SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

Bachelor of Science in PCM

SINGHANIA UNIVERSITY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PCM

SYLLABUS

F.Y.B.Sc.

Compulsory English

Term-I Term-II

Prose- 1, 2, 3, 4 Prose- 5, 6, 7, 8

Poetry- 9, 10, 11 Poetry- 12, 13, 14

Grammar- 1, 2, 3 Grammar- 4, 5

Communication Skills- 1,2,3,4,5 Communication Skills- 6,7,8,9,10

Prose1. An Astrologer’s Day - R.K Narayan

2. Our Urgent Need of Self-esteem - Nathaniel Branden

3. The Gift of Magi - O’ Henry

4. Karma - Khushwant Singh

5. Tryst with Destiny - Jawaharlal Nehru

6. Youth and the Tasks Ahead - Karan Singh

7. Prospects of Democracy in India - B. R. Ambedkar

8. The Eyes are not Here - Ruskin Bond

Poetry9. A Red, Red Rose - Robert Burns

10. Where the Mind is without Fear - Rabindranath Tagore

11. If You Call Me - Sarojini Naidu

12. Upon Westminster Bridge - William Wordsworth

13. An old Woman - Arun Kolatkar

14. Success is Counted Sweetest - Emily Dickinson

Grammar and Communication SkillsGrammar :

1. Articles2. Prepositions

FIRST YEAR

3. Verbs :

3.1 Regular and Irregular Verbs

3.2 Auxiliaries (Primary and Modal)

4. Tenses :

4.1 Present tense:

A) Simple present, B) Present progressive, C) Present perfect, D) Presentperfect progressive.

4.2 Past tense:

A) Simple past, B) Past progressive, C) Past perfect, D) Past perfect pro-gressive

4.3 Future tense :

A) Simple future, B) future progressive, C) Future perfect, D) Future perfectprogressive

5. Subject-Verb Agreement (Concord)

Communication skills:

1. Taking Leave

2. Introducing Yourself

3. Introducing People to One Another

4. Making Requests and Asking for Directions

5. Making and Accepting an Apology

6. Inviting and Accepting/Declining an Invitation

7. Making a Complaint

8. Congratulating, Expressing Sympathy and Offering Condolences

9. Making Suggestions, Offering Advice and Persuading

10. Expressing Agreement/Disagreement and Seeking Clarification

F. Y. B. Sc. (Paper - I) Mechanics, Heat and Thermodynamics

Unit No. Topic

1 Newton’s laws of motion :1.1 Newton’s First and Second Law and their explanation

1.2 Working with Newton’s First and Second Law

1.3 Newton’s Third Law of motion and its explanation

1.4 Various types of forces in nature (explanation) and concept

of field

1.5 Frame of reference (Inertial, Non-inertial)

1.6 Pseudo Forces (e.g. Centrifugal Force)

2 Work and Energy :2.1 Kinetic Energy

2.2 Work and Work-Energy Theorem

2.3 Calculation of Work done with

i) Constant Force ii) Variable Force

iii) Illustration

2.4 Conservative and Non-conservative Forces

2.5 Potential energy and conservation of Mechanical energy

2.6 Change in potential energy in rigid body motion Mass-energy

equivalence

3 Elasticity : 3.1 Hook’s law and coefficient of elasticity

3.2 Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus and Modulus of rigidity

3.3 Work done during longitudinal strain, volume strain, and shearing

strain

3.4 Poisson’s ratio

3.5 Relation between three elastic moduli (Y, , K)

3.6 Determination of Y of rectangular thin bar loaded at the

centre

3.7 Torsional oscillations

4 Surface Tension :4.1 Surface Tension, Angle of Contact, Capillary Rise Method

4.2 Rise of liquid in a conical capillary tube

4.3 Energy required to raise a liquid in capillary tube

Syllabus

4.4 Factors affecting surface tension

4.5 Jeager’s Method for Determination of surface tension

4.6 Applications of Surface Tension

5 Viscosity and Fluid Mechanics :5.1 Concept of Viscous Forces and Viscosity

5.2 Pressure in a fluid and buoyancy

5.3 Pascal’s law

5.4 Atmospheric Pressure and Barometer

5.5 Pressure difference and Buoyant Force in accelerating

fluids

5.6 Steady and Turbulent Flow, Reynolds’s number

5.7 Equation of continuity

5.8 Bernoulli’s Principle

5.9 Application of Bernoulli’s equation

i) Speed of Efflux ii) Ventury meter

iii) Aspirator Pump iv) Change of plane of motion of a

spinning ball.

