week2 visual elements part2

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Major Types of Space 2D The picture plane is the flat surface of a two-dimensional work. The space or depth is implied - artists use many devices to give the illusion of depth: Decorative Space • Stressing the 2D nature of an artwork or any of its elements Plastic Space The use of the elements to create the illusion of 3D on a 2D surface • Perspective Three Dimensional Space (actual space)

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Page 1: Week2 Visual Elements Part2

Major Types of Space

• 2D– The picture plane is the flat surface of a two-

dimensional work. The space or depth is implied - artists use many devices to give the illusion of depth:

– Decorative Space• Stressing the 2D nature of an artwork or any of its elements

– Plastic Space The use of the elements to create the illusion of 3D on a 2D surface

• Perspective

• Three Dimensional Space (actual space)

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Maharana Amar Singh II, Prince Sangram Singh…c. 1705-08.

Implied Space

Two dimensional space has only height and width. There exists the picture plane and the illusion of the negative (ground) and positive (figure) space.

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Types of Depth

– Position-Placing an object higher on the page makes it appear farther back then objects placed lower on the page.

– Overlapping-When an object overlaps another object it appears closer to the viewer, and the object behind the object appears farther away.

– Size Variation-Smaller objects look farther away in the distance. Larger objects look closer.

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More Spatial Indicators• Color-Bright colors look like they are closer to you and neutral

colors look like they are farther away.

• Value-Lighter values look like they are farther back and darker value look like they are closer.

• Sharp or Diminishing Detail• Transparency• Interpenetration• Warm and cool color contrasts• Converging Parallels (Perspective)

– Linear Perspective or Isometric Perspective– Atmospheric Perspective

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Rachel Whiteread

Negative space

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Rachel Whiteread

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Rachel Whiteread, Ghost, 1990

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Degrees of implied depth

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Shallow Space

• The illusion of limited depth. With shallow space, the imagery appears to move only a slight distance back from the picture plane

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Maharana Amar Singh II, Prince Sangram Singh…c. 1705-08.

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Chris Johanson

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Henry Darger

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Chris Ware from “Quimby the Mouse”

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KARA WALKER

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Atmospheric Perspective

• The illusion of deep space produced in 2D works by lightening values, softening details and textures, reducing value contrasts, and neutralizing colors in objects as they recede

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HUANG GONGWANG, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains, Yuan dynasty, 1347-1350. Section of a handscroll, ink on paper, 1' 7/8" x 20' 9". National Palace Museum, Taibei.

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LEONARDO DA VINCI, Mona Lisa, ca. 1503–1505. Oil on wood, approx. 2’ 6” x 1’ 9”. Louvre, Paris.

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Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840“Easter Morning”

Date1830-5Oil on canvas17 1/4x13 5/8"

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JACOB VAN RUISDAEL, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen, ca. 1670. Oil on canvas, approx. 1’ 10” x 2’ 1”.

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"A Storm in the Rocky Mountains, Mt. Rosalie" - by Albert Bierstadt, 1866

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Deep and Infinite Space

• Pictorial space in which the picture frame acts as a window which objects can be seen receding endlessly

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Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo

(Volpedo 1868 - 1907)

“Il sole” (The Sun), 1904

Oil on Canvas,

150x150 cm

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James McNeill Whistler, Nocturne: Blue and Silver—Battersea Reach, 1872–78, Oil on canvas

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MARK ROTHKO, No. 14, 1961 Oil on canvas, 9’ 6” x 8’ 9”.

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Kasimir Malevich, Suprematist Composition: White on White, 1918

“The free white abyss, infinity are before us all”

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Robert Ryman, Surface Veil I, 1970. Oil and blue chalk

on linen, 143 15/16 x 144 inches

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“White is tamed light: the dynamic of our contemplation.”

-Murilo Mendes

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Perspective

• Any graphic system used in creating the illusion of 3D images and/or spatial relationships on a 2D surface.

• Atmospheric, Linear, and Infinite

• Vanishing Point = the point in a perspective drawing to which parallel lines appear to converge

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Vanishing Point, 1971

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One Point

Two Point

Three Point

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Edward Burtynsky

Manufacturing #18,Cankun Factory, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 2005

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Practice Perspective:

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Vanishing Points

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Draw a vertical line anywhere – perpendicular to the horizon

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William Kentridge

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Draw a vertical line anywhere – perpendicular to the horizon

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Michael Boremans

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CIMABUE, Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets, ca. 1280–1290. Tempera on wood, 12’ 7” x 7’ 4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

Perspective prior to the Renaissance

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Duccio, Christ Entering Jerusalem, detail of Maesta Alter, 1308-11, Tempra on Panel, 40x21”

Perspective prior to the Renaissance

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MASACCIO, Holy Trinity, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy, ca. 1428. Fresco, 21’ x 10’ 5”.

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DIRK BOUTS, Last Supper (central panel of the Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament), Saint

Peter’s, Louvain, Belgium, 1464–1468. Oil on wood,

approx. 6’ x 5’.

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PERUGINO, Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter, Sistine

Chapel, Vatican, Rome, Italy, 1481–1483. Fresco, 11’ 5 1/2” x 18’ 8 1/2”.

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Pere Borrell del CasoEscaping Criticism, 1874

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Isometric Projection

• A technical drawing system in which a 3D object is presented two-dimensionally; starting with the nearest vertical edge, the horizontal edges of the object are drawn at a 30 degree angle and all verticals are projected perpendicularly from a horizontal base

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Selim II receiving the Safavid ambassador in the palace at Edirne in 1567.Nehzetu'l-Ahbar der Sefer-i SigetvarNakkas Osman 1568.Hazine. 1339, folio 247b

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From the Procession of the Guilds: the Procession of Makers of Bath-towels, Sur-nama ('Book of Festivities')., Istanbul, 1582. Hazine 1344, folios 338b-39a

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During the 20th century, _______ and _______ were added to the visual elements used by artists.

A) rough and soft

B) time and motion

C) outline and contour

D) color and value

E) shape and mass

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Art that physically moves, as Alexander Calder's mobiles do, are called ______ art. – A) kinetic – B) time-and-space – C) sequential – D) value – E) perspective

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Tim Hawkinson

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Claude Monet, Haystacks 1890-1891

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GIACOMO BALLA, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912. Oil on canvas, 2’ 11 3/8” x 3’ 7 1/4”. Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York

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Giacomo Balla, Swifts Paths of Movement – Dynamic Sequences

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Umberto Boccioni. States of Mind: The Farewells. 1911. Oil on canvas. 70. x 96cm.

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MARCEL DUCHAMP, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, 1912. Oil on canvas, approx. 4’

10 “x 2’ 11”. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia

EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE, Nude Descending Stairs, 1884

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UMBERTO BOCCIONI, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913 (cast 1931). Bronze, 3’ 7

7/8” high x 2’ 10 7/8” x 1’ 3 3/4”. Museum of Modern Art, New

York

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Nam June Paik, Zen for TV

1963, 1976 versionmanipulated vintage television and components 19 x 22 1/2 x 18 in. (48.3 x 57.2 x 45.7 cm) Smithsonian American Art Museum

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Jeremy Blake

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• Texture: surface quality (Actual or Visual, implied)• Impasto• Pattern (regular repetition)

• Space: 2 & 3-dimensional (height, width &/or depth)(Actual or Implied)

• Positive/negative; figure/ground• Overlapping; foreground/background• Position • Linear & isometric perspective• Atmospheric perspective & chiaroscuro• Foreshortening

• Time & motion: elapsed, implied, Kinetic

Chapter Four-B

Design Elements

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