“Back Home”12.4

Back HomeBack Home• Funding the warFunding the war

– Liberty BondsLiberty Bonds$20 billion raised$20 billion raised

» Lent money to the AlliesLent money to the Allies

Herbert Hoover’s roleHerbert Hoover’s role• Price ControlsPrice Controls• RationingRationing

– ““Food will win the war.”Food will win the war.”– Daylight savings timeDaylight savings time

Liberty Bonds

War Trade Board

• Licenses trade with foreign countries• Punishes companies suspected of dealing

with the enemy.

War Industries Board

• Regulates the production of war goods

War Labor Board

• Settled labor disputes that might interfere with the war effort

• Very anti-union– Supported by Samuel

Gompers

Back HomeBack Home• Espionage ActEspionage Act

–Illegal to interfere with draftIllegal to interfere with draft

• Sedition ActSedition Act–Illegal to obstruct sale of LB’sIllegal to obstruct sale of LB’s

–Illegal to say anything bad about Illegal to say anything bad about the USAthe USA

Sedition – Sedition – Political RadicalsPolitical Radicals

• Eugene DebsEugene Debs– 10-year jail 10-year jail

sentence for sentence for criticizing the criticizing the governmentgovernment

• NewspapersNewspapers– Mailing rights of Mailing rights of

45 were revoked 45 were revoked within 1 yearwithin 1 year

Alien Act

• Imposed a Literacy test for immigrants • Passed over Wilson’s veto

Effects of the war…

• Women– Women find work in war related industries– The war seemed to bring about major social change

African and Mexican Americans

• Found Work in war related industries

• Companies that had once refused to hire minorities now actively recruited them for work

Immigration• WWI virtually stopped the flow of immigrants

from Europe

Peace at Home12.5

What does President Wilson Want?• “The world to be

made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression”

He wants a LASTING PEACE and INTERNATIONAL STABILITY.

• Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the UK, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and President Woodrow Wilson

What is Wilson’s Plan?• Fourteen Points

– Removal of trade barriers– Reduction of military forces– Self determination of ethnic groups– A permanent agency to settle disputes

14 Points14 Points• This was This was

Wilson’s Wilson’s plan.plan.

• Contains plan Contains plan for thefor theLeague of League of NationsNations

ReparationsReparations• Other Allies Other Allies

demanded demanded reparations reparations from Germany.from Germany.–““War guilt” left War guilt” left

many bittermany bitter

• Germans Germans initially refuse initially refuse to sign the to sign the Treaty of Treaty of VersaillesVersailles–France France

threatens themthreatens them

The “Irreconcilables”• Some Senators

were opposed to the plan because it involved the US in the League of Nations (Article 10)

• They favor an isolationist policy

The “Irreconcilables”

Wilson’s CrusadeWilson’s Crusade• Wilson needs Wilson needs

approval of approval of Congress Congress DIFFICULTDIFFICULT

• US tourUS tour

– 36 speeches in 3 36 speeches in 3 weeksweeks

– Stroke & Stroke & paralysisparalysis

US Ends WarUS Ends War• Congress rejected the Treaty Congress rejected the Treaty

of Versaillesof Versailles

• Separate peace w/ Germany Separate peace w/ Germany after Wilson leaves officeafter Wilson leaves office(1921)(1921)

–Never joined League of NationsNever joined League of Nations

Postwar Adjustments

• Britain has spent much of its wealth on the war

• The US is now the worlds largest creditor nation

• Despite its new power, we turn away from world power and return to an ISOLATIONIST foreign policy

The soldiers return…• There was no plan

to return soldiers to society

• Jobs proved scarce

• Women and minorities were let go

• Black soldiers returned to Jim Crow America

• “We all started out with high ideals…After being right up here at the front line…I cannot understand what it is all about or what has been accomplished by all this waste of youth.”

Postwar Gloom - Some Americans felt disillusioned that the war ended an era of progress and optimism