6 Equation of state :6.1 Equations of state

6.2 Andrew’s experiment

6.3 Amagat’s experiment

6.4 Van der Waals’ equation of state

6.5 Critical constants

6.6 Reduced equation of state

6.7 Joule-Thomson porous plug experiment 7 Concepts of Thermodynamics :

7.1 Thermodynamic state of a system and Zeroth law of

Thermodynamics

7.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium

7.3 Adiabatic and isothermal changes

7.4 Work done during isothermal changes

7.5 Adiabatic relations for perfect gas

7.6 Work done during adiabatic change

7.7 Indicator Diagram

7.8 First law of Thermodynamics

7.9 Reversible and Irreversible processes

8 Applied Thermodynamics :8.1 Conversion of Heat into Work and its converse

8.2 Carnot’s Cycle and Carnot’s Heat Engine and its efficiency

8.3 Second law of Thermodynamics

8.4 Concept of Entropy

8.5 Temperature-Entropy Diagram

8.6 T-dS Equation

8.7 Clausius-Clapeyron Latent heat equations

9 Heat Transfer Mechanisms :9.1 Heat Engines

i) Otto cycle and its efficiency

ii) Diesel cycle and its efficiency

9.2 Refrigerators:

i) General Principle and Coefficient of performance of

refrigerator

ii) The Carnot Refrigerator

iii) Simple structure of vapour compression refrigerator

9.3 Air conditioning: principle and its applications 10 Thermometry :

10.1 Temperature Scales: Centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin

scale

10.2 Principle, construction and working of following

thermometers

i) Liquid and Gas Thermometers

ii) Resistive Type Thermometer

iii) Thermocouple as thermometer

iv) Pyre heliometer

F. Y. B. Sc. (Paper - II)

Physics Principles, Applications and Electromagnetics

Unit

No. Topic

1 Newton’s laws of motion :

1.1 Newton’s First and Second Law and their explanation

1.2 Working with Newton’s First and Second Law

1.3 Newton’s Third Law of motion and its explanation

1.4 Various types of forces in nature (explanation) and concept

of field

1.5 Frame of reference (Inertial, Non-inertial)

1.6 Pseudo Forces (e.g. Centrifugal Force)

2 Work and Energy :

2.1 Kinetic Energy

2.2 Work and Work-Energy Theorem

2.3 Calculation of Work done with

i) Constant Force ii) Variable Force

iii) Illustration

2.4 Conservative and Non-conservative Forces

2.5 Potential energy and conservation of Mechanical energy

2.6 Change in potential energy in rigid body motion Mass-energy

equivalence

3 Elasticity :

3.1 Hook’s law and coefficient of elasticity

3.2 Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus and Modulus of rigidity

3.3 Work done during longitudinal strain, volume strain, and shearing

strain

3.4 Poisson’s ratio

3.5 Relation between three elastic moduli (Y, , K)

3.6 Determination of Y of rectangular thin bar loaded at the

centre

3.7 Torsional oscillations

4 Surface Tension :

4.1 Surface Tension, Angle of Contact, Capillary Rise Method

4.2 Rise of liquid in a conical capillary tube

4.3 Energy required to raise a liquid in capillary tube

Syllabus

4.4 Factors affecting surface tension

4.5 Jeager’s Method for Determination of surface tension

4.6 Applications of Surface Tension

5 Viscosity and Fluid Mechanics :

5.1 Concept of Viscous Forces and Viscosity

5.2 Pressure in a fluid and buoyancy

5.3 Pascal’s law

5.4 Atmospheric Pressure and Barometer

5.5 Pressure difference and Buoyant Force in accelerating

fluids

5.6 Steady and Turbulent Flow, Reynolds’s number

5.7 Equation of continuity

5.8 Bernoulli’s Principle

5.9 Application of Bernoulli’s equation

i) Speed of Efflux ii) Ventury meter

iii) Aspirator Pump iv) Change of plane of motion of a

spinning ball.

6 Equation of state :

6.1 Equations of state

6.2 Andrew’s experiment

6.3 Amagat’s experiment

6.4 Van der Waals’ equation of state

6.5 Critical constants

6.6 Reduced equation of state

6.7 Joule-Thomson porous plug experiment

7 Concepts of Thermodynamics :

7.1 Thermodynamic state of a system and Zeroth law of

Thermodynamics

7.2 Thermodynamic Equilibrium

7.3 Adiabatic and isothermal changes

7.4 Work done during isothermal changes

7.5 Adiabatic relations for perfect gas

7.6 Work done during adiabatic change

7.7 Indicator Diagram

7.8 First law of Thermodynamics

7.9 Reversible and Irreversible processes

8 Applied Thermodynamics :

8.1 Conversion of Heat into Work and its converse

8.2 Carnot’s Cycle and Carnot’s Heat Engine and its efficiency

8.3 Second law of Thermodynamics

8.4 Concept of Entropy

8.5 Temperature-Entropy Diagram

8.6 T-dS Equation

8.7 Clausius-Clapeyron Latent heat equations

9 Heat Transfer Mechanisms :

9.1 Heat Engines

i) Otto cycle and its efficiency

ii) Diesel cycle and its efficiency

9.2 Refrigerators:

i) General Principle and Coefficient of performance of

refrigerator

ii) The Carnot Refrigerator

iii) Simple structure of vapour compression refrigerator

9.3 Air conditioning: principle and its applications

10 Thermometry :

10.1 Temperature Scales: Centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin

scale

10.2 Principle, construction and working of following

thermometers

i) Liquid and Gas Thermometers

ii) Resistive Type Thermometer

iii) Thermocouple as thermometer

iv) Pyre heliometer

F. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper-I)

Introduction to Chemistry

Unit

No.

Topic

1 Introduction to Chemistry:

o Nature, Scope & Importance of Chemistry at secondary & higher

secondary level. Correlation of Chemistry with other discipline.

o Objectives of Chemistry at secondary & higher secondary level.

2 Organic and Inorganic Chemistry :

o Hydrocarbons – Types, IUPAC Nomenclature

o Alkanes, Alkenes, alkynes & Aromatic compounds

o Alcohols, phenols and ethers

o Periodic Table, s,p,d and f block elements

3 Physical and Inorganic Chemistry :

o States of matter

o Solid state, Solutions and colligative properties

o Chemical Thermodynamics

o Chemistry in everyday Life

Syllabus

F. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - II)

Organic Chemistry

Unit

No. Topic

1 Strength of organic acids and bases

Introduction, pKa, origin of acidity, influence of solvent, simple

aliphatic saturated and unsaturated acids, substituted aliphatic acid,

phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids, pKa and temperature, pKb,

aliphatic and aromatic bases, heterocyclic bases, acid base

catalysis.

