ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

qarTuli literaturis instituti

irma makaraZe

ioane sinelis ldquosaTnoebaTa kibisrdquo Zveli qarTuli redaqciebi

(literaturul-istoriuli sakiTxebi)

filologiis doqtoris (PhD) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

samecniero xelmZRvaneli filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori

laura grigolaSvili

Tbilisi

2016

avtoris stili daculia

2

Sinaarsi

Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

Tavi I

saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis qristianuli azrovnebis konteqstSi-----9

1 moralur-eTikuri principebi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi -----------------------------14

2 saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis sakiTxi -------------------------------------------------------------------24

3 saTnoebaTa kibis gavlena momdevno epoqis literaturaze ------------------------------35

Tavi II

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis struqturuli da stiluri

Taviseburebani -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51

1 saTnoebaTa kibis struqturuli Tavisebureba ---------------------------------------------------52

2 saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis stilis zogierTi sakiTxi----------------75

3 saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi redaqciebis versifikacia ---------------------------------------90

Tavi III

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis simbolika-------------------------------------96

1 saTnoebaTa kibis ZiriTadi simboloebi ------------------------------------------------------------99

2 saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi teqstebis originaluri nawilis simbolika ------113

Tavi IV

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis filosofiur-

Teologiuri terminologia ------------------------------------------------------------------------120

1 logikuri terminologia (gamoCineba aRmosaCeni apodiqsis silogizmi

gamoxategravea gulisAtildemayofa gulissityua goneba gagonebaAacute mogonebaAacute

midmogoneba mimogoneba) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------123

2 ontologiuri terminologia (metafizika xedva xilva skoposi iWAcirc

dasasruli - ὁ τέλος enteleqia arsebabuneba ndash ldquoΟὐσία) ----------------------------------136

Tavi V

saTnoebaTa kibis anton kaTalikosiseuli redaqcia --------------------------------145

1 anton kaTalikosiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis mimarTebebi adreul qarTul

redaqciebTan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------146

2 anton kaTalikosis mier saTnoebaTa kibeSi CarTuli strofebi---------------------166

3

Tavi VI

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis mniSvneloba bizantiuri da

qarTuli filologiisTvis -----------------------------------------------------------------------175

ZiriTadi daskvnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------185

gamoyenebuli literatura -------------------------------------------------------------------------188

4

Sesavali

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis asketur-mistikuri

xasiaTis erT-erTi yvelaze srulyofili da popularuli zneobrivi

saxelmZRvaneloa masSi gamokveTilia yvela is fundamenturi eTikuri

principi romelic antikuri xanidan moyolebuli araerTi didi

moazrovnis yuradRebis centrSi moqceula xolo qristianobam axali

SinaarsiT ganmsWvala srulyo mTlian sistemad Camoayaliba rogorc

axali koncefcia da adamianuri qcevis normad gamoacxada

nawarmoebi Targmnilia qristianuli mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis

yvela enaze (bezaraSvili 1987 129) qarTulad ki teqstis eqvsi redaqcia

Camoyalibda romelTagan sruli saxiT SemorCenilia ori prozauli

Targmani ndash eqvTime aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis da ori poeturi

gadamuSaveba ndash ioane petriwisa da anton kaTalikosis

problemis aqtualoba Sua saukuneebis sulier kulturaSi

saTnoebaTa kibis did mniSvnelobasa da aqtualobaze metyvelebs

sxvadasxva enaze Sesrulebuli mravalricxovani Targmani da xelnawerTa

simravle Zveli avtorebi saTnoebaTa kibes imdenad maRal Sefasebas

aZlevdnen rom mas mose winaswarmetyvelis dekalogs adarebdnen da

masze aRmatebul teqstadac ki warmoaCendnen ldquoda gardamoAtildeda axali igi

RmTis-mxilveli Cuenda momarT gonebiTa mTiT siniT da gAcircCuenna Cuen

manca RmrTiv-werilni igi ficarnirdquo (sineli 1965 13) an kidev ldquoerTiTa

oden ara iqmna msgavs (ioane sineli) mosesa rameTu ara moiwia mis zeda

verSeslvaAacute zecisa mas ierusalAgravemsa viTar-igi mose queyanasa ierusalAgravemsa

ver Sevidardquo (sineli 1965 13) - wers ioane sinelze misi biografi daniel

raiTeli

ioane sinelis Txzuleba aranakleb popularulia Sua saukuneebis

qarTul sulier kulturaSi am teqstisadmi interesi ar cxreba

saukuneebis manZilze ndash preaTonuri periodidan vidre gvian Sua

saukuneebamde Txzulebis ukanaskneli anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi

redaqcia XVIII saukuneSi Seiqmna aRsaniSnavia rom nawarmoebis Targmna-

gadamuSavebaze muSaobdnen epoqis yvelaze avtoritetuli qarTveli

5

moRvaweebi eqvTime aToneli ioane petriwi petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT Sua saukuneebis qarTveli

swavlulebi ecnobodnen ara marto sakuTriv am didmniSvnelovan teqsts

aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac romliTac ioane sineli

sargeblobs aRniSnuli wyaroebi romlebic organulad aris CarTuli

ioane sinelis teqstis mTlian qsovilSi (Sesabamisad mis qarTul

TargmanebSic) rig SemTxvevaSi wyaros avtorze miTiTebiTac ki axali

codniT avsebs da amdidrebs qarTul kulturul da saazrovno sivrces

amrigad sakvlevi problemis aqtualobas gansazRvravs Sesaswavli

teqstebis mniSvneloba kerZod is rom maT Rrma kvali datoves Sua

saukuneebis qarTul mxatvrul-filosofiur azrovnebaze

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria saTnoebaTa kibis nusxebis simravlem

mravali filologiuri problema warmoSva TviT originalis kvlevis

procesSi da ar aris SemTxveviTi rom saTnoebaTa kibis didi

popularobis miuxedavad ar arsebobs teqstis kritikuli gamocema

berZnul enazec ki Ggamocemuli ar aris arc qarTuli prozauli

Targmanebis kritikuli teqstebi Tumca prof meri cincaZis

sadisertacio naSroms - ldquoioane sinelis klemaqsis eqvTimeseuli Targmani

da misi enardquo (cincaZe 1965) - danarTis saxiT axlavs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis kritikulad dadgenili teqsti romelic ramdenime ZiriTad

xelnawers emyareba mkvlevari gamosacemad amzadebs aseve petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis kritikul teqsts prof m cincaZes

sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis enasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi orTografiul-

fonetikuri Taviseburebani berZnul-qarTuli fonetikuri Sesatyvisobani

morfologia sintaqsi agreTve Targmanis xelnawerebi urTierToba

nusxaTa Soris eqvTimes mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebebi

naSromSi Sedarebulia klemaqsis qarTuli da berZnuli redaqciebi maTi

Sedgenilobis mixedviT m cincaZes aseve Seswavlili aqvs petre

gelaTeliseul Targmanis enobrivi mxare winamdebare naSromSi

citatebs vimowmebT petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis mis mier dadgenili

6

teqstidan ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqcia

gamosca mkvlevarma ivane lolaSvilma teqsts Tan axlavs vrceli

winasityvaoba sadac mecnieri farTod mimoixilavs ioane petriwis

biografiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs mis saliteraturo moRvaweobas

filosofiur-Teologiur msoflmxedvelobas da am WrilSi saTnoebaTa

kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciis ramdenime pasaJs iv lolaSvilis

azriT teqstis gelaTuri Targmanis avtoric ioane petriwia xolo

petre gelaTels ekuTvnis mxolod ori iambiko romelSic Seqebulia

ioane sineli da klemaqsis mTargmneli ioane petriwi (petriwi 1968 65) k

kekeliZes gelaTuri Targmanis avtorad petre gelaTeli miaCnda ioane

petriwis avtorobis sakiTxs ar iziarebs arc e WeliZe romelic

specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis Sedegad askvnis rom aRniSnuli

teqstis mTargmneli petre gelaTelia (WeliZe 1996 674) aRsaniSnavia

aseve i abulaZis Sroma ldquorusTavelis xanis qarTulidan naTargmni Zveli

somxuri mwerlobis Zeglebirdquo sadac Seswavlilia saTnoebaTa kibis

somxuri Targmani romelic mkvlevris azriT ori qarTuli prozauli

Targmanis (eqvTime aToneli petre gelaTeli) monacemebs emyareba da maTi

Sejerebis Sedegadaa somxurad naTargmni (abulaZe 1938 129-130)

ukanasknel wlebSi aRmoCnda grigol nazianzelis TxzulebebSi CarTuli

saTnoebaTa kibis kidev erTi gansxvavebuli redaqciis fragmentebi

romelic q bezaraSvilma gamoaqveyna manve Seiswavla teqstTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi (bezaraSvili 1989 142-163) ioane sinelis anton

kaTalikosiseuli varianti gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam

kvlevaSi avtori ZiriTadad mimoixilavs anton kaTalikosis

literaturul stilsa da msoflmxedvelobas (kukava 1996)

naSromis sagani mizani amocanebi sadisertacio naSromis sagania

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli sakiTxebi cxadia Cvens gamokvlevas

Targmanebis raodenobisa da saanalizo sakiTxTa moculobis

gaTvaliswinebiT yvela problemis amomwuravad gaSuqebis pretenzia ar

gaaCnia naSromSi SemovifargleT TargmanebTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi

sakiTxebis SeswavliT mniSvnelovani aqcentebis dasmiTa da samomavlod

Sesaswavli problematikis identifikaciiT Sesabamisad SevecadeT

7

gagveanalizebina is ZiriTadi sakiTxebi rac teqstis kvlevis am etapze

CavTvaleT aucileblad vimedovnebT winamdebare naSromi xels Seuwyobs

ioane sinelis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebis Seswavlis sxva axal etapze

gadasvlas da momavali ufro srulyofili kvlevebisTvis safuZvlis

momzadebas

sadisertacio naSromis wyaroebi kvlevis ZiriTadi wyaroebia

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli redaqciebi esenia eqvTime

aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis prozauli Targmanebi da ioane

petriwiseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi gadamuSavebani aseve

meTiu raderisa da paraklitis monastris mier momzadebuli berZnuli

teqstebi saTnoebaTa kibis slavuri da inglisuri Targmanebi garda

amisa Targmanebis kvlevis procesSi naSromis ama Tu im nawilis

mizandasaxulobidan gamomdinarე wyarod gamoyenebulia antikuri

filosofiis Zeglebi da Sua saukuneebis saRvTismetyvelo literatura

naSromis Teoriuli baza naSromis Teoriul bazas warmoadgens

Tanamedrove medievistikasa da Targmanis TeoriaSi farTod

aprobirebuli da damkvidrebuli Teoriuli principebi qarTul

literaturaTmcodneobaSi Camoyalibebuli Zveli qarTuli originaluri

Tu naTargmni teqstebis kvlevis mdidari gamocdileba agreTve ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis aRiarebuli ucxoeli Tu qarTveli

mkvlevrebis kalistos uearis tatiana popovas Aandrei kordoCkinis

ivane lolaSvilis meri cincaZis qeTevan bezaraSvilisa da sxvaTa

naSromebi

meTodologia naSromSi sakvlevi obieqtis sirTulisa da

specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoyenebulia kompleqsuri midgoma

tradiciul da Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneobaSi aprobirebuli

kvlevis xerxebisa da meTodebis erToblioba kerZod aRweriTi meTodi -

kompetenturi da konteqsturi analizis gamoyenebiT komparativistuli ndash

genetikuri da tipologiuri midgomebiT struqturul-semiotikuri

sinqronuli da diaqronuli aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT agreTve

hermenevtikuli meTodi calkeul sakiTxTa analizisTvis mivmarTavT

interdisciplinuri kvlevis meTods

8

mecnieruli siaxle dRemde saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul TargmanebTan

dakavSirebuli problematika Seswavlilia romelime erTi redaqciis

gaTvaliswinebiT winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens ioane sinelis

saTnoebaTa kibis oTxi sruli redaqciis kompleqsuri literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli analizis mcdelobas kerZod masSi

ganxilulia saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis problema interteqsturi

mimarTebebi qarTuli redaqciebis struqturuli da stiluri analizi da

maTi mimarTeba berZnul teqstebTan poeturi teqstebis versifikaciuli

Tavisebureba qarTuli Targmanebis simbolika da poeturi teqstebis

originalur CanarTebSi gamoyenebul simboloTa analizi teqstebis

ZiriTadi filosofiuri terminologia antoniseuli gadamuSavebis

mimarTeba manamde arsebul redaqciebTan CamoTvlil sakiTxTagan nawili

aqamde sruliad Seuswavleli iyo xolo zogierTi maTgani ki rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT Seswavlili iyo romelime erT redaqciaze dayrdnobiT

naSromis mecnieruli da praqtikuli Rirebuleba masalis analizi

kvlevis Sedegebi da daskvnebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas ioane sinelis

teqstis misi qarTuli Targmanebis Semdgomi Seswavlis dros Zveli

qarTuli literaturis saleqcio kursebisa da speckursebis swavlebaSi

9

Tavi I

saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis qristianuli azrovnebis

konteqstSi

sadisertacio naSromis winamdebare TavSi mimovixilav ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad sakiTxebs romelTa

gaTvaliswinebis gareSe SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis

rolisa da adgilis gansazRvra

saTnoebaTa kibis avtorze informacias gvawvdis misi Tanamedrove

raiTis monastris beri danieli romlis mier dawerili ioane sinelis

cxovreba win uZRvis teqsts (Βίος ἐν ἐπιτομῇ τοῦ ἀββᾶ Ἰωάννου τοῦ ἡγουμένου τοῦ

ἁγίου ὅρους Σινᾶ τοῦ ἐπίκλην σχολαστικοῦ τοῦ ἐν ἁγίοις ὡς ἀληθῶς Συγγραφεὶς παρἀ Δανιὴλ

μοναχοῦ lsquoΡαιθηνοῦ ἀνδρὸς τιμίου καὶ ἐναρέτου PG Vol 88 596A) Teqvsmeti wlis

yofila ioane roca Sesula sinas monasterSi aqedan igi wasula

gandegilad sinelma berebma ioane gamoiwvies gandegilobidan da airCies

TavianT winamZRvrad sinas monasterSi moRvaweobis gamomxatvelia ioanes

wodeba ldquosinelirdquo misi ganaTlebisa da swavlulebis aRmniSvnelia

zedwodeba ldquosqolastikosirdquo xolo nawarmoebis mixedviT romlis

saTauric berZnulad JRers rogorc Κλίμαξ τοῦ παραδείσου (laT Scala Paradisi

ndash samoTxis kibe) igi xSirad iwodeba ldquoklemaqsadacrdquo (cincaZe 1965 1-2)

ioane sinelis biografia ar Seicavs konkretul TariRebs amitom dRemde

gaurkvevelia misi moRvaweobis zusti periodi amis Sesaxeb mecnierTa

Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa erTni fiqroben rom igi daaxloebiT 579-649

wlebSi moRvaweobda (nau 1902 35-37) meoreni misi moRvaweobis TariRs

kidev ufro ukan sweven da daaxloebiT 525-600 wlebiT SemosazRvraven

(sakosi 1964 180) sxvebi kidev Tvlian rom igi VII saukunis 70-80-ian

wlebSia gardacvlili (beki 1959 451)

rac Seexeba uSualod teqsts saTnoebaTa kibeSi Tavmoyrilia

ZiriTadi qristianuli eTikuri principebi teqsti Sedgeba 30 Tavisgan

(simbolurad ganasaxierebs qristes cxovrebis wlebs naTlisRebamde)

bibliuri iakobis xilvis miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibis

analogiiT ioane sineli safexureobriv struqturas iyenebs raTa

10

aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi ldquosaTnoebani wmidani msgavs arian

kibesa mas romeli ixila iakob rameTu SemdgomiTi Semdgomad SeslviTa

maT Sina aRamaRleben kacsa cadmderdquo (sineli 1965 202) TiToeuli

safexuris gadalaxva romelic gulisxmobs calkeuli vnebis daZlevasa

da saTnoebis mopovebas an piriqiT dakavSirebulia individis nebisyofasa

da gaunelebel brZolisunarianobasTan

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema dRemde ar arsebobs met-naklebad ukeTesad miiCneva

meTiu raderis (Matthew Rader) mier 1633 wels parizSi dabeWdili teqsti

romelic 1860 wels minem Seitana patrologia grekas (Patrologiae Cursus

Completus Series Graeca) 88-e tomSi (PG Vol 88 596-1209) saTnoebaTa kibis

meTiu raderiseulisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels

konstantinepolSi aTonis mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT

gamosca berma sofroniusma (kordoCkini 2003 14) yvelaze Zveli

axalberZnuli teqsti episkoposma maqsimem 1590 wels gamosca veneciaSi

xolo 1774 wels kvlav venciaSi arqimandritma ieremiam gamosca

saTnoebaTa kibe sqolioebiT aRsaniSnavia aseve parakletis monasterSi

arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli saTnoebaTa kibis axalberZnuli

teqsti romelSic gamomcemeli ukve arsebul gamocemebTan erTad

iTvaliswinebs kidev erT XIV saukunis aTonis mTis xelnawersac

(marTlmadidebluri 2010)

rogorc aRiniSna saTnoebaTa kibe Targmnilia qristianuli

mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis yvela enaze laTinur siriul arabul

eTiopur qarTul somxur slavur (bezaraSvili 1987 129) berZnuli

xelnawerebis mixedviT irkveva rom yvelaze metad bizantiaSi klemaqsi

gavrcelebuli iyo XI saukuneSi XII-XIII saukuneebSi am Zeglis mimarT

interesi SedarebiT Sesustda xolo XIV saukunidan isixasturi kamaTis

dros isev gaizarda (bezaraSvili 1989 145) slavur xelnawerebze

dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSic aseTive suraTi gvaqvs XI saukuneSi Zalze

gavrcelebulia pirveli slavuri Targmanebi (bulgareTSi Sesrulebuli

X-XI saukuneebSi) axali slavuri Targmani (ufro zusti) Sesrulda

serbeTSi XIV saukuneSi XIV-XV saukuneebSi kidev ufro gaizarda

11

interesi ruseTSi klemaqsisadmi XV saukunidan es interesi isev ecema

(bezaraSvili 1989 145) q bezaraSvilis azriT saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul

redaqciebze dakvirvebac msgavs suraTs aCvenebs (bezaraSvili 1989 145)

rogorc aRvniSneT qarTulad Camoyalibda klemaqsis eqvsi

redaqcia

1) X saukunemdeli Semoklebuli (gamokrebili) prozauli versia (mag Sin

14 (gariti 1956) romelic arabulidanaa Targmnili (utie 1973 45)

2) eqvTime aTonelis prozauli versia (X-XI ss) romelic yvelaze meti ndash

27-mde xelnaweriT aris Cvenamde moRweuli (cincaZe 1965 6)1 igi

gamocemulia XX saukunis dasawyisSi (sineli 1902) xolo mogvianebiT

ramdenjerme gamoica axalqarTulad eqvTime aTonelis samecniero

kritikulad dadgenili teqsti ki danarTis saxiT erTvis m cincaZis

disertacias (cincaZe 1965)

3) petre gelaTelis prozauli versia (gamosacemad mzaddeba m cincaZis

mier) romelsac ori Zveli xelnaweriT mouRwevia Cvenamde A-39 (XIV s) da

ufro adrindeli daviT garejSi nikras mier gadawerili nusxa (H-1669)2

romelic cnobili iyo eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis Semcvelad da

XII-XIII saukuneebiT aTariRebdnen (metreveli 1950 96-97) rogorc m

cincaZe arkvevs nusxis dasawyisi da bolo nawilebi marTlac

eqvTimeseul teqsts Seicaven ZiriTadi Sua nawili ki aris petre

gelaTelis Targmani (cincaZe 1965 17) A-39 da H-1669 nusxebs mkvlevris

dakvirvebiT aqvs erTi saerTo wyaro romelmac sxvadasxva gadamweris

xelSi sxvadasxva cvlileba ganicada (cincaZe 1995 42) xelisa da

orTografiuli niSnebis mixedviT H-1669 xelnawers m cincaZe XI-XII

saukuneebiT aTariRebs da svams mTargmnelis petre gelaTelis

moRvaweobis periodis sakiTxs (cincaZe 1965 17) romelic XIII saukunis

moRvawed iyo miCneuli (kekeliZe 1980 331-334) q bezaraSvilis azriT es

faqti ufro gamodgeba saimisod rom aRniSnuli Targmanis avtorad ioane

petriwi miviCnioT (bezaraSvili 1987 130) ioane petriws miiCnevs avtorad

iv lolaSvilic (petriwi 1968 65-68 89) e WeliZe ar iziarebs iv

1 xelnawerebTan dakavSirebiT ix kekeliZe 1927 155 kekeliZe 1957 65

2 sxva xelnawerebi gviandelia S-344 (XVIII s) H-2346 (XVIII s) H-2188 (XIX s) (cincaZe 1995 37)

12

lolaSvilis mosazrebas da specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis

Sedegad askvnis rom mTargmneli petre gelaTelia ldquoaRniSnul TargmanSi

vlindeba sakuTriv gelaTuri (arapetriwiseuli) petriwiseuli da

sruliad axali sakuTriv petre gelaTeliseuli

terminTSesatyvisobanicrdquo (WeliZe 1996 674)

prozauli redaqciebis garda arsebobs saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi

gadamuSavebebic

1) erT aseTs eqvTimeseul Targmanze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebul

leqsiT redaqcias romelic gamosca iv lolaSvilma (petriwi 1968)

tradicia ioane petriws miawers ldquosaxeli iovane aRniSnulia 302-e

strofis kidurwerilobaSic ldquomeox meqmen mamao iovane me ndash iovanes

mosavsa Sensardquo es ioane aris petriwi amas adasturebs literaturuli

tradicia (xelnawerze darTuli anderZebi da XVIII saukunis mweralTa

cnobebi)rdquo (petriwi 1968 94) amdenad radganac teqstis avtoris

dadgenisTvis aucilebeli kvlevebi ar aris Catarebuli da amjerad arc

Cveni kvlevis interesSi Semodis aRniSnul teqsts pirobiTad ioane

petriwiseulad movixseniebT

2) sxva anonimi avtoris mier damuSavebuli grigol nazianzelis

TxzulebebSi CarTuli poeturi redaqciis fragmentebi qeTevan

bezaraSvilma aRmoaCina teqsti gamocemulia Jurnal macneSi da imave

Jurnalis or nomerSi dabeWdilia vrceli gamokvleva teqstis Sesaxeb

(bezaraSvili 1987 129-154 bezaraSvili 1989 142-162) klemaqsis axal

qarTul versias safuZvlad udevs petre gelaTelis Targmani anonimi

frazeologiuri sizustiT misdevs Tavis wyaros mkvlevris azriT es

teqsti romelic moRweulia XVIII-XIX ss xelnawerebiT unda

momdinareobdes adreuli nakluli dednidan romelic Tavis mxriv

xelnaweris prosodiis niSnebis mixedviT petriwuli saliteraturo

skolidan unda iyos gamosuli amasve miuTiTebs teqstis stilic

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-148)

bolo ori leqsiTi redaqcia XVIII saukuneze adrindeli

xelnawerebiT ar aris cnobili isini antonis saliteraturo skolis

interesebma Semogvinaxa (bezaraSvili 1989 143-144) ufro metic

13

3) saTnoebaTa kibis ukanaskneli (XVIII s) da erTgvarad Semajamebeli

redaqcia Tavad anton kaTalikoss ekuTvnis teqsti erTi S-3731

xelnaweris mixedviT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam (kukava

1996)

saTnoebaTa kibe rogorc SesavalSi aRiniSna XIII saukuneSi

uTargmniaT qarTulidan somxurad somxurad am Targmanis ori nusxa

arsebobs erTi XIII saukunis xolo meore mogviano periodis orive

nusxaSi meoce Tavis bolos Senaxulia cnoba am Zeglis somxurad

Targmnis Sesaxeb ldquonaTargmnia aqamomdis wrfelis mowesis minas mesvetis

mier qalaq trapizons xolo aqedan simeon xuces-monazonisagan qarTuli

eniTrdquo simeon xuces-monazons klemaqsis garda qarTulidan somxurad

uTargmnia ioane damaskelis wyaroAacute-codnisaAacute da prokle diadoxosis

kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni ioane petriwis sqolioebiTurT saTnoebaTa

kibis somxur Targmanze dakvirvebis Sedegad i abulaZem gaarkvia rom

sakuTriv teqsti da traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT naTargmnia petre

gelaTelis qarTuli Targmanidan xolo ganmartebebi da daniel

raiTelis mier dawerili ioane sinelis cxovreba misdevs eqvTime

aTonelis Targmans mkvlevris azriT Zeglebi romlebic simeons

uTargmnia somxurad SemTxveviT xelT Cavardnili ar Cans isini

sagangebodaa SerCeuli rogorc metad mimzidveli Txzulebebi saSualo

saukuneebSi (abulaZe 1938 128-133)

zemoT warmodgenili mcire istoriul-literaturuli eqskursis

Semdeg SevexebiT saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad istoriul

da literaturul sakiTxebs romelTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSe rogorc

aRvniSneT SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis rolisa da

adgilis gansazRvra

14

amp 1 moralur-eTikuri principebi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi

cnobilia rom qristianuli eTikis wyaro pirvel rigSi bibliaa

Sesabamisad asketuri praqtika swored bibliis eTikis gansakuTrebuli

simkacriT dacvas gulisxmobsAasketizmi qristianuli kulturis erT-

erTi fundamentia am kulturis nebismieri sferos srulyofilad

Seswavla askezis eTikuri principebis gauTvaliswineblad SeuZlebelia

Tu adre mecniereba asketizms ganixilavda rogorc mxolod uaryofiT

movlenas masSi eZebda sociumTan damokidebulebaSi oden destruqciul

midgomebs individis SemboWav da madeformirebel kategoriebs dRes

aSkarad gamoikveTa araerTi aspeqti misi rogorc dadebiTi movlenisa

Sesabamisad monoliTur dasavlur kulturaSi TiTqos xelaxlა

aRmoაCines asketizmi rogorc kulturuli movlena DdabejiTebiT

miuTiTeben rom asketizmi gvTavazobs eTikis safuZveldamdeb

motivaciebs rom asketuri Rvawlis gavlena ar Semoifargleba oden

religiuri sivrciT aramed is zemoqmedebs kulturis xelovnebis

mwerlobis ama Tu im mimarTulebis formirebaze xolo eTikuri

diskursis fonic da intenciac asketizmSia saZiebeli (xoruJi 1998 24)

raki ioane sinelis teqsti zneobrivi saxelmZRvaneloa pirvel

rigSi saWiroa gairkves eTikis roli antikur da Sua saukuneebis

kulturaSi

cnobilia rom qristianulma kulturam Tavis wiaRSi antikuri

msoflmxedvelobis erTgvari integracia moaxdina ufro metic Sua

saukuneebSi qristianuli filologiis ganviTarebis process aRweren

rogorc antikuri meTodologiisa da praqtikis rdquoqristianizaciisrdquo

process (doborjginiZe 2012 43) igive SeiZleba iTqvas Sua saukuneebis

msoflmxedvelobaze bunebrivia rom antikur-berZnul kulturaze

amozrdilma da am kulturiT nasazrdoebma qristianulma

msoflmxedvelobam memkvidreobad antikuri kulturisa da filosofiis

didi gamocdileba miiRo aqve aRvniSnavT rom platonis

filosofiasTan (saerTod klasikuri periodis eTikasTan ndash im)

qristianuli eTikisa da asketuri principebis gansakuTrebuli

siaxlovidan gamomdinare mkvlevari rv livingstoni wignSi ndash berZeni

15

geniosi da misi mniSvneloba CvenTvis (The Greek Genius and its Meaning to us)

ndash svams udavod saintereso SekiTxvas iyo Tu ara platoni asketi

(livingstoni 1912) es siaxlove samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzis

aris aRniSnuli jilian evansis marTebuli azriT filosofiur

sistemebs hqonda ara mxolod inteleqtualuri aramed praqtikul-

moraluri xasiaTic maTi mizani iyo bednierebis miRweva saTnoebebis

meSveobiT (evansi 2014 10) Sua sakuneebis qristianobis moralis

filosofia moicavs qristianuli da antikuri moralis sinTezis

mcdelobas rac qristiani moazrovnisaTvis ar unda yofiliyo rTuli

saqme ldquoTuki filosofosebi acxadebdnen rom netari cxovreba miiRweva

im adamianebis mier romlebic sakuTar dacemul bunebaze rac SeiZleba

maRla dadgomas cdiloben da yvelaferSi RmerTs baZaven mSvidi

uSfoTveli cxovrebiT rac amqveyniuri siameebisadmi da vnebebisadmi

zurgis Seqcevas niSnavs gana SeiZleboda qristians rame

sawinaaRmdego hqonoda amgvari TvalTaxedvisadmi qristianebi mxolod

am ideebis gaRrmaveba-ganviTarebas moisurvebdnen da filosofiur

sistemaSic imave gzas dasaxavdnen im filosofosebisTvis romlebic

sulis ukvdavebas aRiarebdnen bednieri cxovreba ar Semoifargleboda

mxolod amqveyniuri arsebobiT misi realizeba am cxovrebis Semdgomac

iyo SesaZlebeli ase rom qristianebi da filosofosebi ar

saubrobdnen sxvadasxva enaze garkveuli azriT qristianoba Tavad

warmoadgenda filosofiasrdquo (evansi 2014 11) miuxedavad imisa rom

antikuri filosofiisa da qristianuli kulturisTvis niSandoblivi

eTikuri principebis formaluri gamoxatuleba xSirad Tanxvdeba

gavrcelebuli azriT eTikisTvis axali epoqa iwyeba qristianobis

gariJraJze radganac antikur paganizms ar hqonia RvTisa da samyaros

urTierTobis kacobriobis erTianobisa da moraluri kanonis bunebis

Sesaxeb naTlad da zustad Camoyalibebuli koncefcia Sesabamisad am

da msgavs sakiTxebs pirvelad qristianobam mohfina naTeli

qristianobam moitana axali ideali ndash eTikuri swavlebis centrSi

daayena da upirveles cnebad aqcia siyvaruli da dasaxa axali mizani ndash

moraluri srulyofa adamianis RmerTTan mimsgavsebisTvis ldquoda

Seiyuaro ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa

16

suliTa SeniTa da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa da yovliTa ZaliTa

SeniTa ese ars pirveli mcnebaAacute Seiyuaro moyuasi Seni viTarca Tavi

Tacircsirdquo (mark 12 30-31) ufro metic ldquogiyuarded mterni Tquenni da

akurTxevdiT mwyevarTa TquenTa da keTilsa uyofdiT moZuleTa

TquenTa da ulocevdiT maT romelni gmZlavrobden Tquen da gdevniden

Tquenrdquo (mT 544) radganac Tavad RmerTia siyvaruli ldquoromelsa ara

uyuardes man ara icis RmerTi rameTu RmerTi siyuarulisaAacute arsrdquo (1 in

48) Tumca rogorc pavle mociquli gvaswavlis RmerTma moraluri

kanoni dawera im adamianTa gulebSic ki romlebic qristianuli

gamocxadebis farglebSi ar Tavsdebodnen ldquoromelni gamoaCineben

saqmesa Sjulisasa dawerilsa gulTa Sina maTTa Tana-mowamebiTa

maTda gonebisa maTisaAacuteTa da Soris urTierTas gulis sityuani

Seasmenden anu sityuas ugebdenrdquo (rom 215)

ra aris morali ratom unda iyos adamiani moraluri am kiTxvebze

sistemuri pasuxis gacemas kacobriobis istoriis yvela etapze cdiloben

platonisTvis tradiciuli saTnoebebis (moTmineba simamace

samarTlianoba RvTismosaoba) sargeblianoba damokidebulia imaze Tu

rogor exmarebian isini adamians bednierebis mopovebaSi misi azriT

bedniereba mdgomareobs sulis harmoniaSi saTnoebebi ki am procesSi

SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc amgvari fsiqikuri harmoniis aucilebeli

aspeqti

Aaristotele im varaudis sapirispirod rom moraluri principebi

aris Tandayolili fiqrobs rom moraluri saTnoeba arc Tandayolilia

da arc Teoriuli gansjiTa da swavliT miiRweva is xSiri sistematuri

praqtikiT gamomuSavdeba da gamouyeneblobiT ikargeba (buaZe 2014)

rdquosaTnoebani ar arian warmoSobilni arc bunebrivad da arc bunebis

sawinaaRmdego gziT Cven mas movipovebT da srulvyofT miCveviTrdquo (arist

nikom eTik 1103a)

epikures moZRvrebaSi eTika dafuZnebulia hedonizmze radganac aq

kargi gaigivebulia sasiamovnosTan magram WeSmariti hedonizmi

epikurelebisTvis gonebrivi simSvidea romelic gulisxmobs

crurwmenebis RmerTebis da imqveyniuri cxovrebis SiSis daZlevas

17

stoikosebisTvis eTika kargi cxovrebaa rac miiRweva bunebasTan da mis

kanonebTan harmoniaSi yofniT maTTvis Tavad saTnoebebia adamianuri

cxovrebis erTaderTi mizani maT miaCniaT rom adamians saTno cxovrebis

miRweva yvelanair pirobebSi SeuZlia amitom amqveyniur ldquosikeTeTardquo

mimarT filosofiur gulgrilobas qadageben (peri 2014)

amrigad antikur filosofiaSi adamianis telosi bednierebaa

xolo bedniereba Tavis mxriv ukavSirdeba zneobis moralis Sesabamisad

cxovrebas sainteresoa ras Tvlian moralurad berZeni filosofosebi

da ra aqvs saerTo qristianul morals antikur filosofiaSi

Camoyalibebul eTikur principebTan

amjerad Cvens mizanს ar warmoadgens qristianuli eTikis rogorc

Camoyalibebuli sistemis antikur eTikur sistemasTan zogadi mimarTebis

kvleva SemovifarglebiT ufro konkretuli amocaniT ndash calkeuli

moraluri konceptis (am SemTxvevaSi vercxlismoyvareoba sixarbe

angareba da mflangveloba nayrovaneba gemoTmoyvareoba da

TavSeukavebuloba) antikuri da qristianuli gaazrebisa da maT Soris

msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis warmoCeniT

Kklasikuri periodis udidesi warmomadgenlis platonis Teza

rom suli unda idges sxeulsa da maSasadame yovelive materialurze

maRla gadavida qristianobaSi da Tavi iCina qristian moRvaweTa

naazrevSic (kahani 2009 34) platonis idealuri saxelmwifos mcvels ar

aqvs qoneba ldquomcvelebs arc sakuTari saxl-kari unda hqondeT arc miwa-

wyali da arc sxva ram avladideba isini mosaxleobisgan iReben sursaT-

sanovages TavianTi samsaxuris sanacvlod da erTad moixmaren mas Tuki

surT WeSmariti mcvelebi erqvaTrdquo (plat saxelmw 1913) amdenad SuRli

da dava adamianis mesakuTruli bunebis gamo warsuls bardeba da

materialuri Rirebulebebis tyveobisgan Tavisufali suli mzadaa

Sesamecneblad

rac Seexeba aristoteles misi filosofia deskrifciulia igi

Tanadrouli sazogadoebisTvis tipur eTikur principebs aRwers

bdquosaTnoeba aris Tviseba SeZenili SerCevis safuZvelze igi CvenTvis

3 citatebs platonis saxelmwifodan vuTiTebT baCana bregvaZis Targmanidan

18

Sualedur mdgomareobas warmoadgens Sualedi ki or borotebas Soris

ndash siWarbesa da naklebobas Sorisaaldquo (arist nikom eTik 1107a) amitom

aristoteles eTikis mixedviT idealuria Sualeduri mdgomareoba

siZunwesa da mflangvelobas Soris amgvar adamians bdquoaxasiaTebs gacema

imaze viszec saWiroa miReba imisgan visganac saWiroa da armiReba

imisgan visganac araa saWiroldquo (arist nikom eTik 1120a)

naklebad radikaluri damokidebuleba aqvT materialur

RirebulebebTan mimarTebaSi romael filosofosebs seneka amtkicebs

rom simdidre TavisTavSi ar moicavs borotebas Tumca is SeiZleba iyos

amis mizezic igi ar gamoricxavs saTnoebis mopovebis SesaZleblobas

qonebis daxmarebiTac (De Vita Beata) ciceronis azriTac simdidre

SeiZleba iyos saTnoebis winapiroba Tumca ara aucilebeli (grifini

1976 296)

materialuri Rirebulebebisadmi ebraelTa damokidebuleba Cans

Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi k perotas azriT Raribi daculia RvTisagan

imdenad ramdenadac damqiravebelma droulad da samarTlianad unda

gadauxados gasamrjelo daqiravebuls rac ara marto Raribs icavs

usamarTlobisgan aramed damqiravebelsac zedmeti simdidris

dagrovebisgan (perota 2004 44) Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT materialur

simdidres aqvs maRali faseuloba bibliuri abraami isaaki iakobi

solomoni agroveben qonebas romelic aris RvTiuri nebis niSani Tumca

amavdroulad Zveli aRTqma moiTxovs mdidrisgan Raribis daxmarebas

rac Seexeba axal aRTqmas aq simdidre gaazrebulia

erTmniSvnelovnad negatiur konteqstSi rogorc damabrkolebeli

faqtori RvTis mcnebebis aRsrulebis gzaze ldquoda zrunvani amis

soflisani da sacTuri simdidrisaAacute SeuAtildedis da SeaSTvian sityuaAacute igi

da unayofo iqmnisrdquo (mark 419) ieso gamoricxavs RmerTisa da mamonas

samsaxurs erTdroulad radgan ldquomdidari Zniad Sevides sasufevelsa

caTasa da merme getyAcirc Tquen uadviles ars aqlemi ganslvad Atildeurelsa

nemisisa vidre mdidari Seslvad sasufevelsa caTasardquo (mT 19 23ndash24)

