balance equalizing visual forces, or elements, in a work of art. if a work has visual balance, the...
TRANSCRIPT
The Principles of Design
Balance
Equalizing visual forces, or elements, in a work of art. If a work has visual balance, the viewer feels that the elements have been arranged in a satisfying way.
Symmetry
Equal on both sides
Asymmetry
Unequal on both sides – adds visual appeal
Radial Balance
Rotates around a radius
Approximate Symmetry
Paintings can be close to symmetrical and still be balanced – the result is a more interesting work.
Repetition
Technique for creating rhythm and unity in which a small idea or single element appears again and again.
Click icon to add picture
Rhythm
Click icon to add pictureIndicates movement by the repetition of elements or objects. Visual rhythm is perceived through the eyes and is created by repeating positive spaces separated by negative spaces.
Pattern
Click icon to add pictureRefers to a two-dimensional decorative visual repetition. A pattern has little or no movement and may or may not have a rhythm.
Types of Rhythm & Pattern
Motif repeated in no apparent pattern, with no regular spaces.
Random
Identical beats or motifs with equal amounts of space between them.
Regular
Add a second beat or motifChange spaces between beats or
motifs
Alternating
Repeating wavy lines
Flowing
ProgressiveChange in the
beat each time it is repeated – a steady change with the beat different each time it appears
Contrast
Click icon to add pictureTechnique for creating a focal point by using differences in elements.
Movement
Click icon to add pictureCreate the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eyes throughout the work of art.
Emphasis
Click icon to add pictureMakes one part of a work dominant over the other parts.
Emphasis Cont.
Focal point – The first part of a work that attracts your eye
Harmony – Creating unity by stressing the similarities of separate but related parts
Proportion
Click icon to add pictureConcerned with the size relationships of one part to another.
Proportion Cont.
Artists can also use exaggeration, distortion and scale
Variety
Using many different elements or ideas to create interest
Transition – moves the eye from one part to another
Gradation – shading of colors that create a sense of space or distance
Unity
The principle of design associated with the arrangement of the elements of art to create a coherent whole – Combination of similar colors, lines, shapes, etc.
Types of Perspective
Aerial perspective
Technique of creating an illusion of depth by depicting distant objects as paler, less detailed, and (usually) bluer than near objects.
Frans Koppelaar Landscape near
Bologna
One Point
One vanishing point is typically used for roads, railroad tracks, or buildings viewed so that the front is directly facing the viewer.
Two-point
Used to draw the same objects as one-point perspective, rotated with two vanishing points – looking at the corner of a house, or looking at two forked roads shrink into the distance
Three-point
Usually used for buildings seen from above or below using three vanishing points. This third vanishing point will be below the ground or in the sky above.
MEDIA PROCESS
Materials used to create art.
These are not the tools.
The way the artist uses a certain medium to create art.
Can refer to tools or methods
Processes & Media
TWO DIMENSIONAL THREE DIMENSIONAL
Applying thin media to a flat surface.
Has only height and width.
Using sculpt-able materials to create objects with height, width, and depth.
DIMENSIONS
Two Dimensional Media & Processes
Media
Processes
• Paint• Fabric• Yarn• Paper• Ink• Pastel• Fiber• Photography• Computer-Generated
• Drawing• Painting• Fiber Art• Printmaking• Photography
Three Dimensional Media & Processes
Media
Processes
• Clay• Wood• Glass• Metal• Stone• Plaster
• Textiles• Fiber Art• Ceramics• Sculpture• Architecture
REPRESENTATIONALNONREPRESENTATIONAL
Landscape Portrait Still Life
Abstract Non-objective
Subject Matter
Art Criticism
Georges Seurat(1884-1886) A Sunday on La Grande JatteOil on canvas207.5 × 308.1 cm (81.7 × 121.3 in)
Art CriticismGeorges Seurat (1884-1886) A Sunday on La Grande JatteOil on canvas207.5 × 308.1 cm (81.7 × 121.3 in) Step 1 - Description
• Title/artist/date/size/media/process/where (if known)
• Subject/objects• Any info that you may know
about the artist
Step 1 - Description• The painting shows a group of
people standing around a beach or lake. The clothes that the people are wearing are an older style. The skirts the women are wearing are large, and some of the men are wearing top hats. A man is sitting on the front left side wearing a baseball hat and a sleeveless shirt. There is a woman and a man on the right side, who are standing in the shade, with some animals around them, including a dog. There are a number of people sitting around and looking at the water. Some of the women have umbrellas, although it is not raining. Some of the people are in the shade.