2 Stereochemistry of disubstituted cyclohexane

Introduction, 1,1-alkyl disubstituted cyclohexane;

Dimethyl cyclohexane 1,2; 1,3 and 1,4.

Geometrical isomerism, Optical isomerism, stability of

conformation, energy calculations.

3 Nucleophilic substitution at aliphatic Carbon

Introduction, Nucleophile and leaving groups,

Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution. The SN1

reaction: Kinetics, mechanism and stereochemistry

(Racemization), stability of carbocation. The

SN2 reaction: Kinetics, mechanism & stereochemistry

(inversion). How to know whether a given reaction will follow SN1 or

SN2 mechanism.Comparison of SN1 & SN2 reactions.SNi reaction

and mechanism.

4 Reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons and carbon oxygen

double bond

a) Reaction of Carbon-Carbon double bond:

Introduction, Mechanism of electrophilic addition to C=C bond.

Orientation & reactivity, Rearrangements, (Support for formation of

carbocation). Addition of hydrohalogen, Anti Markownikoff’s

addition (peroxide effect) with mechanism, Addition of halogens (dl

pairs and meso isomers), hypohalous acids (HOX), Hydroxylation

(Mechanism of cis and trans 1,2-diols). Hydroboration- Oxidation

(Formation of alcohol), Hydrogenation (Formation of alkane),

Ozonolysis (formation of aldehydes & ketones)

Syllabus

b) Reactions of Carbon :

Carbon triple bond: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, halogen

acids, water and formation of metal acetylides and its application.

c) Reactions of Carbon –oxygen Double Bond :

Introduction, Structure of carbonyl group, reactivity of carbonyl

group, addition of Hydrogen cyanide, alcohols, thiols, water,

ammonia derivatives, Cannizzaro and Reformaski reactions with

mechanism.

5 Elimination Reactions :

Introduction; 1,1; 1,2 elimination,E1, E2 and E1cB mechanism

with evidences, Hoffmann and Saytzeff’s elimination, reactivity

effect of structure, attacking and leaving groups.

6 Aromatic Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions:

Introduction, arenium ion mechanism, Effect of substituent group

(Orientation, o/p directing and meta directing groups). Classification

of substituent groups (activating and deactivating groups)

Mechanism of – Nitration, Sulfonation, Haloganation, Fridel-Crafts reactions, Diazocoupling reactions, Ipso-substitution. Addition-elimination (SNAr), SN1, Elimination-addition (Benzyne) SNR1 reactions, reactivity.

F. Y. B. Sc. (Paper - I)

Algebra & Geometry

Unit

No.

1 Integers

1.1 Well Ordering Principle for N. Principle of Mathematical

induction (strong form).

1.2 Divisibility in Z: Definition and elementary properties.

Division Algorithm, Euclidean Algorithm (Without proof)

G.C.D. and L.C.M of integers, Relatively prime integers,

Definition Prime numbers ,Euclid’s lemma, Basic properties

of G.C.D., G.C.D of any two integers and if it exists is unique

and can be expressed in the form ax+by, where x,yZ.

1.3 Equivalence Relations, Equivalences classes, properties

of Equivalences classes, Definition of partition, every

partition gives an equivalence relation and vice-versa,

Definition of Congruence, Congruence as equivalence

relation on , Residue classes, Partition of , Addition modulo n

, Multiplication modulo n.

2 Polynomials

2.1 Definition of polynomial, Degree of polynomial, Algebra of

polynomials, Division algorithm (without proof). G.C.D of two

polynomials (without proof).

2.2 Remainder Theorem, Factor Theorem.

2.3 Relation between the roots and the coefficients of a

polynomial, Examples.

3 Matrices and System of linear equations

3.1 Matrices, Echelon and Reduced echelon form of a matrix,

Reduction of matrix to its echelon form, Definition of rank of a

matrix by using echelon form.

3.2 System of linear equations, Matrix form of system of

linear equations, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous

system of linear equations, Gauss Elimination and Gauss

Jordan Method.

3.3 Consistency of a system of linear equations, condition of

Syllabus

Topic

consistency (without proof).

3.4 Eigen values, Eigen vectors, characteristic equation of a

matrix of order up to 3×3

3.5 Statement of Cayley Hamilton theorem and its use to find

the inverse of a matrix.

4 Analytical Geometry of two dimensions:

4.1 Change of axes, Translation and rotation.

4.2 Conic Section: General equation of second degree in x

and y. Centre of conic, Nature of conic, Reduction to

standard form.

5 Planes in 3-dimension:

Revision: Equations of the first degree in x, y, z,

Transformation to the normal form, determination of plane

under given conditions, Equations of the plane through three

given points.

5.1 Systems of planes, two sides of a plane.

5.2 Length of the perpendicular from a point to a plane,

bisectors of angles between two planes.

5.3 Joint equation of two planes, Angle between planes.

6 Lines in 3-dimension:

Revision: Equations of a line, equations of a straight line in

terms of its direction cosines and the co-ordinates of a point

on it, equations of a line through two points, Symmetrical and

unsymmetrical forms of the equations of a line.

transformation of the equations of a line to the symmetrical

form. Angle between a line and a plane.

6.1 The condition that a given line may lie in a given plane,

the condition that two given lines are coplanar.

6.2 Number of arbitrary constants in the equations of a

straight line, sets of conditions which determine a line.