amitom igi kategoriulad mouwodebs morwmuneebs bdquoganyideniT monagebni

19

Tquenni da mieciT qvelis-saqme da yavT Tavisa Tquenisa safase romeli

ara daZueldesldquo (lk 12 33ndash34)

axali aRTqmis es xazi qristianobaSi mogvianebiT patristikuli

literaturiTa da asketuri moRvaweobiT gagrZelda radganac asketuri

moRvaweobis sabasizo saTnoebas axloblebTan ganSorebasTan erTad

yovelgvari materialuris uaryofa warmoadgenda amgvarma tendenciam

moitana samonastro sazogadoebebis Camoyalibeba metic gamoikveTa am

tendenciis kidev ufro mkveTri forma ndash sociumisgan (samonastro

sazogadoebisganac ki) gamdgari martodmyofoba da bunebrivia rom mis

erT-erT fundamentur principad iqca upovareba

Aasketuri moqmedeba iTxovs koncentracias sakuTar Sinagan

samyaroze maqsime aRmsarebeli ambobs bdquonetari goneba ukan moitovebs ra

yovelive (materialurs) dausruleblad tkbeba saRvTo mSvenierebis

(xilviT)ldquo (PG Vol 90 964D) amitomac eklesiis mamebi uaryofdnen kerZo

sakuTrebas da sxvebsac amisken mouwodebdnen netari avgustines azriT

simdidris dagroveba ar aris Rirebuli mizani qristianisTvis imave

azrs imeorebs klimenti aleqsandrieli (granti 2004 49) ioane

sinelisUsaTnoebaTa kibeSi romelic ajamebs ZiriTad qristianul

saTnoebebs calke Tavi eZRvneba vercxlismoyvareobas teqstis avtori

Teologiur sakiTxebSi Rrma gawafulobis garda amJRavnebs adamianis

fsiqologiis safuZvlian codnas amitomac axerxebs Caswvdes ama Tu im

vnebis warmomSobi adamianuri bunebis yvelaze dafarul da Rrma Sreebs

ldquovecxlis-moyvarebaAacute Tayvanis-cemaAacute ars kerpTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 277)

ldquodasawyisi vercxlis-moyvarebisaAacute arn gulis-sityuaAacute mowyalebisaAacute xolo

aRsasruli misi arn siZulili glaxakTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 278)

vercxlismoyvareoba gamoricxavs sulze zrunvas ldquoxolo romeli

ityodis Tu orive maqundeso igi Tavsa TAcircssa acTunebsrdquo (sineli 1965

277)

qristianuli eTikis kidev erTi centraluri principi nayrovanebis

vnebasTan brZolaa saqme isaa rom mankiereba ar aris TviTkmari

radganac yovel vnebas sxva vneba udevs safuZvlad da Tavadac sxva

vnebis Semoqmedia amgvar Sexedulebas adamianis qcevaze xangrZlivi

20

dakvirveba udevs safuZvlad asea gagebuli codvis raoba antikur

filosofiaSic da qristianul saazrovno sivrceSic Pplatoniს azriT

mravalferovani sakvebi aRviraxsnilobis mizezia rac xels uSlis da

azarmacebs mcvels brZolis velze (plat saxelmw 112) amasTanave

mankierebis sxvadasxva gamovlineba miuTiTebs adamianis xasiaTis ama Tu

im sisusteze magaliTad aristotelesTvis nayrovaneba TavSeukaveblobaa

da gasakicxia ndash ldquobunebriv miswrafebaTagan cotaa iseTi romelic

gvacTunebs da isic erT SemTxvevaSi gadaWarbebis dros radgan Wama an

sma imisa rac mogxvdeba sanam mucels ar amoiyorav niSnavs bunebrivi

zomis gadaWarbebas magram Sevseba imisa rac aklia adamians aris

bunebrivi moTxovnileba isini romlebic saWiroze metad iyoraven

mucels Rormucelebi arian aseTebi monuri bunebisa arianldquo (arist

nikom eTik 1118b) igi am sakiTxSic zomierebis momxrea Tvlis ra rom

bdquojanmrTelobas Rupavs zedmeti an naklebi saWmeli da sasmelildquo (arist

nikom eTik 1104a) amgvarad platonic da aristotelec gadaWarbebuli

saWmlis miRebisgan Tavis mozRudvas ormagi funqciiT tvirTaven ndash

zrunva fizikur janmrTelobaze da nayrovanebisgan warmoSobili

mankierebebisgan (rogoricaa siZva mrisxaneba ulmobeloba da aS) Tavis

arideba rac adamianis sulis misi xasiaTis sworad formirebis

winapirobaa

Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT egviptelTa tyveobidan Tavdaxsnil

ebraelebs bdquogulman uTqua gulisTqmaAacute dasxda da tiroda da Zeni

israAgravelisanica maT Tana da ityodes vin mces Cuen Atildeorci da vWamoT

ldquo(ricx 11 4-5) ufalma mouvlina maT xorci bdquoda Atildeorci igi iyoRa pirsa

Sina maTsa da arRa moklebul iyo da ufali ganrisxna ersa mas zeda da

mosra eri igi wylulebiTa didiTa friadldquo (ricx 11 33) klasikuri xanis

moazrovneTa msgavsad Zvel aRTqmaSic nayrovaneba sxva mankierebebis

safuZvlad miiCneva bdquogarna ese usjuloebaAacute sodomisa disa Senisa

ampartavanebaAacute da sisavsiTa purisaAacuteTa da iefobiTa nukveulobda igi da

asulni misnibdquo (ezek 16 49)

am eTikur xazs agrZelebs axali aRTqmac ldquoda vhrqua sulsa Cemsa

sulo gaqus mravali keTili daunjebuli mravalTa welTa ganisuene

21

Wame da su da ixarebd hrqua mas RmerTman ugunuro amas Ramesa migiRon

suli Seni Sengan ege romel moimzade visa iyosrdquo L(lk 1219-20)

nayrovanebasTan brZola SesaZlebelia marxviT romelic kargad

nacnobi praqtikaa aramarto antikuri-berZnuli samyarosTvis (orfeosis

kultis mimdevrebiDdionises kulti piTagorelebi) aramed TiTqmis

yvela religiuri Tu filosofiuri sistemisTvis Tumca qristianuli

marxvis ideas gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvs ndash sakvebisgan Tavis Sekaveba

aris pirvel rigSi gonebisa da sulis ganwmendis saSualeba

gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri iyo nayrovanebasTan marxvis saTnoebiT brZola

samonastro sazogadoebaSi bdquogamaride yovelgvar sacTurs uwminduri

saWmeli rodi maSinebs aramed uwminduri vnebaldquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 46) ndash wers netari avgustine igi nayrovanebasTan brZolis magaliTs

Tavadve iZleva ldquodResdReobiT ki siamovnebad miCans es aucilebloba da

me vebrZvi am sitkboebas (nayrovaneba ndashim) raTa misi tyve ar gavxde esaa

yoveldRiuri brZola marxulobiTa da bdquoxorcis daTrgunviTldquo (net

avgust aRs X XXXI 43) qristianuli asketizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

iyo rogorc eqstremalurad radikaluri meTodebiT brZola ama Tu im

vnebis dasamarcxeblad ise zomiereba am brZolaSi netari

avgustinesTvis sakvebis zomieri miRebaa nayrovanebasTan brZolis

yvelaze gonivruli forma bdquopirs ise unda amosdo lagami rom arc

Zalumad movzidoT da arc sul mivuSvaT sadaverdquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 47) am xazs agrZelebs ioane damaskeliც igi aucileblad miiCnevs

bunebiseul da aucilebel sxeulebriv moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas

imisTvis rom sxeulma ar dakargos sasicocxlo Zalebi radganac RvTis

mcnebebis aRsrulebas sulierTan erTad sWirdeba fizikuri Zalisxmevac

bdquosxeuliseul siamovnebaTagan nawili aris erToblivad bunebiseulic da

aucilebeliac romlebis gareSe SeuZlebelia sicocxle rogorebicaa

magaliTad sinaklulis Semavsebeli saWmeli da aucilebeli samosirdquo

(ioan damask gard 2000 364) Tumca zomiereba ioane damaskelis azriTac

gadamwyveti faqtoria sulieri harmoniis SesanarCuneblad bdquonawili

(siamovnebebi ndash im) arc aucilebelia da arc bunebiseuli rogorc

magaliTad simTvrale avxorcoba da nayrovaneba arc ametebs saWiroebas

22

radgan isini arc Cveni sicocxlis ganmtkicebas emsaxurebian da arc

modgmis memkvidreobiTobas aramed piriqiT zians gvayenebenldquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 364) nayrovaneba safuZveli SeiZleba iyos

TavSeukaveblobis rac Tavis mxriv azianebs sxeuls ryvnis suls da

abnelebs gonebas amis sapirispirod bdquomarxva kurnavs sulier Wrilobebs

da aaxlebs codviT gaxrwnil suls igi ganamtkicebs gonebas

Stagvagonebs RvTis SiSs anadgurebs vnebebs aTvinierebs zraxvebs rdquo

(ioan oqrop marxv 1991)

nayrovanebis vnebaze msjelobas ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibiT

davasruleb ldquomTavari eSmakTaAacute ars zeciT gardamovrdomili igi mTiebi

da mTavar vnebaTa ars simaZRre muclisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 233) rogorc

vxedavT ioane sineli Tavisi winamorbedebis msgavsad miiCnevs rom

gadametebuli ZRoma safuZvels udebs yvelanair codvas da

gansakuTrebiT aRvivebs vnebebs ldquosimaZRre WamadTaAacute mamaAacute ars siZvisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 225) igia saTave yovelgvari mankierebis ldquopirmSoAacute Cemi ars

siZvaAacute da Semdgomad misa ndash sificxe gulisaAacute da mesameAacute ars Zili da

merme ndash zRuaAacute gulis-sityuaTaAacute da Relvani Seginebisani da ufskruli

gamouTqumelTa da miuTxrobelTa arawmidebaTaAacute Cemgan gamovals asulni

Cemni arian mconarebaAacute mraval-metyuelebaAacute kadnierebaAacute da gancxromaAacute

sicili cilobaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 236) is rac gaxda mizezi ldquodacemasa mas

adamissa warwymedasa esavissa momsrvelsa israeAgravelTasa noes

Seuracxebasa gomornelTa damwuvelsa loTis bralobasardquo (sineli 1965

235) ioane sinelisTvis nayrovanebasTan brZolis saukeTeso gza

zomierebaa da Tanmimdevrulobaa

zemoT warmodgenili masala naTelyofs rom nayrovanebis vnebis

antikuri filosofiuri da Sua saukuneebis qristianuli gaazreba

Zalzed msgavsia

amrigad morali zneoba universaluri kategoriaa ara romelime

erTi religiis an kulturis monapovari aramed kacobriobis mdidari

sulieri gamocdilebis nayofi qristianulma msoflmxedvelobam

memkvidreobad miiRo antikur kulturaSi Camoyalibebuli da Teoriulad

kargad gaazrebuli moralur-eTikuri principebi romelmac axali

msoflmxedvelobis wiaRSi garkveuli transformacia ganicada amasTan

23

qristiani mamebi ara marto amCnevdnen aramed miuTiTebdnen kidec

antikuri tradiciis gangrZobadobaze da mas RvTis arsis absolutur

sikeTed gaazrebis konteqstSi ganixilavdnen bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi

bunebasa Sina Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa

dambadebeli ars RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier

Cuen Soris rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca

warmarTnica swyaloben kacsaldquo (sineli 1965 394) es siaxlove

gansakuTrebiT maSinaa mosalodneli roca axali msoflmxedveloba

yalibdeba iseTi Zlieri kulturis wiaRSi rogoricaa antikuri

berZnuli civilizacia amdenad qristianuli teqstis kvleva

aucileblad moiTxovs antikuri berZnuli tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebas

ramdenadac vfiqrobT es aris uwyveti erTiani saazrovno procesi

24

amp 2 saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis sakiTxi

saTnoebaTa kibis teqstze darTul werilSi ioane raiTeli ioane

sinels sTxovs rom asketur gzaze Semdgar moRvaweTaTvis Tavis

mravalferovan praqtikul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT aRweros

sulisTvis margebeli rCevebi marTlac 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi asketur

RvawlSi myofi ioane sineli saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnisas xelmZRvanelobs

sakuTari praqtikuli gamocdilebiT magram ioane sinelis Sroma aris

avtoris samonastro cxovrebis mdidari gamocdilebisa da winare

tradiciis erTgvari sinTezi (ueari 1982 59) Sua saukuneebis

Teologiur-filosofiur literaturaSi ioane sinelis Rrma

ganswavlulobaze metyvelebs erTi mxriv zedwodeba ndash ldquosqolastikosirdquo

xolo meore mxriv TxzulebaSi gamoyenebuli mravalferovani wyaroebi

saTnoebaTa kibis zogierT wyaroze teqstSive gvxvdeba miniSneba xolo

sxva danarCeni gamovlenilia specialuri samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad

winamdebare paragrafi imdenad aris mniSvnelovani qarTuli

filologiisTvis ramdenadac cxadia rom saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT

Sua saukuneebis qarTveli mkiTxveli ecnoba ara mxolod asketur-

mistikuri Janris brwyinvale Zegls aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac

romelsac Txzuleba emyareba

mkvlevar andrei kordoCkins SeniSnuli aqvs rom Cveulebriv

klasikuri wyaroebis gamoyenebisas ioane sineli ase miuTiTebs bdquoΚαigrave θαῦμα

ὄντως πῶς καί Ἑλληνές τι τοιοῦτον ἐφθέγξαντο ἐπεigrave καigrave φιλοσοφίαν τοῦτο εἶναι ὁρίζονται

μελέτην θανάτουldquo (PG Vol 88 797 C) ldquosakAcircrvel ars viTar warmarTaca esreT

sTnda ese vidreRa Tques viTarmed sibrZne AtildesenebaAacute ars sikudilisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 161) ldquoda sakAcircrvel namdAcirclve viTar da ellinTaca eseviTari

raAacuteme aRmoTques vinaAacuteTgan da filosofosobadca amas gansazRvreben

yofad wurTasa sikudilisasardquo (A-39 63v)4 mkvlevris azriT ioane sinelis

zemoTmoyvanili azris wyaroa cnobili pasaJi platonis fedonidan (Pl

Phaed 67e) magram uSvebs SesaZleblobas rom sineli sxva qristiani

4 adgilebs petre gelaTelis Targmanidan am da sxva SemTxvevebSic vimowmebT prof m cincaZis mier kritikulad dadgenili teqstidan (A-39 H-1669) romelic mzaddeba gamosacemad

25

avtorebis klimenti aleqsandrielis (Strom 5 11 67) evsevi kesarielis

(Praep Evangel 11 27 18) grigol nazianzelis (Or 277) evagres (Pract 52)

kirile skviTopolelis (Vita Cyriaci 230) Sromebidan icnobdes platons da

ara uSualod (kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

saTnoebaTa kibe upirveles yovlisa religiuri teqstia da

bunebrivia rom igi gajerebulia citatebiT (masSi xandaxan mTeli

pasaJebia moyvanili) Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebidan qarTuli

TargmanebSi gamoyenebuli bibliuri citatebis wyaros sakiTxi calke

kvlevis sagania aq aRvniSnavT rom prof m cincaZis dakvirvebiT eqvTime

aToneli bibliuri citatebis gamoyenebisas zog SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba

bibliis teqstis qarTul redaqciebs zogjer ki pirdapir sinelis

teqsts Targmnis fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadad

gamoyenebulia a redaqcia (SaniZe 1960) (cincaZe 1965 100-105) rac Seexeba

petre gelaTelis Targmans iv lolaSvilis dakvirvebiT saTnoebaTa

kibis petre gelaTeliseul TargmanSi bibliuri teqstebi damowmebulia

ara giorgi mTawmindelis aramed ioane WimWimelis redaqciidan (petriwi

1968 30) amis sapirispirod prof m cincaZe (Sesabamis faqtobrivi

masalis damowmebiT) Tvlis rom petre gelaTeli bibliur citatebs

misTvis Cveuli akribiiT uSualod berZnuli teqstidan Targmnis xolo

fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad qarTul g redaqcias (SaniZe

1960) misdevs (cincaZe 1965 100-105)

saTnoebaTa kibeSi gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans Sua saukuneebis

Teologiis Cinebuli codna rogorc aRvniSneT ioane sineli xSirad

Tavadve miuTiTebs wyaroebze ndash avtoritetul qristian avtorebze

origeneze evagre pontoelze igi origenes kicxavs im cnobili

koncefciisTvis (apokatastasisi) romlis mixedviTac saboloo xsna

gadarCena uklebliv yvelasTvis aris SesaZlebeli (PG Vol 88 865A)

ldquovekrZalneT yovelni da ufroAacutes xolo dacemulni rameTu ara

daemkAcircdros gulTa CuenTa uRmrToAacutesa origenes seni rameTu RmrTisa

kacT-moyuarebasa wina-hyofs bilwi igi da Asesawynarebel iqmnebis gemoAacutes-

moyuareTa da udebTa mierrdquo (sineli 1965 151) evagre pontoeli origenes

Tanamoazrea maTi swavleba dagmo 553 wlis msoflio krebam ioane sineli

akritikebs evagre pontoels ukideresi askezisaken mowodebisTvis

26

ldquohgonebda ubadruki da sawyalobeli evagre viTarmed ubrZnes brZenTasa

ars sityAcircTa da gulisAtildemis-yofiTa aramed scTa ugulisAtildemoAacute igi da

ugunurTa uugunures ipova mravalTa zeda saqmeTa da erTad amas zeda

rameTu ityAcircs viTarmed raJams mravalTa sanovageTa mimarT suridis

sulsa Cuensa maSin SevaiwroT igi puriTaca da wyliTa xolo ese msgavs

ars viTarmca vin hrqua mciresa yrmasa viTarmed ldquoerTiTa nabijiTa

aRAtildeed Tavsa kibisasardquo (sineli 1965 227) saTnoebaTa kibis es polemikuri

paTosi logikuria radganac sul raRac erTi saukune Tu iqneba gasuli

553 wlis msoflio krebis Semdeg romelzec dagmes origenesa da evagre

pontoelis swavlebebi miuxedavad amisa sakiTxi jer isev aqtualuria

radgan aleqsandriuli skolis am ori didi warmomadgenlis

Teologiuri swavlebebi sakmaod Zlier gavlenas axdens ara marto maT

Tanamedrove aramed momdevno epoqis qristian moazrovneebzec

safiqrebelia rom swored maTi popularobidan gamomdinare ioane

sineli romelic aseve iyo Tavisi drois uaRresad avtoritetuli

moRvawe upirispirdeba origenesa da evagres swavlebebs ioane sinelis

Sromis polemikur xasiaTze miuTiTebs berZnul xelnawerSi daculi

teqstis erT-erTi saTauric sityva origenes winaaRmdeg (Λόγος κατά

Οριγένους) Tumca am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT samecniero literaturaSi

azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa magaliTad bogdanoviCi fiqrobs rom ldquogonieri

locvisrdquo ioane sineliseuli koncefcia rogorc RvTis wvdomis

erTaderTi saSualeba warmodgenilia evagre pontoelis romelic Tavis

mxriv ganicdida origenes did gavlenas naazrevSi (bogdanoviCi 1978 151)

an kidev miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli evagresa da origenes

misamarTiT polemikur mimarTvebs ar iSurebs is mainc ldquoevagristiardquo (beki

1959 353-354) igi evagres kvaldakval iyenebs evagreseul termins ldquoλογισμόςrdquo

ldquovnebisrdquo mniSvnelobiT (bogdanoviCi 1968 154)

meore mxriv rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT ioane sineli sxvadasxva

mizniT xSirad imowmebs avtoritetul saeklesio moRvaweebs (PG Vol 88

717B) ioane kasianes ndash ldquomorCilebisagan simdable viTarca vTquT da

simdablisagan gankiTxvaAacute viTarca Tqua didman kasiane gankiTxvisa Tavsa

Sinardquo (sineli 1965 111) grigol nazianzelს (PG Vol 88 949A) ndash

27

ldquoromelnime ityAcircan viTarmed cudad-mzuaobrebaAacute da ampartavnebaAacute

ganyofilni arian urTierTas amisTAcircs rvad saxel-sdeben TavTa maT

vnebaTahellip xolo RmrTis-metyueli grigoli da sxuani mravalni kualad

SAcircdad ityAcircan vnebaTa maTrdquo (sineli 1965 301) (PG Vol 88 1064A)

bdquodabadebulni yovelnive ukueTu viTar daibadnes masve bunebasa zeda

arian viTar me xati var RmrTisaAacute da TiAtildeasa amas Tana aRreul var ndash

viTarca ityAcircs didi grigoli RmrTis-metyuelildquo (sineli 1965 420) efrem

asurs (PG Vol 88 1148D) ldquovin moigo amas sawuTrosa pirvel mermisa mis

saukunoAacutesa uvnebelobaAacute da sisrule eseviTari viTar asurman manrdquo

qarTuli Targmanis aSiaze dakonkretebulia ldquomamasa efrems ityAcircsrdquo

(sineli 1965 504)

rogorc Aandrei kordoCkini miuTiTebs ioane sineli aseve

sargeblobs apofTegmebiT ldquonu daiviwyeb yovelTa dReTa cxorebisa

SenisaTa moRuawesa mas didsa romelsa aTvrametsa welsa ara esma

moZRurisagan AtildeorcieliTa sasmeneliTa Tu cxovndi xolo SinaganTa maT

yurTa maradRe esmoda uflisagan araTu cxondi rameTu ese sityuaAacute ars

locvisa da ucnauri aramed esreT esmoda viTarmed scxondi romeli ese

ganCinebuli ars da mtkiceAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 111 PG Vol 88 717C Sdr alph John

the Theban) ldquoyovladve aravisTAcircs jer-ars raAacuteTamca locvasa Sina saqmesa

iqmoda rameTu ese keTilad guaswava angelozman man romeli netarisa

antonisa moida rameTu iqmn AtildeelT-saqmarsa da merme aRdis locvadrdquo

(sineli 1965 291 PG Vol 88 937D Sdr alph Anthony 1) bdquoicis Tqmuli ese man

romeli pirvel kanjarTa ubrZanebda da erCdes mas xolo ukunaAacutesknel

sulTa ganmrxwnelTa maT kanjarTa mier eSmakTa damorCilebuli da

mokicxul iqmna da romel-igi zecisa puriTa izardeboda xolo

ukuanaAacutesknel keTilisa misgan gamoeAtildeua da sakAcircrveli ese ars romel

Semdgomad sinanulad moslvisa misisa ityoda mwuxarebiT da simwariT

winamZRuari Cueni antoni viTarmed ndash didi sueti daecao xolo saxe

dacemisa misisaAacute dafara yovlad brZenman man rameTu icoda viTarmed-

siZvaAacute iyo AtildeorciTa da Tacircnier sxAcircsa AtildeorcTa Sexebisaldquo (sineli 1965 248

PG Vol 88 885C Sdr alph Anthony 14) ldquosaxed locvisa gaqundin qurivi igi

Wirveuli mosajulisagan misisa xolo saxe dayudebisa ars didi igi da

28

angelozTa swori dayudebuli arsenirdquo (sineli 1965 474 PG Vol 88 1112D

Sdr alph Arsenius 7 2544) teqstis qarTveli mTargmnelebi rogorc ukve

vnaxeT zog SemTxvevaSi roca amis saWiroebas xedaven metateqstis

saSualebiT azusteben informacias5 ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena megAcircptelman man

romelman Tqua viTarmed ara meSinis uflisaganrdquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol

88 1148D Sdr alph Anthony 32) aSiaze miweril SeniSvnaSi ndash ldquomamasa antonis

ityAcircsrdquo igulisxmeba anton didi rogorc anton kaTalikosi azustebs

Tavis redaqciaSi SeniSvnis saxiT an kidev ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena

romelman-igi iloca raAacuteTamca miiqces vnebani misdave da hbrZodes masrdquo

aSiaze minaweri ldquoiovanes ityAcircs moklesardquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol 88 1148D

Sdr Alph John the Dwarf 13) ldquoesreT iyo romelman ndash igi puri da yveli

Atildeelad miiRo (zogierT nusxaSi aRniSnul sityvas axlavs SeniSvna

ldquoserapionrdquo ndash m c ndash miTiTeba amba serapionze ndash i m) da dajda karTa zeda

TAcircsTa gardarTxmiT Zelsa zeda da aCuena man eseviTari simdable da

kualad sxuaman man muSakman siwmidisaman romelman samoseli TAcircsi

aRiZarcua da vidoda uvnebelad qalaqsa Sinardquo (sineli 1965 360 PG Vol 88

997C Sdr Historia Lausiaca 3716) ndash paladi helenepoleli ndash lavsaikoni

(kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

sxva pirdapiri miniSneba uSualo wyaroebze teqstSi ar gvxvdeba

amitom maTi gamovlena aris erT-erTi principuli sakiTxi saTnoebaTa

kibis kvlevis procesSi da amdenad igi sagangebo Seswavlis sagnad iqca

kerZod kalistos ueari swavlobda markoz monazonis Sromebis gavlenas

ioane sinelis teqstze (sakiTxi Seswavlilia sadisertacio naSromis

farglebSi romelic samwuxarod ar aris gamoqveynebuli) (ueari 1965 458-

459) folkeri amtkicebs rom ipova asamde msgavsi pasaJi saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstsa da Razeli mamebis barsanofes ioane Razelis da doreTe

Razelis Sromebs Soris (folkeri 1968 V7) d bogdanoviCi amba isaias

gavlenas xedavs (bogdanoviCi 1968 156-157) saTnoebaTa kibis Semdeg

pasaJSi ldquoviTarca SeuZlebel ars erTiTa TualiTa zecad xedvad da

meoriTa queyanad egreTve SeuZlebel ars Tumca ara evno sulsa romeli

5 SesaZloa ioane sineli imowmebdes im periodis qarTuli saazrovno sivrcisTvis naklebad cnobil moRvawes azrs an naklebad cnobil biografiul detals misi cxovrebidan

29

ara ucxo iqmnes srulad TacircsTagan gonebiTa anu Atildeorcieladrdquo (sineli 1965

51 PG Vol 88 668D Sdr Abba Isaiah Ascet151) (kordoCkini 2003 22) imave

bogdanoviCis azriT urisxvelobis morCilebisa da sulieri winamZRvris

mniSvnelobaze msjelobisas saTnoebaTa kibeSi igrZnoba amba barsanufis

gavlena (bogdanoviCi 1968 156) saTnoebaTa kibeSi bevri pirdapiri citata

da fraza gvxvdeba nilos sinelis Sromebidanac (buxvaldi 1982 400) aseve

saubroben ioane sinelis Sromaze ioane mosxis cnobili Txzulebis

limonaris gavlenazec es gavlena gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba 26-e sityvaSi

gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) (proxorovi 1985

254)

cnobilia rom Sua saukuneebis teqstis wyaroebis kvlevas

arTulebs medievisturi msoflmxedvelobis monoliTuroba xSir

SemTxvevaSi rTulia imis dadgena uSualo gavlenasTan gvaqvs saqme Tu

saerTო tradiciasTan (kordoCkini 2003 21-22) amdenad epoqis specifikidan

gamomdinare (Temebis interesebis tradiciebis msoflmxedvelobis

mTlianoba) rTulia sasuliero xasiaTis teqstis wyaroebis zusti

identifikacia samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad gamovlenil saTnoebaTa

kibis zemoT miTiTebuli wyaroebis garda yuradRebas SevaCerebT kidev

or Cveni azriT sainterso monakveTze romelsac SesaZloa safuZvlad

edos ioane sinelis epoqisTvis kargad cnobili da popularuli

antikuri da neoplatonuri koncefciebi cxadia am SemTxvevaSic

saorWofoa saubari imaze sargeblobs Tu ara sineli uSualod

pirvelwyarodan dasaSvebia Sualeduri teqstis arseboba reminiscencia

an tipologiuri msgavseba magram arc is aris gamoricxuli rom saqme

gvqondes uSualo gavlenasTan miT umetes rom ioane sineli Rrmad

ganaTlebuli saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiur sakiTxebSi kargad

Caxeduli mweralia

saTnoebaTa kibis 26-e safexurSi gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-

yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) vkiTxulobT ldquoraJams orni borotni moiwivnen

jer-ars udaresisa gamorCevaAacute viTar-igi vdgiT raAacute locvasa Sina da

movidis ZmaAacute vinme da erTisa orTaganisa qmnaAacute Tana-guedvis anu datevebaAacute

locvisaAacute anu ara xilvaAacute Zmisa mis da SewuxebaAacute misi maSin ukue

30

gulisAtildema-vyoT viTarmed uaRres da uzeSTaes ars siyuaruli locvisasa

rameTu locvaAacute TaviT TacircsiT oden erTi saTnoebaAacute ars xolo siyuaruli

Semkrebeli ars yovelTa saTnoebaTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 396) ori borotebidan

naklebi borotebis arCeva momdinareobs cnobili miTologemidan

ldquoscilasa da qaribdas Sorisrdquo gavla romelic ukavSirdeba odisevsis

mogzaurobas odisevsi irCevs scilasTan axlos gavlas rogorc ori

borotebidan ufro naklebs man am arCevanis gamo dakarga eqvsi

Tanamgzavri Tumca xomaldi gadaarCina daRupvas rac qaribdasTan

axlos gavlis SemTxvevaSi emuqreboda es azri aqtiurad cirkulirebs

antikur filosofiaSic kerZod dialogSi protagora platoni ambobs

rom Tuki adamians aqvs arCevani or borotebas Soris igi ar airCevs

ufro did borotebas roca aris naklebi borotebis arCevis saSualeba

ἔστι τοῦτο ὡς ἔοικεν ἐν ἀνθρώπου φύσει ἐπὶ ἃ οἴεται κακὰ εἶναι ἐθέλειν ἰέναι ἀντὶ τῶν

ἀγαθῶν ὅταν τε ἀναγκασθῇ δυοῖν κακοῖν τὸ ἕτερον αἱρεῖσθαι οὐδεὶς τὸ μεῖζον αἱρήσεται ἐξὸν

τὸ ἔλαττον (Plat Prot 358cd) es azri aristotelesTanac gaielvebs erTgan

Tumca ara ise mkveTrad rogorc platonisa da ioane sinelis teqstebSi

miuxedavad imisa rom aristotele nikomaqes eTikaSi dasaSvebad miiCnevs

saSuals or ukiduresobas Soris romelTac igi borotebad ganixilavs

filosofosi ganmartavs rom amgvari saSualis migneba adamianisTvis did

siZnelesTan aris dakavSirebuli amitom ldquovinc Suisken iswrafvis is

pirvel yovlisa rac SeiZleba metad unda daSordes kidur mxareebs

rogorc kalifsoc gvirCevs ldquomoaride gemi qafsa da talRasrdquo

mopirdapire mxareebidan erTi ufro metad aris mcdari meore ndash

naklebad SuaSi moxvedra ki Zalian Znelia amitom ambobs is rom meored

curvisas unda SearCio naklebad cudi gzardquo (arist nikom eTik 1109a) es

konceptualuri xazi grZeldeba vefxistyaosanSic vgulisxmob sasiZos

mokvlis epizods romelic swored aristoteles koncefciis WrilSi

aqvs gaanalizebuli profesor elguja xinTibiZes (xinTibiZe 2009 409-410)

aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom aristoteles saSualze msjelobisas

mkvlevari imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciidan

Semdeg originalur strofebs

ldquoumankosa hrwamn yovelive simSvidiT

moiTmens igi satkivarsa yovelsa

31

moyusisa mimarT tkbil ars da saxierca

mdabal da maRal saSualsa zeda myof (238)

romelman Zalni gonierad keTilad

sazomsa zeda ipyrnes saSualobiT

ar midrkebodes marjul gina marcxeniT

aras ivnebdes moRuawe moiTmendes

mas ewodebis uvnebel sakuTrebiT (287)rdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saTnoebaTa kibis qarTvel avtors eTikur

saTnoebebze msjelobisas yoveli saTnoebis umaRles kategoriad swored

ldquosaSualirdquo miaCnia (citirebuli konteqstis berZnuli teqstis Sesabamis

adgilebSi ldquosaSualzerdquo saubari ar Cans) (xinTibiZe 2009 394) SesaZloa

zemoT citirebul strofebs prozauli Targmanis Sesabamis TavSi

uSualo wyaro ar eZebnebodes magram Sua saukuneebis es cnobili

koncefcia ioane sinelis teqstisTvis aSkarad nacnobia miT ufro rom

aRniSnuli Teza popularulia Sua saukuneebisa da Semdegi periodis

filosofiaSic (Toma aqvineli da misi mimdevrebi imanuel kanti da sxva)

zemoT warmodgenili Sexeduleba ioane sinels gamoarCevs

rogorc erT-erT yvelaze liberal qristian avtors Tumca am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxva mosazrebebic magaliTad j meiendorfi

fiqrobs rom ioane sineli moiTxovs asketizmis eqtremalur formas

Tavisi mkiTxvelisgan rac aSkarad miuTiTebs origenistul

spiritualizmze (meiendorfi 1974 70) mkiTxvelTa da mkvlevarTa

gansakuTrebul gaocebas iwveves saTnoebaTa kibis mexuTe Tavi sadac

ioane sineli aRwers gansakuTrebuli savanis dilegis momnanie mkvidrTa

yofas (PG vol 88 772AB) ldquome vixilen Zmano maT Tana muvAtildelni

dakanebulni simravlisagan muAtildelT-drekisa da Tualni maTni Semwuar

iyvnes cremlTa da siRrmed mTasrul iyvnes da Tmani maTni daefxurnes

da Rawuni maTni daebZarnes da moewylnes simravlesa mAtildeurvaleTa maT

cremlTasa da pirni maTni damdnar iyvnes da dayAcircTlebul araraAacuteTa

ganyofil iyvnes mkudarTagan da mkerdni maTni moewylnes cemiTa da

sisxlsa mtknarsa warmohyrides zedaAacuteszeda cemiTa mkerdTaAacutesardquo (sineli

1965 136) mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini teqstis am monakveTis Sesaxeb

ambobs ndash Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis saTnoebaTa kibis pasaJebi momnanie

32

berebis cxovrebidan SeiZleba ufro gavdes sakoncentracio banaks

vidre qristianul institucias Tumca iqve svams kiTxvas ndash ratom rTavs

sineli am pasaJebs teqstSi igi aranair miniSnebas ar gvaZlevs imis

Sesaxeb rom Tavis mkiTxvels mouwodebdes amgvari sinanulisken

(kordoCkini 2003 52) mkvlevari marTebulad SeniSnavs rom ioane sineli

monanulTa savanis mkvidrTa cxovrebas aRwers ara rogorc asketuri

cxovrebis idealur formas aramed rogorc ukompromiso siyvarulis

magaliTs es epizodi deskripciulia avtori ki ar Txzavs aramed

mogviTxrobs imas rac naxa da ramac gaaoca miT umetes moulodnelia

ioane sinelisgan asketizmis eqstremaluri formebis qadageba maSin roca

teqstis sxva nawilebSi igi gamoirCeva liberaluri damokidebulebiT

sxvadasxva principuli sakiTxisadmi ioane sinelis liberaluri

Sexedulebebis sailustraciod mravali magaliTis moxmobac SeiZleba

maT Soris erT-erT TvalsaCino msjelobas warmoadgens tyuilisadmi

miZRvnili Tavidan Semdegi monakveTi ldquoviTarca yovelTa vnebaTa zeda

ganyofilebani arian sasjelTani egreTve tyuilisaTAcircs rameTu sxuaAacute

sasjeli ars misi romelman SiSsaTAcircs tanjAcircsa tyua da sxua ars misi

romelman Tacircnier Wirisa raAacutesame qmna igi uSiSoebiTa RmrTisaAacuteTa sxuaman

tyua sazrdelisaTAcircs da sxuaman gemoTmoyuarebisaTAcircs da sxuaman raAacuteTa

mis Tana myofTa sicili moatyuas da sxuaman ndash raAacuteTa Zmasa Tacircssa boroti

uyosrdquo (sineli 1965 218) ioane sinels miaCnia rom RvTiuri kanonebis

darRvevisTvis sasjelis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba amgvari

qcevis mizezebi

CemTvis saintereso meore epizodi ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis

imave 26-e safexurSi gvxvdeba bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi bunebasa Sina

Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa dambadebeli ars

RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier Cuen Soris

rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca warmarTnica

swyaloben kacsa da siyuaruli bunebiTi ars rameTu pirutyunica

mwuxare iqmnebian urTierTas ganSorebisaTAcircsldquo (sineli 1965 394)

citirebuli pasaJi gvTavazobs cnobil neoplatonur koncefcias imis

Sesaxeb rom boroteba RmerTisgan ar momdinareobs Sesabamisad igi

adamianuri bunebisTvis araorganulia RvTisgan Seqmnili yvela arseba

33

dasabamidanve sikeTesTan aris naziarebi swored amitom warmarTebic ki

swyalobdnen adamianebs radgan sikeTe siyvaruli mowyaleba adamianis

arsisTvis ufro bunebrivia es Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi popularuli

Teologiuri debuleba romelic konceftualurad daamuSava fsevdo

dionise areopagelma erTi ZiriTadi Tezaa SoTa rusTavelis

vefxistyaosnis bdquoRmerTi kargsa moavlinebs av-borotsa ar dahbadebsrdquo

(str 1491)6 iv lolaSvili ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

originalur nawilze dayrdnobiT msjelobs ioane petriwis

msoflmxedvelobisa (prokle diadoxosis kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTnis

