b ed bugs - prevention and treatment blair phillips may 2011 walden university dr. h. rubin...

BED BUGS- PREVENTION AND TREATMENTBlair PhillipsMay 2011Walden UniversityDr. H. RubinEnvironmental Health

Photo courtesy of http://www.bed-bug.org/

INTRODUCTION

Recent resurgence in bed bugs 81% increase in bed bug calls since 2000

Bed bug outbreaks continue to be the focus of many media outlets Increasing public awareness Failing to provide necessary information

Various methods proven effective for prevention and treatment Goal- Increase awareness on the issue of

bed bugs among stakeholders- hotels, colleges and universities, rental properties…etc.

OVERVIEW Background Information

History About bed bugs

Impacts on Public Health Physical

Bites Psychological Impacts

Current trends Economic

Costs Lawsuits

How to identify bed bugs & where to find them Information on prevention and treatment options

BED BUGS

Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius)- are a type of blood-sucking ectoparasite

Small, flat and wingless body

Not known to transmit disease

Diverse geographic distribution

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2011). Joint statement on red bug control in the United States from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/publications/bed_bugs_cdc-epa_statement.htm

Photo courtesy of Dr. Harold Harlan, Armed Forces Pest Management Board Image Library- CDC

HISTORY OF BED BUGS

Documented as far back as the 17th century

Previously eradicated after WWII with use of DDT (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011).

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2011). Bedbugs. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bedbugs/DS00663


Resurgence as a result of various conditions (CDC, 2011):

Pesticide Resistance Increased Travel Lack of Knowledge

BIOLOGY & LIFECYCLE OF THE BED BUG

Adult and Nymphal bed bugs require blood from warm-blooded hosts (CDC, 2011).

Females can lay up to 5 eggs each day (Bed-bugs.org, 2011)

Adults may live 6-12 months (Bed-bugs.org, 2011)

May go several months without food (CDC, 2011).Photo courtesy of http://www.bedbugsremovalguide.com/

Bed-Bug.org. (2011). Bed bug information. Retrieved from http://www.bed-bug.org/


THE BITE

Attracted to carbon dioxide and warmth (Bed-bugs.org, 2011).

Bites often appear on exposed areas (CDC, 2011)

Face Neck Arms Legs

Resemble mosquito and flea bites (CDC, 2011)

Photo courtesy of http://www.bed-bug.org/

Photo courtesy of urbanentomology.tamu.edu



IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH

Singular or multiple bites may be present (Bed-bugs.org, 2011)

Mild to severe allergic reactions from bites (CDC, 2011)

Secondary infections of the skin (CDC, 2011)

Negatively impact mental health (CDC, 2011)



CURRENT TRENDS

Complaints increased 500% between 2000 and 2004

Increased trends in New York, Hawaii, and Ohio

Many states close behind

Bedbug.com. (2009). Bed bugs in the U.S.- the bedbug epidemic in your state. Retrieved from http://www.bedbug.com/Page-Bed-bugs-in-the-US_128.aspx

Graph courtesy of bedbug.com

CURRENT TRENDS

NY had 13,152 reports in 2009 Reports from EVERY state in the US in 2008

Graph courtesy of http://www.bed-bug.org/


PEST CONTROL TRENDS

67% of pest management companies have received calls to treat hotels/motels

76% of the companies said that bed bugs are the most difficult pest to remove

90% of companies have treated in homes or apartments

4 – 5% have treated in laundry mats or movie theaters

JP McHale Pest Management. (2010). Bed bug statistics in recent years. Retrieved from http://nopests.com/blog/bed-bugs/bed-bug-statistics-in-recent-years

ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Lost costs: Health care Wages Revenue Reduced productivity

High costs of treatment

Negative public opinion


ECONOMIC COSTS- LAWSUITS

September 2009- Virginia Beach, VA. $100,000

Chicago woman sues for $20 million

Woman in Tennessee sues Rent-A-Center for $575,000


WHERE THEY HIDE Can travel up to 100 feet each night (CDC, 2011).

Transported by people traveling

Apartments, houses, shelters, hotels, airplanes, hospitals, cruise ships, trains, or dorm rooms

Mattresses, small cracks or openings, headboards, electrical outlets, or even under wallpaper (CDC, 2011).