6.3 The shortest distance between two lines, the length and

equations of the line of shortest distance between two

straight lines, length of perpendicular from a given point to a

given line.

7 Sphere

7.1 Definition and equation of the sphere in various forms.

7.2 Plane section of a sphere, intersection of two spheres.

7.3 Equation of a circle, sphere through a given circle,

intersection of a sphere and a line.

7.4 Equation of a tangent plane

8 Cones and Cylinders:

8.1 Definition of cone and cylinder.

8.2 Equation of cone and cylinder with vertex at origin and

(,,).

8.3 The right circular cone, equation of a right circular cone.

8.4 The right circular cylinder, equation of a right circular cylinder.

F. Y. B. Sc. (Paper - II)

Calculus and Differential Equations

Unit No. Topic

1 The Real Numbers:

1.1 Algebraic properties of R,

1.2 Order properties of R, Iintervals in R, neighborhoods and deleted

neighborhoods of a real number, bounded subsets of R. 1.3 The Completeness Property of R, denseness of Q in R.

2 Limit and Continuity :

2.1 - definition of limit of a function, Basic properties of limits.

2.2 Continuity of function at a point, Types of discontinuity.

2.3 Continuous functions on intervals.

2.4 Properties of continuous functions on closed and bounded interval. (i) Boundedness. (ii) Attains its bounds. (iii) Intermediate value theorem

3 Differentiation :

3.1 Definition of derivative of a real valued function at a point, notion of

differentiability, geometric interpretation of a derivative of a real

valued function at a point.

3.2 Differentiability of a function over an interval.

3.3 Statement of rules of differentiability, chain rule of finding derivative

of composite of differentiable functions (without proof), derivative of

an inverse function.

3.4. Mean Value Theorems: Rolle•fs Theorem, Lagrange•fs Mean

Value Theorem, Cauchy•fs Mean Value Theorem

3.5 Indeterminate forms. L-Hospitals rule.

3.6 Higher order derivatives, examples, Leibnitz Theorem and its

applications 3.7 Taylor•fs and Maclaurin•fs Theorem with Lagrange•fs form of

remainder (without proof), Examples with assuming convergence of series.

4 Integration :

4.1 Integration of rational function by using partial fraction.

4.2 Integration of some irrational functions:

i) where n is a positive integer, ii)

Syllabus

iii)

4.3 Reduction formula

i) ii) , n is a positive integer

iii) iv) v) 5 Differential Equations of first order and first degree:

5.1 Introduction to function of two, three variables, homogenous

functions, Partial derivatives.

5.2 Differential equations, General solution of Differential equations.

5.3 Methods of finding solution of Differential equations of first order

and first degree, Variable separable form, Homogenous Differential

equations, Differential equations reducible to homogeneous form.

Exact Differential equations.

Differential equations reducible to exact Differential equations, Integrating factors, Linear Differential equations. Bernoulli’s Differential equations.

6 Application of Differential Equations :

6.1 Orthogonal trajectories.

6.2 Kirchhofff’s law of electrical circuit (RC & LR Circuit) 7 Methods of finding general solution of Differential Equations of

first order and higher degree:

7.1 Equations solvable for p.

7.2 Equations solvable for x.

7.3 Equations solvable for y.

7.4 Equation in Clairaut’s form.

S. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Paper - I)

Mathematical Methods in Physics

Unit

No.

1.1 Introduction to complex numbers.

1.2 Rectangular, polar and exponential forms of complex

numbers.

1.3 Argand diagram

1.4 Algebra of complex numbers using mathematical and

Argand diagram

1.5 De-Moivre’s Theorem

1.6 Powers, roots and log of complex numbers.

1.7 Trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential functions.

1.8 Applications of complex numbers to determine

velocity and acceleration in curved motion

1.9 Problems.

2. Partial Differentiation

2.1 Definition of partial differentiation

2.2 Successive differentiation

2.3 Total differentiation

2.4 Exact differential

2.5 Chain rule

2.6 Theorems of differentiation

2.7 Change of variables from Cartesian to polar co-ordinates.

2.8 Implicit and explicit functions

2.9 Conditions for maxima and minima (without proof)

2.10 Problems.

3. Vector Algebra

3.1 Introduction to scalars and vectors

3.2 dot product and cross product of two vectors and its physical

significance

Syllabus

SECOND YEAR

Topic

1. Complex Numbers

3.3 Scalar triple product and its geometrical interpretation.

3.4 Vector triple product and its proof.

3.5 Problems.

4. Vector Analysis

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Scalar and vector fields

4.3 Differentiation of vectors with respect to scalar.

4.4 Vector differential operator and Laplacian operator

4.5 Gradient of scalar field and its physical significance.

4.6 Divergence of scalar field and its physical significance

4.7 Curl of vector field

4.8 Vector identities

a. Ñ´ÑF = 0

b. Ñ.(Ñ´V) = 0

c. Ñ.(ÑF) =Ñ2F

d. Ñ.(FA) =ÑF. A +F(Ñ.A)

e. Ñ´(F A) = F(Ñ´A) + (ÑF) ´ A

f. Ñ.(A´B) = B. (Ñ´ A) . A.(Ñ´B)

4.9 Problems.

5. Differential Equation

5.1 Frequently occurring partial differential equations

(Cartesian coordinates)

5.2 Degree, order, linearity and homogeneity of

differential equation.

5.3 Concept of Singular points. Example of singular

points (x = 0, x = x0 and x =¥) of differential

equation.

5.4 Problems.

S. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Paper - II)

Electronics

Unit

No.