Targmanze darTuli komentarebis mixedviT) da saTnoebaTa kibeSi

asaxuli filosofiuri koncefciebis msgavsebaze mkvlevari imowmebs

saTnoebaTa kibis originaluri nawilidan azrs romelic ldquoSezavebulia

areopagituli TeoriiT keTilisa da borotis Sesaxebrdquo ndash erTi (RmerTi)

aris keTiloba yvelafris mizezi yvelafris dasabami da warmomSobi

(lolaSvili 1968 139-140)

ldquogonebisagan sityua iSobebis da

xolo amisi dasabami keTil ars

vinaAacuteTgan sxuaTa cxovelebrivTa sulTa

ZalTa yovelTa zeda-mdgom ars da uZRvis

keTilisadmi marTebs da ganawesebsrdquo (str 1057)

citirebul strofSi araferia naTqvami iseTi rac organuli ar

aris ioane sinelis msoflmxedvelobisTvis amis sailustraciod ioane

sinelis teqstidan bevri adgilis damowmebaa SesaZlebeli erT maTganze

zemoT ukve visaubreT xolo aq msjelobas davasruleb saTnoebaTa kibis

pirvelive Tavis dasawyisiT ris gamoc ioane sineli zogierT mecniers

miuxedavad origenes araerTgzis pirdapiri kritikisa misi moZRvrebis

(apokaTastasisis) gamziarebladac ki miaCnia (kordoCkini 2003 27)

ldquoyovelTa romelTa enebos da eZiebden RmerTsa epoebis maT rameTu igi

ars yovelTa RmerTi da yovelTa cxorebaAacute urwmunoTa da morwmuneTaAacute

marTalTaAacute da codvilTaAacute uvnebelTa da vnebulTaAacute RmrTis-msaxurTaAacute da

6 adgilebs vefxistyaosnidan disertaciis am da sxva nawilSic vimowmebT ak SaniZis 1966 wlis gamocmidan 7 citatebs vimowmbT iv lolaSvilis mier gamocemuli teqstidan (petriwi 1968)

34

usjuloTaAacute erisaganTaAacute da monazonTaAacute brZenTaAacute da uswavlelTaAacute

mrTelTaAacute da uZlurTaAacute WabukTa da moxucebulTaAacute viTarca sivrc

naTlisaAacute da xilvaAacute mzisaAacute da bunebaAacute haerisaAacute yovelTa zeda ars

egreTve igi ars yovelTa cxorebaAacute da amis yovlisa momcemeli da

romelnica eZiebden epoebis maT rameTu ara arc SecvalebaAacute arca

TualT-RebaAacute mis Tana arca winaSe RmrTisardquo (sineli 1965 20)

amrigad ioane sineli uaRresad ganaTlebuli RvTismetyvelia

romelic kargad icnobs Tavisi epoqisTvis aqtualur filosofiur da

Teologiur koncefciebs teqstSi patristikuli literaturisa da

bibliis gverdiT Cans antikuri filosofiis codnac amdenad klemaqsis

TargmniT qarTul saazrovno sivrceSi Semodis aramarto epoqis

umniSvnelovanesi Zegli aramed masSi gamoyenebuli mniSvnelovani

medievaluri wyaroebic

35

amp 3 saTnoebaTa kibis gavlena momdevno epoqis literaturaze

saTnoebaTa kibem didi gavlena moaxdina mTels Semdegdroindel

bizantiur kulturaze evropul samecniero literaturaSi

argumentirebuli kvlevebiT dadgenilia rom ioane sinelis teqstis

uSualo gavlenas ganicdis Sua saukunis araerTi cnobili mwerali Tu

moazrovne kerZod isixi sineli ndash ioane sinelis erT-erTi pirveli

mowafe sinas mTis iRumeni romelic araerTgzis sityvasityviT moixmobs

citatebs saTnoebaTa kibidan (beki 1959 164-165) filoTeos sineli

romelic aseve xSirad mimarTavs saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts anastasi

sineli Tavis mTavar SromaSi kiTxva-migebaAacute araerTgzis iyenebs

saTnoebaTa kibes da kibis simbolosac (bogdanoviCi 1968 159-160)

saTnoebaTa kibe popularuli iyo studiis samonastro wreSic cnobili

moRvawe Teodore studieli erT-erT locvaSi ioane sinels moixseniebs

rogorc ldquobrZen mamasrdquo (bogdanoviCi 1968 160) pirdapiri gavlena moaxdina

saTnoebaTa kibem gansakuTrebiT ki 27-e sityvam dayudebisaTAcircs da

ganSorebisa da dacvisaTAcircs gonebisa (Περί ησυχίας) svimeon axal

RvTismetyvelze (beki 1959 585) romelic misi biografis nikita

stiTatis gadmocemiT jer isev siyrmeSi studiis monasterSi

misvlisTanave gaecno ioane sinelis Txzulebas xolo mis SromebSi

bibliis Semdeg yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba citatebi saTnoebaTa kibidan

(folkeri 1968 315-327) saTnoebaTa kibis didi gavlena igrZnoba aseve

bizantiuri himnografiis cnobil Zeglze andria kritelis did kanonze

(proxorovi 1985 256)

saTnoebaTa kibis kvali Cans SedarebiT gviandeli (XIV s) epoqis

gamorCeuli moRvaweebis grigol sinelisa da grigol palamas (XIII-XIV

ss) TxzulebebSic grigol sinels Tavadac Seudgenia teqsti romelsac

safexureobrivi struqtura hqonda xolo grigol palama gansakuTrebiT

xSirad imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibes (bogdanoviCi 1968 168-172)

sasuliero literaturis garda rusi literaturaTmcodneebi

saTnoebaTa kibis kvals xedaven XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis Teodor

dostoevskisa da nikoloz gogolis SemoqmedebaSi cnobilia rom

36

dostoevskis Tan dahqonda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti da iwerda misTvis

saintereso adgilebs am gavlenis kvali yvelaze TvalsaCinoa romanSi

Zmebi karamazovebi gogolis Sinelis mTavari personaJis akakis

prototipad ki swored saTnoebaTa kibis აmave saxelis mqone personaJi

akaki miaCniaT (Кордочкин 2011)

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna Sua saukuneebis teqstSi wyarosa da

gavlenis dadgena Tuki nawarmoebSive ar gvaqvs amaze pirdapiri miTiTeba

uaRresad rTulia aRvniSneT mizezic Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturuli tradiciisa da epoqis azrovnebis mTlianoba

monoliTuroba amis miuxedavad SevecdebiT visaubroT saTnoebaTa kibis

mimarTebaze SoTa rusTavelis vefxistyaosanTan aRniSnuli

mimarTulebiT kvlevas specialur literaturaSi garkveuli tradicia

aqvs kerZod iv lolaSvils mohyavs erTi strofi ioane petriwiseuli

galeqsili variantidan

ldquowinamdebare ese ganigone Sen

dumilisa gzad dafarulad gonebad

xolo enisa metyvelebad da cxadad

warmomCenelad gulisaTa vinaAacuteTgan

sjobs saqme uAtildemo sityuasa usaqmosardquo (str 195)

petriwis es qristianul-Teologiuri Sexeduleba mkvlevris azriT

emsgavseba vefxistyaosnis cnobil taepebs ldquogagicxada damaluli

gonebaman dafarulmardquo da ldquobolos asre gaacxadna gonebaman dafarulnirdquo

orivegan ldquogonebardquo da ldquodafaruli gonebardquo aris RmerTi poemis gmirebi

eZeben nestans da ai RmerTma apovnina is qajeTis cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli

amiT man gaacxada is didi saidumlo romlis gamJRavnebiT ldquoborotsa

sZlia keTilmanrdquo termini ldquodafaruli gonebardquo nasesxebia qristianuli

filosofiuri Sromebidan da SeiZleba poeti am SemTxvevaSi saTnoebaTa

kibiTac iyos STagonebuli (petriwi 1968 140)

rusTvelis teqstsa da saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseul

Targmans Soris gvxvdeba leqsikuri Tanxvedrebic rac sagangebod aqvs

aRniSnuli m baramiZes bdquoZveli qarTuli enis leqsikonebSi ar Cans petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis rdquomicilebardquo rdquoSecilebardquo daviwyebis

37

mniSvnelobiT sainteresoa rom ldquomicilebardquo am mniSvnelobiT aris

vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoar miscildebis TinaTin misi mas visgan swvav alirdquo

ldquorad davviwydi rad mivscildirdquo

aseve petre gelaTelis redaqciis zedsarTavis ndash rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da

misgan nawarmoebi zmnizedis - rdquouWrelodrdquo mniSvneloba konteqstiTa da

eqvTimes Targmanis mixedviTac aris marTali namdvili namdvilad

marTla erTgulad rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da rdquouWrelodrdquo Targmania berZnuli

teqstis sityvebisa αποικιλος da αποικιλως (PG vol 88 1001C) romlis aTi

mniSvnelobidan erT-erTi (mecxre) aris gaqnili eSmaki cbieri mzakvari

wyaroseuli αποικιλος (uWrelo) da αποικιλως (uWrelod) Wrelis (ποικιλος) da

Wrelad (ποικιλως) sityvebis sapirispiro mniSvnelobisaa am leqsikur

erTeulebsac paraleli eZebnebaT vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoradmca ra vhkadre mefesa Txroba rasaca Wrelisardquo

rdquoymaman uTxra momismine marTlad giTxrob ara Wreladrdquo

konteqstiT kargad Cans rom ldquoWrelirdquo ldquoWreladrdquo ldquomarTlisrdquo

ldquomarTladrdquo mniSvnelobis sapirispiroa ara Wrelad mniSvnelobiT igivea

rac saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis uWrelodrdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saintereso Sedegs mogvcems ori Zeglis am

mimarTulebiT Seswavlis gagrZeleba (baramiZe 2013 52-53)

garda zemoT dasaxelebuli leqsikuri Tu terminologiuri

msgavsebisa vefxistyaosansa da saTnoebaTa kibeSi gvxvdeba saerTo

koncefciebic amjerad yuradRebas mxolod or maTganze gavamaxvileb

rusTvelis mier Camoyalibebuli Teologiuri debuleba `SiSi

Seiqms siyvarulsa~ (10454) romelsac avtori mociquls miawers

`marTlad ityvis mociqulirdquo (10454) mecnierTa msjelobisa da kamaTis

sagnad qceula prof e xinTibiZe am debulebis wyarod ioanes pirveli

epistoles IV Tavs miiCnevs ldquoioanes pirveli epistoles IV Tavi

siyvarulis apologiaa swored aq gaSlis mociquli ioane qristianuli

Teosofiis ZiriTad Tezas `RmerTi siyvaruli ars~ (1 in 48) da rom

RmerTis siyvarulis gamovlenis forma moyvasis siyvarulia `RmerTi

arasada vis uxilavs ukueTu viyuarebodiT urTierTas RmerTi Cuen

Soris hgies da siyuaruli misi Cuen Soris aRsrulebul ars~ (I in 412)

38

swored am konteqstSi gviqadagebs ioane mociquli rom am didi

WeSmaritebis SecnobiT aResruleba CvenSi siyvaruli da siyvarulSi ki

aRar aris SiSi ndash giorgi mTawmidelis Targmani `16 da Cuen vcanT da

gurwmena siyuaruli romeli aqus RmerTsa Cuenda momarT RmerTi

siyuaruli ars da romeli egos siyuarulsa zeda RmerTi mis Tana hgies

da igi RmrTisa Tana 17 amiT aRsrulebul ars siyuaruli Cuen Soris

raAacuteTa gancxadebulebaAacute guaqundes dResa mas sasjelisasa rameTu

viTarca igi iyo da Cuenca varT sofelsa amas Sina 18 SiSi ara ars

siyuarulsa Tana aramed srulman siyuarulman gare gandevnis SiSi

rameTu SiSsa tanjvaAacute aqus xolo moSiSi igi ara srul ars siyuarulsa

zedardquo (xinTibiZe 2009 352-353) mkvlevari aseve miuTiTebs rusTvelis

winamorbed patristikul literaturaze kerZod ki grigol didis

dialoRonis eqvTime aToneliseul Targmanze sadac aseve Cans saubari

sulis SiSisagan siyvarulze gadasvlis Taobaze ldquomravalsaxed

ganiyofebis lmobierebaAacute da wesi cremlTa maTTa romelni mAtildeurvaliTa

guliTa inanden codvaTa maTTa amisTAcircs viTarca pirisagan monanulTasa

ityAcircs winawarmetyueli ieremia ganyofani wyalTani gamoecnes TualTa

CemTa aw ukue sacnaur ars viTarmed daRacaTu mravali ars saxe

cremlTaAacute aramed Tavni saxeni orni arian rameTu odes sulsa surodis

RmrTisa pirvel SiSisagan movlen cremlni da merme siyuarulisagan

rameTu pirvelad tirs monanuli da iglovs AtildesenebiTa codvaTa TacircsTaAacuteTa

da eSinis nuukue saukuneTa maT satanjvelTa mieces xolo odes amiT

wesiTa friad warematos merme SiSi igi moakldebis da iqmnebis RmrTisa

mier gulsavsebaAacute Sendobisa codvaTa misTa da merme movals sulsa mas

zeda siyuaruli RmrTisaAacute da survili sasufevelisa caTaAacutesa da romeli

igi pirvel tiroda SiSisaTAcircs satanjvelTasa ukanaAacutesknel tirs romel

Soravn sasufevlisagan rameTu ganicdin da gamoisaxavn gonebaAacute viTarni

arian mAtildeedrobani angelozTani da rabam arian brwyinvalebani da

Suenierebani maTni da raAacute sawadel ars maT Tana yofaAacute da Tu viTarni

arian saSuebelni wmindaTa mowameTa da mamaTani amisgan kualad miiwevis

gonebaAacute Atildesenebad da survilad didebisa RmrTisa da gonebn Tu viTar

miefinebis angelozTaA zeda da wmidaTa naTeli pirisa misisaAacute amaT

eseviTarTa keTilTa raAacute igonebn diodian TualTagan misTa mdinareni

39

cremlTani da Tu vin Sors ars maT keTilTagan esreT ukue iqnebis

sruli igi lmobierebaAacute da WeSmariti igi gloaAacute SiSisagan siyuarulad

miavlens sulsa mas da amas gamosaxavs werili saxismetyuelebiT~ (ix

xelnaweri A-121 furc 108-110 soxaZe 2002 52-53) (xinTibiZe 2009 354-355)

rusTvelamdeli patristikuli literaturidan zemoT dasaxelebul

wyaros sadac SiSi da siyvaruli gverdigverd aris moTavsebuli

SegviZlia davumatoT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibec

vefxistyaosniseuli Teologiuri debuleba SiSis siyvarulad

transformirebis Sesaxeb ioane sinelis teqstis imdenad bevr konteqstSi

iCens Tavs rom am teqstis mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini sadisertacio

naSromSi sagangebod uZRvnis calke Tavs am sakiTxs Fear and love (SiSi da

siyvaruli) (kordoCkini 2003 259) mas mohyavs Sesabamisi damowmebani

saTnoebaTa kibidan ldquoaRorZinebaAacute SiSisa RmrTisaAacute ars dasabami

siyuarulisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 515 PGvol88 1157C) SiSi pirdapir kavSirSia

siyvarulTan ldquoraoden siyvaruli daakldebodis SiSi ganmravldebisrdquo

(sineli 1965 511 PG Vol 88 1156B) radgan SiSi SeiZleba iqces erTgvar

winapirobad siyvarulisTvis ldquoromelman SiSisagan satanjvelTaAacutesa yos

sofliT gamoslvaAacute misi mravalgzis cecxlsa STagdebulsa sakumevelsa

miemsgavsis romelman pirvelad iwyis sulnelebad da ukuanaAacutesknel

gardaiqcis kuamladrdquo (sineli 1965 26 PG Vol 88 637A) ioane sineli

saubrobs ra momnanie berebze romelTac xorcieli erosi gardaqmnes

sulier siyvarulad askvnis ldquoyovelsave SiSsa meyseulad Tana-warhAtildedes

da siyvarulad RmrTisa miiwivnesrdquo (sineli 1965 145 PG Vol 88 777A)

vfiqrobT dasaxelebuli pasaJebi qmnis naTel warmodgenas SiSi-

siyvarulis monacvleobis ioane sineliseul aRqmaze amgvari adgilebi

teqstSi bevria andrei kordoCkini asaxelebs Sua saukuneebis avtorebs

romelTa SemoqmedebaSic ikveTeba es Teologiuri debuleba eseni arian

origene antoni didi (ldquome aRar meSinia RmerTis radganac me miyvars igirdquo

ndash Apophthegmata Alph Anthony 32) makari egvipteli maqsime aRmsarebeli

romelic SiSsa da imeds ukavSirebs asketuri moRvaweobis pirvel etaps

ndash praqsiss xolo siyvaruls ufro maRal safexurs ndash xedvas Teorias

(kordoCkini 2003 261) vfiqrobT amgvaradve esmis ioane sinels SiSi-

siyvarulis dinamika andrei kordoCkinis SeniSvniT ioane sineli

40

yovelTvis ar akonkretebs saubrobs sasjelis SiSze Tu RvTis SiSze

magram erTi ram cxadia ndash SiSis mdgomareoba yovelTvis win uswrebs

siyvarulis mdgomareobas xolo es ukanaskneli aris STagoneba misTvis

(kordoCkini 2009 263)

amgvarad rusTveliseuli debulebis ldquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

prof elguja xinTibiZis mier gamovlenil wyaros grigol didis

dialoRons Cveni mxriv davumatebT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibes

romelic aseve iqneboda xelmisawvdomi vefxistyaosnis avtorisTvis

zemoT warmodgenil mosazrebas saTnoebaTa kibisa da

vefxistyaosnis calkeuli pasaJebis msgavsebasTan dakavSirebiT kidev

erTs SevmatebT da sakiTxis ukeT gamosakveTad msjelobas cota Soridan

daviwyebT

sulisa da sxeulis interaqciis sakiTxi erT-erTi ZiriTadi

problemaa romelzec msjelobs TiTqmis yvela filosofiuri

mimdinareoba da sxvadasxva religiuri sistema sakiTxi aqtualuria

rogorc antikur filosofiur saazrovno sivrceSi ise Sua saukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi Sesabamisad droTa ganmavlobaSi

Camoyalibda gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi da Teoriebi winamdebare

paragrafSi sakiTxis literaturul-filosofiuri tradiciis

gaTvaliswinebiT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis erT pasaJs

davasaxelebT vefxistyaosnis erT-erT SesaZlo wyarod vefxistyaosnis

CemTvis saintereso gansaxilveli taepis avtoria nawarmoebis erT-erTi

mTavari gmiri _ avTandili megobris dasaxmareblad mimavali avTandili

tovebs anderZs sadac Tavisi saqcielis gasamarTleblad ambobs rom is

ver uRalatebs ver moatyuebs WirSi Cavardnil moyvares radganac

rdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsardquo (st 791)

uSualod sakvlev Temaze gadasvlamde oriode sityviT SevexebiT

sulis Sesaxeb antikur Teoriebsa da sulisa da sxeulis

urTierTmimarTebis problemas Cv w aR-mde V saukunis bolos antikur

saberZneTSi suli gaigeba rogorc cocxali qmnilebebis ganmasxvavebeli

niSani romelsac SeiZleba hqonoda emocia pasuxismgeblobisa da

praqtikuli azrovnebis unari suli matarebelia iseTi saTnoebebis

rogoricaa simamace da samarTlianoba antikuri azrovneba sulis ideas

41

ganixilavs Zalian farTod rogorc cocxali organizmis yvelanair

moqmedebas es koncefcia yvelaze amomwuravad aisaxa aristoteles

filosofiaSi

heraklites azriT suli sxeulebrivia Sezavebuli

araCveulebrivad kargi da iSviaTi saxeobis materiisgan sulis amgvari

sxeulebrivi xedva erTgvarad xsnida sulsa da sxeuls Soris

urTierTobis problemas _ isini ar moiazreboda erTmaniTisgan

radikalurad gansxvavebul kategoriebad

platonis mixedviT suli aris kognituri da inteleqtualuri

suli aris is rac msjelobs fiqrobs da rac aregulirebs da

akontrolebs sxeulsa da mis survilebs gansakuTrebiT Tu es brZeni

sulia igi moicavs iseT Tvisebebs rogoricaa moTmineba samarTlianoba

simamace platons sulis arsi orgvarad esmis rogorc ganmasxvavebeli

moZravis da uZravis da rogorc pasuxismgebeli adamianis ara yvela

mentalur da fsiqologiur qmedebaze aramed mxolod mis garkveul

nawilze

fedonSi sokrate bevr Tvisebas miawers ara suls aramed sxeuls

magaliTad crurwmenas siamovnebas (Pl Phaed 83d) aseve survils da SiSs

(Pl Phaed 94d) sulis funqciaa sxeulis amgvari miswrafebebis

regulacia da kontroli imave dros suli ar aris mxolod

inteleqtualuri radgan mas aqvs aseve survilebi (Pl Phaed 81d)

(magaliTad arafilosofiuri sulis xorcieli siyvaruli (Έρως) (Pl

Phaed 80b) an kidev SimSilis sxeulebrivi survili rasac ar avlens

arasulieri usulo sagani Tumca verc imas vityviT rom suli ayalibebs

amgvar survilebs fedonSi ar aris mkveTrad gamijnuli sakvebis

intensiuri survili modis sulidan Tu xorcidan rogorc Cans

xorcieli survili dakavSirebulia sulTan iseve rogorc procesebi

metabolizmsa da sxeulis zrdaSi (es procesebic ukavSirdeba imas rom

sxeuls gaaCnia suli)

aristoteles Teoria sulis Sesaxeb amomwuravad aris gaSlili mis

traqtatSi De Anima romlis mixedviTac cocxali organizmis yvela

sasicocxlo funqcia miewereba suls igi pasuxismgebelia sxvadasxva

cocxali organizmis qmedebaze da aseve aris ganmasxvavebeli niSani

42

cocxal da aracocxal organizms Soris urTierToba sulsa da sxeuls

Soris aris konkretuli nimuSi ufro zogadi urTieTobisa formasa da

materias Soris (De Anima 22 413a32 23 415a9) aristoteles mixedviT

suli ar aris sxeulebrivi da xorcieli anu materialuri Tumca

platonis poziciis sapirispirod igi fiqrobs rom adamianis suls

sxeulisgan damoukidebeli arseboba ar SeuZlia (De Anima 11 403a3-25 esp

5-16)

sulis antikur Teoriebs gansakuTrebiT platonisa da

aristoteles moZRvrebebs ar daukargavT aqtualoba Semdeg periodSic

qristiani mwerlebi grigol noseli da klimenti aleqsandrieli

davalebulni arian swored platonisgan Tumca sakiTxis gaazrebaSi

SemoaqvT axali niuansebi miuxedavad amisa am da sxva filosofiuri

problemebis postklasikuri ganviTarebis interpretacia unda xdebodes

yvela SemTxvevaSi klasikuri Teoriebis CarCosa da konteqstSi

(lorenci 2009)

amgvarad sulisa da sxeulis funqciis maTi urTierTmimarTebis

sakiTxi antikuri samyarodan moyolebuli yvela didi moazrovnis

gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani yofila maTi arsis raobis gansazRvra

miT ufro arsebiTi iyo ramdenadac swored amis safuZvelze xdeboda

SesaZlebeli adamianis ama Tu im midrekilebis srulyofili analizi da

gamovlena im saSualebebisa romliTac daiTrguneboda amgvari

arasasurveli midrekilebani

aRniSnuli problema metad aqtualuria Suasaukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri azrovnebisTvisac qristianulma religiam

ufro mkveTrad dasva sxeulisa da sulis urTiermimarTebis problema

gaCnda uamravi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego Teoria iyo azrTa sxvaoba

gansakuTrebiT qristianuli religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapebze

qristianuli anTropologia ganviTarda rogorc qristologiis erTi

nawili amitom Zalian rTulia patristikul literaturaSi mwyobri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebis povna garkveuli dilemebi Cans aseve

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibeSic (kordoCkini 2003 34)

gadavideT uSualod sakvlev sakiTxze ndash ioane sinelis teqstze

romlis erTi pasaJi SesaZloa iyos rusTavelis Teologiuri debulebis

43

_ bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) _ wyaro

saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso Teza moTavsebulia teqstis im

safexurSi romelic exeba siZvas bdquoromelnime vnebani gonebisagan xorcTa

momarT movlen da romelnime kualad xorcTagan gonebad da soflioTa

Tana meore ese iqnebis xolo udabnos myofTa Tana pirveli igi rameTu

ara arian maT Tana nivTni nebaTani xiluladldquo (sineli 1965 268)

upirveles yovlisa SevecdebiT ganvmartoT moyvanili pasaJi

imisaTvis rom gavigoT Tu ras gulisxmobs avtori ris Semdegac

paraleli vefxistyaosanTan ufro cxadi da gasagebi gaxdeba teqstSi

gamoyenebuli cneba _ goneba _ semantikurad sulis Tanafardia rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT qristianul literaturaSi da gansakuTrebiT sulier

cxovrebaze daweril traqtatebSi ar aris mosalodneli sistemuri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebisa da Sesabamisad mwyobrad gansazRvruli

anTropologiuri terminologiis povna saTnoebaTa kibe ar aris

anTropologiuri naSromi da Sesabamisad anTropologiuri

terminologiis gamoyenebisas avtori ar icavs mkveTr zRvars maT

gasamijnad (kordoCkini 2003 34) amgvari ldquoaRrevardquo damaxasiaTebelia Sua

saukuneebis patristikuli literaturisTvis ediSer WeliZe grigol

palamas teqstze _ aRsareba marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa _ darTul

komentarebSi aRniSnavs rom ldquosulsrdquo anu ldquopnevmasrdquo saxeldeben agreTve

gonebad (νοῦς) olimpiodore aleqsandrieli ldquopnevmasrdquo ase ganmartavs bdquoigi

vfiqrob aris agreTve goneba (νοῦς)ldquo pnevmis aRiarebam fsiqes nawilad

rac met-naklebad yvela saeklesio RvTismetyvelTan vlindeba gamoiwvia

ldquopnevmisrdquo sinonimuri saxeldebis gonebis (νοῦς) agreTve ldquofsiqeSirdquo CarTva

(WeliZe 2012 153-154)

bevr qristian mweralTan maT Soris ioane sinelTanac ldquogonebardquo

da ldquogulirdquo gansazRvrebuli ki ar aris aramed isini SeiZleba aRiweros

mxolod maTi moqmedebebis Sesabamisad amdenad ioane sineli ldquogulsrdquo da

ldquosulsrdquo an kidev ldquogonebasrdquo da ldquosulsrdquo (psixes) xSirad sinonimebad iyenebs

(kordoCkini 2003 31-34) ase magaliTad ioane sineli ldquogonebaSirdquo rom

ldquosulsrdquo gulisxmobs amas kidev erTxel adasturebs saTnoebaTa kibis

SiSisadmi miZRvnili safexuri avtori semantikurad imave azrs

aviTarebs rac zemoT moviyvaneT oRond am SemTxvevaSi ldquogonebasrdquo cvlis

44

ldquosuliTrdquo bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da odesme pirvelad xorcni

da meore igi ziar-yvis vnebisa mis romelmac pirvelad miiRis igildquo

(sineli 1965 299) aqve oriode sityviT SevexebiT ras gulisxmobs avtori

SiSSi da moviSveliebT ioane damaskelis gardamocemis samocdameSvide

Tavs sadac avtori ganmartavs bdquoSiSisldquo saxels ormagi gaazreba aqvs

radgan arsebobs bunebiTi SiSi rodesac ar nebavs suls sxeulisgan

ganyofa arsebobs kidev SiSi rac warmoiqmneba azrTa Ralatis

urwmunoebisa da sikvdilis Jamis arcodnis Sedegad rogorc magaliTad

gvaSinebs RamiT momxdari ram xmauri es SiSi bunebis garegania da

ganvsazRvravT ra mas vambobT bdquobunebis garegani SiSi aris gauazrebeli

ganridebaldquo (ioan damask gard 2000 416-417) rogorc vxedavT saTnoebaTa

kibis warmodgenil konteqstSi igulisxmeba swored arabunebiTi SiSi

amgvarad ioane sineli saubrobs vnebaze codvaze romelic

SeiZleba warmoiSvas xorcSi da Semdgom ukve gadaeces da daazianos

suli an kidev piriqiT am fonze sainteresod gveCveneba sulisa da

sxeulis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis avtoriseuli xedva ra tendenciebi

ikveTeba saTnoebaTa kibis teqstSi am mimarTulebiT

saTnoebaTa kibeSi aisaxa yvela ZiriTadi idea iseTi mistikur-

asketikuri filosofiuri mimdinareobisa rogoricaa isixazmi igi

metafizikur-anTropologiuri azriT monisturia adamiani sxeulebrivi

da sulieri saxiT erTi mTlianobaa _ ontologiuri monada misi suli

iseve Zlier aris daSorebuli RvTisgan rogorc sxeuli Sesabamisad

ganwmendis (wmindanobis) fenomeni erTnairad miRwevadia aramarto

sulisTvis aramed sxeulisTvisac (popova 2011 22) aqedan gamomdinare

codva (miuxedavad misi sxeulebrivi Tu sulismieri warmomavlobisa)

azianebs adamianis orive nawils sulsac da sxeulsac rogorc erT

mTlianobas saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso epizodSi xazgasmaa

imaze rom codva nebismier SemTxvevaSi moicavs adamians mTlianobaSi

ubralod daculia rigiToba codvis warmomSobi moqmedi SeiZleba

iyos xan suli xan kidev sxeuli (bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da

odesme pirvelad xorcni da meore igi ziarndashyvis vnebisa mis romelmac

pirvelad miiRis igildquo (sineli 1965 299) amgvar pozicias ioane sineli

aviTarebs moulodnelad logikuri msjelobis gareSe radgan cota

45

ufro zemoT avtori sakmaod ldquodabneulirdquo Cans ldquoromelnime ityAcircan

viTarmed gulis-sityuaTagan gulisaTa movlen Atildeorcni vnebad da

aRZvrad da kualad sxuani ityAcircan viTarmed sacnobelTagan AtildeorcTaAacutesa

iSvebian borotni gulis-sityuani dapirvelni igi ityAcircan viTarmed

ukueTumca gonebaAacute ara winamZRuar qmnul iyo vnebisa Atildeorcnimca ara

miyolil iyvnes xolo meoreni igi AtildeorcTa vnebisa siborotesa Semwed

TAcircsisa sityAcircsa sityuasa moiReben da ityAcircan viTarmed _ mravalgzis

xilviTa pirisaAacuteTa anu SexebiTa AtildeelisaAacuteTa anu ynosiTa sulnelebisaAacuteTa

anu smeniTa Atildemisa hamoAacutesaAacuteTa movlen gulis-sityuani gulad amaT saqmeTa

WeSmaritebaAacute romelsa Zal-edvas uflisa mier gamoacxaden da guaswavenrdquo

(sineli 1965 267) avtoris ldquodabneulobardquo savaraudod mianiSnebs im

epoqiseul dilemaze romlis winaSec aRmoCnda ioane sineli roca jer

kidev mimdinareobs diskusiebi da msjelobebi sxvadasxva qristianuli

dogmatikisTvis arsebiT sakiTxze es bunebrivic Cans qristianuli

religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapze konteqsti gvaCvenebs rom ioane

sinelma icis Tavis Tanamedrove moazrovneebs Soris arsebuli

sxvadasxva poziciis Tu diskusiis Sesaxeb miuxedavad erTgvari

meryeobisa ioane sineli mainc eTanxmeba Sua saukuneebis qristianul

tradiciaSi arsebul Teorias sulismieri da xorcismieri codvebis

diferenciaciis Sesaxebs romelic cotaTi adre ufro mkafiod aqvs

warmodgenili IV_V saukuneebis mijnaze moRvawe ber ioane kasianes Tavis

traqtatSi ndash Svid momakvdinebel codvaze rogorc zemoT vnaxeT ioane

sineli sargeblobs da miuTiTebs kidec ioane kasianeze rogorc teqstis

erTerT wyaroze ioane kasianes azriT vnebebi iyofa xorciel da

mSvinvier saxeobad xorcieli vneba sxeulSi iSveba da mas atkbobs

xolo mSvinvieri samSvinvelis midrekilebidan momdinareobs da

samSvinvels kvebavs da xandaxan xorcsac azianebs ioane kasiane ufro

metadac akonkretebs sakiTxs da CamoTvlis Tu romeli codvebi

warmoiSoba xorcSisxeulSi da romeli sulSi (cassian 4344) amgvarad

codvis dayofa sulismierad da sxeulismierad Sua saukuneebis

qristianuli azrovnebisTvis nacnobi da aqtualuri Temaa magram

gansxvavebiT ioane kasianesgan ioane sineli amgvari dayofis ZiriTad

mamoZravebel mizezad garemos miiCnevs ndash rogorc saTnoebaTa kibis

46

teqstidan gamoCnda vneba moicavs jer sxeuls Tuki saero adamianTan

gvaqvs saqme da suls Tuki monazonze vsaubrobT radganac saero piri

met cdunebas xvdeba garemomcveli pirobebis gamo vefxistyaosnis

striqoni bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo rogorc

viciT ekuTvnis avTandils saero pirs rostevan mefis spaspets

amgvarad saTnoebaTa kibis ganxiluli pasaJidan gamomdinare

mosalodnelia rom codva vneba Tavdapirvelad moicavs avTandilis

rogorc saero piris sxeuls radganac igi saTanadod ar aris daculi

mravalferovani sacdurisgan romelic saero pirs garemomcveli

pirobebis gamo ufro metad ebrZvis imis sailustraciod rom

vefxistyaosniseuli rdquoavnebsrdquo ar unda gavigoT rogorc ziani am

SemTxvevaSi xorcis ziani Tavisi viwro SinaarsiT _ sxeulis

dasneuleba SeiZleba davimowmoT erTi epizodi ioanes saxarebidan am

epizodis mixedviT macxovris mier gankurnebuli kacis avadmyofobis

mizezi warsulSi Cadenili codva Cans romelmac Tavi iCina fizikuri

sneulebis saxiT rdquoamisa Semdgomad pova igi iesu taZarsa mas da hrqua mas

aha egera gankurnebul xar nuRara scodav raAacuteTa ara uZAcircresi geyosldquo (in

5 5-14) amgvarad esmiT moyvanili saxarebiseuli epizodi bibliis teqstis

cnobil egzegetikosebsac (Teofilaqte bulgareli Toma aqvineli)

magram codva vneba romelsac adamiani sCadis TviT saxarebis

mixedviTac ki yovelTvis ar iCens Tavs sneulebis saxiT rogorc e

xinTibiZe aRniSnavs vefxistyaosanSi gadaWriT da kategoriulad aris

naTqvami rom codva am SemTxvevaSi sicrue da orpiroba yovelTvis

gamonaklisis gareSe avnebs xorcs da mere suls (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

amitom frazis avnebs xorcsa gageba viwro mniSnelobiT rogorc

sxeulis dasneuleba _ arasworia radgan vefxistyaosnis kategoriuli

toni ndash mankierebiT Tanmimdevrulad xorcsa da sulze miyenebuli zianis

Sesaxeb arc saxarebaSi Cans piriqiT saxarebaSi xazgasmulia rom vneba

yovelTvis ar gamovlindeba fizikuri sneulebis saxiT aqedan

gamomdinare gamarTlebulad mimaCnia cnebis avnebs ioane damaskeliseuli

interpretacia definicia bdquovnebaAacute erTsaxel ars da orpir rameTu vneba

ewodebis Atildeorcielsaca viTar-igi arian senni da wuTxni da kualad

sulierTaca vnebad saxel-edebis viTar igi arian gulisTqumaAacute da

47

guliswyromaAacuteldquo cota qvemoT vnebulebas ioane damaskeli ganmartavs

rogorc bunebis sawinaaRmdego moZraobas bdquoaw ukue moqmedeba ars

bunebiTi aRZrvaAacute xolo vnebaAacute gareSe ars bunebisaAacute vinaAacuteca amaTve

mizezTagan moqmedebaAacuteca igi vnebad iTqumis raJams ara bunebiTi iyos

aRZvraAacute igi gina Tu TaviT TacircsiT anu Tu sxAcircsa mier SemTxueulildquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 126) vnebuleba aris yvela moZraoba romelic aris

mZafri da romelic grZnobaSi Semodis sicrue da orpiroba bunebis

sawinaaRmdego moZraobaa igi avnebs anu am sawinaaRmdego moZraobisken

ubiZgebs jer xorcs rogorc am vnebis warmoSobis pirvelad mizezs da

Semdeg ukve suls rasac sabolood mivyavarT sulieri samaradiso

cxovrebis zianamde meore mxriv codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva sxva

ra SeiZleba iyos Tu ara ziani bdquoavnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo SeiZleba

gavigoT rogorc codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva rac TavisTavad

vnebaa ziania da am vnebis Tavdapirveli matarebeli vefxistyaosnis

mixedviT swored sxeulia rogorc ukve aRvniSneT avTandili rogorc

saero piri ufro naklebad aris daculi xorcieli sacdurisgan da

Sesabamisad codvac romelic SeiZleba Caidinos man pirvel rigSi

sxeulebrivia sxeulSi aRmocendeba da Semdeg moicavs sulsac bdquovgmob

kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansaldquo (799) ndash es ukve aris adamiani

romlisTvisac sicrue da orpiroba erjeradi qmedeba ki aRar aris

aramed cxovrebis wesi misi bunebis nawilia amgvari kaci saiqiosac ver

gamarTldeba da RvTis winaSe Sercxvenili da codvili warsdgeba

Cemi azriT mocemuli striqonis amgvari ganmarteba da mis wyarod

swored saTnoebaTa kibis miCneva ufro myardeba teqstis erT-erTi

safexuriT misive Tqmuli tyuvilisaTAcircs dasaxelebuli safexuri

miZRvnilia sicruisadmi rogorc sulier kibeze aRmavali

qristianisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze xelisSemSlel vnebaze teqstSi

vkiTxulobT _ bdquotyuvili ars ganmryuneli siyuarulisaAacute da mSobeli cru-

ficobisaAacute romel ars RmrTisa uaris-yofaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 216)

sicrue ioane sinelis Txzulebis mixedviT RmerTis uaryofaa

RmerTis uaryofa ki udavod yovelgvari ubedurebis sawyisia bdquoradgan

Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubadobisa me rad gavwiro moyvare Zma umtkicesi