HOW TO IDENTIFY BED BUGS (EPA, 2011)

Look for Dark Spots Eggs and eggshells Skin shed from

growing nymphs Live bed bugs Red spots or stains

on sheets or mattress

Dogs used in detection

United States Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]. (2011). Pesticides: controlling pests. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/

Photos courtesy of CDC, 2011.

METHODS OF PREVENTION

Inspect any used furniture for bed bugs

Use covers for mattress and box-springs

Reduce additional clutter

Utilize luggage racks

Clean bedding with each new occupant


MATTRESS ENCASEMENTS

Proactive use Protect beds Salvage used beds Significant method of control Tested and designed for bugs

Ex. BugLock® encasement Cheaper alternative

Bed Bug Central. (2011). Bed bugs 101 information every should know about bed bugs. Retrieved from http://www.bedbugcentral.com/bedbugs101/topic.cfm/mattress-and-box-spring-encasements

TREATMENT OPTIONS

1. Integrated Pest Management

2. Non-Chemical Treatments

3. Chemical Treatments



INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) (EPA, 2011)

1. Set levels to determine when control measures must be employed.

2. Monitor and identify the bed bugs so that suitable pesticides are used in a varying situations.

3. Prevention- employing necessary actions to ensure bed bugs do not become an issue

4. Management- Determining effective and efficient control methods in each situation


IPM WITH BED BUGS (EPA, 2011)

Inspections/monitoring Correct identification Accurate case records Appropriate cleaning methods Sealing cracks Correct use of pesticides Increased awareness among the public


POSSIBLE CAUSES FOR TREATMENT FAILURE

All bed bugs not detected

Proper prevention not taken

Proper treatment methods not taken

Pesticide applied incorrectly

Pesticide resistance


PROPER DISPOSAL OF INFESTED ITEMS

Encase or seal any disposed items Heavy sheeting or shrink

wrap Disposal bags

Inspect travel route for potential bed bugs/eggs that may have fallen off in disposal process

Label potentially infested items


ADDITIONAL TIPS (EPA, 2011)

Never use a pesticide intended for outdoor use inside (EPA,2011)

Using the correct pesticide is key in bed bug elimination (EPA,2011)

Check the label to verify it includes bed bugs on the list of pests that are effectively treated (EPA,2011)

Follow all directions on the labels Bed bug tasks forces (bedbug.com, 2009)



THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROL

Local public health departments lack resources

Blame game Increased resistance and limited treatment

options Pesticide misuse Outbreaks create panic among the

community


CONCLUSION

Bed bug infestation has seen dramatic increase since 2000, reflective of increased traveling, pesticide resistance, and lack of public awareness.

Public health impacts include physical, emotional, and financial consequences.

Integrated Pest Management establishes strategies for appropriate prevention and treatment to effectively decrease bed bug populations and thus minimize their impact on public health.

ADDITIONAL SOURCES FOR INFORMATION

1. Bed bug regional contacts: http://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/bedbugs_reg_contacts.html

2. EPA Bed bug search tool- useful in determining which product would meet your needs:

http://cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/bedbug/

3. Hotel Bed Bug Safety Sheet http://public.health.oregon.gov/HealthyEnvironments/Recreation/PoolsLodging/Documents/bedbughotel.pdf

4. Orkin Bed Bugs: Facts, Identification & Control- useful in determining which treatment method is necessary for different infested areas: http://www.orkin.com/other/bed-bugs/

5. Networx Pest Control Services- useful in finding local exterminating companies and free service quotes: http://exterminators.networx.com/?se=a9161&YWZmaWxpYXRlX2lkPTkxNjE=

REFERENCESBedbug.com. (2009). Bed bugs in the U.S.- the bedbug epidemic in your

state. Retrieved from http://www.bedbug.com/Page-Bed-bugs-in-the-US_128.aspx




JP McHale Pest Management. (2010). Bed bug statistics in recent years. Retrieved from http://nopests.com/blog/bed-bugs/bed-bug-statistics-in-recent-years

REFERENCES

Mayo Clinic. (2011). Bed bugs. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bedbugs/DS00663

Orkin, L.L.C. (2011). Bed bugs: facts, identification, & control. Retrieved from http://www.orkin.com/other/bed-bugs/


b ed bugs - prevention and treatment blair phillips may 2011 walden university dr. h. rubin...

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