1.1 Kirchhoff’s laws (revision)

1.2 Voltage and Current divider circuits

1.3 Thevenin's theorem

1.4 Norton's theorem

1.5 Super-position theorem

1.6 Maximum power transfer theorem (All theorems 1.3 to 1.6

with proof)

Problems.

2. Study of Transistor

2.1 Bijunction Transistor

1. Revision of bipolar junction transistor, types,

symbols and basic action

2. Configurations (Common Base, Common

Emitter & Common Collector)

3. Current gain factors (á &â) and their relations.

4. Input, output and transfer characteristics of CE,

CB & CC configurations.

5. Biasing methods: Base bias, Emitter feedback

and voltage divider

6. DC load lines (CE), Operating point (Q point)

7. Transistor as a switch

Problems.

Syllabus

Topic

1. Network Theorems

2.2 Uni- Junction Transistor

1. Symbol, types, construction, working

principle, I-V characteristics, Specifications,

Parameters of: Uni-Junction Transistor(UJT)

2. Use of UJT as a relaxation oscillator

3. Opertaional Amplifiers

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Ideal and practical Characteristics

3.3 Operational amplifier: IC 741- Block diagram and Pin

diagram

3.4 Concept of virtual ground

3.5 Inverting and non-inverting operational amplifiers with

concept of gain.

3.6 Operational amplifier as an adder and substracter.

Problems.

4. Oscillatros

4.1 Concept of positive and negative feedback

4.2 Barkhausein criteria for an oscillator

4.3 Construction, working and applications of Phase shift

oscillator using IC-741

Problems.

5. Power Supply

5.1 Concept and working of rectifier half wave, full wave and

bridge rectifier

5.2 Ripple voltage

5.3 RC filter circuit

5.4 Unregulated and regulated power supply

5.5 Concept of load and line regulation

5.6 Zener as regulator

Problems.

6 Number System and Logic Gates

6.1 Number systems: Binary, Binary coded decimal

(BCD), Octal, Hexadecimal

6.2 Addition and subtraction of binary numbers and

binary fractions using one’s and two’s

complement.

6.3 Basic logic gates (OR, AND, NOT)

6.4 Derived gates: NOR, NAND, EXOR, EXNOR with

symbols and truth tables

6.5 Boolean Algebra

6.6 De Morgan's theorems and its verification

Problems.

S. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - I)

Inorganic Chemistry

Unit

No.

Limitations of Valence Bond theory(VBT), Need of

Molecular orbital theory (MOT), Features of MOT, Formation

of molecular orbitals(MO’s) by LCAO principle, Rules of

LCAO combination, Different types of combination of Atomic

orbital(AO’s): S-S, S-P, P-P and d-d, Non-bonding

combination orbitals(formation of NBMO), M.O. Energy level

diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecules, Bond order

and existence of molecule from bond order, Energy (â) and

magnetic behavior for following molecules or ions: H2, H2+,

He2+, Li2, Be2, B2,C2, N2, O2, O2

+, O2-, O2

2-, F2, Ne2,

M.O. energy level diagram, for heteronuclear diatomic

molecule like CO, NO, HCl, HF.

M.O. energy level diagram, for heteronuclear triatomic

molecule like CO2, NO2

2. Coordination Chemistry

I. INTRODUCTION TO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY

1. (General account and meaning of the terms involved in

coordination chemistry:)

Coordinate bond, central metal atom or ions, ligand,

double salt, complex compound, coordination number,

Syllabus

Topic

1. Molecular Orbital Theory

charge on the complex ion, oxidation number of Metal ion,

first and second coordination sphere.

2. Ligands: Definition, Classification, Chelates and chelating

agents.

3. Formation Constant, inert and labile complexes.

4. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds

5. Different geometries of coordination compounds

with C.N.= 4 to C.N.=10 and examples of each geometry.

II. WERNER’S THEORY OF COORDINATION

COMPOUNDS

Assumptions of Werner’s coordination theory, Werner’s

formulation of Coordination compounds, Physical and

chemical test to support his formulation of ionizable and non-

ionizable complexes, Stereoisomerism in complexes with

C.N.4 and C.N. 6 to identify the correct geometrical

arrangement of the complexes.

III. ISOMERISM IN COORDINATION COMPLEXES

Definition of isomerism in complexes-Structural Isomerism

and stereoisomerism,

1. Structural isomerism (ionization, hydrate, linkage, ligand,

coordination position and polymerization isomers)

2. Stereoisomerism and its types-Geometrical isomerism and

optical isomerism.

IV. SIDGWICK THEORY

Concept of Sidgwick’s model, Scheme of arrow indication

for M-L bond suggested by Sidgwick, Effective Atomic

Number rule (EAN), Calculations of EAN value for different

complexes and stability of complexes, Advantages and

Drawbacks of Sidgwick’s theory.

V. PAULING’S VALENCE BOND THEORY

Introduction of Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Need of concept

of hybridization, Aspects of VBT, Assumptions, VB

representation of tetrahedral, square planer,

trigonalbipyramidal and octahedral complexes with

examples, Inner and outer orbital complexes, Electro

neutrality principle, Multiple bonding( dð-pð and dð-dð),

Limitations of VBT.