Art CriticismGeorges Seurat (1884-1886) A Sunday on La Grande JatteOil on canvas207.5 × 308.1 cm (81.7 × 121.3 in) Step 2 - Analysis
• Based upon the MAIN elements/principles used – not all of them
• Give a description of how those elements/principles are being used.
• Give insight on why you think the artist used them in the manner you described above
Step 2 - Analysis• The painting shows a contrast of
light and dark colors. The artist creates space by having the beach and people go back in the painting. There are no real lines in the painting because it is painted in a pointillist style. The artist shows texture in the dresses and on the grass.
• The artist uses different color values for the clothes and on the grass to show the difference between the shaded area and sunny area. The painting shows a realistic scene.
Art CriticismGeorges Seurat (1884-1886) A Sunday on La Grande JatteOil on canvas207.5 × 308.1 cm (81.7 × 121.3 in) Step 3 - Interpretation
• Describe what you think is the mood and/or meaning (both would be best, but only one, if well stated, will suffice)
Step 3 - Interpretation• I think that the painting is
about people gathering around outside on a nice day and looking at the water. Maybe they are all there on a weekend day. There are lots of people in the picture, some are sitting down and maybe having a picnic. There are some boats in the distance on the water and maybe the they are watching a boat race.
Art CriticismGeorges Seurat (1884-1886) A Sunday on La Grande JatteOil on canvas207.5 × 308.1 cm (81.7 × 121.3 in) Step 4 - Judgement
• Give your opinion based on the three qualities of aesthetics (the nature and appreciation of beauty)
1. Literal – basically can you tell what it is and are objects “correctly” represented
2. Formal – are the elements/principles you’ve discussed used well
3. Emotional – are you satisfied with the emotional response you have to the art
Step 4 - Judgment• I think that this is a good
painting because the artist uses a different style to create the image and uses a lot of different colors. The contrast between the shaded area and the light area shows that it is a sunny day. The artist uses different colors and values, and creates a unique texture through his style of painting.
Summary
Remember your 5-6 sentence summary (since this was a lot of notes and ideas)
Practice Art Criticism
As a group (your row) you will need one sheet of paper
You will be assigned an image to criticize
For your image, use a device to look it up and go through each step of the criticism process and give detailed reflections – you will have 20 minutes
You will present your responses and turn in the paper, so do a complete job as it is a graded activity
Art samples
1. Edouard Manet – The Battle of the Kearsarge and the Alabama
2. Gustave Courbet – Le Désespéré3. Johannes Vermeer – The Milkmade4. Leonardo da Vinci – The Virgin and Child with St
Anne and St John the Baptist5. Pablo Picasso – Les Demoiselles d'Avignon6. Vincent Van Gogh – Bedroom in Arles7. Andy Warhol – Campbell’s Soup 18. Camille Pissaro – La Récolte des Foins, Eragny
Edouard Manet – The Battle of the Kearsarge and the Alabama
Gustave Courbet – Le Désespéré
Johannes Vermeer – The Milkmade
Leonardo da Vinci – The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist
Pablo Picasso – Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Vincent Van Gogh – Bedroom in Arles
Andy Warhol – Campbell’s Soup 1
Camille Pissaro – La Récolte des Foins, Eragny
My Favorite Artist again!!!
Just to review…the ten principles of design Balance Repetition Pattern Contrast Rhythm Movement Emphasis Proportion Variety Unity
John Constable, View on the Stour Near Dedham, 1822. Oil on canvas, 51 x 74 inches
Review: Explain what would be the primary purpose of each
A B
Get out a Highlighter
ELEMENTS
1. Line2. Shape3. Form4. Space5. Texture 6. Value7. Color
PRINCIPLES
1. Balance2. Repetition3. Pattern4. Contrast5. Rhythm6. Movement7. Emphasis8. Proportion9. Variety10. Unity
Art criticism outlining• Description
– Title– Artist– Date– Size– Media/process– Subject/objects– Extra artist/genre info (if you have any)
• Analysis– Describe how you see elements/principles used (not necessarily all of each)– Describe why you think they are used that way
• Interpretation– What is the mood/meaning– Why do you feel that way
• Judgment– Literal – do you like how the subject/objects are shown?
• Why?– Formal – do you like how the elements/principles from step 2 are used?
• Why?– Emotional - do you like the mood/meaning from step 3?
• Why?
Follow all steps and be descriptive:
Claude MonetFlowering Garden at
Sainte-Adressec. 1866
Oil on canvas65 × 54 cm