Zmobisaldquo (st 792) _ ambobs avTandili anderZSi sxva magaliTic vnaxoT

48

bdquoorgulebaAacute dedaAacute ars tyuvilisaAacute da saqme misi rameTu orgulebaAacute sxuaAacute

araraAacute ars garna wrTuaAacute tyuilisaAacute da mopovnebaAacute ficTa cudTaAacuteldquo

(sineli 1965 217) vefxistyaosanSic Ralati ficis gatexa da sicrue

erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli da erTnairad Seuwynarebeli

danaSaulia

bdquoSen gastexe fici Cemi simtkice da igi mcneba

RmerTman qmna da dagirCina cudad Seni xelovnebaldquo (528)

an kidev

bdquokvlaca vhkadre bdquome Tu mzeo TqvenTvis fici gametexos

RmerTman awve risxva misi zeciT CemTvis gaamexosldquo (535)

bdquoSen ar-gatexa kargi gWirs zenaarisa ficisaldquo (708)

vefxistyaosanSi fici dakavSirebulia RmerTTan nawarmoebis

personaJebs swamT rom ficis gatexa da sicrue RvTis risxvis

gamomwvevia

bdquovgmob kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansa

ver vecruvebi ver vuzam saqmesa saZabunosa

piris-pir marcxvens ornive mivalT mas saukunosaldquo (799)

_ wers avTandili anderZSi romelSic agrZelebs sicruis da orpirobis

Temas da gansazRvravs mosalodnel Sedegs rom saukuno cxovrebaSi

RmerTis pirispir am vnebis gamo Sercxvenili iqneba analogiuri azria

gatarebuli saTnoebaTa kibeSic sicruesTan da cru ficTan mimarTebiT

vinc daZlevs am safexurs igi WeSmaritebas moipovebs ldquoese meTormete

kibe ars romeli mZle eqmnas amas guelsa mas Ziri keTilTaAacute mougies

romel ars WeSmaritebaAacuteldquo (sineli 1965 219)

avTandilma icis rom sicrue da megobris Ralati dausjeli ar

darCeba misi es codna ki moiTxovs praqtikul ganxorcielebas

bdquoara viqm codna ras margebs filasofosTa brZnobisa

miT viswavlebiT mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa ldquo (792)

qmedebaSi moyvanili sibrZne erTi pirobaa RmerTTan misasvlelad

da WeSmaritebis mosapoveblad tyuili ki erT-erTi mTavarTagania im

mankierebaTa Soris rac uSlis adamians xels saTnoebaTa kibeze

amaRlebaSi RmerTTan ziarebasa da amgvarad WeSmaritebis mopovebaSi

bdquorameTu sulman wmidaman saSinelad Tqua misTAcircs daviT

49

winaswarmetyuelisaAacuteTa viTarmed romeli ityodis sicruesa mas ara

waremarTos winaSe TualTa CemTaldquo (sineli 1965 216) amgvarad

vefxistyaosanSic da saTnoebaTa kibeSic erTnairad Seuwynarebel

codvad iTvleba sicrue igi yovelgvari ubedurebis mizezia da am mankis

dauZlevelad SeuZlebelia morig sulier safexurze amaRleba

saTnoebaTa kibis erT-erTi pirveli Targmani eqvTime aTonels

ekuTvnis aRsaniSnavia rom vefxistyaosanSi gamoyenebuli qarTulenovani

wyaroebi ZiriTadad eqvTime aTonelis Targmanebidan momdinareobs

razec prof elguja xinTibiZe miuTiTebs kidec rdquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

frazis wyaros Ziebisas

amgvari msjelobis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom

rusTaveli savaraudod icnobda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts misi romelime

Targmanidan am varauds mxars uWers e xinTibiZis mosazreba bdquorusTaveli

aSkarad emyareba ara mxolod biblias aramed mTel qarTulenovan

sasuliero mwerlobasldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 356-357) sakiTxi romlis Sesaxebac

iwereboda uzarmazari filosofiuri Tu Teologiuri traqtatebi

mxolod erTi striqoniT gadmoica rusTavelTan romelsac amave

striqonSi win uZRvis miTiTeba gamoTqmuli azris avtorze _ bdquome sityvasa

erTsa gkadreb platonisgan swavla Tqmulsa sicrue da orpiroba avnebs

xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) avtoris amgvari dakonkreteba gaxda

safuZveli imisa rom platonis filosofiaSi eZiaT am frazis wyaro

Tumca amgvari azris pirdapiri formulireba platonis dialogebSi ar

Cans8

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis mniSvneloba Sua saukuneebis

kulturisTvis ganapirobebs teqstis farTo gamoyenebas epoqis gamorCeul

moRvaweTagan ucxoenovan samecniero literaturaSi ioane sinelis

teqstis gavlenas xedaven ara marto Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturaze aramed XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis SemoqmedebaSic

saTnoebaTa kibis gavlenis Semdgomi kvleva Sua saukuneebis da gviani

periodis qarTul literaturaze vfiqrobT saintereso suraTs

8 sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria ix e xinTibiZe bdquoplatonisgan swavla Tqmuli da

misi msoflmxedvelobiTi datvirTvaldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

50

warmogviCens rasac samomavlo perspeqtivad vsaxavT amjerad ki Cveni

kvleva Semoifargla mxolod rusTavelis vefxistyaosniT

51

Tavi II

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturuli da stiluri Taviseburebani

naSromis SesavalSi ukve aRvniSneT rom qarTulad SemorCenilia

saTnoebaTa kibis ori sruli Targmani (eqvTime aToneliseuli da petre

gelaTeliseuli) prozaul teqstze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili ori sruli

poeturi versia (ioane sineliseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli) da aseve

qeTevan bezaraSvilis mier bolo wlebSi aRmoCenili saTnoebaTa kibis

poeturi teqstis fragmentebi romelic CarTuli aRmoCnda grigol

nazianzelis TxzulebebSi naSromis winamdebare TavSi warmodgenili

kvleva moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturasa da stils aseve poeturi teqstebis versifikacias

52

amp 1 saTnoebaTa kibis struqturuli Tavisebureba

berZnuli teqstis struqturuli da kompoziciuri Taviseburebis

sakiTxi metad aqtualuria specialur (ZiriTadad inglisur da

rusulenovan) samecniero literaturaSi amitom sanam SemogTavazebdeT

uSualod sakuTar dakvirvebas qarTuli Targmanebis struqturaze

mokled mimovixilav sakiTxis Seswavlis istorias da ZiriTad

mosazrebebs

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema rogorc ukve aRiniSna dRemde ar arsebobs

aRvniSneT aseve rom met-naklebad ukeTes gamocemad miiCneva meTiu

raderis (Matthew Rader) mier momzadebuli teqsti (PG vol 88 596-1209)

teqsts winasityvaobis saxiT darTuli aqvs kardinal robert

belarminos Sromis - eklesiis mweralTa Sesaxeb ndash is nawili romelic

eZRvneba ioane sinels aseve meTiu raderis Sesavali werili teqstisa da

avtoris Sesaxeb Sesavals mosdevs raiTis monastris beris danielis

mier aRwerili ioane sinelis cxovreba raiTis monastris iRumenis

ioanes epistole ioane sinelisadmi ioane sinelis sapasuxo epistole

ioane raiTelisadmi Sesavali (ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ) pinaqsi sakuTriv teqsti da

traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) aseve Targmanebebi

romelic erTvis teqstis yvela safexurs aRsaniSnavia rom berZnul

teqstSi Tavebs ewodeba sityva (λογος) xolo laTinur TargmanSi xarisxi

(Gradus) (PG vol 88 596-1209) aRiniSna aseve rom meTiu raderiseuli

teqstisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels konstantinepolSi aTonis

mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT gamosca berma sofroniusma

sofroniusis da meTiu raderis teqstebSi garda uSualod teqstualuri

gansxvavebebisa sxvadasxvaa TavTa Tanmimdevrobac (kordoCkini 200314)

rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime

aToneliseuli Targmanis struqtura Semdegnairia nawarmoebs SesavalSi

darTuli aqvs mTargmnelis eqvTime aTonelis anderZi romelic moicavs

mokle instruqciაsa da informacias teqstis Sesaxeb anderZs mosdevs

kibAgrave saTnoebaTaAacute cad aRmyvanebeli Tqmuli daniil monazonisa

raiTelisa wignisa amisTAcircs sulTa ganmanaTleblisaAacute romelsa ewodebis

53

klemaqsi romel ars kibAgrave cxorebaAacute wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa

ioane sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute moZRurebiTa ganTqumulisa sulTa

ganmanaTlebelisa da WeSmaritad sanatrelisaAacute romeli ese aRwera

daniil monazonman raiTelman ebistole wmidisa mamisa iovane raiTel

mamasaxlisisaAacute sanatrelisa iovanes mimarT sinel mamasaxlisisa

ebistolAgrave wmidisa da netarisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisa iovanes mimarT

raiTel mamasaxlisisa romelsa zeda-werili ese ars ficarni sulieri

iovane iovanes axarebs amas mohyveba sakuTriv teqsti Semdegi zogadi

saTauriT swavlani wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisani

romelni miuZRuanna mamasa iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa rameTu eTxoa

mas misgan raAacuteTa aRwernes swavlani monazonTa mimarT saRmToAacute kibe

saTnoebaTaAacute teqstis bolo nawilia misive wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane

sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute mwyemsisa da winamZRurisa mimarT romeli-ese misca

sxuaTa amaT pirvel-TqumulTa TavTa Tana iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa

romelsa eTxova misgan raAacuteTa dauwernes swavlani monagonebisani

nawarmoebs boloSi darTuli aqvs Targmanebebi (sineli 1965) aRniSnuli

Targmanebebi berZnul teqstSi erTvis TiToeul Tavs xolo eqvTime

aTonels isini erTad mouTavsebia teqstis boloSi (cincaZe 1965 53)

prof meri cincaZe eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis Sesaval nawilze

dakvirvebis Sedegad askvnis rom qarTul redaqciaSi berZnuli (meTiu

raderis) redaqciisgan gansxvavebuli rigia daculi (cincaZe 1965 43)

eqvTime aTonelis teqstis rigia daculi (anderZis gamoklebiT) petre

gelaTelis TargmanSic (prologi) aha pinaqsi saRmrToAacutesa klimaqsisaAacute

daniil minazonisa raiTelisaAacute cxovrebisami uflisa ioannis

sxolastikosisa cxorebaAacute SemkuAgraveTebiTi amba ioanni winamZRurisa wmidisa

mTisa sinaAacutesaAacute zedwodebiT sxolastikosisa wmidaTa SorisosaAacute

WeSmaritad epistole amba ioanni winamZRurisa raiTisaAacute ioannis mimarT

RirssakAcircrvelisa sinisa mTisa winamZRurisa ioannis ioanni gixaroden (A-

39)

rac Seexeba poetur teqstebs ioane petriwiseuli varianti

moicavs saTnoebaTa kibis mxolod ZiriTad teqsts zogierT xelnawerSi

teqsts Tan erTvis TxuTmeti iambikuri strofi romelTagan pirveli

strofi akrostiqulia da ikiTxeba Semdegi saTauri SAcircdTaTAcircs vnebaTa

54

ars teqsti moicavs opoziciur wyvilebs ndash Svidi momakvdinebeli codva

da maTi sapirispiro saTnoebebi iv lolaSvilis varaudiT am teqstis

avtoric SesaZloa ioane petriwi iyos (petriwi 1968 255) SeniSnulia rom

saTnoebaTa kibisadmi SvidTaTvis vnebaTas darTva berZnul xelnawerTa

tradiciiT aris ganpirobebuli qarTul mwerlobaSi ki arsebobs

klemaqsisa da SvidTaTvis vnebaTas erTi da imave piris mier galeqsvis

tradicia (ioane petriwi anton kaTalikosi) (bezaraSvili 1987 133-134)

Svidi vnebis sakiTxs XVIII saukuneSi calke Txzulebebs uZRvnian

nikoloz Tbileli da kvipriane samTavneli (kekeliZe 1980 348-349 339)

yvela es teqsti SedgenilobiTa da TanmimdevrobiT sxvadasxvaa da erTi

wyarodan ar momdinareobs (bezaraSvili 1987 134)

anton kaTalikosis saTnoebaTa kibe moicavs ZiriTad teqsts

romelsac mosdevs oTxi akrostiquli iambikuri strofi bolo maTganis

kidurwerilobaSi ikiTxeba mwyemsisa mimarTca traqtati mwyemsisa

mimarTca moicavs aT strofs xolo mas mosdevs kvlav ori akrostiquli

iamburi strofi kidurwerilobiT ndash SvidTaTAcircs vnebaTa es da aqac

rogorc ioane petriwiseul variantSi saubaria Svid vnebaze da maT

sapirispiro saTnoebebze rogorc samecniero literaturaSia SeniSnuli

igi anton kaTalikosis originaluri Sromaa (bezaraSvili 1987 134 kukava

1978 30-34)

anton kaTalikosiseul da ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

yoveli Tavi iwyebა originaluri strofebiT maTi Sinaarsi ZiriTadad

zogadia da gvacnobs im Temas razedac iqneba saubari ama Tu im TavSi

xolo safexurebis dasaTaurebas vkiTxulobT am strofebis

kidurwerilobaSi radganac magaliTad anton kaTalikosiseul

redaqciaSi Tavebs ar aqvT calke gamoyofili saTaurebi (mxolod

numeracia)

vardi ar mWnari ჶiali keTil sulnel

limena SuAgravebis oqroT arxrwnadTsakrebi

or-gzis Sedgoma satrfos namdAcirclsawyuris

tkbiluRlis tAcircrTAcircT sofliT gamoslvasagan g

55

ltolva aqaT RmrTiv iqa zenadmi mimyegravean9

anonimuri versiis TavTa raodenoba arasrulyofilia aq

warmodgenilia 30 Tavidan mxolod 12 (7 11 12 15 22 23 24 25 26 29 30)

da msgavsad antonis leqsiTi redaqciisa da sxva prozauli versiebisa

erTvis mokle Txzuleba mwyemsisa mimarT gansxvavebiT ioane petriwisa

da antonis leqsiTi redaqciebis Sedgenilobisa sadac TiToeul TavSi

10-11 iamburi (5-taepiani) strofia anonimur versiaSi nebismieria rogorc

iambur strofTa raodenoba ise strofSi taepTa raodenobac arc

gasaleqsad SerCeuli masala emTxveva sxva leqsiT redaqciebs

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-133)

ioane sinelis teqstis saTauridanve (klemaqsi-kibe) Cans saTnoebaTa

kibis struqturis specifika avtori iyenebs safexureobriv struqturas

raTa aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi Tumca am mxriv igi novatori

ar aris ioane sinelamde origenem Tavis ocdameSvide homiliaSi

ricxvebis Sesaxeb Seadgina 42 safexuri romelze aRmasvla

aTavisuflebda adamians xorcieli survilebisagan naSromis struqturis

konstruirebisTvis kibis simbolos aqtiurad iyeneben sxva avtorebic

filon aleqsandrieli sirieli mamebi grigol noseli Tumca ioane

sinelis Sromis unikaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs rom masSi daxatulia

sulieri aRmasvlis uprecedentod masStaburi da srulyofili suraTi

(kordoCkini 2003 22-23)

mkvlevari jon dafi romelic ganixilavs saTnoebaTa kibis stilsa

da kompozicias yuradRebas amaxvilebs oTx ZiriTad dokumentze

romelsac nawarmoebis kompoziciis konstruirebisaTvis misi azriT

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs esenia werili raiTis monastris

abatisgan ioane sinelisadmi miwerili ioane sinelis sapasuxo werili

sakuTriv teqsti da naSromis bolos darTuli mokle traqtati

mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) mkvlevris azriT abati raiTelis

werili ara marto pirveli stimulia nawarmoebis kompoziciisTvis

aramed mas Semoaqvs nawarmoebis wardgenis TvalsazrisiT mniSnelovani

ori ZiriTadi idea kerZod a) mose rogorc mediumi RmerTsa da

9 teqstebs anton kaTalikosis redaqciidan safexurisa da muxlis miTiTebiT am da sxva SemTxvevaSic vimowmebT A-711 xelnaweridan

56

adamianebs Soris romelmac miiRo RvTis kanonebi b) bibliuri iakobis

cnobili sizmari ndash miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibe

nawarmoebs asrulebs mokle traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT romelSic

ixateba idealuri ldquomwyemsisrdquo saxe es idealuri mwyemsi ki ndash abati

raiTelia aSkaraa rom nawarmoebis kompoziciur gamTlianebaSi

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnis iniciatori ndash

abati raiTeli nawarmoebi iwyeba misi weriliT da sruldeba traqtatiT

romelSi gansaxierebuli idealuri winamZRvari kvlav is aris ndash askvnis

mkvlevari (dafi 1999 3)

saTnoebaTa kibis struqturisa da semantikis urTierTmimarTebis

Sesaxeb arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi kerZod k krumbaxeri teqsts

hyofs or nawilad I-XXIII safexurebi ndash mankierebebis daZleva da XXIV-

XXXL safexurebi - moraluri da Teologiuri saTnoebebis mopoveba

(krumbaxeri 1897 143ndash144) sxva azriT teqsti Sedgeba sami nawilisgan

soflidan gasvla (I-VII Tavebi) mankierebebTan brZola (VIII-XXIII Tavebi)

da qristianuli srulyofa (XXIV-XXX Tavebi) (desili 2002 103-104)

kalistos ueari teqsts yofs Semdegnairad soflidan gasvla (1-3 Tavebi)

saTnoebebis mopoveba (4-7 Tavebi) vnebebTan brZola romelic Tavis mxriv

iyofa a) vnebebi romlebic upiratesad arafizikuria (8-13 Tavebi)

fizikuri da materialuri vnebebi (14-17 Tavebi) arafizikuri vnebebi (18-23

Tavebi) umaRlesi saTnoebebi (24-26 Tavebi) dabolos RmerTTan SeerTeba

(27-30 Tavebi) (ueari 1982 13)

sakiTxis am mimarTulebiT warmarTvis kuTxiT sagulisxmoa kidev

erTi mosazreba romelsac yvelaze sarwmunod miiCnevs saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstis slavuri Targmanebis mkvlevari ara erTi statiisa da

monografiis avtori ndash tatiana popova mosamzadebel safexurebad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos pirveli Svidi Tavi Semdeg modis ndash codvili

cxovrebis uwmindurobisgan TviTganwmendisTvis moRvaweobaRwva a)

gulismier mankierebebTan brZola (VIII IX safexurebi) b) metyvelebasTan

dakavSirebul codvebTan brZola (X XI XII safexurebi) g)

xorcismiersxeulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVI XVII safexurebi) d)

sulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVIII-XXIII safexurebi) dabolos

moRvaweoba sulieri ganaxlebisTvis a) gulis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIV XXV

57

safexurebi) b) gonebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXVI XXVII XXVIII safexurebi) g)

nebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIX XXX safexurebi) (germani 1854 42-43)

mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini Tavis sadoqtoro naSromSi sagangebo

Tavs uZRvnis saTnoebaTa kibis struqturas da Semdeg kanonzomierebas

xedavs I-III Tavebi ndash Sesavali samonastro cxovrebisaTvis IV Tavidan

teqstis ZiriTadi nawili miZRvnilia morCilebisadmi rac samonastro

cxovrebis qvakuTxedia da es nawili mTavrdeba XXVI TaviT ndash gansjisa da

gulisxmierebisaTvis bolo oTxi Tavi eZRvneba qristianul srulyofas

mkvlevaris azriT teqstis pirveli Tavebi xasiaTdeba intensiuri

asketuri brZoliT da sabaziso saTnoebebis mopovebiT maSin roca meore

etapisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mWvretelobiTi urTierToba RmerTTan rac

miRwevadia mxolod imaTTvis vinc gadalaxa vnebebi maSasadame praqsisi

da Teoria romelsac iyenebs kidec teqstSi ioane sineli aris

morwmunis sulier cxovrebaSi ori Tanmimdevruli etapi (kordoCkini 2003

22-24) bdquoaRmca-vfrindi saqmisa mier (πρᾶξις) da ganvisuene xedvisa mier

(θεωρία) da simdablisardquo (sineli 1965 56)

andrei kordoCkinis azriT kibis struqtura gvTavazobs sulieri

cxovrebis etapobriv Tanmimdevrul progress magram misi safexurebi

ar unda gavigoT rogorc mkacrad gansazRvrul-dadgenili

Tanmimdevroba miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli axasiaTebs calkeul

safexurebs gvaCvenebs mis mimarTebas winamaval an momdevno safexurTan

es ar gamoricxavs am vnebebis da saTnoebebis erTmaneTis paralelurad

daZlevisa an mopovebis perspeqtivas ubralod amgvari struqtura

miuTiTebs rom sulier cxovrebaSi progresi etapobrivi procesia da

SeuZlebelia mTliani kibis erTbaSad avla magaliTad safexuri locvis

Sesaxeb romelic moTavsebuliა teqstis dasasrulisken ar gulisxmobs

imas rom morwmunem ar unda ilocos ufro adreul safexurebzec

zogierT vnebasTan (magaliTad rogoricaa nayrovaneba) brZola ki

saWiroa yvela safexurze (kordoCkini 2003 27-28)

amrigad rogorc vxedavT saTnoebiTa kibis kompoziciur wyobasa

da struqturas specialur literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba

gamouwvevia sxvaze metad sarwmunoa andrei kordoCkinis mosazreba rom

Txzulebis kompoziciis safexureobrivi sistema pirobiTia da is

58

gamoyenebulia sulieri aRmasvlis rogorc etapobrivi procesis Cvenebis

mizniT vfiqrob nawarmoebis pirvel da bolo TavebSi marTlac ikveTeba

garkveuli kanonzomiereba (vgulisxmob Sesaval Tavebs sadac saubaria

samonastro cxovrebisTvis aucilebel sabaziso saTnoebebze ndash soflidan

gasvlasa da misdami gulgrilobaze da bolo Tavebs sulieri

srulyofisa da RmerTTan SeerTebis mdgomareobaze) rac Seexeba

danarCen safexurebs maTi dayofa erTmniSvnelovnad saTnoebebis

mopovebis an mankierebebis daZlevis mixedviT marTebulad ar meCveneba

saqme isaa rom konkretuli vnebis daZleva TavisTavSi gulisxmobs

Sesabamisi am vnebis sapirispiro saTnoebis mopovebasac rasac mxars

uWers saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti nawarmoebis amgvari gaazreba erTi

safexuris sazRvrebSi moaqcevs aramarto konkretul mankierebasTan

brZolas aramed am mankierebis daZlevis gziT misi opoziciuri

saTnoebis mopovebasac ase magaliTad safexuri romelic miZRvnilia

ulmobelobisTvis aseve gulisxmobs lmobierebis mopovebasac romelic

miiRweva ulmobelobis vnebis daZleviT igive suraTia saTnoebaTaTvis

miZRvnil safexurebSic avtori erTsa da imave safexurSi gvaZlevs ormag

instruqcias ndash konkretuli saTnoebis mopovebisa da am saTnoebis

sapirispiro vnebasTan brZolis saSualebebze sainteresoa rom rig

SemTxvevebSi dasaTaurebaSic Cans es niuansi kalistos ueari mosazrebas

imis Taobaze rom saTnoebaTa kibeSi vnebebisadmi miZRvnil safexurTa

raodenoba Warbobs safexurebs saTnoebebze pasuxobs im Tavebze

miTiTebiT romelTa saTaurSive asaxula opoziciuri ndash vneba-saTnoeba ndash

wyvili kerZod merve safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀοργησίας καὶ πραότητος (misive

urisxvelobisaTAcircs da simSvidisa) meTerTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ πολυλογίας καὶ

σιωπῆς (Tqmuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi dumilisaTAcircs da mraval-

metyuelebisa) meTxuTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀφθάρτου ἐν φθαρτοῖς ἐκ καμάτων καὶ

ἱδρώτων ἁγνείας καὶ σοφροςύνης (misive uxrwnelisaTAcircs gaxrwnadTa Soris

SromaTagan da oflTa siwmidisaTAcircs da mrTelcnobobisa) (ueari 1982 14)

da sxva

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri beri sofroniusisa da arqimandrit

egnates mier gamocemul teqstebsa da meTiu raderis teqstSi

59

gansxvavebulia meTiu raderis teqstSi es safexuri miZRvnilia

vercxlismoyvareobisadmi (Περὶ φιλαργυρίας) xolo sofroniosisa da

arqimandrit egnates gamocemebis XVI TavSi gaerTianebulia meTiu

raderis teqstis momdevno XVII safexuric (Περὶ ἀκτημοςύνης)

(upovarebisaTvis) rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs eqvTime aTonelis

petre gelaTelis da ioane petriwis Targmanebi TavTa TanmimdevrobiT

mihyvebian meTiu raderis teqsts anu calk-calkea gamoyofili

vercxlismoyvareobisa da upovarebisadmi miZRvnili safexurebi am mxriv

sainteresoa anton kaTalikosis teqsti romelic XVI TavSi

gaerTianebulia aRniSnuli safexurebi (angarebisaTAcircs ese

upovarebisaTAcircs) rTuli saTqmelia ra motiviT cvlis anton kaTalikosi

TavTa Tanmimdevrobas (am msjelobas kidev ufro arTulebs is faqti rom

Cven xelT ar gvaqvs kritikulad dadgenili berZnuli teqsti romelSic

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneboda xelnawerTa sakmarisi raodenoba)

SesaZlebelia igi Tematurad awyvilebs am or Tavs Cem mier zemoT

Camoyalibebuli principis Tanaxmad (TiToeuli safexuri moicavs

rogorc vnebasTan brZolas aseve saTnoebebis mopovebasac da piriqiT)

faqtia rom sofroniosisa da arqimandrit egnates teqstebi antons xelT

ar eqneboda radganac SedarebiT gviandeli gamocemebia magram

dasaSvebia rom xelT hqonoda sxva rame saerTo wyaro

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis safexurebis sistematizacia

rogorc vnebebTan brZola da saTnoebebis mopoveba pirobiTia ZiriTadad

konkretuli safexuris mxolod dasaTaurebas eyrdnoba da ar

iTvaliswinebs Sinaarsobriv mxares Sesabamisad viRebT teqstis

kompoziciis meqanikur (mxolod saTauris doneze) gaazrebas rasac

ewinaaRmdegeba teqstis mTliani semantika

nawarmoebis struqturuli Taviseburebis kidev erTi Cemi azriT

mniSvnelovani sakiTxia saTnoebaTa kibis Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mosazreba zarinis (Зарин СМ) azriT safexuridan

safexurze gadasvlisas xSirad rTulia logikuri Tu fsiqologiuri

Tanmimdevrulobis danaxva da arc safexurebs Soris sazRvaria mkacrad

dadgenili (popova 201133) sxva mosazrebiT ki teqtis agebulebas

safuZvlad udevs mkacri logikuri Tanmimdevrulobis gancda da mis

60

saerTo kompoziciaSi devs sulieri aRmasvlis idea (proxorovi 1985 254)

ioane sineli iesos cxovrebis wlebis analogiiT Seqmnili nawarmoebis

kompoziciaSi mkveTrad mijnavs safexurebs erTmaneTisgan da

amavdroulad kravs maT erT mTlianobad rogorc wesi maRalmxatvruli

saxeebis saSualebiT da nawarmoebis mTavar ideaze (swrafva nebis

srulyofilebisken) daqvemdebarebiT amaSi mdgomareobs avtoris didi

damsaxureba da nawarmoebis kompoziciis originaloba (popova 2011 34-35)

teqsti aCvenebs sulieri cxovrebis gansxvavebul aspeqtebs maT

urTierTkavSirSi ioane sineli erTi mxriv saubrobs calkeul vnebebsa

da saTnoebebze da meore mxriv ganixilavs maT warmoSobas safuZvels

an kidev Sedegs da gvaZlevs erTgvar instruqciebs

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoriisa da saTnoebaTa kibis safexurebis

semantikuri urTierTmimarTebis problemis ganxilvis Semdeg Cven winaSe

aranakleb saintereso sakiTxebi wamoiWreba ra urTierTmimarTebebs

amyareben saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebi rogoria maTi

struqtura amJRavneben Tu ara gansxvavebebs Cven xelT arsebul berZnul

teqstebTan

rogorc aRvniSneT saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime aToneliseuli

Targmanis ena sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs

profesor meri cincaZes (cincaZe 1965) igi sxva problemur sakiTxebTan

erTad exeba qarTuli Targmanis struqturul Taviseburebebsac mokled

Camovayalibeb am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil

arsebiT struqturul gansxvavebebs mines krebulSi dabeWdil berZnul

teqstsa da eqvTime aToneliseul Targmans Soris

berZnul teqstSi calke XXIII Tavad aris gamoyofili Περὶ τῆς

ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας (ampartavanebisaTvis) romelic sinadvileSi unda iyos

XXII Tavis Semadgeneli nawili sadac saubaria cudad-mzuaobrobaze anu

qedmaRlobaze (Περὶ τῆς πολυμόρφου κενοδιξίας) ioane sineli teqstSic

miuTiTebs rom ampartavneba da cudad-mzuaobroba mas erT vnebad miaCnia

amitom mosalodnelia rom avtori mas calke ar gamoyofda XXIII Tavi

sadac Setanilia aRniSnuli nawili dasaTaurebulia Semdegnairad

gamouTqumelTa gulis-sityuaTaTAcircs gmobisaTa mkvlevari fiqrobs rom es

Semdegdroindel gadamwerTa Secdoma unda iyos rasac eqvTime aToneli

61

qarTul TargmanSi asworebs da XXII TavSi aerTianebs orive nawils es

ldquoSecdomardquo petre gelaTelsac aqvs SeniSnuli Tumca mainc misdevs

berZnul teqsts da aRniSnuli Tavi XXIII safexurSi Seaqvs eqvTime

aTonelis anderZSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs ldquoTavni viTarca aqa iyvnen egre

dasxeniT rameTu meca viTarca mipovnian egreT damisxnian yovelni

wiTliTardquo ndash swored am anderZis safuZvelze mkvlevari askvnis rom

romeliRac berZnul xelnawerSi romliTac eqvTime aToneli

sargeblobda Tavebis mimdevroba ar iyo areuli (cincaZe 1965 45-47)

aRniSnuli faqti erTi mxriv uaRresad mniSvnelovania TviT berZnuli

teqstis rekonstuqciisaTvisac radganac eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis

struqtura ar misdevs Cven xelT arsebul aqamde gamocemul arc erT

berZnul teqsts da aSkarad eyrdnoba XI saukuneSi arsebul gansxvavebul

xelnawers (an xelnawerebs) meore mxriv eqvTime aToneli aSkarad

miuTiTebs rom mas xelT aqvs dedani romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba

isevea organizebuli rogorc mis teqstSi amasTanave eqvTimes

SeniSvnidan isic irkveva rom man icis sxva berZnuli teqstis arsebobis

Sesaxeb romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba sxvagvaria rom ara avtoris

remarka SesaZloa eqvTime aToneliseuli saTnoebaTa kibis struqturis

ldquogadaxrardquo Cven xelT arsebuli berZnuli teqstebisgan agvexsna rogorc

eqvTime aTonelis Taviseburi mTargmnelobiTi meTodi bevr SemTxvevaSi

specialur literaturaSi gavrcelebuli mosazreba eqvTime aTonelis

mTargmnelobiT meTodTan dakavSirebiT (kleba-metebis principi) eyrdnoba

misi Targmanebis arakritikul teqstTan Sedarebis safuZvelze miRebul

daskvnebs ukanasknelma kvlevebma kerZod ki profesor elguja

xinTibiZis specialurma gamokvlevam eqvTime aTonelis ori Targmanis

berZnul teqstTan mimarTebis Taobaze gamoavlina is meTodologiuri

Secdoma rac eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis arakritikul berZnul

teqstTan Sedarebisas iCens Tavs (xinTibiZe 1969144-151) am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT aseve sagulisxmoa teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa sakiTxi

eqvTime aTonelis teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa Seswavlis safuZvelze

m cincaZe gamoavlens qarTul teqstSi sqolioebs romelTac berZnulSi

Sesatyvisi ar moepovebaT mkvlevris azriT qarTvel mTargmnels xelT

hqonia sqolioTa sxva variantebi misive SeniSvniT eqvTime aTonelis

62

Targmans berZnuli teqstisgan gansxvavebul zogierT adgilSi gverdSi

udgas petre gelaTelis redaqciac am faqtze dayrdnobiT mkvlevari

askvnis rom am ori Targmanis erTnairi adgilebi romliTac isini

Sordebian berZnuls saeWvoa rom gaCeniliyo orive mTargmnelTan

erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad SesaZloa ori varaudis daSveba a) maTi

wyaroa romeliRac sxva berZnuli xelnaweri gansxvavebuli im

xelnawerebisgan romelic safuZvlad daedo meTiu raderis teqsts b)

SesaZloa petre gelaTeli Targmanis procesSi iSveliebda eqvTime

aTonelis redaqcias g) zogierTi adgilis mixedviT ki romlebiTac

eqvTime aTonelis Targmani Sordeba berZnul versias (Sesabamisad petre

gelaTelis teqstsac) SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom qarTveli mTargmnelebi

sxvadasxva berZnuli xelnawerebidan Targmnidnen teqsts (cincaZe 1965 55)

sadisertacio naSromis sxva Tavebis (struqtura stili terminologia

simbolika) saWiroebidan gamomdinare petre gelaTelis teqstis meTiu

raderis teqstTan mimarTebis kvlevam gamoavlina rom mTargmneli

TiTqmis sityvasityviT mihyveba berZnul dedans amdenad ar arsebobs

safuZveli vifiqroT rom mas xelT hqonda meTiu raderis teqstisgan

gansxvavebuli xelnaweri ufro savaraudoa rom petre gelaTeli

icnobda eqvTime aTonelis teqsts da SigadaSig (mag sqolioebis

SemTxvevaSi) sargeblobda kidec

rac Seexeba poetur Targmanebs isini met struqturul

Taviseburebas iCenen

saTnoebaTa kibis mesame safexurSi Περὶ ξενιτείας (ucxoebisaTvis)

ioane sinels Seutania swavleba sizmarTa Sesaxeb da gamouyvia igi

calke qveTavad (Περὶ ἐνυπνίων ἀκολουθούντων εἰσαιγογικοῖς) numeraciis gareSe

asea qarTul prozaul TargmanebSic eqvTime aToneli ndash ucxoebisaTAcircs

romelsa Sina ityAcircs sizmarTaTAcircsca cudTa petre gelaTeli ndash misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs (sizmarTaTAcircs sizmarTami SedgomilTaTAcircs SeyvanebadTaAacutesa

anton kaTalikosiseul poetur variantSi sizmarTaTvis gamoyofilia

calke damoukidebel Tavad romelsac iseve rogorc sxva Tavebs win

uZRvis anton kaTalikosis Sesavali kidurwerilobiT gaformebuli

originali strofi xolo safexuri moicavs sxva Tavebis msgavsad aT

iambur strofs anu anton kaTalikosi am Tavs qmnis rogorc

63

damoukidebel srulfasovan safexurs da mosalodneli iyo kidec rom

igi gamoeyo Semdeg meoTxe safexurad Tumca avtori aRniSnul Tavs

numeracias ar aniWebs da Semdeg meoTxe safexurad tovebs Tavs

morCilebisaTvis wmidisa iseve rogorc es prozaul TargmanebSi da

berZnul teqstebSia amitom Tavebis mimdevroba SenarCunebulia da

mihyveba berZnul da qarTul prozaul teqstebs anton kaTalikosisgan

gansxvavebiT ioane petriwiseul saTnoebaTa kibeSi sizmarTaTAcircs calke

meoTxe safexurad aris gamoyofili amitomac Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

gansxvavebulia sxva yvela danarCeni teqstisgan es gansxvaveba swordeba

teqstSi mecxre ndash meaTe Tavebis ZAcircris-AtildesenebisaTAcircs da ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs

gaerTianebiT erTi saTauris ndash ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs qveS amgvarad berZnul

da naTargmn teqstebSi calk-calke gamoyofili ori sxvadasxva

safexuris gaerTianebiT avtori asworebs TavTa mimdevrobas (romelic

airia sizmarTa Sesaxeb Tavis calke gamoyofiT) danarCeni teqstebis

mixedviT

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri Περὶ φιλαργυρίας rogorc zemoT ukve

aRiniSna ioane sinels miuZRvnia vercxlismoyvareobisaTvis asea es

Txzulebis qarTul variantebSic anton kaTalikoss ki am TavSi

angarebisaTAcircs ese gauerTianebia Semdegi safexuric ndash upovarebisaTAcircs

msgavsad beri sofroniusis da arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli

teqstebisa samagierod calk-calke Tavebad (XXI-XXII Tavebi) dauyvia

cuddideboba da zesTmCenobisaTAcircs rogorc zemoT vnaxeT eqvTime

aToneli am or Tavs aerTianebs petre gelaTelTan ki zesTmCenobisaTAcircs

Setanilia Semdeg XXIII safexurSi (misive gamouTqumelTaTAcircs

gulissityuaTa gmobisaTa) iseve rogorc patrologia grekaSi dabeWdil

berZnul teqstSi Περὶ τῆς ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας ἐν ῷ καὶ περὶ ἀκαθάρτων λογισμῶν τῆς