VI. CRYSTAL FIELD THEORY

Introduction and need of Crystal Field Theory(CFT),

Assumptions, Shapes and degeneracy of d orbital, Splitting

of d-orbitals, Application of CFT to octahedral complexes,

pairing energy(P) and distribution of electrons in eg and t2g

level, calculation of magnetic moment using spin-only

formula, Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE),

calculation of CFSE in weak oh field and strong oh field

complexes, Evidence for CFSE, Interpretation of spectra of

complexes, calculation of 10 Dq and factors affecting

magnitude of 10Dq, d-d transitions and colour of the

complexes, Jahn-Teller distortion theorem for octahedral

complexes and its illustration, CFT of tetrahedral and square

planar complexes, calculations of CFSE, Spectrochemical

series, Nephelauxatic effect and Nephelauxetic series,

Limitations of CFT, modified CFT (LFT), Problems related to

calculation of 10 Dq, CFSE and spin only magnetic moment

for octahedral, tetrahedral & square planar complexes. (i.e.

for high spin & low spin complexes)

VII. MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY OF

COORDINATION

COMPLEX

Introduction, Assumptions, MO treatment to octahedral

complexes with sigma bonding, Formation of MO’s from

metal orbitals and Composite Ligand Orbitals (CLO), MO

correlation diagram for octahedral complexes with sigma

bonding, effect of ð bonding, Charge transfer spectra,

Comparison of VBT, CFT, and MOT.

S. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - II)

Physical Chemistry

Unit No.

Topic

1. Chemical Kinetics :

Recapitulation of Chemical Kinetics, Third order reaction, Derivation of integrated rate law for third order reaction with equal initial concentration, characteristics of third order reaction, examples of third order reaction, Methods to determine order of reaction using Integrated rate equation method, Graphical method, Half-life method, Differential method. Effect of temperature on reaction rate, Arrhenius equation, related numerical.

2. Electrolytic Conductance:

Recapitulation of Electrolytic conductance,Specific and equivalent conductance,Variation of equivalent conductance with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law and its applications to determine

a. Equivalent conductance at infinite dilution of a weakelectrolyte,

b. The ionic product of water,

c. Solubility of sparingly soluble salts,

Migration of ions and ionic mobilities, absolute velocity of ions, Transport number determination by Hittorf’s method and moving boundary method, Relation between ionic mobility, ionic conductance and transport number, Ionic theory of conductance, Debye-Huckel –Onsager equation and its validity, Activity in solution, fugacity and activity coefficient of strong electrolyte.

3. Investigations of Molecular Structure:

Molar refraction, Electrical polarization of molecules, Permanent dipole moment, Determination of dipole moment, Molecular spectra - Rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra Reference.

4. Phase Rule:

Definitions, Gibb’s phase rule, one component system (moderate pressure only) for sulphur and water system, two component system for silver-lead and zinc-cadmium.

Syllabus

S. Y. B.Sc. Mathematics (Paper-I)

Multivariable Calculus

Unit

No.

1 Limit and Continuity of Multivariable functions:

1.1. Functions of several variables, graphs and level curves of

function of two variables.

1.2. Limit and Continuity in higher dimensions.

2 Partial Derivatives:

2.1. Definition and examples.

2.2. Second order partial derivative, the mixed derivative

theorem.

2.3. Partial derivatives of higher order

3 Differentiability:

3.1. Differentiability, the increment theorem for functions of two

variables (without proof).

3.2. Chain rules for composite function.

3.3. Directional derivatives, gradient vectors.

3.4. Tangent planes, normal lines and differentials.

4 Extreme Values:

4.1. Extreme values, First derivative test and Second derivative

test for local extreme values.

4.2. Lagrange’s multipliers method for finding extreme values of

constraint function (One Constraint)

4.3. Taylors Formula for two variables.

5 Multiple Integrals:

5.1. Double Integral over rectangles, Fubini’s theorem for

calculating double integrals (Without proof).

5.2. Double integrals in polar form.

5.3. Triple integrals in rectangular coordinates.

5.4. Triple integral in cylindrical and spherical coordinates.

5.5. Substitution in multiple integrals, Application to area and

volumes.

Syllabus

Topic

S. Y. B. Sc. (Paper-II)

Discrete Mathematics

Unit No.

1 Logic and Proofs: 1.1 Propositional logic. 1.2 Propositional equivalences. 1.3 Predicates and quantifiers. 1.4 Nested quantifiers. 1.5 Rules of inference. 1.6 Introduction to proofs.

2 Counting: 2.1 The basics of counting. 2.2 Permutation and combinations. 2.3 Generalized permutation and combinations.

3 Advanced Counting Technique: 3.1 Inclusion-Exclusion (without proof).

4 The Laplace Transform: 4.1 Definition, Laplace Transform of some elementary functions. 4.2 Some important properties of Laplace Transform. 4.3 Laplace Transform of derivatives, Laplace Transform of

Integrals. 4.4 Methods of finding Laplace Transform, Evaluation of

Integrals. 4.5 The Gamma function, Unit step function and Dirac delta

function.

5 The Inverse Laplace Transform: 5.1 Definition, Some inverse Laplace Transform. 5.2 Some important properties of Inverse Laplace Transform. 5.3 Inverse Laplace Transform of derivative, Inverse Laplace

Transform of integrals. 5.4 Convolution Theorem, Evaluation of Integrals.

6 Applications of Laplace Transform: 6.1 Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations with constant

coefficients.

7 Fourier Series : 7.1 Definition and examples of Fourier Series.

Syllabus

Topic

T. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Paper - I)

Classical Electrodynamics

Unit No. Topic

1 Electrostatics: 1.1. Coulomb’s law, Gauss law, Electric field, Electrostatic

Potential 1.2. Potential energy of system of charges. 1.3. Statement of Poisson’s equation, Boundary Value

problems in electrostatics-solution of Laplace equation in Cartesian system,

1.4. Method of image charges: Point charge near an infinite grounded conducting plane, Point charge near grounded conducting sphere.

