorithms

Introduction (3/6)

Power-consumption problems Allow the power to the nodes “on”

during their entire lifetime Allow these nodes to become hotspots

Alleviate these problems minimum energy routing saves power

by adopting paths distributing energy consumption

Introduction (4/6)

Routing protocols that concern minimizing the total transmit energy maximizing the network lifetime

The clustering method has investigated enhance network manageability channel efficiency provide routing or multicasting scalability

Introduction (5/6)

One drawback of cluster Cluster-heads are communication

centers by default Heavily utilized and the battery power

is drained quickly Power-Efficiency Clustering Method

(PECM)

Introduction (6/6)-abstract

Power-Efficiency Clustering Method Dynamic Transmission Range Control

Protocol (DTRCP) Transmission Range Expanse and Neighborhood

Establishment Transmission Range Shrink and Neighborhood

Denial Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP)

Partitioning stage Choosing stage Hierarchy clustering stage

Power Limit Constraint

Dynamic Transmission Range Control Protocol (DTRCP)

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP)-Partitioning stage

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP)-choosing stage

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP)-hierarchy clustering stage

Power-Efficiency Clustering Method

Power-Efficiency Clustering Method (1/2)

Designed to dynamically change the role of coordinator in a cluster

Balance the power consumption under the whole network ground

Cluster without backlogs are allowed to be “sleeping” for further power conserving

Power-Efficiency Clustering Method (2/2) Dynamic Transmission Range Control

Protocol (DTRCP) Dynamically change the transmission range

of each node Keep its neighbors nearly constant regardless

of the node distribution Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP)

Minimize the global energy usage of a network

Distributes the traffic load to all the nodes

Power-Efficiency Clustering Method

Dynamic Transmission Range Control Protocol (DTRCP)

Transmission Range Expanse and Neighborhood Establishment

Transmission Range Shrink and Neighborhood Denial

Dynamic Transmission Range Control Protocol (DTRCP)

Transmission Range Expanse and Neighborhood Establishment (1/2)

Ni<Dl

Ti

Event:

i

Ti+ΔR

Transmission Range Expanse and Neighborhood Establishment (1/2)

Ni<Dl

Event:

i

Ti+ΔR

Reqi

Transmission Range Expanse and Neighborhood Establishment (1/2)

Reqi

Ackj

i j

Event:

Ni<Dl

Event: Nj<Dh

MTjI

K

NTjnode Statu

s

M

L

I REQ

k

update

NTinode Statu

s

A

BJ ACK

Transmission Range Expanse and Neighborhood Establishment (1/2)

ACKi

i j

Event:

Ni<Dl

Event: Nj<Dh

MTjI

K

NTjnode Statu

s

M

L

I ACK

k

update

NTinode Statu

s

A

BJ ACK

Transmission Range Expanse and Neighborhood Establishment (2/2)

Two sub-cases that need to be considered Node I is satisfied, and no more further R

eqi are sent No one to successfully respond to i’s re

quest until the maximum transmission range, MAX

RANGE, is reached

Transmission Range Shrink and Neighborhood Denial

Two situations to shrink A node i has Ni larger than Dl i has Ni larger than Dh

Its distances to all neighbors are estimated and sorted in NTi

Given an infinite large value-INF, to make a denial to all neighbors

Power-Efficiency Clustering Method Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP)

Partitioning stage Choosing stage Hierarchy clustering stage

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP) (1/5)

Initial phase Partitioning stage:

Every node i maintains a triplet: A unique identification ID(i) A cluster identification CID(i) to which i belongs Remaining battery power, Crp(i)

The clustering method LEACH the coordinator eligibility rule in Span

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP) (2/5)

Choosing stage: All member send Crp(i) to its cluster head The cluster head chooses the node with the

maximum power as the new cluster-head Broadcasts the decision to its members

Hierarchy clustering stage: Construct a higher-level cluster Each node by default can directly communic

ate with each other with varying transmission range

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP) (3/5)

Re-Clustering Phase When a cluster cycle is over, a

cluster-head switches its role back to a node with the most residual power

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP) (4/5)

Clustering method is suggested to work for static sensor networks

Extensions to dynamic networks Nodes can change location Nodes can be removed Nodes can be added

Cluster Head Election Protocol (CHEP) (5/5) The topology is changed, the

maintenance scheme is carried out The procedure of selecting new

cluster-heads is followed The initial phase can still handle this

case to produce new cluster-heads The suit environment is static or

dynamic

Power Limit Constraint

Power Limit Constraint (1/8)

The combining of the benefits of minimizing the power consumption in a path with that of maximizing residual power in a node

Power Limit Constraint (2/8) Radio Model

Short distances the propagation loss is modeled as inversely

proportional to d2

Long distances the propagation loss is modeled as inversely

proportional to d4

Power Limit Constraint (3/8) To transmit a k-bit packet a distance d, the

radio expends the following energy:

the electronics energy before it is sent to the transmit amplifier

the transmit amplifier to give a reasonable signal to noise ratio (SNR)

Power Limit Constraint (4/8)

Redirect One or more intermediate nodes

called “redirectors” can be elected to forward packets

Inadvertently overusing

Power Limit Constraint (5/8)

Firstly Decide whether an overhearing node

can re-direct for an existing path or not

Secondly The extended PECM utilizes

bandwidth restriction to allow a redirected path

Power Limit Constraint (6/8) Source i transmits data to destination

k through a redirector j

restrict the area between two communicating nodes where a potential redirector can be selected from

Power Limit Constraint (7/8) Power-limit constraint

δ is the inter/intra parameter.

Two-layer redirection strategyInter-cluster redirectionIntra-cluster redirection

Power Limit Constraint (8/8)

Performance Evaluation

Performance Evaluation (1/6)

Performance Evaluation (2/6)

Performance Evaluation (3/6)

Performance Evaluation (4/6)

Performance Evaluation (5/6)

Performance Evaluation (6/6)

Conclusion Provide a re-clustering scheme and a

power-limit constraint on redirection into cluster based power-efficiency sensor wireless networks

Conventional clustering methods by requiring Highest energy node should be a cluster-head

at different cycles of time A node with power higher than its source, to

be a redirector