βλασφημίας anton kaTalikosis teqsti am SemTxvevaSi bolomde arc petre

gelaTelis Targmans misdevs igi samive Tavs calk-calke gamohyofs XXI

Tavi ndash cuddideboba XXII ndash zesTmCenobisaTAcircs XXIII ndash gmobisaTvis aqve

unda SevniSnoT rom antoniseuli teqstis safexurebis Tanmimdevroba am

SemTxvevaSic misdevs sofroniusis teqsts sadac aseve calk-calkea

gamoyofili samive zemoT aRniSnuli safexuri amdenad antonis teqstis

struqtura zustad emTxveva sofroniusis mier konstantinepolSi

64

dabeWdili da arqimandrit egnates mier gadamuSavebuli teqstebis

struqturas zemoT ukve aRvniSne rom es teqstebi gviandeli periodisaa

rac gamoricxavs antonisgan aRniSnuli gamocemebis codnas maSasadame

antoniseuli teqstis struqturaze msjelobisas SesaZlebelia ori

varaudis daSveba 1) antoni azrobrivad awyobs safexurebis

Tanmimdevrobas kerZod aerTianebs XVI-XVII safexurebs romelic

miZRvnilia angarebisa da upovarebisaTvis Tematurad am safexurebis

gaerTianeba aSkarad logikuria radgan ioane sineli sxva SemTxvevaSi ar

yofs calk-calke Tavebad saTnoebas da am saTnoebis sapirispiro vnebas

magaliTad nayrovanebisadmi miZRvnil safexurSi igi saubrobs marxvis

saTnoebazec da calke ar gamoyofs marxvis safexurs da aS rac Seexeba

XXI XXII XXIII Tavebs zesTmCenobis Sesaxeb safexuris gamoyofa

gmobisadmi miZRvnili safexurisgan bunebrivad Cans xolo

cuddidebobisa da zesTmCenobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna SesaZloa

avtors dasWirda cota zemoT darRveuli TavTa raodenobis aRsadgenad

raTa jamSi mieRo 30 safexuri 2) savsebiT dasaSvebia aseve rom anton

kaTalikoss xelT hqonoda CvenTvis ucnobi rame sxva wyaro romelSic

TavTa Tanmimdevroba swored ise iqneboda organizebuli rogorc man da

cota mogvianebiT am teqstis gamomcemlebma berma sofroniusma da

arqimandritma egnatem daalages aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom Cem mier

Catarebulma specialurma kvlevam anton kaTalikosis teqstis ZiriTad

wyarod gamoavlina petre gelaTelis Targmani (aseve icnobs da zog

SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba eqvTime aTonelis da ioane petriwis teqstebsac)

amdenad Tuki davuSvebT rom anton kaTalikoss xelT hqonda rame sxva

wyaro savaraudod igi gamouyenebia oden Tavisi teqstis struqturuli

organizebisaTvis

naTqvamis sailustraciod da ukeT aRsaqmelad aqve gTavazobT

erTgvar sqemas ndash paralelurad dalagebul saanalizo TavTa saTaurebs

berZnul teqstebsa da qarTul TargmanebSi

eqvTime

aToneli

petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

ioane

petriwi

Patrologiae

Cursus

Completus

Series Graeca

Vol 88

65

1

a

b 1

a soflisa

amis

amaoAacutesa

ganSorebis

aTAcircs

gamosvlisaTAcircs

sofliT

sofliT

gamosvlasag

an

gamosvlis

aTAcircs

sofliT

ese

Περὶ ἀποταγῆς

Βίου

2

bsiZulvili

saTAcircs

soflisa da

saqmeTa

misTa

misive

umzrunvelobisa

TAcircs

uzrunvelo

bisaTvis

ar

siyuaruli

saTAcircs

soflisa

Περὶ

ἀπροσπαθείας

ἤγουν ἀλυπίας

3

g

ucxoebisaTAcirc

s

romelsa

Sina ityAcircs

sizmarTaTAcircs

ca

cudTa

misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs

(sizmarTaTAcircs

sizmarTami

SedgomilTaTAcircs

SeyvanebadTaAacutesa)

ucxoebisaT

vis

ucxoebisa

TAcircs

Περὶ ξενιτείας

Περὶ ἐνυπνίων

ἀκολουθούντ

ων

εἰσαγωγικοῖς

sizmarTaTv

is

4

S) wamebis

a

misTAcircs

romeli

iqmnebis

morCilebisa

meoTxe

aRsavali

netarisaTAcircs da

maradis

Atildesenebulisa

morCilebisa

4 Tavi ndash

morCilebis

aTvis

wmidisa

sizmarTaT

Acircs

Περὶ τῆς

μακαρίας καὶ

ἀειμνήστου

ὑπακοῆς

66

mier

5

e

sinanulisa

TAcircs

romelsa

Sina ityAcircs

dilegisa

misTAcircs

misive mexuTe

aRsavali

sinanulisaTAcircs

zrunvilisa da

WeSmaritisa

gancxadebulad

sinanulisa

Tvis es

morCilebi

saTAcircs es

Περὶ

μετανοίας

μεμεριμνημέν

ης καὶ

ἐναργοῦς ἐν ᾖ

καὶ Βίος τῶν

ἁγίων

καταδίκων καὶ

περὶ τῆς

φυλακῆς

6

v

AtildesenebisaTAcirc

s

sikudilisa

misive

AtildesenebisaTAcircs

sikudilisa

xsenebisa

sikudilisa

sinanulis

aTAcircs ese

arisve

Περὶ μνήμης

θανάτου

7

z codvaTa

ganmwmedel

isa

gloisaTAcircs

misive

sixarulis

moqmedisa

gloisaTAcircs

glovisaTAcircs

AtildesenebisaT

Acircs

sikudilis

a

Περὶ τοῦ

χαροποιοῦ

πένθους

8

Agrave

urisxvelob

isaTAcircs

misive

urisxvelobisa

TAcircs da

simSvidisa

urisxuelob

isaTvis

glovisaTAcirc

s

Περὶ

ἀοργησίας καὶ

πραότητος

9

T

Zacircris-

AtildesenebisaTAcirc

s

misive

ZAcircrisAtildesenebisaT

Acircs

TAcircs

Zacircrisxsenebi

sa

urisxvel

obisaTAcircs

Περὶ

μνησικακίας

i

Zacircris-

misive

ZAcircriszraxvisaT

Zacircriszraxvi

sa

Zacircris-

zraxvisaT

Περὶ

καταλαλιᾶς

2

Sinaarsi

Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

Tavi I

saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis qristianuli azrovnebis konteqstSi-----9

1 moralur-eTikuri principebi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi -----------------------------14

2 saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis sakiTxi -------------------------------------------------------------------24

3 saTnoebaTa kibis gavlena momdevno epoqis literaturaze ------------------------------35

Tavi II

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis struqturuli da stiluri

Taviseburebani -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51

1 saTnoebaTa kibis struqturuli Tavisebureba ---------------------------------------------------52

2 saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis stilis zogierTi sakiTxi----------------75

3 saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi redaqciebis versifikacia ---------------------------------------90

Tavi III

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis simbolika-------------------------------------96

1 saTnoebaTa kibis ZiriTadi simboloebi ------------------------------------------------------------99

2 saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi teqstebis originaluri nawilis simbolika ------113

Tavi IV

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis filosofiur-

Teologiuri terminologia ------------------------------------------------------------------------120

1 logikuri terminologia (gamoCineba aRmosaCeni apodiqsis silogizmi

gamoxategravea gulisAtildemayofa gulissityua goneba gagonebaAacute mogonebaAacute

midmogoneba mimogoneba) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------123

2 ontologiuri terminologia (metafizika xedva xilva skoposi iWAcirc

dasasruli - ὁ τέλος enteleqia arsebabuneba ndash ldquoΟὐσία) ----------------------------------136

Tavi V

saTnoebaTa kibis anton kaTalikosiseuli redaqcia --------------------------------145

1 anton kaTalikosiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis mimarTebebi adreul qarTul

redaqciebTan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------146

2 anton kaTalikosis mier saTnoebaTa kibeSi CarTuli strofebi---------------------166

3

Tavi VI

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis mniSvneloba bizantiuri da

qarTuli filologiisTvis -----------------------------------------------------------------------175

ZiriTadi daskvnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------185

gamoyenebuli literatura -------------------------------------------------------------------------188

4

Sesavali

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis asketur-mistikuri

xasiaTis erT-erTi yvelaze srulyofili da popularuli zneobrivi

saxelmZRvaneloa masSi gamokveTilia yvela is fundamenturi eTikuri

principi romelic antikuri xanidan moyolebuli araerTi didi

moazrovnis yuradRebis centrSi moqceula xolo qristianobam axali

SinaarsiT ganmsWvala srulyo mTlian sistemad Camoayaliba rogorc

axali koncefcia da adamianuri qcevis normad gamoacxada

nawarmoebi Targmnilia qristianuli mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis

yvela enaze (bezaraSvili 1987 129) qarTulad ki teqstis eqvsi redaqcia

Camoyalibda romelTagan sruli saxiT SemorCenilia ori prozauli

Targmani ndash eqvTime aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis da ori poeturi

gadamuSaveba ndash ioane petriwisa da anton kaTalikosis

problemis aqtualoba Sua saukuneebis sulier kulturaSi

saTnoebaTa kibis did mniSvnelobasa da aqtualobaze metyvelebs

sxvadasxva enaze Sesrulebuli mravalricxovani Targmani da xelnawerTa

simravle Zveli avtorebi saTnoebaTa kibes imdenad maRal Sefasebas

aZlevdnen rom mas mose winaswarmetyvelis dekalogs adarebdnen da

masze aRmatebul teqstadac ki warmoaCendnen ldquoda gardamoAtildeda axali igi

RmTis-mxilveli Cuenda momarT gonebiTa mTiT siniT da gAcircCuenna Cuen

manca RmrTiv-werilni igi ficarnirdquo (sineli 1965 13) an kidev ldquoerTiTa

oden ara iqmna msgavs (ioane sineli) mosesa rameTu ara moiwia mis zeda

verSeslvaAacute zecisa mas ierusalAgravemsa viTar-igi mose queyanasa ierusalAgravemsa

ver Sevidardquo (sineli 1965 13) - wers ioane sinelze misi biografi daniel

raiTeli

ioane sinelis Txzuleba aranakleb popularulia Sua saukuneebis

qarTul sulier kulturaSi am teqstisadmi interesi ar cxreba

saukuneebis manZilze ndash preaTonuri periodidan vidre gvian Sua

saukuneebamde Txzulebis ukanaskneli anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi

redaqcia XVIII saukuneSi Seiqmna aRsaniSnavia rom nawarmoebis Targmna-

gadamuSavebaze muSaobdnen epoqis yvelaze avtoritetuli qarTveli

5

moRvaweebi eqvTime aToneli ioane petriwi petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT Sua saukuneebis qarTveli

swavlulebi ecnobodnen ara marto sakuTriv am didmniSvnelovan teqsts

aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac romliTac ioane sineli

sargeblobs aRniSnuli wyaroebi romlebic organulad aris CarTuli

ioane sinelis teqstis mTlian qsovilSi (Sesabamisad mis qarTul

TargmanebSic) rig SemTxvevaSi wyaros avtorze miTiTebiTac ki axali

codniT avsebs da amdidrebs qarTul kulturul da saazrovno sivrces

amrigad sakvlevi problemis aqtualobas gansazRvravs Sesaswavli

teqstebis mniSvneloba kerZod is rom maT Rrma kvali datoves Sua

saukuneebis qarTul mxatvrul-filosofiur azrovnebaze

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria saTnoebaTa kibis nusxebis simravlem

mravali filologiuri problema warmoSva TviT originalis kvlevis

procesSi da ar aris SemTxveviTi rom saTnoebaTa kibis didi

popularobis miuxedavad ar arsebobs teqstis kritikuli gamocema

berZnul enazec ki Ggamocemuli ar aris arc qarTuli prozauli

Targmanebis kritikuli teqstebi Tumca prof meri cincaZis

sadisertacio naSroms - ldquoioane sinelis klemaqsis eqvTimeseuli Targmani

da misi enardquo (cincaZe 1965) - danarTis saxiT axlavs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis kritikulad dadgenili teqsti romelic ramdenime ZiriTad

xelnawers emyareba mkvlevari gamosacemad amzadebs aseve petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis kritikul teqsts prof m cincaZes

sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis enasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi orTografiul-

fonetikuri Taviseburebani berZnul-qarTuli fonetikuri Sesatyvisobani

morfologia sintaqsi agreTve Targmanis xelnawerebi urTierToba

nusxaTa Soris eqvTimes mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebebi

naSromSi Sedarebulia klemaqsis qarTuli da berZnuli redaqciebi maTi

Sedgenilobis mixedviT m cincaZes aseve Seswavlili aqvs petre

gelaTeliseul Targmanis enobrivi mxare winamdebare naSromSi

citatebs vimowmebT petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis mis mier dadgenili

6

teqstidan ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqcia

gamosca mkvlevarma ivane lolaSvilma teqsts Tan axlavs vrceli

winasityvaoba sadac mecnieri farTod mimoixilavs ioane petriwis

biografiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs mis saliteraturo moRvaweobas

filosofiur-Teologiur msoflmxedvelobas da am WrilSi saTnoebaTa

kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciis ramdenime pasaJs iv lolaSvilis

azriT teqstis gelaTuri Targmanis avtoric ioane petriwia xolo

petre gelaTels ekuTvnis mxolod ori iambiko romelSic Seqebulia

ioane sineli da klemaqsis mTargmneli ioane petriwi (petriwi 1968 65) k

kekeliZes gelaTuri Targmanis avtorad petre gelaTeli miaCnda ioane

petriwis avtorobis sakiTxs ar iziarebs arc e WeliZe romelic

specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis Sedegad askvnis rom aRniSnuli

teqstis mTargmneli petre gelaTelia (WeliZe 1996 674) aRsaniSnavia

aseve i abulaZis Sroma ldquorusTavelis xanis qarTulidan naTargmni Zveli

somxuri mwerlobis Zeglebirdquo sadac Seswavlilia saTnoebaTa kibis

somxuri Targmani romelic mkvlevris azriT ori qarTuli prozauli

Targmanis (eqvTime aToneli petre gelaTeli) monacemebs emyareba da maTi

Sejerebis Sedegadaa somxurad naTargmni (abulaZe 1938 129-130)

ukanasknel wlebSi aRmoCnda grigol nazianzelis TxzulebebSi CarTuli

saTnoebaTa kibis kidev erTi gansxvavebuli redaqciis fragmentebi

romelic q bezaraSvilma gamoaqveyna manve Seiswavla teqstTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi (bezaraSvili 1989 142-163) ioane sinelis anton

kaTalikosiseuli varianti gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam

kvlevaSi avtori ZiriTadad mimoixilavs anton kaTalikosis

literaturul stilsa da msoflmxedvelobas (kukava 1996)

naSromis sagani mizani amocanebi sadisertacio naSromis sagania

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli sakiTxebi cxadia Cvens gamokvlevas

Targmanebis raodenobisa da saanalizo sakiTxTa moculobis

gaTvaliswinebiT yvela problemis amomwuravad gaSuqebis pretenzia ar

gaaCnia naSromSi SemovifargleT TargmanebTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi

sakiTxebis SeswavliT mniSvnelovani aqcentebis dasmiTa da samomavlod

Sesaswavli problematikis identifikaciiT Sesabamisad SevecadeT

7

gagveanalizebina is ZiriTadi sakiTxebi rac teqstis kvlevis am etapze

CavTvaleT aucileblad vimedovnebT winamdebare naSromi xels Seuwyobs

ioane sinelis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebis Seswavlis sxva axal etapze

gadasvlas da momavali ufro srulyofili kvlevebisTvis safuZvlis

momzadebas

sadisertacio naSromis wyaroebi kvlevis ZiriTadi wyaroebia

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli redaqciebi esenia eqvTime

aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis prozauli Targmanebi da ioane

petriwiseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi gadamuSavebani aseve

meTiu raderisa da paraklitis monastris mier momzadebuli berZnuli

teqstebi saTnoebaTa kibis slavuri da inglisuri Targmanebi garda

amisa Targmanebis kvlevis procesSi naSromis ama Tu im nawilis

mizandasaxulobidan gamomdinarე wyarod gamoyenebulia antikuri

filosofiis Zeglebi da Sua saukuneebis saRvTismetyvelo literatura

naSromis Teoriuli baza naSromis Teoriul bazas warmoadgens

Tanamedrove medievistikasa da Targmanis TeoriaSi farTod

aprobirebuli da damkvidrebuli Teoriuli principebi qarTul

literaturaTmcodneobaSi Camoyalibebuli Zveli qarTuli originaluri

Tu naTargmni teqstebis kvlevis mdidari gamocdileba agreTve ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis aRiarebuli ucxoeli Tu qarTveli

mkvlevrebis kalistos uearis tatiana popovas Aandrei kordoCkinis

ivane lolaSvilis meri cincaZis qeTevan bezaraSvilisa da sxvaTa

naSromebi

meTodologia naSromSi sakvlevi obieqtis sirTulisa da

specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoyenebulia kompleqsuri midgoma

tradiciul da Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneobaSi aprobirebuli

kvlevis xerxebisa da meTodebis erToblioba kerZod aRweriTi meTodi -

kompetenturi da konteqsturi analizis gamoyenebiT komparativistuli ndash

genetikuri da tipologiuri midgomebiT struqturul-semiotikuri

sinqronuli da diaqronuli aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT agreTve

hermenevtikuli meTodi calkeul sakiTxTa analizisTvis mivmarTavT

interdisciplinuri kvlevis meTods

8

mecnieruli siaxle dRemde saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul TargmanebTan

dakavSirebuli problematika Seswavlilia romelime erTi redaqciis

gaTvaliswinebiT winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens ioane sinelis

saTnoebaTa kibis oTxi sruli redaqciis kompleqsuri literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli analizis mcdelobas kerZod masSi

ganxilulia saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis problema interteqsturi

mimarTebebi qarTuli redaqciebis struqturuli da stiluri analizi da

maTi mimarTeba berZnul teqstebTan poeturi teqstebis versifikaciuli

Tavisebureba qarTuli Targmanebis simbolika da poeturi teqstebis

originalur CanarTebSi gamoyenebul simboloTa analizi teqstebis

ZiriTadi filosofiuri terminologia antoniseuli gadamuSavebis

mimarTeba manamde arsebul redaqciebTan CamoTvlil sakiTxTagan nawili

aqamde sruliad Seuswavleli iyo xolo zogierTi maTgani ki rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT Seswavlili iyo romelime erT redaqciaze dayrdnobiT

naSromis mecnieruli da praqtikuli Rirebuleba masalis analizi

kvlevis Sedegebi da daskvnebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas ioane sinelis

teqstis misi qarTuli Targmanebis Semdgomi Seswavlis dros Zveli

qarTuli literaturis saleqcio kursebisa da speckursebis swavlebaSi

9

Tavi I

saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis qristianuli azrovnebis

konteqstSi

sadisertacio naSromis winamdebare TavSi mimovixilav ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad sakiTxebs romelTa

gaTvaliswinebis gareSe SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis

rolisa da adgilis gansazRvra

saTnoebaTa kibis avtorze informacias gvawvdis misi Tanamedrove

raiTis monastris beri danieli romlis mier dawerili ioane sinelis

cxovreba win uZRvis teqsts (Βίος ἐν ἐπιτομῇ τοῦ ἀββᾶ Ἰωάννου τοῦ ἡγουμένου τοῦ

ἁγίου ὅρους Σινᾶ τοῦ ἐπίκλην σχολαστικοῦ τοῦ ἐν ἁγίοις ὡς ἀληθῶς Συγγραφεὶς παρἀ Δανιὴλ

μοναχοῦ lsquoΡαιθηνοῦ ἀνδρὸς τιμίου καὶ ἐναρέτου PG Vol 88 596A) Teqvsmeti wlis

yofila ioane roca Sesula sinas monasterSi aqedan igi wasula

gandegilad sinelma berebma ioane gamoiwvies gandegilobidan da airCies

TavianT winamZRvrad sinas monasterSi moRvaweobis gamomxatvelia ioanes

wodeba ldquosinelirdquo misi ganaTlebisa da swavlulebis aRmniSvnelia

zedwodeba ldquosqolastikosirdquo xolo nawarmoebis mixedviT romlis

saTauric berZnulad JRers rogorc Κλίμαξ τοῦ παραδείσου (laT Scala Paradisi

ndash samoTxis kibe) igi xSirad iwodeba ldquoklemaqsadacrdquo (cincaZe 1965 1-2)

ioane sinelis biografia ar Seicavs konkretul TariRebs amitom dRemde

gaurkvevelia misi moRvaweobis zusti periodi amis Sesaxeb mecnierTa

Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa erTni fiqroben rom igi daaxloebiT 579-649

wlebSi moRvaweobda (nau 1902 35-37) meoreni misi moRvaweobis TariRs

kidev ufro ukan sweven da daaxloebiT 525-600 wlebiT SemosazRvraven

(sakosi 1964 180) sxvebi kidev Tvlian rom igi VII saukunis 70-80-ian

wlebSia gardacvlili (beki 1959 451)

rac Seexeba uSualod teqsts saTnoebaTa kibeSi Tavmoyrilia

ZiriTadi qristianuli eTikuri principebi teqsti Sedgeba 30 Tavisgan

(simbolurad ganasaxierebs qristes cxovrebis wlebs naTlisRebamde)

bibliuri iakobis xilvis miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibis

analogiiT ioane sineli safexureobriv struqturas iyenebs raTa

10

aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi ldquosaTnoebani wmidani msgavs arian

kibesa mas romeli ixila iakob rameTu SemdgomiTi Semdgomad SeslviTa

maT Sina aRamaRleben kacsa cadmderdquo (sineli 1965 202) TiToeuli

safexuris gadalaxva romelic gulisxmobs calkeuli vnebis daZlevasa

da saTnoebis mopovebas an piriqiT dakavSirebulia individis nebisyofasa

da gaunelebel brZolisunarianobasTan

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema dRemde ar arsebobs met-naklebad ukeTesad miiCneva

meTiu raderis (Matthew Rader) mier 1633 wels parizSi dabeWdili teqsti

romelic 1860 wels minem Seitana patrologia grekas (Patrologiae Cursus

Completus Series Graeca) 88-e tomSi (PG Vol 88 596-1209) saTnoebaTa kibis

meTiu raderiseulisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels

konstantinepolSi aTonis mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT

gamosca berma sofroniusma (kordoCkini 2003 14) yvelaze Zveli

axalberZnuli teqsti episkoposma maqsimem 1590 wels gamosca veneciaSi

xolo 1774 wels kvlav venciaSi arqimandritma ieremiam gamosca

saTnoebaTa kibe sqolioebiT aRsaniSnavia aseve parakletis monasterSi

arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli saTnoebaTa kibis axalberZnuli

teqsti romelSic gamomcemeli ukve arsebul gamocemebTan erTad

iTvaliswinebs kidev erT XIV saukunis aTonis mTis xelnawersac

(marTlmadidebluri 2010)

rogorc aRiniSna saTnoebaTa kibe Targmnilia qristianuli

mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis yvela enaze laTinur siriul arabul

eTiopur qarTul somxur slavur (bezaraSvili 1987 129) berZnuli

xelnawerebis mixedviT irkveva rom yvelaze metad bizantiaSi klemaqsi

gavrcelebuli iyo XI saukuneSi XII-XIII saukuneebSi am Zeglis mimarT

interesi SedarebiT Sesustda xolo XIV saukunidan isixasturi kamaTis

dros isev gaizarda (bezaraSvili 1989 145) slavur xelnawerebze

dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSic aseTive suraTi gvaqvs XI saukuneSi Zalze

gavrcelebulia pirveli slavuri Targmanebi (bulgareTSi Sesrulebuli

X-XI saukuneebSi) axali slavuri Targmani (ufro zusti) Sesrulda

serbeTSi XIV saukuneSi XIV-XV saukuneebSi kidev ufro gaizarda

11

interesi ruseTSi klemaqsisadmi XV saukunidan es interesi isev ecema

(bezaraSvili 1989 145) q bezaraSvilis azriT saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul

redaqciebze dakvirvebac msgavs suraTs aCvenebs (bezaraSvili 1989 145)

rogorc aRvniSneT qarTulad Camoyalibda klemaqsis eqvsi

redaqcia

1) X saukunemdeli Semoklebuli (gamokrebili) prozauli versia (mag Sin

14 (gariti 1956) romelic arabulidanaa Targmnili (utie 1973 45)

2) eqvTime aTonelis prozauli versia (X-XI ss) romelic yvelaze meti ndash

27-mde xelnaweriT aris Cvenamde moRweuli (cincaZe 1965 6)1 igi

gamocemulia XX saukunis dasawyisSi (sineli 1902) xolo mogvianebiT

ramdenjerme gamoica axalqarTulad eqvTime aTonelis samecniero

kritikulad dadgenili teqsti ki danarTis saxiT erTvis m cincaZis

disertacias (cincaZe 1965)

3) petre gelaTelis prozauli versia (gamosacemad mzaddeba m cincaZis

mier) romelsac ori Zveli xelnaweriT mouRwevia Cvenamde A-39 (XIV s) da

ufro adrindeli daviT garejSi nikras mier gadawerili nusxa (H-1669)2

romelic cnobili iyo eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis Semcvelad da

XII-XIII saukuneebiT aTariRebdnen (metreveli 1950 96-97) rogorc m

cincaZe arkvevs nusxis dasawyisi da bolo nawilebi marTlac

eqvTimeseul teqsts Seicaven ZiriTadi Sua nawili ki aris petre

gelaTelis Targmani (cincaZe 1965 17) A-39 da H-1669 nusxebs mkvlevris

dakvirvebiT aqvs erTi saerTo wyaro romelmac sxvadasxva gadamweris

xelSi sxvadasxva cvlileba ganicada (cincaZe 1995 42) xelisa da

orTografiuli niSnebis mixedviT H-1669 xelnawers m cincaZe XI-XII

saukuneebiT aTariRebs da svams mTargmnelis petre gelaTelis

moRvaweobis periodis sakiTxs (cincaZe 1965 17) romelic XIII saukunis

moRvawed iyo miCneuli (kekeliZe 1980 331-334) q bezaraSvilis azriT es

faqti ufro gamodgeba saimisod rom aRniSnuli Targmanis avtorad ioane

petriwi miviCnioT (bezaraSvili 1987 130) ioane petriws miiCnevs avtorad

iv lolaSvilic (petriwi 1968 65-68 89) e WeliZe ar iziarebs iv

1 xelnawerebTan dakavSirebiT ix kekeliZe 1927 155 kekeliZe 1957 65

2 sxva xelnawerebi gviandelia S-344 (XVIII s) H-2346 (XVIII s) H-2188 (XIX s) (cincaZe 1995 37)

12

lolaSvilis mosazrebas da specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis

Sedegad askvnis rom mTargmneli petre gelaTelia ldquoaRniSnul TargmanSi

vlindeba sakuTriv gelaTuri (arapetriwiseuli) petriwiseuli da

sruliad axali sakuTriv petre gelaTeliseuli

terminTSesatyvisobanicrdquo (WeliZe 1996 674)

prozauli redaqciebis garda arsebobs saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi

gadamuSavebebic

1) erT aseTs eqvTimeseul Targmanze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebul

leqsiT redaqcias romelic gamosca iv lolaSvilma (petriwi 1968)

tradicia ioane petriws miawers ldquosaxeli iovane aRniSnulia 302-e

strofis kidurwerilobaSic ldquomeox meqmen mamao iovane me ndash iovanes

mosavsa Sensardquo es ioane aris petriwi amas adasturebs literaturuli

tradicia (xelnawerze darTuli anderZebi da XVIII saukunis mweralTa

cnobebi)rdquo (petriwi 1968 94) amdenad radganac teqstis avtoris

dadgenisTvis aucilebeli kvlevebi ar aris Catarebuli da amjerad arc

Cveni kvlevis interesSi Semodis aRniSnul teqsts pirobiTad ioane

petriwiseulad movixseniebT

2) sxva anonimi avtoris mier damuSavebuli grigol nazianzelis

TxzulebebSi CarTuli poeturi redaqciis fragmentebi qeTevan

bezaraSvilma aRmoaCina teqsti gamocemulia Jurnal macneSi da imave

Jurnalis or nomerSi dabeWdilia vrceli gamokvleva teqstis Sesaxeb

(bezaraSvili 1987 129-154 bezaraSvili 1989 142-162) klemaqsis axal

qarTul versias safuZvlad udevs petre gelaTelis Targmani anonimi

frazeologiuri sizustiT misdevs Tavis wyaros mkvlevris azriT es

teqsti romelic moRweulia XVIII-XIX ss xelnawerebiT unda

momdinareobdes adreuli nakluli dednidan romelic Tavis mxriv

xelnaweris prosodiis niSnebis mixedviT petriwuli saliteraturo

skolidan unda iyos gamosuli amasve miuTiTebs teqstis stilic

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-148)

bolo ori leqsiTi redaqcia XVIII saukuneze adrindeli

xelnawerebiT ar aris cnobili isini antonis saliteraturo skolis

interesebma Semogvinaxa (bezaraSvili 1989 143-144) ufro metic

13

3) saTnoebaTa kibis ukanaskneli (XVIII s) da erTgvarad Semajamebeli

redaqcia Tavad anton kaTalikoss ekuTvnis teqsti erTi S-3731

xelnaweris mixedviT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam (kukava

1996)

saTnoebaTa kibe rogorc SesavalSi aRiniSna XIII saukuneSi

uTargmniaT qarTulidan somxurad somxurad am Targmanis ori nusxa

arsebobs erTi XIII saukunis xolo meore mogviano periodis orive

nusxaSi meoce Tavis bolos Senaxulia cnoba am Zeglis somxurad

Targmnis Sesaxeb ldquonaTargmnia aqamomdis wrfelis mowesis minas mesvetis

mier qalaq trapizons xolo aqedan simeon xuces-monazonisagan qarTuli

eniTrdquo simeon xuces-monazons klemaqsis garda qarTulidan somxurad

uTargmnia ioane damaskelis wyaroAacute-codnisaAacute da prokle diadoxosis

kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni ioane petriwis sqolioebiTurT saTnoebaTa

kibis somxur Targmanze dakvirvebis Sedegad i abulaZem gaarkvia rom

sakuTriv teqsti da traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT naTargmnia petre

gelaTelis qarTuli Targmanidan xolo ganmartebebi da daniel

raiTelis mier dawerili ioane sinelis cxovreba misdevs eqvTime

aTonelis Targmans mkvlevris azriT Zeglebi romlebic simeons

uTargmnia somxurad SemTxveviT xelT Cavardnili ar Cans isini

sagangebodaa SerCeuli rogorc metad mimzidveli Txzulebebi saSualo

saukuneebSi (abulaZe 1938 128-133)

zemoT warmodgenili mcire istoriul-literaturuli eqskursis

Semdeg SevexebiT saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad istoriul

da literaturul sakiTxebs romelTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSe rogorc

aRvniSneT SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis rolisa da

adgilis gansazRvra

14

amp 1 moralur-eTikuri principebi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi

cnobilia rom qristianuli eTikis wyaro pirvel rigSi bibliaa

Sesabamisad asketuri praqtika swored bibliis eTikis gansakuTrebuli

simkacriT dacvas gulisxmobsAasketizmi qristianuli kulturis erT-

erTi fundamentia am kulturis nebismieri sferos srulyofilad

Seswavla askezis eTikuri principebis gauTvaliswineblad SeuZlebelia

Tu adre mecniereba asketizms ganixilavda rogorc mxolod uaryofiT

movlenas masSi eZebda sociumTan damokidebulebaSi oden destruqciul

midgomebs individis SemboWav da madeformirebel kategoriebs dRes

aSkarad gamoikveTa araerTi aspeqti misi rogorc dadebiTi movlenisa

Sesabamisad monoliTur dasavlur kulturaSi TiTqos xelaxlა

aRmoაCines asketizmi rogorc kulturuli movlena DdabejiTebiT

miuTiTeben rom asketizmi gvTavazobs eTikis safuZveldamdeb

motivaciebs rom asketuri Rvawlis gavlena ar Semoifargleba oden

religiuri sivrciT aramed is zemoqmedebs kulturis xelovnebis

mwerlobis ama Tu im mimarTulebis formirebaze xolo eTikuri

diskursis fonic da intenciac asketizmSia saZiebeli (xoruJi 1998 24)

raki ioane sinelis teqsti zneobrivi saxelmZRvaneloa pirvel

rigSi saWiroa gairkves eTikis roli antikur da Sua saukuneebis

kulturaSi

cnobilia rom qristianulma kulturam Tavis wiaRSi antikuri

msoflmxedvelobis erTgvari integracia moaxdina ufro metic Sua

saukuneebSi qristianuli filologiis ganviTarebis process aRweren

rogorc antikuri meTodologiisa da praqtikis rdquoqristianizaciisrdquo

process (doborjginiZe 2012 43) igive SeiZleba iTqvas Sua saukuneebis

msoflmxedvelobaze bunebrivia rom antikur-berZnul kulturaze

amozrdilma da am kulturiT nasazrdoebma qristianulma

msoflmxedvelobam memkvidreobad antikuri kulturisa da filosofiis

didi gamocdileba miiRo aqve aRvniSnavT rom platonis

filosofiasTan (saerTod klasikuri periodis eTikasTan ndash im)

qristianuli eTikisa da asketuri principebis gansakuTrebuli

siaxlovidan gamomdinare mkvlevari rv livingstoni wignSi ndash berZeni

15

geniosi da misi mniSvneloba CvenTvis (The Greek Genius and its Meaning to us)

ndash svams udavod saintereso SekiTxvas iyo Tu ara platoni asketi

(livingstoni 1912) es siaxlove samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzis

aris aRniSnuli jilian evansis marTebuli azriT filosofiur

sistemebs hqonda ara mxolod inteleqtualuri aramed praqtikul-

moraluri xasiaTic maTi mizani iyo bednierebis miRweva saTnoebebis

meSveobiT (evansi 2014 10) Sua sakuneebis qristianobis moralis

filosofia moicavs qristianuli da antikuri moralis sinTezis

mcdelobas rac qristiani moazrovnisaTvis ar unda yofiliyo rTuli

saqme ldquoTuki filosofosebi acxadebdnen rom netari cxovreba miiRweva

im adamianebis mier romlebic sakuTar dacemul bunebaze rac SeiZleba

maRla dadgomas cdiloben da yvelaferSi RmerTs baZaven mSvidi

uSfoTveli cxovrebiT rac amqveyniuri siameebisadmi da vnebebisadmi

zurgis Seqcevas niSnavs gana SeiZleboda qristians rame

sawinaaRmdego hqonoda amgvari TvalTaxedvisadmi qristianebi mxolod

am ideebis gaRrmaveba-ganviTarebas moisurvebdnen da filosofiur

sistemaSic imave gzas dasaxavdnen im filosofosebisTvis romlebic

sulis ukvdavebas aRiarebdnen bednieri cxovreba ar Semoifargleboda

mxolod amqveyniuri arsebobiT misi realizeba am cxovrebis Semdgomac

iyo SesaZlebeli ase rom qristianebi da filosofosebi ar

saubrobdnen sxvadasxva enaze garkveuli azriT qristianoba Tavad

warmoadgenda filosofiasrdquo (evansi 2014 11) miuxedavad imisa rom

antikuri filosofiisa da qristianuli kulturisTvis niSandoblivi

eTikuri principebis formaluri gamoxatuleba xSirad Tanxvdeba

gavrcelebuli azriT eTikisTvis axali epoqa iwyeba qristianobis

gariJraJze radganac antikur paganizms ar hqonia RvTisa da samyaros

urTierTobis kacobriobis erTianobisa da moraluri kanonis bunebis

Sesaxeb naTlad da zustad Camoyalibebuli koncefcia Sesabamisad am

da msgavs sakiTxebs pirvelad qristianobam mohfina naTeli

qristianobam moitana axali ideali ndash eTikuri swavlebis centrSi

daayena da upirveles cnebad aqcia siyvaruli da dasaxa axali mizani ndash

moraluri srulyofa adamianis RmerTTan mimsgavsebisTvis ldquoda

Seiyuaro ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa

16

suliTa SeniTa da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa da yovliTa ZaliTa