1.5. Polarization P, Electric displacement D, Electric susceptibility and dielectric constant, bound volume and surface charge densities.

1.6. Electric field at an exterior and interior point of dielectric.

2 Magnetostatics: 2.1. Concepts of magnetic induction, magnetic flux and

magnetic field 2.2. Magnetic induction due to straight current carrying

conductor, Energy density in magnetic field, magnetization of matter. Relationship between B,H and M.

2.3. Biot-Savart’s law, Ampere’s law for force between two current carrying loops, Ampere’s circuital law,

2.4. Equation of continuity, Magnetic vector potential A. 2.5. Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis loss,

B-H curve.

3 Electrodynamics: 3.1. Concept of electromagnetic induction,Faradays law of

induction, Lenz’s law, displacement current, generalization of Amperes’ law

3.2. Maxwell’s equations (Differential and Integral form) and their physical significance

3.3. Polarization, reflection & refraction of electromagnetic waves through media

3.4. Wave equation and plane waves in free space. 3.5. Poynting theorem&Poynting vector, Polarizations of plane

wave. 3.6. Microscopic form of ohm’s law (J = s.E)

Syllabus

THIRD YEAR

T. Y. B. Sc. Physics (Paper - II)

Quantum Mechanics

Unit

No. Topic

1 Origin of Quantum Mechanics:

1. Historical Background

a) Review of Black body radiation,

b) Review of photoelectric effects.

2. Matter waves - De Broglie hypothesis. Davisson and

Germer experiment.

3. Wave particle duality

4. Wave function of a particle having definite momentum.

5. Concept of wave packet, phase velocity, group velocity

and relation betweenthem

6. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle with thought

experiment.

- Electron diffraction experiment, different forms of

uncertainty.

2 The Schrodinger equation:

1. Physical interpretation of wave function

2. Schrodinger time dependent equation.

3. Schrodinger time independent equation.(Steady state

equation).

4. Requirements of wave function.

5. Probability current density, equation of continuity, and its

physical significance.

6. Definition of an operator in Quantum mechanics.

- Eigen function and Eigen values.

7. Expectation value – Ehrenfest’s theorem The

Schrodinger equation: (15 L)

1. Physical interpretation of wave function

2. Schrodinger time dependent equation.

3. Schrodinger time independent equation.(Steady state

equation).

4. Requirements of wave function.

5. Probability current density, equation of continuity,

Syllabus

and its physical significance.

6. Definition of an operator in Quantum mechanics.

- Eigen function and Eigen values.

7. Expectation value – Ehrenfest’s theorem

3 Applications of Schrodinger Steady state equation:

1. Free particle.

2. Particle in infinitely deep potential well (one - dimension).

3. Particle in three dimension rigid box.

4. Step potential.

5. Potential barrier. (Qualitative discussion).Barrier

penetration and tunneling effect.

6. Harmonic oscillator (one-dimension), correspondence

principle.

4 Spherically symmetric potentials:

1. Schrodinger’s equation in spherical polar co-ordinate

system.

2. Rigid rotator (free axis).

3. Hydrogen atom: Qualitative discussion on the radial and

angular parts of thebound state energy, energy state

functions, Quantum numbers n, l, ml, ms–Degeneracy.

5 Operators in Quantum Mechanics:

1. Hermitian operator.

2. Position, Momentum operator, angular momentum

operator, and total energyoperator (Hamiltonian).

3. Commutator brackets- Simultaneous Eigen functions.

4. Commutator algebra.

5. Commutator brackets using position, momentum and

angular momentumoperator.

6. Raising and lowering angular momentum operator.

7. Concept of parity, parity operator and its Eigen values.

T. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - I)

Analytical Chemistry

Unit

No.

Common ion effect and solubility product principles, Conditions

for good precipitation,Factors affecting precipitation like acid,

temperature, nature of solvent,Super saturation and precipitation

formation,Precipitation from homogeneous solution and

examples, Co-precipitation, postprecipitation and remedies for

their minimization, Washing of precipitate and ignition of

precipitate,Brief idea about method of filtration and drying of

precipitate, Introduction to electrogravimetry: principle,

applications, electrolytic separations of Cu and Ni, Numerical

problems only on gravimetric analysis.

2. Thermal methods of analysis

Principle of thermal analysis, classification of thermal techniques,

Principle, instrumentation and applications of TGA and DTA,

factors affecting the thermal analysis, numerical problem.

3. Spectrophotometry

Introduction, Electromagnetic spectrum, Interaction of

electromagnetic radiations with the matter, Mathematical

Statement and derivation of Lambert’s Law and Beer’s Law,

Terminology involved in spectrophotometric analysis,

Instrumentation of single beamcolorimeter, Instrumentation of

single and double beam spectrophotometer, Principle of additivity

of absorbance and simultaneous determination,

Spectrophotometric Titrations, Experimental Applications-

Structure of organic compounds, Structure of complexes,

Numerical Problems

Syllabus

Topic

1. Gravimetric Analysis

4. Polarography

Introduction to voltammetric methods of analysis, Principles of

polarographic analysis, Dropping Mercury Electrode, Instrument

and working of polarographic apparatus, Ilkovic equation and

quantitative analysis, Polarogram and chemical analysis, Analysis

of mixture of cations, Factors affecting polarographic wave,

Quantitative Applications, Numerical Problems

5. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Introduction and theory of atomic absorption spectroscopy,

Instrumentation of single beam atomic absorption

Spectrophotometer, Measurement of absorbance of atomic

species by AAS, Spectral and Chemical Interferences, Qualitative

and Quantitative Applications of AAS. Numerical Problems.