SeniTa ese ars pirveli mcnebaAacute Seiyuaro moyuasi Seni viTarca Tavi

Tacircsirdquo (mark 12 30-31) ufro metic ldquogiyuarded mterni Tquenni da

akurTxevdiT mwyevarTa TquenTa da keTilsa uyofdiT moZuleTa

TquenTa da ulocevdiT maT romelni gmZlavrobden Tquen da gdevniden

Tquenrdquo (mT 544) radganac Tavad RmerTia siyvaruli ldquoromelsa ara

uyuardes man ara icis RmerTi rameTu RmerTi siyuarulisaAacute arsrdquo (1 in

48) Tumca rogorc pavle mociquli gvaswavlis RmerTma moraluri

kanoni dawera im adamianTa gulebSic ki romlebic qristianuli

gamocxadebis farglebSi ar Tavsdebodnen ldquoromelni gamoaCineben

saqmesa Sjulisasa dawerilsa gulTa Sina maTTa Tana-mowamebiTa

maTda gonebisa maTisaAacuteTa da Soris urTierTas gulis sityuani

Seasmenden anu sityuas ugebdenrdquo (rom 215)

ra aris morali ratom unda iyos adamiani moraluri am kiTxvebze

sistemuri pasuxis gacemas kacobriobis istoriis yvela etapze cdiloben

platonisTvis tradiciuli saTnoebebis (moTmineba simamace

samarTlianoba RvTismosaoba) sargeblianoba damokidebulia imaze Tu

rogor exmarebian isini adamians bednierebis mopovebaSi misi azriT

bedniereba mdgomareobs sulis harmoniaSi saTnoebebi ki am procesSi

SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc amgvari fsiqikuri harmoniis aucilebeli

aspeqti

Aaristotele im varaudis sapirispirod rom moraluri principebi

aris Tandayolili fiqrobs rom moraluri saTnoeba arc Tandayolilia

da arc Teoriuli gansjiTa da swavliT miiRweva is xSiri sistematuri

praqtikiT gamomuSavdeba da gamouyeneblobiT ikargeba (buaZe 2014)

rdquosaTnoebani ar arian warmoSobilni arc bunebrivad da arc bunebis

sawinaaRmdego gziT Cven mas movipovebT da srulvyofT miCveviTrdquo (arist

nikom eTik 1103a)

epikures moZRvrebaSi eTika dafuZnebulia hedonizmze radganac aq

kargi gaigivebulia sasiamovnosTan magram WeSmariti hedonizmi

epikurelebisTvis gonebrivi simSvidea romelic gulisxmobs

crurwmenebis RmerTebis da imqveyniuri cxovrebis SiSis daZlevas

17

stoikosebisTvis eTika kargi cxovrebaa rac miiRweva bunebasTan da mis

kanonebTan harmoniaSi yofniT maTTvis Tavad saTnoebebia adamianuri

cxovrebis erTaderTi mizani maT miaCniaT rom adamians saTno cxovrebis

miRweva yvelanair pirobebSi SeuZlia amitom amqveyniur ldquosikeTeTardquo

mimarT filosofiur gulgrilobas qadageben (peri 2014)

amrigad antikur filosofiaSi adamianis telosi bednierebaa

xolo bedniereba Tavis mxriv ukavSirdeba zneobis moralis Sesabamisad

cxovrebas sainteresoa ras Tvlian moralurad berZeni filosofosebi

da ra aqvs saerTo qristianul morals antikur filosofiaSi

Camoyalibebul eTikur principebTan

amjerad Cvens mizanს ar warmoadgens qristianuli eTikis rogorc

Camoyalibebuli sistemis antikur eTikur sistemasTan zogadi mimarTebis

kvleva SemovifarglebiT ufro konkretuli amocaniT ndash calkeuli

moraluri konceptis (am SemTxvevaSi vercxlismoyvareoba sixarbe

angareba da mflangveloba nayrovaneba gemoTmoyvareoba da

TavSeukavebuloba) antikuri da qristianuli gaazrebisa da maT Soris

msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis warmoCeniT

Kklasikuri periodis udidesi warmomadgenlis platonis Teza

rom suli unda idges sxeulsa da maSasadame yovelive materialurze

maRla gadavida qristianobaSi da Tavi iCina qristian moRvaweTa

naazrevSic (kahani 2009 34) platonis idealuri saxelmwifos mcvels ar

aqvs qoneba ldquomcvelebs arc sakuTari saxl-kari unda hqondeT arc miwa-

wyali da arc sxva ram avladideba isini mosaxleobisgan iReben sursaT-

sanovages TavianTi samsaxuris sanacvlod da erTad moixmaren mas Tuki

surT WeSmariti mcvelebi erqvaTrdquo (plat saxelmw 1913) amdenad SuRli

da dava adamianis mesakuTruli bunebis gamo warsuls bardeba da

materialuri Rirebulebebis tyveobisgan Tavisufali suli mzadaa

Sesamecneblad

rac Seexeba aristoteles misi filosofia deskrifciulia igi

Tanadrouli sazogadoebisTvis tipur eTikur principebs aRwers

bdquosaTnoeba aris Tviseba SeZenili SerCevis safuZvelze igi CvenTvis

3 citatebs platonis saxelmwifodan vuTiTebT baCana bregvaZis Targmanidan

18

Sualedur mdgomareobas warmoadgens Sualedi ki or borotebas Soris

ndash siWarbesa da naklebobas Sorisaaldquo (arist nikom eTik 1107a) amitom

aristoteles eTikis mixedviT idealuria Sualeduri mdgomareoba

siZunwesa da mflangvelobas Soris amgvar adamians bdquoaxasiaTebs gacema

imaze viszec saWiroa miReba imisgan visganac saWiroa da armiReba

imisgan visganac araa saWiroldquo (arist nikom eTik 1120a)

naklebad radikaluri damokidebuleba aqvT materialur

RirebulebebTan mimarTebaSi romael filosofosebs seneka amtkicebs

rom simdidre TavisTavSi ar moicavs borotebas Tumca is SeiZleba iyos

amis mizezic igi ar gamoricxavs saTnoebis mopovebis SesaZleblobas

qonebis daxmarebiTac (De Vita Beata) ciceronis azriTac simdidre

SeiZleba iyos saTnoebis winapiroba Tumca ara aucilebeli (grifini

1976 296)

materialuri Rirebulebebisadmi ebraelTa damokidebuleba Cans

Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi k perotas azriT Raribi daculia RvTisagan

imdenad ramdenadac damqiravebelma droulad da samarTlianad unda

gadauxados gasamrjelo daqiravebuls rac ara marto Raribs icavs

usamarTlobisgan aramed damqiravebelsac zedmeti simdidris

dagrovebisgan (perota 2004 44) Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT materialur

simdidres aqvs maRali faseuloba bibliuri abraami isaaki iakobi

solomoni agroveben qonebas romelic aris RvTiuri nebis niSani Tumca

amavdroulad Zveli aRTqma moiTxovs mdidrisgan Raribis daxmarebas

rac Seexeba axal aRTqmas aq simdidre gaazrebulia

erTmniSvnelovnad negatiur konteqstSi rogorc damabrkolebeli

faqtori RvTis mcnebebis aRsrulebis gzaze ldquoda zrunvani amis

soflisani da sacTuri simdidrisaAacute SeuAtildedis da SeaSTvian sityuaAacute igi

da unayofo iqmnisrdquo (mark 419) ieso gamoricxavs RmerTisa da mamonas

samsaxurs erTdroulad radgan ldquomdidari Zniad Sevides sasufevelsa

caTasa da merme getyAcirc Tquen uadviles ars aqlemi ganslvad Atildeurelsa

nemisisa vidre mdidari Seslvad sasufevelsa caTasardquo (mT 19 23ndash24)

amitom igi kategoriulad mouwodebs morwmuneebs bdquoganyideniT monagebni

19

Tquenni da mieciT qvelis-saqme da yavT Tavisa Tquenisa safase romeli

ara daZueldesldquo (lk 12 33ndash34)

axali aRTqmis es xazi qristianobaSi mogvianebiT patristikuli

literaturiTa da asketuri moRvaweobiT gagrZelda radganac asketuri

moRvaweobis sabasizo saTnoebas axloblebTan ganSorebasTan erTad

yovelgvari materialuris uaryofa warmoadgenda amgvarma tendenciam

moitana samonastro sazogadoebebis Camoyalibeba metic gamoikveTa am

tendenciis kidev ufro mkveTri forma ndash sociumisgan (samonastro

sazogadoebisganac ki) gamdgari martodmyofoba da bunebrivia rom mis

erT-erT fundamentur principad iqca upovareba

Aasketuri moqmedeba iTxovs koncentracias sakuTar Sinagan

samyaroze maqsime aRmsarebeli ambobs bdquonetari goneba ukan moitovebs ra

yovelive (materialurs) dausruleblad tkbeba saRvTo mSvenierebis

(xilviT)ldquo (PG Vol 90 964D) amitomac eklesiis mamebi uaryofdnen kerZo

sakuTrebas da sxvebsac amisken mouwodebdnen netari avgustines azriT

simdidris dagroveba ar aris Rirebuli mizani qristianisTvis imave

azrs imeorebs klimenti aleqsandrieli (granti 2004 49) ioane

sinelisUsaTnoebaTa kibeSi romelic ajamebs ZiriTad qristianul

saTnoebebs calke Tavi eZRvneba vercxlismoyvareobas teqstis avtori

Teologiur sakiTxebSi Rrma gawafulobis garda amJRavnebs adamianis

fsiqologiis safuZvlian codnas amitomac axerxebs Caswvdes ama Tu im

vnebis warmomSobi adamianuri bunebis yvelaze dafarul da Rrma Sreebs

ldquovecxlis-moyvarebaAacute Tayvanis-cemaAacute ars kerpTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 277)

ldquodasawyisi vercxlis-moyvarebisaAacute arn gulis-sityuaAacute mowyalebisaAacute xolo

aRsasruli misi arn siZulili glaxakTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 278)

vercxlismoyvareoba gamoricxavs sulze zrunvas ldquoxolo romeli

ityodis Tu orive maqundeso igi Tavsa TAcircssa acTunebsrdquo (sineli 1965

277)

qristianuli eTikis kidev erTi centraluri principi nayrovanebis

vnebasTan brZolaa saqme isaa rom mankiereba ar aris TviTkmari

radganac yovel vnebas sxva vneba udevs safuZvlad da Tavadac sxva

vnebis Semoqmedia amgvar Sexedulebas adamianis qcevaze xangrZlivi

20

dakvirveba udevs safuZvlad asea gagebuli codvis raoba antikur

filosofiaSic da qristianul saazrovno sivrceSic Pplatoniს azriT

mravalferovani sakvebi aRviraxsnilobis mizezia rac xels uSlis da

azarmacebs mcvels brZolis velze (plat saxelmw 112) amasTanave

mankierebis sxvadasxva gamovlineba miuTiTebs adamianis xasiaTis ama Tu

im sisusteze magaliTad aristotelesTvis nayrovaneba TavSeukaveblobaa

da gasakicxia ndash ldquobunebriv miswrafebaTagan cotaa iseTi romelic

gvacTunebs da isic erT SemTxvevaSi gadaWarbebis dros radgan Wama an

sma imisa rac mogxvdeba sanam mucels ar amoiyorav niSnavs bunebrivi

zomis gadaWarbebas magram Sevseba imisa rac aklia adamians aris

bunebrivi moTxovnileba isini romlebic saWiroze metad iyoraven

mucels Rormucelebi arian aseTebi monuri bunebisa arianldquo (arist

nikom eTik 1118b) igi am sakiTxSic zomierebis momxrea Tvlis ra rom

bdquojanmrTelobas Rupavs zedmeti an naklebi saWmeli da sasmelildquo (arist

nikom eTik 1104a) amgvarad platonic da aristotelec gadaWarbebuli

saWmlis miRebisgan Tavis mozRudvas ormagi funqciiT tvirTaven ndash

zrunva fizikur janmrTelobaze da nayrovanebisgan warmoSobili

mankierebebisgan (rogoricaa siZva mrisxaneba ulmobeloba da aS) Tavis

arideba rac adamianis sulis misi xasiaTis sworad formirebis

winapirobaa

Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT egviptelTa tyveobidan Tavdaxsnil

ebraelebs bdquogulman uTqua gulisTqmaAacute dasxda da tiroda da Zeni

israAgravelisanica maT Tana da ityodes vin mces Cuen Atildeorci da vWamoT

ldquo(ricx 11 4-5) ufalma mouvlina maT xorci bdquoda Atildeorci igi iyoRa pirsa

Sina maTsa da arRa moklebul iyo da ufali ganrisxna ersa mas zeda da

mosra eri igi wylulebiTa didiTa friadldquo (ricx 11 33) klasikuri xanis

moazrovneTa msgavsad Zvel aRTqmaSic nayrovaneba sxva mankierebebis

safuZvlad miiCneva bdquogarna ese usjuloebaAacute sodomisa disa Senisa

ampartavanebaAacute da sisavsiTa purisaAacuteTa da iefobiTa nukveulobda igi da

asulni misnibdquo (ezek 16 49)

am eTikur xazs agrZelebs axali aRTqmac ldquoda vhrqua sulsa Cemsa

sulo gaqus mravali keTili daunjebuli mravalTa welTa ganisuene

21

Wame da su da ixarebd hrqua mas RmerTman ugunuro amas Ramesa migiRon

suli Seni Sengan ege romel moimzade visa iyosrdquo L(lk 1219-20)

nayrovanebasTan brZola SesaZlebelia marxviT romelic kargad

nacnobi praqtikaa aramarto antikuri-berZnuli samyarosTvis (orfeosis

kultis mimdevrebiDdionises kulti piTagorelebi) aramed TiTqmis

yvela religiuri Tu filosofiuri sistemisTvis Tumca qristianuli

marxvis ideas gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvs ndash sakvebisgan Tavis Sekaveba

aris pirvel rigSi gonebisa da sulis ganwmendis saSualeba

gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri iyo nayrovanebasTan marxvis saTnoebiT brZola

samonastro sazogadoebaSi bdquogamaride yovelgvar sacTurs uwminduri

saWmeli rodi maSinebs aramed uwminduri vnebaldquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 46) ndash wers netari avgustine igi nayrovanebasTan brZolis magaliTs

Tavadve iZleva ldquodResdReobiT ki siamovnebad miCans es aucilebloba da

me vebrZvi am sitkboebas (nayrovaneba ndashim) raTa misi tyve ar gavxde esaa

yoveldRiuri brZola marxulobiTa da bdquoxorcis daTrgunviTldquo (net

avgust aRs X XXXI 43) qristianuli asketizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

iyo rogorc eqstremalurad radikaluri meTodebiT brZola ama Tu im

vnebis dasamarcxeblad ise zomiereba am brZolaSi netari

avgustinesTvis sakvebis zomieri miRebaa nayrovanebasTan brZolis

yvelaze gonivruli forma bdquopirs ise unda amosdo lagami rom arc

Zalumad movzidoT da arc sul mivuSvaT sadaverdquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 47) am xazs agrZelebs ioane damaskeliც igi aucileblad miiCnevs

bunebiseul da aucilebel sxeulebriv moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas

imisTvis rom sxeulma ar dakargos sasicocxlo Zalebi radganac RvTis

mcnebebis aRsrulebas sulierTan erTad sWirdeba fizikuri Zalisxmevac

bdquosxeuliseul siamovnebaTagan nawili aris erToblivad bunebiseulic da

aucilebeliac romlebis gareSe SeuZlebelia sicocxle rogorebicaa

magaliTad sinaklulis Semavsebeli saWmeli da aucilebeli samosirdquo

(ioan damask gard 2000 364) Tumca zomiereba ioane damaskelis azriTac

gadamwyveti faqtoria sulieri harmoniis SesanarCuneblad bdquonawili

(siamovnebebi ndash im) arc aucilebelia da arc bunebiseuli rogorc

magaliTad simTvrale avxorcoba da nayrovaneba arc ametebs saWiroebas

22

radgan isini arc Cveni sicocxlis ganmtkicebas emsaxurebian da arc

modgmis memkvidreobiTobas aramed piriqiT zians gvayenebenldquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 364) nayrovaneba safuZveli SeiZleba iyos

TavSeukaveblobis rac Tavis mxriv azianebs sxeuls ryvnis suls da

abnelebs gonebas amis sapirispirod bdquomarxva kurnavs sulier Wrilobebs

da aaxlebs codviT gaxrwnil suls igi ganamtkicebs gonebas

Stagvagonebs RvTis SiSs anadgurebs vnebebs aTvinierebs zraxvebs rdquo

(ioan oqrop marxv 1991)

nayrovanebis vnebaze msjelobas ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibiT

davasruleb ldquomTavari eSmakTaAacute ars zeciT gardamovrdomili igi mTiebi

da mTavar vnebaTa ars simaZRre muclisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 233) rogorc

vxedavT ioane sineli Tavisi winamorbedebis msgavsad miiCnevs rom

gadametebuli ZRoma safuZvels udebs yvelanair codvas da

gansakuTrebiT aRvivebs vnebebs ldquosimaZRre WamadTaAacute mamaAacute ars siZvisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 225) igia saTave yovelgvari mankierebis ldquopirmSoAacute Cemi ars

siZvaAacute da Semdgomad misa ndash sificxe gulisaAacute da mesameAacute ars Zili da

merme ndash zRuaAacute gulis-sityuaTaAacute da Relvani Seginebisani da ufskruli

gamouTqumelTa da miuTxrobelTa arawmidebaTaAacute Cemgan gamovals asulni

Cemni arian mconarebaAacute mraval-metyuelebaAacute kadnierebaAacute da gancxromaAacute

sicili cilobaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 236) is rac gaxda mizezi ldquodacemasa mas

adamissa warwymedasa esavissa momsrvelsa israeAgravelTasa noes

Seuracxebasa gomornelTa damwuvelsa loTis bralobasardquo (sineli 1965

235) ioane sinelisTvis nayrovanebasTan brZolis saukeTeso gza

zomierebaa da Tanmimdevrulobaa

zemoT warmodgenili masala naTelyofs rom nayrovanebis vnebis

antikuri filosofiuri da Sua saukuneebis qristianuli gaazreba

Zalzed msgavsia

amrigad morali zneoba universaluri kategoriaa ara romelime

erTi religiis an kulturis monapovari aramed kacobriobis mdidari

sulieri gamocdilebis nayofi qristianulma msoflmxedvelobam

memkvidreobad miiRo antikur kulturaSi Camoyalibebuli da Teoriulad

kargad gaazrebuli moralur-eTikuri principebi romelmac axali

msoflmxedvelobis wiaRSi garkveuli transformacia ganicada amasTan

23

qristiani mamebi ara marto amCnevdnen aramed miuTiTebdnen kidec

antikuri tradiciis gangrZobadobaze da mas RvTis arsis absolutur

sikeTed gaazrebis konteqstSi ganixilavdnen bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi

bunebasa Sina Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa

dambadebeli ars RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier

Cuen Soris rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca

warmarTnica swyaloben kacsaldquo (sineli 1965 394) es siaxlove

gansakuTrebiT maSinaa mosalodneli roca axali msoflmxedveloba

yalibdeba iseTi Zlieri kulturis wiaRSi rogoricaa antikuri

berZnuli civilizacia amdenad qristianuli teqstis kvleva

aucileblad moiTxovs antikuri berZnuli tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebas

ramdenadac vfiqrobT es aris uwyveti erTiani saazrovno procesi

24

amp 2 saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis sakiTxi

saTnoebaTa kibis teqstze darTul werilSi ioane raiTeli ioane

sinels sTxovs rom asketur gzaze Semdgar moRvaweTaTvis Tavis

mravalferovan praqtikul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT aRweros

sulisTvis margebeli rCevebi marTlac 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi asketur

RvawlSi myofi ioane sineli saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnisas xelmZRvanelobs

sakuTari praqtikuli gamocdilebiT magram ioane sinelis Sroma aris

avtoris samonastro cxovrebis mdidari gamocdilebisa da winare

tradiciis erTgvari sinTezi (ueari 1982 59) Sua saukuneebis

Teologiur-filosofiur literaturaSi ioane sinelis Rrma

ganswavlulobaze metyvelebs erTi mxriv zedwodeba ndash ldquosqolastikosirdquo

xolo meore mxriv TxzulebaSi gamoyenebuli mravalferovani wyaroebi

saTnoebaTa kibis zogierT wyaroze teqstSive gvxvdeba miniSneba xolo

sxva danarCeni gamovlenilia specialuri samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad

winamdebare paragrafi imdenad aris mniSvnelovani qarTuli

filologiisTvis ramdenadac cxadia rom saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT

Sua saukuneebis qarTveli mkiTxveli ecnoba ara mxolod asketur-

mistikuri Janris brwyinvale Zegls aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac

romelsac Txzuleba emyareba

mkvlevar andrei kordoCkins SeniSnuli aqvs rom Cveulebriv

klasikuri wyaroebis gamoyenebisas ioane sineli ase miuTiTebs bdquoΚαigrave θαῦμα

ὄντως πῶς καί Ἑλληνές τι τοιοῦτον ἐφθέγξαντο ἐπεigrave καigrave φιλοσοφίαν τοῦτο εἶναι ὁρίζονται

μελέτην θανάτουldquo (PG Vol 88 797 C) ldquosakAcircrvel ars viTar warmarTaca esreT

sTnda ese vidreRa Tques viTarmed sibrZne AtildesenebaAacute ars sikudilisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 161) ldquoda sakAcircrvel namdAcirclve viTar da ellinTaca eseviTari

raAacuteme aRmoTques vinaAacuteTgan da filosofosobadca amas gansazRvreben

yofad wurTasa sikudilisasardquo (A-39 63v)4 mkvlevris azriT ioane sinelis

zemoTmoyvanili azris wyaroa cnobili pasaJi platonis fedonidan (Pl

Phaed 67e) magram uSvebs SesaZleblobas rom sineli sxva qristiani

4 adgilebs petre gelaTelis Targmanidan am da sxva SemTxvevebSic vimowmebT prof m cincaZis mier kritikulad dadgenili teqstidan (A-39 H-1669) romelic mzaddeba gamosacemad

25

avtorebis klimenti aleqsandrielis (Strom 5 11 67) evsevi kesarielis

(Praep Evangel 11 27 18) grigol nazianzelis (Or 277) evagres (Pract 52)

kirile skviTopolelis (Vita Cyriaci 230) Sromebidan icnobdes platons da

ara uSualod (kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

saTnoebaTa kibe upirveles yovlisa religiuri teqstia da

bunebrivia rom igi gajerebulia citatebiT (masSi xandaxan mTeli

pasaJebia moyvanili) Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebidan qarTuli

TargmanebSi gamoyenebuli bibliuri citatebis wyaros sakiTxi calke

kvlevis sagania aq aRvniSnavT rom prof m cincaZis dakvirvebiT eqvTime

aToneli bibliuri citatebis gamoyenebisas zog SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba

bibliis teqstis qarTul redaqciebs zogjer ki pirdapir sinelis

teqsts Targmnis fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadad

gamoyenebulia a redaqcia (SaniZe 1960) (cincaZe 1965 100-105) rac Seexeba

petre gelaTelis Targmans iv lolaSvilis dakvirvebiT saTnoebaTa

kibis petre gelaTeliseul TargmanSi bibliuri teqstebi damowmebulia

ara giorgi mTawmindelis aramed ioane WimWimelis redaqciidan (petriwi

1968 30) amis sapirispirod prof m cincaZe (Sesabamis faqtobrivi

masalis damowmebiT) Tvlis rom petre gelaTeli bibliur citatebs

misTvis Cveuli akribiiT uSualod berZnuli teqstidan Targmnis xolo

fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad qarTul g redaqcias (SaniZe

1960) misdevs (cincaZe 1965 100-105)

saTnoebaTa kibeSi gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans Sua saukuneebis

Teologiis Cinebuli codna rogorc aRvniSneT ioane sineli xSirad

Tavadve miuTiTebs wyaroebze ndash avtoritetul qristian avtorebze

origeneze evagre pontoelze igi origenes kicxavs im cnobili

koncefciisTvis (apokatastasisi) romlis mixedviTac saboloo xsna

gadarCena uklebliv yvelasTvis aris SesaZlebeli (PG Vol 88 865A)

ldquovekrZalneT yovelni da ufroAacutes xolo dacemulni rameTu ara

daemkAcircdros gulTa CuenTa uRmrToAacutesa origenes seni rameTu RmrTisa

kacT-moyuarebasa wina-hyofs bilwi igi da Asesawynarebel iqmnebis gemoAacutes-

moyuareTa da udebTa mierrdquo (sineli 1965 151) evagre pontoeli origenes

Tanamoazrea maTi swavleba dagmo 553 wlis msoflio krebam ioane sineli

akritikebs evagre pontoels ukideresi askezisaken mowodebisTvis

26

ldquohgonebda ubadruki da sawyalobeli evagre viTarmed ubrZnes brZenTasa

ars sityAcircTa da gulisAtildemis-yofiTa aramed scTa ugulisAtildemoAacute igi da

ugunurTa uugunures ipova mravalTa zeda saqmeTa da erTad amas zeda

rameTu ityAcircs viTarmed raJams mravalTa sanovageTa mimarT suridis

sulsa Cuensa maSin SevaiwroT igi puriTaca da wyliTa xolo ese msgavs

ars viTarmca vin hrqua mciresa yrmasa viTarmed ldquoerTiTa nabijiTa

aRAtildeed Tavsa kibisasardquo (sineli 1965 227) saTnoebaTa kibis es polemikuri

paTosi logikuria radganac sul raRac erTi saukune Tu iqneba gasuli

553 wlis msoflio krebis Semdeg romelzec dagmes origenesa da evagre

pontoelis swavlebebi miuxedavad amisa sakiTxi jer isev aqtualuria

radgan aleqsandriuli skolis am ori didi warmomadgenlis

Teologiuri swavlebebi sakmaod Zlier gavlenas axdens ara marto maT

Tanamedrove aramed momdevno epoqis qristian moazrovneebzec

safiqrebelia rom swored maTi popularobidan gamomdinare ioane

sineli romelic aseve iyo Tavisi drois uaRresad avtoritetuli

moRvawe upirispirdeba origenesa da evagres swavlebebs ioane sinelis

Sromis polemikur xasiaTze miuTiTebs berZnul xelnawerSi daculi

teqstis erT-erTi saTauric sityva origenes winaaRmdeg (Λόγος κατά

Οριγένους) Tumca am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT samecniero literaturaSi

azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa magaliTad bogdanoviCi fiqrobs rom ldquogonieri

locvisrdquo ioane sineliseuli koncefcia rogorc RvTis wvdomis

erTaderTi saSualeba warmodgenilia evagre pontoelis romelic Tavis

mxriv ganicdida origenes did gavlenas naazrevSi (bogdanoviCi 1978 151)

an kidev miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli evagresa da origenes

misamarTiT polemikur mimarTvebs ar iSurebs is mainc ldquoevagristiardquo (beki

1959 353-354) igi evagres kvaldakval iyenebs evagreseul termins ldquoλογισμόςrdquo

ldquovnebisrdquo mniSvnelobiT (bogdanoviCi 1968 154)

meore mxriv rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT ioane sineli sxvadasxva

mizniT xSirad imowmebs avtoritetul saeklesio moRvaweebs (PG Vol 88

717B) ioane kasianes ndash ldquomorCilebisagan simdable viTarca vTquT da

simdablisagan gankiTxvaAacute viTarca Tqua didman kasiane gankiTxvisa Tavsa

Sinardquo (sineli 1965 111) grigol nazianzelს (PG Vol 88 949A) ndash

27

ldquoromelnime ityAcircan viTarmed cudad-mzuaobrebaAacute da ampartavnebaAacute

ganyofilni arian urTierTas amisTAcircs rvad saxel-sdeben TavTa maT

vnebaTahellip xolo RmrTis-metyueli grigoli da sxuani mravalni kualad

SAcircdad ityAcircan vnebaTa maTrdquo (sineli 1965 301) (PG Vol 88 1064A)

bdquodabadebulni yovelnive ukueTu viTar daibadnes masve bunebasa zeda

arian viTar me xati var RmrTisaAacute da TiAtildeasa amas Tana aRreul var ndash

viTarca ityAcircs didi grigoli RmrTis-metyuelildquo (sineli 1965 420) efrem

asurs (PG Vol 88 1148D) ldquovin moigo amas sawuTrosa pirvel mermisa mis

saukunoAacutesa uvnebelobaAacute da sisrule eseviTari viTar asurman manrdquo

qarTuli Targmanis aSiaze dakonkretebulia ldquomamasa efrems ityAcircsrdquo

(sineli 1965 504)

rogorc Aandrei kordoCkini miuTiTebs ioane sineli aseve

sargeblobs apofTegmebiT ldquonu daiviwyeb yovelTa dReTa cxorebisa

SenisaTa moRuawesa mas didsa romelsa aTvrametsa welsa ara esma

moZRurisagan AtildeorcieliTa sasmeneliTa Tu cxovndi xolo SinaganTa maT

yurTa maradRe esmoda uflisagan araTu cxondi rameTu ese sityuaAacute ars

locvisa da ucnauri aramed esreT esmoda viTarmed scxondi romeli ese

ganCinebuli ars da mtkiceAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 111 PG Vol 88 717C Sdr alph John

the Theban) ldquoyovladve aravisTAcircs jer-ars raAacuteTamca locvasa Sina saqmesa

iqmoda rameTu ese keTilad guaswava angelozman man romeli netarisa

antonisa moida rameTu iqmn AtildeelT-saqmarsa da merme aRdis locvadrdquo

(sineli 1965 291 PG Vol 88 937D Sdr alph Anthony 1) bdquoicis Tqmuli ese man

romeli pirvel kanjarTa ubrZanebda da erCdes mas xolo ukunaAacutesknel

sulTa ganmrxwnelTa maT kanjarTa mier eSmakTa damorCilebuli da

mokicxul iqmna da romel-igi zecisa puriTa izardeboda xolo

ukuanaAacutesknel keTilisa misgan gamoeAtildeua da sakAcircrveli ese ars romel

Semdgomad sinanulad moslvisa misisa ityoda mwuxarebiT da simwariT

winamZRuari Cueni antoni viTarmed ndash didi sueti daecao xolo saxe

dacemisa misisaAacute dafara yovlad brZenman man rameTu icoda viTarmed-

siZvaAacute iyo AtildeorciTa da Tacircnier sxAcircsa AtildeorcTa Sexebisaldquo (sineli 1965 248

PG Vol 88 885C Sdr alph Anthony 14) ldquosaxed locvisa gaqundin qurivi igi

Wirveuli mosajulisagan misisa xolo saxe dayudebisa ars didi igi da

28

angelozTa swori dayudebuli arsenirdquo (sineli 1965 474 PG Vol 88 1112D

Sdr alph Arsenius 7 2544) teqstis qarTveli mTargmnelebi rogorc ukve

vnaxeT zog SemTxvevaSi roca amis saWiroebas xedaven metateqstis

saSualebiT azusteben informacias5 ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena megAcircptelman man

romelman Tqua viTarmed ara meSinis uflisaganrdquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol

88 1148D Sdr alph Anthony 32) aSiaze miweril SeniSvnaSi ndash ldquomamasa antonis

ityAcircsrdquo igulisxmeba anton didi rogorc anton kaTalikosi azustebs

Tavis redaqciaSi SeniSvnis saxiT an kidev ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena

romelman-igi iloca raAacuteTamca miiqces vnebani misdave da hbrZodes masrdquo

aSiaze minaweri ldquoiovanes ityAcircs moklesardquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol 88 1148D

Sdr Alph John the Dwarf 13) ldquoesreT iyo romelman ndash igi puri da yveli

Atildeelad miiRo (zogierT nusxaSi aRniSnul sityvas axlavs SeniSvna

ldquoserapionrdquo ndash m c ndash miTiTeba amba serapionze ndash i m) da dajda karTa zeda

TAcircsTa gardarTxmiT Zelsa zeda da aCuena man eseviTari simdable da

kualad sxuaman man muSakman siwmidisaman romelman samoseli TAcircsi

aRiZarcua da vidoda uvnebelad qalaqsa Sinardquo (sineli 1965 360 PG Vol 88

997C Sdr Historia Lausiaca 3716) ndash paladi helenepoleli ndash lavsaikoni

(kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

sxva pirdapiri miniSneba uSualo wyaroebze teqstSi ar gvxvdeba

amitom maTi gamovlena aris erT-erTi principuli sakiTxi saTnoebaTa

kibis kvlevis procesSi da amdenad igi sagangebo Seswavlis sagnad iqca

kerZod kalistos ueari swavlobda markoz monazonis Sromebis gavlenas

ioane sinelis teqstze (sakiTxi Seswavlilia sadisertacio naSromis

farglebSi romelic samwuxarod ar aris gamoqveynebuli) (ueari 1965 458-

459) folkeri amtkicebs rom ipova asamde msgavsi pasaJi saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstsa da Razeli mamebis barsanofes ioane Razelis da doreTe

Razelis Sromebs Soris (folkeri 1968 V7) d bogdanoviCi amba isaias

gavlenas xedavs (bogdanoviCi 1968 156-157) saTnoebaTa kibis Semdeg

pasaJSi ldquoviTarca SeuZlebel ars erTiTa TualiTa zecad xedvad da

meoriTa queyanad egreTve SeuZlebel ars Tumca ara evno sulsa romeli

5 SesaZloa ioane sineli imowmebdes im periodis qarTuli saazrovno sivrcisTvis naklebad cnobil moRvawes azrs an naklebad cnobil biografiul detals misi cxovrebidan

29

ara ucxo iqmnes srulad TacircsTagan gonebiTa anu Atildeorcieladrdquo (sineli 1965

51 PG Vol 88 668D Sdr Abba Isaiah Ascet151) (kordoCkini 2003 22) imave

bogdanoviCis azriT urisxvelobis morCilebisa da sulieri winamZRvris

mniSvnelobaze msjelobisas saTnoebaTa kibeSi igrZnoba amba barsanufis

gavlena (bogdanoviCi 1968 156) saTnoebaTa kibeSi bevri pirdapiri citata

da fraza gvxvdeba nilos sinelis Sromebidanac (buxvaldi 1982 400) aseve

saubroben ioane sinelis Sromaze ioane mosxis cnobili Txzulebis

limonaris gavlenazec es gavlena gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba 26-e sityvaSi

gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) (proxorovi 1985

254)

cnobilia rom Sua saukuneebis teqstis wyaroebis kvlevas

arTulebs medievisturi msoflmxedvelobis monoliTuroba xSir

SemTxvevaSi rTulia imis dadgena uSualo gavlenasTan gvaqvs saqme Tu

saerTო tradiciasTan (kordoCkini 2003 21-22) amdenad epoqis specifikidan

gamomdinare (Temebis interesebis tradiciebis msoflmxedvelobis

mTlianoba) rTulia sasuliero xasiaTis teqstis wyaroebis zusti

identifikacia samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad gamovlenil saTnoebaTa

kibis zemoT miTiTebuli wyaroebis garda yuradRebas SevaCerebT kidev

or Cveni azriT sainterso monakveTze romelsac SesaZloa safuZvlad

edos ioane sinelis epoqisTvis kargad cnobili da popularuli

antikuri da neoplatonuri koncefciebi cxadia am SemTxvevaSic

saorWofoa saubari imaze sargeblobs Tu ara sineli uSualod

pirvelwyarodan dasaSvebia Sualeduri teqstis arseboba reminiscencia

an tipologiuri msgavseba magram arc is aris gamoricxuli rom saqme

gvqondes uSualo gavlenasTan miT umetes rom ioane sineli Rrmad

ganaTlebuli saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiur sakiTxebSi kargad

Caxeduli mweralia

saTnoebaTa kibis 26-e safexurSi gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-

yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) vkiTxulobT ldquoraJams orni borotni moiwivnen

jer-ars udaresisa gamorCevaAacute viTar-igi vdgiT raAacute locvasa Sina da

movidis ZmaAacute vinme da erTisa orTaganisa qmnaAacute Tana-guedvis anu datevebaAacute

locvisaAacute anu ara xilvaAacute Zmisa mis da SewuxebaAacute misi maSin ukue

30

gulisAtildema-vyoT viTarmed uaRres da uzeSTaes ars siyuaruli locvisasa

rameTu locvaAacute TaviT TacircsiT oden erTi saTnoebaAacute ars xolo siyuaruli

Semkrebeli ars yovelTa saTnoebaTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 396) ori borotebidan

naklebi borotebis arCeva momdinareobs cnobili miTologemidan

ldquoscilasa da qaribdas Sorisrdquo gavla romelic ukavSirdeba odisevsis

mogzaurobas odisevsi irCevs scilasTan axlos gavlas rogorc ori

borotebidan ufro naklebs man am arCevanis gamo dakarga eqvsi

Tanamgzavri Tumca xomaldi gadaarCina daRupvas rac qaribdasTan

axlos gavlis SemTxvevaSi emuqreboda es azri aqtiurad cirkulirebs

antikur filosofiaSic kerZod dialogSi protagora platoni ambobs

rom Tuki adamians aqvs arCevani or borotebas Soris igi ar airCevs

ufro did borotebas roca aris naklebi borotebis arCevis saSualeba

ἔστι τοῦτο ὡς ἔοικεν ἐν ἀνθρώπου φύσει ἐπὶ ἃ οἴεται κακὰ εἶναι ἐθέλειν ἰέναι ἀντὶ τῶν

ἀγαθῶν ὅταν τε ἀναγκασθῇ δυοῖν κακοῖν τὸ ἕτερον αἱρεῖσθαι οὐδεὶς τὸ μεῖζον αἱρήσεται ἐξὸν

τὸ ἔλαττον (Plat Prot 358cd) es azri aristotelesTanac gaielvebs erTgan

Tumca ara ise mkveTrad rogorc platonisa da ioane sinelis teqstebSi

miuxedavad imisa rom aristotele nikomaqes eTikaSi dasaSvebad miiCnevs

saSuals or ukiduresobas Soris romelTac igi borotebad ganixilavs

filosofosi ganmartavs rom amgvari saSualis migneba adamianisTvis did

siZnelesTan aris dakavSirebuli amitom ldquovinc Suisken iswrafvis is

pirvel yovlisa rac SeiZleba metad unda daSordes kidur mxareebs

rogorc kalifsoc gvirCevs ldquomoaride gemi qafsa da talRasrdquo

mopirdapire mxareebidan erTi ufro metad aris mcdari meore ndash

naklebad SuaSi moxvedra ki Zalian Znelia amitom ambobs is rom meored

curvisas unda SearCio naklebad cudi gzardquo (arist nikom eTik 1109a) es

konceptualuri xazi grZeldeba vefxistyaosanSic vgulisxmob sasiZos

mokvlis epizods romelic swored aristoteles koncefciis WrilSi

aqvs gaanalizebuli profesor elguja xinTibiZes (xinTibiZe 2009 409-410)

aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom aristoteles saSualze msjelobisas

mkvlevari imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciidan

Semdeg originalur strofebs

ldquoumankosa hrwamn yovelive simSvidiT

moiTmens igi satkivarsa yovelsa

31

moyusisa mimarT tkbil ars da saxierca

mdabal da maRal saSualsa zeda myof (238)

romelman Zalni gonierad keTilad

sazomsa zeda ipyrnes saSualobiT

ar midrkebodes marjul gina marcxeniT

aras ivnebdes moRuawe moiTmendes

mas ewodebis uvnebel sakuTrebiT (287)rdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saTnoebaTa kibis qarTvel avtors eTikur

saTnoebebze msjelobisas yoveli saTnoebis umaRles kategoriad swored

ldquosaSualirdquo miaCnia (citirebuli konteqstis berZnuli teqstis Sesabamis

adgilebSi ldquosaSualzerdquo saubari ar Cans) (xinTibiZe 2009 394) SesaZloa

zemoT citirebul strofebs prozauli Targmanis Sesabamis TavSi

uSualo wyaro ar eZebnebodes magram Sua saukuneebis es cnobili

koncefcia ioane sinelis teqstisTvis aSkarad nacnobia miT ufro rom

aRniSnuli Teza popularulia Sua saukuneebisa da Semdegi periodis

filosofiaSic (Toma aqvineli da misi mimdevrebi imanuel kanti da sxva)

zemoT warmodgenili Sexeduleba ioane sinels gamoarCevs

rogorc erT-erT yvelaze liberal qristian avtors Tumca am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxva mosazrebebic magaliTad j meiendorfi

fiqrobs rom ioane sineli moiTxovs asketizmis eqtremalur formas

Tavisi mkiTxvelisgan rac aSkarad miuTiTebs origenistul

spiritualizmze (meiendorfi 1974 70) mkiTxvelTa da mkvlevarTa

gansakuTrebul gaocebas iwveves saTnoebaTa kibis mexuTe Tavi sadac

ioane sineli aRwers gansakuTrebuli savanis dilegis momnanie mkvidrTa

yofas (PG vol 88 772AB) ldquome vixilen Zmano maT Tana muvAtildelni

dakanebulni simravlisagan muAtildelT-drekisa da Tualni maTni Semwuar

iyvnes cremlTa da siRrmed mTasrul iyvnes da Tmani maTni daefxurnes

da Rawuni maTni daebZarnes da moewylnes simravlesa mAtildeurvaleTa maT

cremlTasa da pirni maTni damdnar iyvnes da dayAcircTlebul araraAacuteTa

ganyofil iyvnes mkudarTagan da mkerdni maTni moewylnes cemiTa da

sisxlsa mtknarsa warmohyrides zedaAacuteszeda cemiTa mkerdTaAacutesardquo (sineli

1965 136) mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini teqstis am monakveTis Sesaxeb

ambobs ndash Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis saTnoebaTa kibis pasaJebi momnanie

32

berebis cxovrebidan SeiZleba ufro gavdes sakoncentracio banaks

vidre qristianul institucias Tumca iqve svams kiTxvas ndash ratom rTavs

sineli am pasaJebs teqstSi igi aranair miniSnebas ar gvaZlevs imis

Sesaxeb rom Tavis mkiTxvels mouwodebdes amgvari sinanulisken

(kordoCkini 2003 52) mkvlevari marTebulad SeniSnavs rom ioane sineli

monanulTa savanis mkvidrTa cxovrebas aRwers ara rogorc asketuri

cxovrebis idealur formas aramed rogorc ukompromiso siyvarulis

magaliTs es epizodi deskripciulia avtori ki ar Txzavs aramed

mogviTxrobs imas rac naxa da ramac gaaoca miT umetes moulodnelia

ioane sinelisgan asketizmis eqstremaluri formebis qadageba maSin roca

teqstis sxva nawilebSi igi gamoirCeva liberaluri damokidebulebiT

sxvadasxva principuli sakiTxisadmi ioane sinelis liberaluri

Sexedulebebis sailustraciod mravali magaliTis moxmobac SeiZleba

maT Soris erT-erT TvalsaCino msjelobas warmoadgens tyuilisadmi

miZRvnili Tavidan Semdegi monakveTi ldquoviTarca yovelTa vnebaTa zeda

ganyofilebani arian sasjelTani egreTve tyuilisaTAcircs rameTu sxuaAacute

sasjeli ars misi romelman SiSsaTAcircs tanjAcircsa tyua da sxua ars misi

romelman Tacircnier Wirisa raAacutesame qmna igi uSiSoebiTa RmrTisaAacuteTa sxuaman

tyua sazrdelisaTAcircs da sxuaman gemoTmoyuarebisaTAcircs da sxuaman raAacuteTa

mis Tana myofTa sicili moatyuas da sxuaman ndash raAacuteTa Zmasa Tacircssa boroti

uyosrdquo (sineli 1965 218) ioane sinels miaCnia rom RvTiuri kanonebis

darRvevisTvis sasjelis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba amgvari

qcevis mizezebi

CemTvis saintereso meore epizodi ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis

imave 26-e safexurSi gvxvdeba bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi bunebasa Sina

Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa dambadebeli ars

RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier Cuen Soris

rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca warmarTnica

swyaloben kacsa da siyuaruli bunebiTi ars rameTu pirutyunica

mwuxare iqmnebian urTierTas ganSorebisaTAcircsldquo (sineli 1965 394)

citirebuli pasaJi gvTavazobs cnobil neoplatonur koncefcias imis

Sesaxeb rom boroteba RmerTisgan ar momdinareobs Sesabamisad igi

adamianuri bunebisTvis araorganulia RvTisgan Seqmnili yvela arseba

33

dasabamidanve sikeTesTan aris naziarebi swored amitom warmarTebic ki

swyalobdnen adamianebs radgan sikeTe siyvaruli mowyaleba adamianis

arsisTvis ufro bunebrivia es Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi popularuli

Teologiuri debuleba romelic konceftualurad daamuSava fsevdo

dionise areopagelma erTi ZiriTadi Tezaa SoTa rusTavelis

vefxistyaosnis bdquoRmerTi kargsa moavlinebs av-borotsa ar dahbadebsrdquo

(str 1491)6 iv lolaSvili ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

originalur nawilze dayrdnobiT msjelobs ioane petriwis

msoflmxedvelobisa (prokle diadoxosis kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTnis

Targmanze darTuli komentarebis mixedviT) da saTnoebaTa kibeSi

asaxuli filosofiuri koncefciebis msgavsebaze mkvlevari imowmebs

saTnoebaTa kibis originaluri nawilidan azrs romelic ldquoSezavebulia

areopagituli TeoriiT keTilisa da borotis Sesaxebrdquo ndash erTi (RmerTi)

aris keTiloba yvelafris mizezi yvelafris dasabami da warmomSobi

(lolaSvili 1968 139-140)

ldquogonebisagan sityua iSobebis da

xolo amisi dasabami keTil ars

vinaAacuteTgan sxuaTa cxovelebrivTa sulTa

ZalTa yovelTa zeda-mdgom ars da uZRvis

keTilisadmi marTebs da ganawesebsrdquo (str 1057)

citirebul strofSi araferia naTqvami iseTi rac organuli ar

aris ioane sinelis msoflmxedvelobisTvis amis sailustraciod ioane

sinelis teqstidan bevri adgilis damowmebaa SesaZlebeli erT maTganze

zemoT ukve visaubreT xolo aq msjelobas davasruleb saTnoebaTa kibis

pirvelive Tavis dasawyisiT ris gamoc ioane sineli zogierT mecniers

miuxedavad origenes araerTgzis pirdapiri kritikisa misi moZRvrebis

(apokaTastasisis) gamziarebladac ki miaCnia (kordoCkini 2003 27)

ldquoyovelTa romelTa enebos da eZiebden RmerTsa epoebis maT rameTu igi

ars yovelTa RmerTi da yovelTa cxorebaAacute urwmunoTa da morwmuneTaAacute

marTalTaAacute da codvilTaAacute uvnebelTa da vnebulTaAacute RmrTis-msaxurTaAacute da

6 adgilebs vefxistyaosnidan disertaciis am da sxva nawilSic vimowmebT ak SaniZis 1966 wlis gamocmidan 7 citatebs vimowmbT iv lolaSvilis mier gamocemuli teqstidan (petriwi 1968)

34

usjuloTaAacute erisaganTaAacute da monazonTaAacute brZenTaAacute da uswavlelTaAacute

mrTelTaAacute da uZlurTaAacute WabukTa da moxucebulTaAacute viTarca sivrc

naTlisaAacute da xilvaAacute mzisaAacute da bunebaAacute haerisaAacute yovelTa zeda ars

egreTve igi ars yovelTa cxorebaAacute da amis yovlisa momcemeli da

romelnica eZiebden epoebis maT rameTu ara arc SecvalebaAacute arca

TualT-RebaAacute mis Tana arca winaSe RmrTisardquo (sineli 1965 20)

amrigad ioane sineli uaRresad ganaTlebuli RvTismetyvelia

romelic kargad icnobs Tavisi epoqisTvis aqtualur filosofiur da

Teologiur koncefciebs teqstSi patristikuli literaturisa da

bibliis gverdiT Cans antikuri filosofiis codnac amdenad klemaqsis

TargmniT qarTul saazrovno sivrceSi Semodis aramarto epoqis

umniSvnelovanesi Zegli aramed masSi gamoyenebuli mniSvnelovani

medievaluri wyaroebic

35

amp 3 saTnoebaTa kibis gavlena momdevno epoqis literaturaze

saTnoebaTa kibem didi gavlena moaxdina mTels Semdegdroindel

bizantiur kulturaze evropul samecniero literaturaSi

argumentirebuli kvlevebiT dadgenilia rom ioane sinelis teqstis

uSualo gavlenas ganicdis Sua saukunis araerTi cnobili mwerali Tu

moazrovne kerZod isixi sineli ndash ioane sinelis erT-erTi pirveli

mowafe sinas mTis iRumeni romelic araerTgzis sityvasityviT moixmobs

citatebs saTnoebaTa kibidan (beki 1959 164-165) filoTeos sineli

romelic aseve xSirad mimarTavs saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts anastasi

sineli Tavis mTavar SromaSi kiTxva-migebaAacute araerTgzis iyenebs

saTnoebaTa kibes da kibis simbolosac (bogdanoviCi 1968 159-160)

saTnoebaTa kibe popularuli iyo studiis samonastro wreSic cnobili

moRvawe Teodore studieli erT-erT locvaSi ioane sinels moixseniebs

rogorc ldquobrZen mamasrdquo (bogdanoviCi 1968 160) pirdapiri gavlena moaxdina

saTnoebaTa kibem gansakuTrebiT ki 27-e sityvam dayudebisaTAcircs da

ganSorebisa da dacvisaTAcircs gonebisa (Περί ησυχίας) svimeon axal

RvTismetyvelze (beki 1959 585) romelic misi biografis nikita

stiTatis gadmocemiT jer isev siyrmeSi studiis monasterSi

misvlisTanave gaecno ioane sinelis Txzulebas xolo mis SromebSi

bibliis Semdeg yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba citatebi saTnoebaTa kibidan

(folkeri 1968 315-327) saTnoebaTa kibis didi gavlena igrZnoba aseve

bizantiuri himnografiis cnobil Zeglze andria kritelis did kanonze

(proxorovi 1985 256)

saTnoebaTa kibis kvali Cans SedarebiT gviandeli (XIV s) epoqis

gamorCeuli moRvaweebis grigol sinelisa da grigol palamas (XIII-XIV

ss) TxzulebebSic grigol sinels Tavadac Seudgenia teqsti romelsac

safexureobrivi struqtura hqonda xolo grigol palama gansakuTrebiT

xSirad imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibes (bogdanoviCi 1968 168-172)

sasuliero literaturis garda rusi literaturaTmcodneebi

saTnoebaTa kibis kvals xedaven XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis Teodor

dostoevskisa da nikoloz gogolis SemoqmedebaSi cnobilia rom

36

dostoevskis Tan dahqonda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti da iwerda misTvis

saintereso adgilebs am gavlenis kvali yvelaze TvalsaCinoa romanSi

Zmebi karamazovebi gogolis Sinelis mTavari personaJis akakis

prototipad ki swored saTnoebaTa kibis აmave saxelis mqone personaJi

akaki miaCniaT (Кордочкин 2011)

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna Sua saukuneebis teqstSi wyarosa da

gavlenis dadgena Tuki nawarmoebSive ar gvaqvs amaze pirdapiri miTiTeba

uaRresad rTulia aRvniSneT mizezic Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturuli tradiciisa da epoqis azrovnebis mTlianoba

monoliTuroba amis miuxedavad SevecdebiT visaubroT saTnoebaTa kibis

mimarTebaze SoTa rusTavelis vefxistyaosanTan aRniSnuli

mimarTulebiT kvlevas specialur literaturaSi garkveuli tradicia

aqvs kerZod iv lolaSvils mohyavs erTi strofi ioane petriwiseuli

galeqsili variantidan

ldquowinamdebare ese ganigone Sen

dumilisa gzad dafarulad gonebad

xolo enisa metyvelebad da cxadad

warmomCenelad gulisaTa vinaAacuteTgan

sjobs saqme uAtildemo sityuasa usaqmosardquo (str 195)

petriwis es qristianul-Teologiuri Sexeduleba mkvlevris azriT

emsgavseba vefxistyaosnis cnobil taepebs ldquogagicxada damaluli

gonebaman dafarulmardquo da ldquobolos asre gaacxadna gonebaman dafarulnirdquo

orivegan ldquogonebardquo da ldquodafaruli gonebardquo aris RmerTi poemis gmirebi

eZeben nestans da ai RmerTma apovnina is qajeTis cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli

amiT man gaacxada is didi saidumlo romlis gamJRavnebiT ldquoborotsa

sZlia keTilmanrdquo termini ldquodafaruli gonebardquo nasesxebia qristianuli

filosofiuri Sromebidan da SeiZleba poeti am SemTxvevaSi saTnoebaTa

kibiTac iyos STagonebuli (petriwi 1968 140)

rusTvelis teqstsa da saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseul

Targmans Soris gvxvdeba leqsikuri Tanxvedrebic rac sagangebod aqvs

aRniSnuli m baramiZes bdquoZveli qarTuli enis leqsikonebSi ar Cans petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis rdquomicilebardquo rdquoSecilebardquo daviwyebis

37

mniSvnelobiT sainteresoa rom ldquomicilebardquo am mniSvnelobiT aris

vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoar miscildebis TinaTin misi mas visgan swvav alirdquo

ldquorad davviwydi rad mivscildirdquo

aseve petre gelaTelis redaqciis zedsarTavis ndash rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da

misgan nawarmoebi zmnizedis - rdquouWrelodrdquo mniSvneloba konteqstiTa da

eqvTimes Targmanis mixedviTac aris marTali namdvili namdvilad

marTla erTgulad rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da rdquouWrelodrdquo Targmania berZnuli

teqstis sityvebisa αποικιλος da αποικιλως (PG vol 88 1001C) romlis aTi

mniSvnelobidan erT-erTi (mecxre) aris gaqnili eSmaki cbieri mzakvari

wyaroseuli αποικιλος (uWrelo) da αποικιλως (uWrelod) Wrelis (ποικιλος) da

Wrelad (ποικιλως) sityvebis sapirispiro mniSvnelobisaa am leqsikur

erTeulebsac paraleli eZebnebaT vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoradmca ra vhkadre mefesa Txroba rasaca Wrelisardquo

rdquoymaman uTxra momismine marTlad giTxrob ara Wreladrdquo

konteqstiT kargad Cans rom ldquoWrelirdquo ldquoWreladrdquo ldquomarTlisrdquo

ldquomarTladrdquo mniSvnelobis sapirispiroa ara Wrelad mniSvnelobiT igivea

rac saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis uWrelodrdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saintereso Sedegs mogvcems ori Zeglis am

mimarTulebiT Seswavlis gagrZeleba (baramiZe 2013 52-53)

garda zemoT dasaxelebuli leqsikuri Tu terminologiuri

msgavsebisa vefxistyaosansa da saTnoebaTa kibeSi gvxvdeba saerTo

koncefciebic amjerad yuradRebas mxolod or maTganze gavamaxvileb

rusTvelis mier Camoyalibebuli Teologiuri debuleba `SiSi

Seiqms siyvarulsa~ (10454) romelsac avtori mociquls miawers

`marTlad ityvis mociqulirdquo (10454) mecnierTa msjelobisa da kamaTis

sagnad qceula prof e xinTibiZe am debulebis wyarod ioanes pirveli

epistoles IV Tavs miiCnevs ldquoioanes pirveli epistoles IV Tavi

siyvarulis apologiaa swored aq gaSlis mociquli ioane qristianuli

Teosofiis ZiriTad Tezas `RmerTi siyvaruli ars~ (1 in 48) da rom

RmerTis siyvarulis gamovlenis forma moyvasis siyvarulia `RmerTi

arasada vis uxilavs ukueTu viyuarebodiT urTierTas RmerTi Cuen

Soris hgies da siyuaruli misi Cuen Soris aRsrulebul ars~ (I in 412)

38

swored am konteqstSi gviqadagebs ioane mociquli rom am didi

WeSmaritebis SecnobiT aResruleba CvenSi siyvaruli da siyvarulSi ki

aRar aris SiSi ndash giorgi mTawmidelis Targmani `16 da Cuen vcanT da

gurwmena siyuaruli romeli aqus RmerTsa Cuenda momarT RmerTi

siyuaruli ars da romeli egos siyuarulsa zeda RmerTi mis Tana hgies

da igi RmrTisa Tana 17 amiT aRsrulebul ars siyuaruli Cuen Soris

raAacuteTa gancxadebulebaAacute guaqundes dResa mas sasjelisasa rameTu

viTarca igi iyo da Cuenca varT sofelsa amas Sina 18 SiSi ara ars

siyuarulsa Tana aramed srulman siyuarulman gare gandevnis SiSi

rameTu SiSsa tanjvaAacute aqus xolo moSiSi igi ara srul ars siyuarulsa

zedardquo (xinTibiZe 2009 352-353) mkvlevari aseve miuTiTebs rusTvelis

winamorbed patristikul literaturaze kerZod ki grigol didis

dialoRonis eqvTime aToneliseul Targmanze sadac aseve Cans saubari

sulis SiSisagan siyvarulze gadasvlis Taobaze ldquomravalsaxed

ganiyofebis lmobierebaAacute da wesi cremlTa maTTa romelni mAtildeurvaliTa

guliTa inanden codvaTa maTTa amisTAcircs viTarca pirisagan monanulTasa

ityAcircs winawarmetyueli ieremia ganyofani wyalTani gamoecnes TualTa

CemTa aw ukue sacnaur ars viTarmed daRacaTu mravali ars saxe

cremlTaAacute aramed Tavni saxeni orni arian rameTu odes sulsa surodis

RmrTisa pirvel SiSisagan movlen cremlni da merme siyuarulisagan

rameTu pirvelad tirs monanuli da iglovs AtildesenebiTa codvaTa TacircsTaAacuteTa

da eSinis nuukue saukuneTa maT satanjvelTa mieces xolo odes amiT

wesiTa friad warematos merme SiSi igi moakldebis da iqmnebis RmrTisa

mier gulsavsebaAacute Sendobisa codvaTa misTa da merme movals sulsa mas

zeda siyuaruli RmrTisaAacute da survili sasufevelisa caTaAacutesa da romeli

igi pirvel tiroda SiSisaTAcircs satanjvelTasa ukanaAacutesknel tirs romel

Soravn sasufevlisagan rameTu ganicdin da gamoisaxavn gonebaAacute viTarni

arian mAtildeedrobani angelozTani da rabam arian brwyinvalebani da

Suenierebani maTni da raAacute sawadel ars maT Tana yofaAacute da Tu viTarni

arian saSuebelni wmindaTa mowameTa da mamaTani amisgan kualad miiwevis

gonebaAacute Atildesenebad da survilad didebisa RmrTisa da gonebn Tu viTar

miefinebis angelozTaA zeda da wmidaTa naTeli pirisa misisaAacute amaT

eseviTarTa keTilTa raAacute igonebn diodian TualTagan misTa mdinareni

39

cremlTani da Tu vin Sors ars maT keTilTagan esreT ukue iqnebis

sruli igi lmobierebaAacute da WeSmariti igi gloaAacute SiSisagan siyuarulad

miavlens sulsa mas da amas gamosaxavs werili saxismetyuelebiT~ (ix

xelnaweri A-121 furc 108-110 soxaZe 2002 52-53) (xinTibiZe 2009 354-355)

rusTvelamdeli patristikuli literaturidan zemoT dasaxelebul

wyaros sadac SiSi da siyvaruli gverdigverd aris moTavsebuli

SegviZlia davumatoT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibec

vefxistyaosniseuli Teologiuri debuleba SiSis siyvarulad

transformirebis Sesaxeb ioane sinelis teqstis imdenad bevr konteqstSi

iCens Tavs rom am teqstis mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini sadisertacio

naSromSi sagangebod uZRvnis calke Tavs am sakiTxs Fear and love (SiSi da

siyvaruli) (kordoCkini 2003 259) mas mohyavs Sesabamisi damowmebani

saTnoebaTa kibidan ldquoaRorZinebaAacute SiSisa RmrTisaAacute ars dasabami

siyuarulisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 515 PGvol88 1157C) SiSi pirdapir kavSirSia

siyvarulTan ldquoraoden siyvaruli daakldebodis SiSi ganmravldebisrdquo

(sineli 1965 511 PG Vol 88 1156B) radgan SiSi SeiZleba iqces erTgvar

winapirobad siyvarulisTvis ldquoromelman SiSisagan satanjvelTaAacutesa yos

sofliT gamoslvaAacute misi mravalgzis cecxlsa STagdebulsa sakumevelsa

miemsgavsis romelman pirvelad iwyis sulnelebad da ukuanaAacutesknel

gardaiqcis kuamladrdquo (sineli 1965 26 PG Vol 88 637A) ioane sineli

saubrobs ra momnanie berebze romelTac xorcieli erosi gardaqmnes

sulier siyvarulad askvnis ldquoyovelsave SiSsa meyseulad Tana-warhAtildedes

da siyvarulad RmrTisa miiwivnesrdquo (sineli 1965 145 PG Vol 88 777A)

vfiqrobT dasaxelebuli pasaJebi qmnis naTel warmodgenas SiSi-

siyvarulis monacvleobis ioane sineliseul aRqmaze amgvari adgilebi

teqstSi bevria andrei kordoCkini asaxelebs Sua saukuneebis avtorebs

romelTa SemoqmedebaSic ikveTeba es Teologiuri debuleba eseni arian

origene antoni didi (ldquome aRar meSinia RmerTis radganac me miyvars igirdquo

ndash Apophthegmata Alph Anthony 32) makari egvipteli maqsime aRmsarebeli

romelic SiSsa da imeds ukavSirebs asketuri moRvaweobis pirvel etaps

ndash praqsiss xolo siyvaruls ufro maRal safexurs ndash xedvas Teorias

(kordoCkini 2003 261) vfiqrobT amgvaradve esmis ioane sinels SiSi-

siyvarulis dinamika andrei kordoCkinis SeniSvniT ioane sineli

40

yovelTvis ar akonkretebs saubrobs sasjelis SiSze Tu RvTis SiSze

magram erTi ram cxadia ndash SiSis mdgomareoba yovelTvis win uswrebs

siyvarulis mdgomareobas xolo es ukanaskneli aris STagoneba misTvis

(kordoCkini 2009 263)

amgvarad rusTveliseuli debulebis ldquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

prof elguja xinTibiZis mier gamovlenil wyaros grigol didis

dialoRons Cveni mxriv davumatebT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibes

romelic aseve iqneboda xelmisawvdomi vefxistyaosnis avtorisTvis

zemoT warmodgenil mosazrebas saTnoebaTa kibisa da

vefxistyaosnis calkeuli pasaJebis msgavsebasTan dakavSirebiT kidev

erTs SevmatebT da sakiTxis ukeT gamosakveTad msjelobas cota Soridan

daviwyebT

sulisa da sxeulis interaqciis sakiTxi erT-erTi ZiriTadi

problemaa romelzec msjelobs TiTqmis yvela filosofiuri

mimdinareoba da sxvadasxva religiuri sistema sakiTxi aqtualuria

rogorc antikur filosofiur saazrovno sivrceSi ise Sua saukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi Sesabamisad droTa ganmavlobaSi

Camoyalibda gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi da Teoriebi winamdebare

paragrafSi sakiTxis literaturul-filosofiuri tradiciis

gaTvaliswinebiT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis erT pasaJs

davasaxelebT vefxistyaosnis erT-erT SesaZlo wyarod vefxistyaosnis

CemTvis saintereso gansaxilveli taepis avtoria nawarmoebis erT-erTi

mTavari gmiri _ avTandili megobris dasaxmareblad mimavali avTandili

tovebs anderZs sadac Tavisi saqcielis gasamarTleblad ambobs rom is

ver uRalatebs ver moatyuebs WirSi Cavardnil moyvares radganac

rdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsardquo (st 791)

uSualod sakvlev Temaze gadasvlamde oriode sityviT SevexebiT

sulis Sesaxeb antikur Teoriebsa da sulisa da sxeulis

urTierTmimarTebis problemas Cv w aR-mde V saukunis bolos antikur

saberZneTSi suli gaigeba rogorc cocxali qmnilebebis ganmasxvavebeli

niSani romelsac SeiZleba hqonoda emocia pasuxismgeblobisa da

praqtikuli azrovnebis unari suli matarebelia iseTi saTnoebebis

rogoricaa simamace da samarTlianoba antikuri azrovneba sulis ideas

41

ganixilavs Zalian farTod rogorc cocxali organizmis yvelanair

moqmedebas es koncefcia yvelaze amomwuravad aisaxa aristoteles

filosofiaSi

heraklites azriT suli sxeulebrivia Sezavebuli

araCveulebrivad kargi da iSviaTi saxeobis materiisgan sulis amgvari

sxeulebrivi xedva erTgvarad xsnida sulsa da sxeuls Soris

urTierTobis problemas _ isini ar moiazreboda erTmaniTisgan

radikalurad gansxvavebul kategoriebad

platonis mixedviT suli aris kognituri da inteleqtualuri

suli aris is rac msjelobs fiqrobs da rac aregulirebs da

akontrolebs sxeulsa da mis survilebs gansakuTrebiT Tu es brZeni

sulia igi moicavs iseT Tvisebebs rogoricaa moTmineba samarTlianoba

simamace platons sulis arsi orgvarad esmis rogorc ganmasxvavebeli

moZravis da uZravis da rogorc pasuxismgebeli adamianis ara yvela

mentalur da fsiqologiur qmedebaze aramed mxolod mis garkveul

nawilze

fedonSi sokrate bevr Tvisebas miawers ara suls aramed sxeuls

magaliTad crurwmenas siamovnebas (Pl Phaed 83d) aseve survils da SiSs

(Pl Phaed 94d) sulis funqciaa sxeulis amgvari miswrafebebis

regulacia da kontroli imave dros suli ar aris mxolod

inteleqtualuri radgan mas aqvs aseve survilebi (Pl Phaed 81d)

(magaliTad arafilosofiuri sulis xorcieli siyvaruli (Έρως) (Pl

Phaed 80b) an kidev SimSilis sxeulebrivi survili rasac ar avlens

arasulieri usulo sagani Tumca verc imas vityviT rom suli ayalibebs

amgvar survilebs fedonSi ar aris mkveTrad gamijnuli sakvebis

intensiuri survili modis sulidan Tu xorcidan rogorc Cans

xorcieli survili dakavSirebulia sulTan iseve rogorc procesebi

metabolizmsa da sxeulis zrdaSi (es procesebic ukavSirdeba imas rom

sxeuls gaaCnia suli)

aristoteles Teoria sulis Sesaxeb amomwuravad aris gaSlili mis

traqtatSi De Anima romlis mixedviTac cocxali organizmis yvela

sasicocxlo funqcia miewereba suls igi pasuxismgebelia sxvadasxva

cocxali organizmis qmedebaze da aseve aris ganmasxvavebeli niSani

42

cocxal da aracocxal organizms Soris urTierToba sulsa da sxeuls

Soris aris konkretuli nimuSi ufro zogadi urTieTobisa formasa da

materias Soris (De Anima 22 413a32 23 415a9) aristoteles mixedviT

suli ar aris sxeulebrivi da xorcieli anu materialuri Tumca

platonis poziciis sapirispirod igi fiqrobs rom adamianis suls

sxeulisgan damoukidebeli arseboba ar SeuZlia (De Anima 11 403a3-25 esp

5-16)

sulis antikur Teoriebs gansakuTrebiT platonisa da

aristoteles moZRvrebebs ar daukargavT aqtualoba Semdeg periodSic

qristiani mwerlebi grigol noseli da klimenti aleqsandrieli

davalebulni arian swored platonisgan Tumca sakiTxis gaazrebaSi

SemoaqvT axali niuansebi miuxedavad amisa am da sxva filosofiuri

problemebis postklasikuri ganviTarebis interpretacia unda xdebodes

yvela SemTxvevaSi klasikuri Teoriebis CarCosa da konteqstSi

(lorenci 2009)

amgvarad sulisa da sxeulis funqciis maTi urTierTmimarTebis

sakiTxi antikuri samyarodan moyolebuli yvela didi moazrovnis

gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani yofila maTi arsis raobis gansazRvra

miT ufro arsebiTi iyo ramdenadac swored amis safuZvelze xdeboda

SesaZlebeli adamianis ama Tu im midrekilebis srulyofili analizi da

gamovlena im saSualebebisa romliTac daiTrguneboda amgvari

arasasurveli midrekilebani

aRniSnuli problema metad aqtualuria Suasaukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri azrovnebisTvisac qristianulma religiam

ufro mkveTrad dasva sxeulisa da sulis urTiermimarTebis problema

gaCnda uamravi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego Teoria iyo azrTa sxvaoba

gansakuTrebiT qristianuli religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapebze

qristianuli anTropologia ganviTarda rogorc qristologiis erTi

nawili amitom Zalian rTulia patristikul literaturaSi mwyobri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebis povna garkveuli dilemebi Cans aseve

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibeSic (kordoCkini 2003 34)

gadavideT uSualod sakvlev sakiTxze ndash ioane sinelis teqstze

romlis erTi pasaJi SesaZloa iyos rusTavelis Teologiuri debulebis

43

_ bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) _ wyaro

saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso Teza moTavsebulia teqstis im

safexurSi romelic exeba siZvas bdquoromelnime vnebani gonebisagan xorcTa

momarT movlen da romelnime kualad xorcTagan gonebad da soflioTa

Tana meore ese iqnebis xolo udabnos myofTa Tana pirveli igi rameTu

ara arian maT Tana nivTni nebaTani xiluladldquo (sineli 1965 268)

upirveles yovlisa SevecdebiT ganvmartoT moyvanili pasaJi

imisaTvis rom gavigoT Tu ras gulisxmobs avtori ris Semdegac

paraleli vefxistyaosanTan ufro cxadi da gasagebi gaxdeba teqstSi

gamoyenebuli cneba _ goneba _ semantikurad sulis Tanafardia rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT qristianul literaturaSi da gansakuTrebiT sulier

cxovrebaze daweril traqtatebSi ar aris mosalodneli sistemuri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebisa da Sesabamisad mwyobrad gansazRvruli

anTropologiuri terminologiis povna saTnoebaTa kibe ar aris

anTropologiuri naSromi da Sesabamisad anTropologiuri

terminologiis gamoyenebisas avtori ar icavs mkveTr zRvars maT

gasamijnad (kordoCkini 2003 34) amgvari ldquoaRrevardquo damaxasiaTebelia Sua

saukuneebis patristikuli literaturisTvis ediSer WeliZe grigol

palamas teqstze _ aRsareba marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa _ darTul

komentarebSi aRniSnavs rom ldquosulsrdquo anu ldquopnevmasrdquo saxeldeben agreTve

gonebad (νοῦς) olimpiodore aleqsandrieli ldquopnevmasrdquo ase ganmartavs bdquoigi

vfiqrob aris agreTve goneba (νοῦς)ldquo pnevmis aRiarebam fsiqes nawilad

rac met-naklebad yvela saeklesio RvTismetyvelTan vlindeba gamoiwvia

ldquopnevmisrdquo sinonimuri saxeldebis gonebis (νοῦς) agreTve ldquofsiqeSirdquo CarTva

(WeliZe 2012 153-154)

bevr qristian mweralTan maT Soris ioane sinelTanac ldquogonebardquo

da ldquogulirdquo gansazRvrebuli ki ar aris aramed isini SeiZleba aRiweros

mxolod maTi moqmedebebis Sesabamisad amdenad ioane sineli ldquogulsrdquo da

ldquosulsrdquo an kidev ldquogonebasrdquo da ldquosulsrdquo (psixes) xSirad sinonimebad iyenebs

(kordoCkini 2003 31-34) ase magaliTad ioane sineli ldquogonebaSirdquo rom

ldquosulsrdquo gulisxmobs amas kidev erTxel adasturebs saTnoebaTa kibis

SiSisadmi miZRvnili safexuri avtori semantikurad imave azrs

aviTarebs rac zemoT moviyvaneT oRond am SemTxvevaSi ldquogonebasrdquo cvlis

44

ldquosuliTrdquo bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da odesme pirvelad xorcni

da meore igi ziar-yvis vnebisa mis romelmac pirvelad miiRis igildquo

(sineli 1965 299) aqve oriode sityviT SevexebiT ras gulisxmobs avtori

SiSSi da moviSveliebT ioane damaskelis gardamocemis samocdameSvide

Tavs sadac avtori ganmartavs bdquoSiSisldquo saxels ormagi gaazreba aqvs

radgan arsebobs bunebiTi SiSi rodesac ar nebavs suls sxeulisgan

ganyofa arsebobs kidev SiSi rac warmoiqmneba azrTa Ralatis

urwmunoebisa da sikvdilis Jamis arcodnis Sedegad rogorc magaliTad

gvaSinebs RamiT momxdari ram xmauri es SiSi bunebis garegania da

ganvsazRvravT ra mas vambobT bdquobunebis garegani SiSi aris gauazrebeli

ganridebaldquo (ioan damask gard 2000 416-417) rogorc vxedavT saTnoebaTa

kibis warmodgenil konteqstSi igulisxmeba swored arabunebiTi SiSi

amgvarad ioane sineli saubrobs vnebaze codvaze romelic

SeiZleba warmoiSvas xorcSi da Semdgom ukve gadaeces da daazianos

suli an kidev piriqiT am fonze sainteresod gveCveneba sulisa da

sxeulis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis avtoriseuli xedva ra tendenciebi

ikveTeba saTnoebaTa kibis teqstSi am mimarTulebiT

saTnoebaTa kibeSi aisaxa yvela ZiriTadi idea iseTi mistikur-

asketikuri filosofiuri mimdinareobisa rogoricaa isixazmi igi

metafizikur-anTropologiuri azriT monisturia adamiani sxeulebrivi

da sulieri saxiT erTi mTlianobaa _ ontologiuri monada misi suli

iseve Zlier aris daSorebuli RvTisgan rogorc sxeuli Sesabamisad

ganwmendis (wmindanobis) fenomeni erTnairad miRwevadia aramarto

sulisTvis aramed sxeulisTvisac (popova 2011 22) aqedan gamomdinare

codva (miuxedavad misi sxeulebrivi Tu sulismieri warmomavlobisa)

azianebs adamianis orive nawils sulsac da sxeulsac rogorc erT

mTlianobas saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso epizodSi xazgasmaa

imaze rom codva nebismier SemTxvevaSi moicavs adamians mTlianobaSi

ubralod daculia rigiToba codvis warmomSobi moqmedi SeiZleba

iyos xan suli xan kidev sxeuli (bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da

odesme pirvelad xorcni da meore igi ziarndashyvis vnebisa mis romelmac

pirvelad miiRis igildquo (sineli 1965 299) amgvar pozicias ioane sineli

aviTarebs moulodnelad logikuri msjelobis gareSe radgan cota

45

ufro zemoT avtori sakmaod ldquodabneulirdquo Cans ldquoromelnime ityAcircan

viTarmed gulis-sityuaTagan gulisaTa movlen Atildeorcni vnebad da

aRZvrad da kualad sxuani ityAcircan viTarmed sacnobelTagan AtildeorcTaAacutesa

iSvebian borotni gulis-sityuani dapirvelni igi ityAcircan viTarmed

ukueTumca gonebaAacute ara winamZRuar qmnul iyo vnebisa Atildeorcnimca ara

miyolil iyvnes xolo meoreni igi AtildeorcTa vnebisa siborotesa Semwed

TAcircsisa sityAcircsa sityuasa moiReben da ityAcircan viTarmed _ mravalgzis

xilviTa pirisaAacuteTa anu SexebiTa AtildeelisaAacuteTa anu ynosiTa sulnelebisaAacuteTa

anu smeniTa Atildemisa hamoAacutesaAacuteTa movlen gulis-sityuani gulad amaT saqmeTa

WeSmaritebaAacute romelsa Zal-edvas uflisa mier gamoacxaden da guaswavenrdquo

(sineli 1965 267) avtoris ldquodabneulobardquo savaraudod mianiSnebs im

epoqiseul dilemaze romlis winaSec aRmoCnda ioane sineli roca jer

kidev mimdinareobs diskusiebi da msjelobebi sxvadasxva qristianuli

dogmatikisTvis arsebiT sakiTxze es bunebrivic Cans qristianuli

religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapze konteqsti gvaCvenebs rom ioane

sinelma icis Tavis Tanamedrove moazrovneebs Soris arsebuli

sxvadasxva poziciis Tu diskusiis Sesaxeb miuxedavad erTgvari

meryeobisa ioane sineli mainc eTanxmeba Sua saukuneebis qristianul

tradiciaSi arsebul Teorias sulismieri da xorcismieri codvebis

diferenciaciis Sesaxebs romelic cotaTi adre ufro mkafiod aqvs

warmodgenili IV_V saukuneebis mijnaze moRvawe ber ioane kasianes Tavis

traqtatSi ndash Svid momakvdinebel codvaze rogorc zemoT vnaxeT ioane

sineli sargeblobs da miuTiTebs kidec ioane kasianeze rogorc teqstis

erTerT wyaroze ioane kasianes azriT vnebebi iyofa xorciel da

mSvinvier saxeobad xorcieli vneba sxeulSi iSveba da mas atkbobs

xolo mSvinvieri samSvinvelis midrekilebidan momdinareobs da

samSvinvels kvebavs da xandaxan xorcsac azianebs ioane kasiane ufro

metadac akonkretebs sakiTxs da CamoTvlis Tu romeli codvebi

warmoiSoba xorcSisxeulSi da romeli sulSi (cassian 4344) amgvarad

codvis dayofa sulismierad da sxeulismierad Sua saukuneebis

qristianuli azrovnebisTvis nacnobi da aqtualuri Temaa magram

gansxvavebiT ioane kasianesgan ioane sineli amgvari dayofis ZiriTad

mamoZravebel mizezad garemos miiCnevs ndash rogorc saTnoebaTa kibis

46

teqstidan gamoCnda vneba moicavs jer sxeuls Tuki saero adamianTan

gvaqvs saqme da suls Tuki monazonze vsaubrobT radganac saero piri

met cdunebas xvdeba garemomcveli pirobebis gamo vefxistyaosnis

striqoni bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo rogorc

viciT ekuTvnis avTandils saero pirs rostevan mefis spaspets

amgvarad saTnoebaTa kibis ganxiluli pasaJidan gamomdinare

mosalodnelia rom codva vneba Tavdapirvelad moicavs avTandilis

rogorc saero piris sxeuls radganac igi saTanadod ar aris daculi

mravalferovani sacdurisgan romelic saero pirs garemomcveli

pirobebis gamo ufro metad ebrZvis imis sailustraciod rom

vefxistyaosniseuli rdquoavnebsrdquo ar unda gavigoT rogorc ziani am

SemTxvevaSi xorcis ziani Tavisi viwro SinaarsiT _ sxeulis

dasneuleba SeiZleba davimowmoT erTi epizodi ioanes saxarebidan am

epizodis mixedviT macxovris mier gankurnebuli kacis avadmyofobis

mizezi warsulSi Cadenili codva Cans romelmac Tavi iCina fizikuri

sneulebis saxiT rdquoamisa Semdgomad pova igi iesu taZarsa mas da hrqua mas

aha egera gankurnebul xar nuRara scodav raAacuteTa ara uZAcircresi geyosldquo (in