6. Flame Emission Spectroscopy

Introduction and theory of atomic emission spectroscopy,

Instrumentation of single beam flame emission

spectrophotometer, Measurement of emission of atomic species,

Interferences in emission spectroscopy, Methods of analysis-

calibration curve method, Standard addition method, and internal,

standard method, Qualitative and Quantitative Applications of

FES, Numerical Problems.

T. Y. B. Sc. Chemistry (Paper - II)

Industrial Chemistry

Unit

No.

Modern Approach to Chemical Industry Introduction, basic requirements of chemical industries, chemical

production, raw materials, unit process and unit operations,

Quality control, quality assurance, process control, research and

development, pollution control, human resource, safety

measures, classification of chemical reactions, batch and

continuous process, Conversion, selectivity and yield, copy right

act, patent act, trade marks.

2. Agrochemicals General introduction and scope of agrochemicals, meaning and

examples of : Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Rodenticides,

Pesticides, Plant growth regulators. Pesticide formulation, slow

release pesticide formulations, storage stability test, and

Industrial entomology. Advantages and disadvantages of

agrochemicals. Structure,: DDT, BHC, Warfarin, Aldrin,

Endosulphan, synthesis and application:DDT, BHC

andEndosulphan. Biopesticides like Neem oil and Karanj oil.

3. Manufacture of Basic Chemicals

a) Ammonia : Physicochemical principles involved,

Manufacture of ammonia by modified Haber-Bosch process,

its uses.

b) Sulphuric Acid : Physicochemical principles involved,

Manufacture of sulphuricacid by contact process, its uses.c) Nitric Acid : Physicochemical principles involved,

Manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald’s process, its uses.

4. Petrochemicals and Eco-friendly Fuels

a) Introduction, occurrence, composition of petroleum,

resources, processing of petroleum, calorific value of fuel,

Syllabus

Topic

1.

cracking, octane rating (octane number), cetane number,

flash point, and petroleum refineries, applications of

petrochemicals, synthetic petroleum, lubricating oils &

additives.

b) Fuels and eco-friendly fuels: liquid, gaseous fuel (LPG,

CNG), fossil fuels, diesel, bio diesel, gasoline, aviation

fuels. Use of solar energy for power generation.

5. Food and Starch Industry

Food Industry :

a) Definition and scope, nutritive aspects of food constituents,

, food deterioration factors and their control.

b) Preservation and Processing : Heat and cold

preservation and processing, cold storage, food

dehydration and concentration, various foods, their

processing and preservation methods, fruits, beverages,

cereals, grains, legumes and oil seeds.

c) Food Additives : Enhancers, sugar substitutes,

sweeteners, food colors.

Starch Industry : Chemistry of starch, manufacturing of industrial starch and its

applications, characteristics of some food starches, non-starch

polysaccharides-cellulose-occurrence.

7. Cement and Glass Industry

Cement Industry :

Introduction, importance, composition of portland cement, raw

materials, proportioning of raw materials, setting and hardening

of cement, reinforced concrete.

Glass Industry : Introduction, importance, physical and chemical properties of

glass, chemical reaction, annealing of glass Special glasses:

colored, safety, hard, borosilicate, optical, photosensitive,

conducting, glass laminates.

T. Y. B. Sc. Mathematics (Paper - I)

Complex Analysis

Unit No. Topic

1 Complex Numbers Sums and products, Basic algebraic properties, Further properties, Vectors and Moduli, Complex Conjugates, Exponential Form, Products and powers in exponential form, Arguments of products and quotients, Roots of complex numbers, Examples, Regions in the complex plane.

2 Analytic functions Functions of Complex Variables, Limits, Theorems on limits, Limits involving the point at infinity, Continuity, Derivatives, Differentiation formulas, Cauchy-Riemann Equations, Sufficient Conditions for differentiability, Polar coordinates, Analytic functions, Harmonic functions.

3 Elementary Functions The Exponential functions, The Logarithmic function, Branches and derivatives of logarithms, Some identities involving logarithms, Complex exponents, Trigonometric functions, Hyperbolic functions.

4 Integrals Derivatives of functions, Definite integrals of functions, Contours, Contour integral, Examples, Upper bounds for Moduli of contour integrals, Anti-derivatives, Examples, Cauchy-Groursat’s Theorem (without proof), Simply and multiply Collected domains. Cauchy integral formula, Derivatives of analytic functions. Liouville’s Theorem and Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.

5 Series Convergence of sequences and series, Taylor’s series, Laurent series (without proof), examples.

6 Residues and Poles Isolated singular points, Residues, Cauchy residue theorem, residue at infinity, types of isolated singular points, residues at poles, zeros of analytic functions, zeros and poles.

Syllabus

T. Y. B. Sc. Mathematics (Paper - II)

Graph Theory

Unit

No. Topic

1 An Introduction to Graphs

The definition of a Graph, Graphs and Models, More

Definitions, Vertex Degree, Sub graphs, Paths and Cycles, The

Matrix Representation of Graphs, Fusion.

2 Trees and Connectivity

Definition and Simple Properties, Bridges, Spanning Trees,

Connector Problems, Shortest Path Problems, Cut Vertices and

Connectivity.

3 Euler Tours and Hamiltonian Cycles

Euler Tours, The Chinese Postman Problem, Hamiltonian

Graphs, The Travelling Salesman Problem.

4 Directed Graphs

Definitions, In degree and Out degree, Tournament, Traffic

Flow.

Syllabus