5 5-14) amgvarad esmiT moyvanili saxarebiseuli epizodi bibliis teqstis

cnobil egzegetikosebsac (Teofilaqte bulgareli Toma aqvineli)

magram codva vneba romelsac adamiani sCadis TviT saxarebis

mixedviTac ki yovelTvis ar iCens Tavs sneulebis saxiT rogorc e

xinTibiZe aRniSnavs vefxistyaosanSi gadaWriT da kategoriulad aris

naTqvami rom codva am SemTxvevaSi sicrue da orpiroba yovelTvis

gamonaklisis gareSe avnebs xorcs da mere suls (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

amitom frazis avnebs xorcsa gageba viwro mniSnelobiT rogorc

sxeulis dasneuleba _ arasworia radgan vefxistyaosnis kategoriuli

toni ndash mankierebiT Tanmimdevrulad xorcsa da sulze miyenebuli zianis

Sesaxeb arc saxarebaSi Cans piriqiT saxarebaSi xazgasmulia rom vneba

yovelTvis ar gamovlindeba fizikuri sneulebis saxiT aqedan

gamomdinare gamarTlebulad mimaCnia cnebis avnebs ioane damaskeliseuli

interpretacia definicia bdquovnebaAacute erTsaxel ars da orpir rameTu vneba

ewodebis Atildeorcielsaca viTar-igi arian senni da wuTxni da kualad

sulierTaca vnebad saxel-edebis viTar igi arian gulisTqumaAacute da

47

guliswyromaAacuteldquo cota qvemoT vnebulebas ioane damaskeli ganmartavs

rogorc bunebis sawinaaRmdego moZraobas bdquoaw ukue moqmedeba ars

bunebiTi aRZrvaAacute xolo vnebaAacute gareSe ars bunebisaAacute vinaAacuteca amaTve

mizezTagan moqmedebaAacuteca igi vnebad iTqumis raJams ara bunebiTi iyos

aRZvraAacute igi gina Tu TaviT TacircsiT anu Tu sxAcircsa mier SemTxueulildquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 126) vnebuleba aris yvela moZraoba romelic aris

mZafri da romelic grZnobaSi Semodis sicrue da orpiroba bunebis

sawinaaRmdego moZraobaa igi avnebs anu am sawinaaRmdego moZraobisken

ubiZgebs jer xorcs rogorc am vnebis warmoSobis pirvelad mizezs da

Semdeg ukve suls rasac sabolood mivyavarT sulieri samaradiso

cxovrebis zianamde meore mxriv codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva sxva

ra SeiZleba iyos Tu ara ziani bdquoavnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo SeiZleba

gavigoT rogorc codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva rac TavisTavad

vnebaa ziania da am vnebis Tavdapirveli matarebeli vefxistyaosnis

mixedviT swored sxeulia rogorc ukve aRvniSneT avTandili rogorc

saero piri ufro naklebad aris daculi xorcieli sacdurisgan da

Sesabamisad codvac romelic SeiZleba Caidinos man pirvel rigSi

sxeulebrivia sxeulSi aRmocendeba da Semdeg moicavs sulsac bdquovgmob

kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansaldquo (799) ndash es ukve aris adamiani

romlisTvisac sicrue da orpiroba erjeradi qmedeba ki aRar aris

aramed cxovrebis wesi misi bunebis nawilia amgvari kaci saiqiosac ver

gamarTldeba da RvTis winaSe Sercxvenili da codvili warsdgeba

Cemi azriT mocemuli striqonis amgvari ganmarteba da mis wyarod

swored saTnoebaTa kibis miCneva ufro myardeba teqstis erT-erTi

safexuriT misive Tqmuli tyuvilisaTAcircs dasaxelebuli safexuri

miZRvnilia sicruisadmi rogorc sulier kibeze aRmavali

qristianisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze xelisSemSlel vnebaze teqstSi

vkiTxulobT _ bdquotyuvili ars ganmryuneli siyuarulisaAacute da mSobeli cru-

ficobisaAacute romel ars RmrTisa uaris-yofaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 216)

sicrue ioane sinelis Txzulebis mixedviT RmerTis uaryofaa

RmerTis uaryofa ki udavod yovelgvari ubedurebis sawyisia bdquoradgan

Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubadobisa me rad gavwiro moyvare Zma umtkicesi

Zmobisaldquo (st 792) _ ambobs avTandili anderZSi sxva magaliTic vnaxoT

48

bdquoorgulebaAacute dedaAacute ars tyuvilisaAacute da saqme misi rameTu orgulebaAacute sxuaAacute

araraAacute ars garna wrTuaAacute tyuilisaAacute da mopovnebaAacute ficTa cudTaAacuteldquo

(sineli 1965 217) vefxistyaosanSic Ralati ficis gatexa da sicrue

erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli da erTnairad Seuwynarebeli

danaSaulia

bdquoSen gastexe fici Cemi simtkice da igi mcneba

RmerTman qmna da dagirCina cudad Seni xelovnebaldquo (528)

an kidev

bdquokvlaca vhkadre bdquome Tu mzeo TqvenTvis fici gametexos

RmerTman awve risxva misi zeciT CemTvis gaamexosldquo (535)

bdquoSen ar-gatexa kargi gWirs zenaarisa ficisaldquo (708)

vefxistyaosanSi fici dakavSirebulia RmerTTan nawarmoebis

personaJebs swamT rom ficis gatexa da sicrue RvTis risxvis

gamomwvevia

bdquovgmob kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansa

ver vecruvebi ver vuzam saqmesa saZabunosa

piris-pir marcxvens ornive mivalT mas saukunosaldquo (799)

_ wers avTandili anderZSi romelSic agrZelebs sicruis da orpirobis

Temas da gansazRvravs mosalodnel Sedegs rom saukuno cxovrebaSi

RmerTis pirispir am vnebis gamo Sercxvenili iqneba analogiuri azria

gatarebuli saTnoebaTa kibeSic sicruesTan da cru ficTan mimarTebiT

vinc daZlevs am safexurs igi WeSmaritebas moipovebs ldquoese meTormete

kibe ars romeli mZle eqmnas amas guelsa mas Ziri keTilTaAacute mougies

romel ars WeSmaritebaAacuteldquo (sineli 1965 219)

avTandilma icis rom sicrue da megobris Ralati dausjeli ar

darCeba misi es codna ki moiTxovs praqtikul ganxorcielebas

bdquoara viqm codna ras margebs filasofosTa brZnobisa

miT viswavlebiT mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa ldquo (792)

qmedebaSi moyvanili sibrZne erTi pirobaa RmerTTan misasvlelad

da WeSmaritebis mosapoveblad tyuili ki erT-erTi mTavarTagania im

mankierebaTa Soris rac uSlis adamians xels saTnoebaTa kibeze

amaRlebaSi RmerTTan ziarebasa da amgvarad WeSmaritebis mopovebaSi

bdquorameTu sulman wmidaman saSinelad Tqua misTAcircs daviT

49

winaswarmetyuelisaAacuteTa viTarmed romeli ityodis sicruesa mas ara

waremarTos winaSe TualTa CemTaldquo (sineli 1965 216) amgvarad

vefxistyaosanSic da saTnoebaTa kibeSic erTnairad Seuwynarebel

codvad iTvleba sicrue igi yovelgvari ubedurebis mizezia da am mankis

dauZlevelad SeuZlebelia morig sulier safexurze amaRleba

saTnoebaTa kibis erT-erTi pirveli Targmani eqvTime aTonels

ekuTvnis aRsaniSnavia rom vefxistyaosanSi gamoyenebuli qarTulenovani

wyaroebi ZiriTadad eqvTime aTonelis Targmanebidan momdinareobs

razec prof elguja xinTibiZe miuTiTebs kidec rdquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

frazis wyaros Ziebisas

amgvari msjelobis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom

rusTaveli savaraudod icnobda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts misi romelime

Targmanidan am varauds mxars uWers e xinTibiZis mosazreba bdquorusTaveli

aSkarad emyareba ara mxolod biblias aramed mTel qarTulenovan

sasuliero mwerlobasldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 356-357) sakiTxi romlis Sesaxebac

iwereboda uzarmazari filosofiuri Tu Teologiuri traqtatebi

mxolod erTi striqoniT gadmoica rusTavelTan romelsac amave

striqonSi win uZRvis miTiTeba gamoTqmuli azris avtorze _ bdquome sityvasa

erTsa gkadreb platonisgan swavla Tqmulsa sicrue da orpiroba avnebs

xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) avtoris amgvari dakonkreteba gaxda

safuZveli imisa rom platonis filosofiaSi eZiaT am frazis wyaro

Tumca amgvari azris pirdapiri formulireba platonis dialogebSi ar

Cans8

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis mniSvneloba Sua saukuneebis

kulturisTvis ganapirobebs teqstis farTo gamoyenebas epoqis gamorCeul

moRvaweTagan ucxoenovan samecniero literaturaSi ioane sinelis

teqstis gavlenas xedaven ara marto Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturaze aramed XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis SemoqmedebaSic

saTnoebaTa kibis gavlenis Semdgomi kvleva Sua saukuneebis da gviani

periodis qarTul literaturaze vfiqrobT saintereso suraTs

8 sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria ix e xinTibiZe bdquoplatonisgan swavla Tqmuli da

misi msoflmxedvelobiTi datvirTvaldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

50

warmogviCens rasac samomavlo perspeqtivad vsaxavT amjerad ki Cveni

kvleva Semoifargla mxolod rusTavelis vefxistyaosniT

51

Tavi II

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturuli da stiluri Taviseburebani

naSromis SesavalSi ukve aRvniSneT rom qarTulad SemorCenilia

saTnoebaTa kibis ori sruli Targmani (eqvTime aToneliseuli da petre

gelaTeliseuli) prozaul teqstze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili ori sruli

poeturi versia (ioane sineliseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli) da aseve

qeTevan bezaraSvilis mier bolo wlebSi aRmoCenili saTnoebaTa kibis

poeturi teqstis fragmentebi romelic CarTuli aRmoCnda grigol

nazianzelis TxzulebebSi naSromis winamdebare TavSi warmodgenili

kvleva moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturasa da stils aseve poeturi teqstebis versifikacias

52

amp 1 saTnoebaTa kibis struqturuli Tavisebureba

berZnuli teqstis struqturuli da kompoziciuri Taviseburebis

sakiTxi metad aqtualuria specialur (ZiriTadad inglisur da

rusulenovan) samecniero literaturaSi amitom sanam SemogTavazebdeT

uSualod sakuTar dakvirvebas qarTuli Targmanebis struqturaze

mokled mimovixilav sakiTxis Seswavlis istorias da ZiriTad

mosazrebebs

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema rogorc ukve aRiniSna dRemde ar arsebobs

aRvniSneT aseve rom met-naklebad ukeTes gamocemad miiCneva meTiu

raderis (Matthew Rader) mier momzadebuli teqsti (PG vol 88 596-1209)

teqsts winasityvaobis saxiT darTuli aqvs kardinal robert

belarminos Sromis - eklesiis mweralTa Sesaxeb ndash is nawili romelic

eZRvneba ioane sinels aseve meTiu raderis Sesavali werili teqstisa da

avtoris Sesaxeb Sesavals mosdevs raiTis monastris beris danielis

mier aRwerili ioane sinelis cxovreba raiTis monastris iRumenis

ioanes epistole ioane sinelisadmi ioane sinelis sapasuxo epistole

ioane raiTelisadmi Sesavali (ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ) pinaqsi sakuTriv teqsti da

traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) aseve Targmanebebi

romelic erTvis teqstis yvela safexurs aRsaniSnavia rom berZnul

teqstSi Tavebs ewodeba sityva (λογος) xolo laTinur TargmanSi xarisxi

(Gradus) (PG vol 88 596-1209) aRiniSna aseve rom meTiu raderiseuli

teqstisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels konstantinepolSi aTonis

mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT gamosca berma sofroniusma

sofroniusis da meTiu raderis teqstebSi garda uSualod teqstualuri

gansxvavebebisa sxvadasxvaa TavTa Tanmimdevrobac (kordoCkini 200314)

rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime

aToneliseuli Targmanis struqtura Semdegnairia nawarmoebs SesavalSi

darTuli aqvs mTargmnelis eqvTime aTonelis anderZi romelic moicavs

mokle instruqciაsa da informacias teqstis Sesaxeb anderZs mosdevs

kibAgrave saTnoebaTaAacute cad aRmyvanebeli Tqmuli daniil monazonisa

raiTelisa wignisa amisTAcircs sulTa ganmanaTleblisaAacute romelsa ewodebis

53

klemaqsi romel ars kibAgrave cxorebaAacute wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa

ioane sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute moZRurebiTa ganTqumulisa sulTa

ganmanaTlebelisa da WeSmaritad sanatrelisaAacute romeli ese aRwera

daniil monazonman raiTelman ebistole wmidisa mamisa iovane raiTel

mamasaxlisisaAacute sanatrelisa iovanes mimarT sinel mamasaxlisisa

ebistolAgrave wmidisa da netarisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisa iovanes mimarT

raiTel mamasaxlisisa romelsa zeda-werili ese ars ficarni sulieri

iovane iovanes axarebs amas mohyveba sakuTriv teqsti Semdegi zogadi

saTauriT swavlani wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisani

romelni miuZRuanna mamasa iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa rameTu eTxoa

mas misgan raAacuteTa aRwernes swavlani monazonTa mimarT saRmToAacute kibe

saTnoebaTaAacute teqstis bolo nawilia misive wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane

sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute mwyemsisa da winamZRurisa mimarT romeli-ese misca

sxuaTa amaT pirvel-TqumulTa TavTa Tana iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa

romelsa eTxova misgan raAacuteTa dauwernes swavlani monagonebisani

nawarmoebs boloSi darTuli aqvs Targmanebebi (sineli 1965) aRniSnuli

Targmanebebi berZnul teqstSi erTvis TiToeul Tavs xolo eqvTime

aTonels isini erTad mouTavsebia teqstis boloSi (cincaZe 1965 53)

prof meri cincaZe eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis Sesaval nawilze

dakvirvebis Sedegad askvnis rom qarTul redaqciaSi berZnuli (meTiu

raderis) redaqciisgan gansxvavebuli rigia daculi (cincaZe 1965 43)

eqvTime aTonelis teqstis rigia daculi (anderZis gamoklebiT) petre

gelaTelis TargmanSic (prologi) aha pinaqsi saRmrToAacutesa klimaqsisaAacute

daniil minazonisa raiTelisaAacute cxovrebisami uflisa ioannis

sxolastikosisa cxorebaAacute SemkuAgraveTebiTi amba ioanni winamZRurisa wmidisa

mTisa sinaAacutesaAacute zedwodebiT sxolastikosisa wmidaTa SorisosaAacute

WeSmaritad epistole amba ioanni winamZRurisa raiTisaAacute ioannis mimarT

RirssakAcircrvelisa sinisa mTisa winamZRurisa ioannis ioanni gixaroden (A-

39)

rac Seexeba poetur teqstebs ioane petriwiseuli varianti

moicavs saTnoebaTa kibis mxolod ZiriTad teqsts zogierT xelnawerSi

teqsts Tan erTvis TxuTmeti iambikuri strofi romelTagan pirveli

strofi akrostiqulia da ikiTxeba Semdegi saTauri SAcircdTaTAcircs vnebaTa

54

ars teqsti moicavs opoziciur wyvilebs ndash Svidi momakvdinebeli codva

da maTi sapirispiro saTnoebebi iv lolaSvilis varaudiT am teqstis

avtoric SesaZloa ioane petriwi iyos (petriwi 1968 255) SeniSnulia rom

saTnoebaTa kibisadmi SvidTaTvis vnebaTas darTva berZnul xelnawerTa

tradiciiT aris ganpirobebuli qarTul mwerlobaSi ki arsebobs

klemaqsisa da SvidTaTvis vnebaTas erTi da imave piris mier galeqsvis

tradicia (ioane petriwi anton kaTalikosi) (bezaraSvili 1987 133-134)

Svidi vnebis sakiTxs XVIII saukuneSi calke Txzulebebs uZRvnian

nikoloz Tbileli da kvipriane samTavneli (kekeliZe 1980 348-349 339)

yvela es teqsti SedgenilobiTa da TanmimdevrobiT sxvadasxvaa da erTi

wyarodan ar momdinareobs (bezaraSvili 1987 134)

anton kaTalikosis saTnoebaTa kibe moicavs ZiriTad teqsts

romelsac mosdevs oTxi akrostiquli iambikuri strofi bolo maTganis

kidurwerilobaSi ikiTxeba mwyemsisa mimarTca traqtati mwyemsisa

mimarTca moicavs aT strofs xolo mas mosdevs kvlav ori akrostiquli

iamburi strofi kidurwerilobiT ndash SvidTaTAcircs vnebaTa es da aqac

rogorc ioane petriwiseul variantSi saubaria Svid vnebaze da maT

sapirispiro saTnoebebze rogorc samecniero literaturaSia SeniSnuli

igi anton kaTalikosis originaluri Sromaa (bezaraSvili 1987 134 kukava

1978 30-34)

anton kaTalikosiseul da ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

yoveli Tavi iwyebა originaluri strofebiT maTi Sinaarsi ZiriTadad

zogadia da gvacnobs im Temas razedac iqneba saubari ama Tu im TavSi

xolo safexurebis dasaTaurebas vkiTxulobT am strofebis

kidurwerilobaSi radganac magaliTad anton kaTalikosiseul

redaqciaSi Tavebs ar aqvT calke gamoyofili saTaurebi (mxolod

numeracia)

vardi ar mWnari ჶiali keTil sulnel

limena SuAgravebis oqroT arxrwnadTsakrebi

or-gzis Sedgoma satrfos namdAcirclsawyuris

tkbiluRlis tAcircrTAcircT sofliT gamoslvasagan g

55

ltolva aqaT RmrTiv iqa zenadmi mimyegravean9

anonimuri versiis TavTa raodenoba arasrulyofilia aq

warmodgenilia 30 Tavidan mxolod 12 (7 11 12 15 22 23 24 25 26 29 30)

da msgavsad antonis leqsiTi redaqciisa da sxva prozauli versiebisa

erTvis mokle Txzuleba mwyemsisa mimarT gansxvavebiT ioane petriwisa

da antonis leqsiTi redaqciebis Sedgenilobisa sadac TiToeul TavSi

10-11 iamburi (5-taepiani) strofia anonimur versiaSi nebismieria rogorc

iambur strofTa raodenoba ise strofSi taepTa raodenobac arc

gasaleqsad SerCeuli masala emTxveva sxva leqsiT redaqciebs

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-133)

ioane sinelis teqstis saTauridanve (klemaqsi-kibe) Cans saTnoebaTa

kibis struqturis specifika avtori iyenebs safexureobriv struqturas

raTa aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi Tumca am mxriv igi novatori

ar aris ioane sinelamde origenem Tavis ocdameSvide homiliaSi

ricxvebis Sesaxeb Seadgina 42 safexuri romelze aRmasvla

aTavisuflebda adamians xorcieli survilebisagan naSromis struqturis

konstruirebisTvis kibis simbolos aqtiurad iyeneben sxva avtorebic

filon aleqsandrieli sirieli mamebi grigol noseli Tumca ioane

sinelis Sromis unikaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs rom masSi daxatulia

sulieri aRmasvlis uprecedentod masStaburi da srulyofili suraTi

(kordoCkini 2003 22-23)

mkvlevari jon dafi romelic ganixilavs saTnoebaTa kibis stilsa

da kompozicias yuradRebas amaxvilebs oTx ZiriTad dokumentze

romelsac nawarmoebis kompoziciis konstruirebisaTvis misi azriT

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs esenia werili raiTis monastris

abatisgan ioane sinelisadmi miwerili ioane sinelis sapasuxo werili

sakuTriv teqsti da naSromis bolos darTuli mokle traqtati

mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) mkvlevris azriT abati raiTelis

werili ara marto pirveli stimulia nawarmoebis kompoziciisTvis

aramed mas Semoaqvs nawarmoebis wardgenis TvalsazrisiT mniSnelovani

ori ZiriTadi idea kerZod a) mose rogorc mediumi RmerTsa da

9 teqstebs anton kaTalikosis redaqciidan safexurisa da muxlis miTiTebiT am da sxva SemTxvevaSic vimowmebT A-711 xelnaweridan

56

adamianebs Soris romelmac miiRo RvTis kanonebi b) bibliuri iakobis

cnobili sizmari ndash miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibe

nawarmoebs asrulebs mokle traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT romelSic

ixateba idealuri ldquomwyemsisrdquo saxe es idealuri mwyemsi ki ndash abati

raiTelia aSkaraa rom nawarmoebis kompoziciur gamTlianebaSi

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnis iniciatori ndash

abati raiTeli nawarmoebi iwyeba misi weriliT da sruldeba traqtatiT

romelSi gansaxierebuli idealuri winamZRvari kvlav is aris ndash askvnis

mkvlevari (dafi 1999 3)

saTnoebaTa kibis struqturisa da semantikis urTierTmimarTebis

Sesaxeb arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi kerZod k krumbaxeri teqsts

hyofs or nawilad I-XXIII safexurebi ndash mankierebebis daZleva da XXIV-

XXXL safexurebi - moraluri da Teologiuri saTnoebebis mopoveba

(krumbaxeri 1897 143ndash144) sxva azriT teqsti Sedgeba sami nawilisgan

soflidan gasvla (I-VII Tavebi) mankierebebTan brZola (VIII-XXIII Tavebi)

da qristianuli srulyofa (XXIV-XXX Tavebi) (desili 2002 103-104)

kalistos ueari teqsts yofs Semdegnairad soflidan gasvla (1-3 Tavebi)

saTnoebebis mopoveba (4-7 Tavebi) vnebebTan brZola romelic Tavis mxriv

iyofa a) vnebebi romlebic upiratesad arafizikuria (8-13 Tavebi)

fizikuri da materialuri vnebebi (14-17 Tavebi) arafizikuri vnebebi (18-23

Tavebi) umaRlesi saTnoebebi (24-26 Tavebi) dabolos RmerTTan SeerTeba

(27-30 Tavebi) (ueari 1982 13)

sakiTxis am mimarTulebiT warmarTvis kuTxiT sagulisxmoa kidev

erTi mosazreba romelsac yvelaze sarwmunod miiCnevs saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstis slavuri Targmanebis mkvlevari ara erTi statiisa da

monografiis avtori ndash tatiana popova mosamzadebel safexurebad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos pirveli Svidi Tavi Semdeg modis ndash codvili

cxovrebis uwmindurobisgan TviTganwmendisTvis moRvaweobaRwva a)

gulismier mankierebebTan brZola (VIII IX safexurebi) b) metyvelebasTan

dakavSirebul codvebTan brZola (X XI XII safexurebi) g)

xorcismiersxeulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVI XVII safexurebi) d)

sulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVIII-XXIII safexurebi) dabolos

moRvaweoba sulieri ganaxlebisTvis a) gulis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIV XXV

57

safexurebi) b) gonebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXVI XXVII XXVIII safexurebi) g)

nebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIX XXX safexurebi) (germani 1854 42-43)

mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini Tavis sadoqtoro naSromSi sagangebo

Tavs uZRvnis saTnoebaTa kibis struqturas da Semdeg kanonzomierebas

xedavs I-III Tavebi ndash Sesavali samonastro cxovrebisaTvis IV Tavidan

teqstis ZiriTadi nawili miZRvnilia morCilebisadmi rac samonastro

cxovrebis qvakuTxedia da es nawili mTavrdeba XXVI TaviT ndash gansjisa da

gulisxmierebisaTvis bolo oTxi Tavi eZRvneba qristianul srulyofas

mkvlevaris azriT teqstis pirveli Tavebi xasiaTdeba intensiuri

asketuri brZoliT da sabaziso saTnoebebis mopovebiT maSin roca meore

etapisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mWvretelobiTi urTierToba RmerTTan rac

miRwevadia mxolod imaTTvis vinc gadalaxa vnebebi maSasadame praqsisi

da Teoria romelsac iyenebs kidec teqstSi ioane sineli aris

morwmunis sulier cxovrebaSi ori Tanmimdevruli etapi (kordoCkini 2003

22-24) bdquoaRmca-vfrindi saqmisa mier (πρᾶξις) da ganvisuene xedvisa mier

(θεωρία) da simdablisardquo (sineli 1965 56)

andrei kordoCkinis azriT kibis struqtura gvTavazobs sulieri

cxovrebis etapobriv Tanmimdevrul progress magram misi safexurebi

ar unda gavigoT rogorc mkacrad gansazRvrul-dadgenili

Tanmimdevroba miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli axasiaTebs calkeul

safexurebs gvaCvenebs mis mimarTebas winamaval an momdevno safexurTan

es ar gamoricxavs am vnebebis da saTnoebebis erTmaneTis paralelurad

daZlevisa an mopovebis perspeqtivas ubralod amgvari struqtura

miuTiTebs rom sulier cxovrebaSi progresi etapobrivi procesia da

SeuZlebelia mTliani kibis erTbaSad avla magaliTad safexuri locvis

Sesaxeb romelic moTavsebuliა teqstis dasasrulisken ar gulisxmobs

imas rom morwmunem ar unda ilocos ufro adreul safexurebzec

zogierT vnebasTan (magaliTad rogoricaa nayrovaneba) brZola ki

saWiroa yvela safexurze (kordoCkini 2003 27-28)

amrigad rogorc vxedavT saTnoebiTa kibis kompoziciur wyobasa

da struqturas specialur literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba

gamouwvevia sxvaze metad sarwmunoa andrei kordoCkinis mosazreba rom

Txzulebis kompoziciis safexureobrivi sistema pirobiTia da is

58

gamoyenebulia sulieri aRmasvlis rogorc etapobrivi procesis Cvenebis

mizniT vfiqrob nawarmoebis pirvel da bolo TavebSi marTlac ikveTeba

garkveuli kanonzomiereba (vgulisxmob Sesaval Tavebs sadac saubaria

samonastro cxovrebisTvis aucilebel sabaziso saTnoebebze ndash soflidan

gasvlasa da misdami gulgrilobaze da bolo Tavebs sulieri

srulyofisa da RmerTTan SeerTebis mdgomareobaze) rac Seexeba

danarCen safexurebs maTi dayofa erTmniSvnelovnad saTnoebebis

mopovebis an mankierebebis daZlevis mixedviT marTebulad ar meCveneba

saqme isaa rom konkretuli vnebis daZleva TavisTavSi gulisxmobs

Sesabamisi am vnebis sapirispiro saTnoebis mopovebasac rasac mxars

uWers saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti nawarmoebis amgvari gaazreba erTi

safexuris sazRvrebSi moaqcevs aramarto konkretul mankierebasTan

brZolas aramed am mankierebis daZlevis gziT misi opoziciuri

saTnoebis mopovebasac ase magaliTad safexuri romelic miZRvnilia

ulmobelobisTvis aseve gulisxmobs lmobierebis mopovebasac romelic

miiRweva ulmobelobis vnebis daZleviT igive suraTia saTnoebaTaTvis

miZRvnil safexurebSic avtori erTsa da imave safexurSi gvaZlevs ormag

instruqcias ndash konkretuli saTnoebis mopovebisa da am saTnoebis

sapirispiro vnebasTan brZolis saSualebebze sainteresoa rom rig

SemTxvevebSi dasaTaurebaSic Cans es niuansi kalistos ueari mosazrebas

imis Taobaze rom saTnoebaTa kibeSi vnebebisadmi miZRvnil safexurTa

raodenoba Warbobs safexurebs saTnoebebze pasuxobs im Tavebze

miTiTebiT romelTa saTaurSive asaxula opoziciuri ndash vneba-saTnoeba ndash

wyvili kerZod merve safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀοργησίας καὶ πραότητος (misive

urisxvelobisaTAcircs da simSvidisa) meTerTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ πολυλογίας καὶ

σιωπῆς (Tqmuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi dumilisaTAcircs da mraval-

metyuelebisa) meTxuTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀφθάρτου ἐν φθαρτοῖς ἐκ καμάτων καὶ

ἱδρώτων ἁγνείας καὶ σοφροςύνης (misive uxrwnelisaTAcircs gaxrwnadTa Soris

SromaTagan da oflTa siwmidisaTAcircs da mrTelcnobobisa) (ueari 1982 14)

da sxva

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri beri sofroniusisa da arqimandrit

egnates mier gamocemul teqstebsa da meTiu raderis teqstSi

59

gansxvavebulia meTiu raderis teqstSi es safexuri miZRvnilia

vercxlismoyvareobisadmi (Περὶ φιλαργυρίας) xolo sofroniosisa da

arqimandrit egnates gamocemebis XVI TavSi gaerTianebulia meTiu

raderis teqstis momdevno XVII safexuric (Περὶ ἀκτημοςύνης)

(upovarebisaTvis) rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs eqvTime aTonelis

petre gelaTelis da ioane petriwis Targmanebi TavTa TanmimdevrobiT

mihyvebian meTiu raderis teqsts anu calk-calkea gamoyofili

vercxlismoyvareobisa da upovarebisadmi miZRvnili safexurebi am mxriv

sainteresoa anton kaTalikosis teqsti romelic XVI TavSi

gaerTianebulia aRniSnuli safexurebi (angarebisaTAcircs ese

upovarebisaTAcircs) rTuli saTqmelia ra motiviT cvlis anton kaTalikosi

TavTa Tanmimdevrobas (am msjelobas kidev ufro arTulebs is faqti rom

Cven xelT ar gvaqvs kritikulad dadgenili berZnuli teqsti romelSic

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneboda xelnawerTa sakmarisi raodenoba)

SesaZlebelia igi Tematurad awyvilebs am or Tavs Cem mier zemoT

Camoyalibebuli principis Tanaxmad (TiToeuli safexuri moicavs

rogorc vnebasTan brZolas aseve saTnoebebis mopovebasac da piriqiT)

faqtia rom sofroniosisa da arqimandrit egnates teqstebi antons xelT

ar eqneboda radganac SedarebiT gviandeli gamocemebia magram

dasaSvebia rom xelT hqonoda sxva rame saerTo wyaro

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis safexurebis sistematizacia

rogorc vnebebTan brZola da saTnoebebis mopoveba pirobiTia ZiriTadad

konkretuli safexuris mxolod dasaTaurebas eyrdnoba da ar

iTvaliswinebs Sinaarsobriv mxares Sesabamisad viRebT teqstis

kompoziciis meqanikur (mxolod saTauris doneze) gaazrebas rasac

ewinaaRmdegeba teqstis mTliani semantika

nawarmoebis struqturuli Taviseburebis kidev erTi Cemi azriT

mniSvnelovani sakiTxia saTnoebaTa kibis Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mosazreba zarinis (Зарин СМ) azriT safexuridan

safexurze gadasvlisas xSirad rTulia logikuri Tu fsiqologiuri

Tanmimdevrulobis danaxva da arc safexurebs Soris sazRvaria mkacrad

dadgenili (popova 201133) sxva mosazrebiT ki teqtis agebulebas

safuZvlad udevs mkacri logikuri Tanmimdevrulobis gancda da mis

60

saerTo kompoziciaSi devs sulieri aRmasvlis idea (proxorovi 1985 254)

ioane sineli iesos cxovrebis wlebis analogiiT Seqmnili nawarmoebis

kompoziciaSi mkveTrad mijnavs safexurebs erTmaneTisgan da

amavdroulad kravs maT erT mTlianobad rogorc wesi maRalmxatvruli

saxeebis saSualebiT da nawarmoebis mTavar ideaze (swrafva nebis

srulyofilebisken) daqvemdebarebiT amaSi mdgomareobs avtoris didi

damsaxureba da nawarmoebis kompoziciis originaloba (popova 2011 34-35)

teqsti aCvenebs sulieri cxovrebis gansxvavebul aspeqtebs maT

urTierTkavSirSi ioane sineli erTi mxriv saubrobs calkeul vnebebsa

da saTnoebebze da meore mxriv ganixilavs maT warmoSobas safuZvels

an kidev Sedegs da gvaZlevs erTgvar instruqciebs

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoriisa da saTnoebaTa kibis safexurebis

semantikuri urTierTmimarTebis problemis ganxilvis Semdeg Cven winaSe

aranakleb saintereso sakiTxebi wamoiWreba ra urTierTmimarTebebs

amyareben saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebi rogoria maTi

struqtura amJRavneben Tu ara gansxvavebebs Cven xelT arsebul berZnul

teqstebTan

rogorc aRvniSneT saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime aToneliseuli

Targmanis ena sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs

profesor meri cincaZes (cincaZe 1965) igi sxva problemur sakiTxebTan

erTad exeba qarTuli Targmanis struqturul Taviseburebebsac mokled

Camovayalibeb am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil

arsebiT struqturul gansxvavebebs mines krebulSi dabeWdil berZnul

teqstsa da eqvTime aToneliseul Targmans Soris

berZnul teqstSi calke XXIII Tavad aris gamoyofili Περὶ τῆς

ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας (ampartavanebisaTvis) romelic sinadvileSi unda iyos

XXII Tavis Semadgeneli nawili sadac saubaria cudad-mzuaobrobaze anu

qedmaRlobaze (Περὶ τῆς πολυμόρφου κενοδιξίας) ioane sineli teqstSic

miuTiTebs rom ampartavneba da cudad-mzuaobroba mas erT vnebad miaCnia

amitom mosalodnelia rom avtori mas calke ar gamoyofda XXIII Tavi

sadac Setanilia aRniSnuli nawili dasaTaurebulia Semdegnairad

gamouTqumelTa gulis-sityuaTaTAcircs gmobisaTa mkvlevari fiqrobs rom es

Semdegdroindel gadamwerTa Secdoma unda iyos rasac eqvTime aToneli

61

qarTul TargmanSi asworebs da XXII TavSi aerTianebs orive nawils es

ldquoSecdomardquo petre gelaTelsac aqvs SeniSnuli Tumca mainc misdevs

berZnul teqsts da aRniSnuli Tavi XXIII safexurSi Seaqvs eqvTime

aTonelis anderZSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs ldquoTavni viTarca aqa iyvnen egre

dasxeniT rameTu meca viTarca mipovnian egreT damisxnian yovelni

wiTliTardquo ndash swored am anderZis safuZvelze mkvlevari askvnis rom

romeliRac berZnul xelnawerSi romliTac eqvTime aToneli

sargeblobda Tavebis mimdevroba ar iyo areuli (cincaZe 1965 45-47)

aRniSnuli faqti erTi mxriv uaRresad mniSvnelovania TviT berZnuli

teqstis rekonstuqciisaTvisac radganac eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis

struqtura ar misdevs Cven xelT arsebul aqamde gamocemul arc erT

berZnul teqsts da aSkarad eyrdnoba XI saukuneSi arsebul gansxvavebul

xelnawers (an xelnawerebs) meore mxriv eqvTime aToneli aSkarad

miuTiTebs rom mas xelT aqvs dedani romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba

isevea organizebuli rogorc mis teqstSi amasTanave eqvTimes

SeniSvnidan isic irkveva rom man icis sxva berZnuli teqstis arsebobis

Sesaxeb romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba sxvagvaria rom ara avtoris

remarka SesaZloa eqvTime aToneliseuli saTnoebaTa kibis struqturis

ldquogadaxrardquo Cven xelT arsebuli berZnuli teqstebisgan agvexsna rogorc

eqvTime aTonelis Taviseburi mTargmnelobiTi meTodi bevr SemTxvevaSi

specialur literaturaSi gavrcelebuli mosazreba eqvTime aTonelis

mTargmnelobiT meTodTan dakavSirebiT (kleba-metebis principi) eyrdnoba

misi Targmanebis arakritikul teqstTan Sedarebis safuZvelze miRebul

daskvnebs ukanasknelma kvlevebma kerZod ki profesor elguja

xinTibiZis specialurma gamokvlevam eqvTime aTonelis ori Targmanis

berZnul teqstTan mimarTebis Taobaze gamoavlina is meTodologiuri

Secdoma rac eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis arakritikul berZnul

teqstTan Sedarebisas iCens Tavs (xinTibiZe 1969144-151) am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT aseve sagulisxmoa teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa sakiTxi

eqvTime aTonelis teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa Seswavlis safuZvelze

m cincaZe gamoavlens qarTul teqstSi sqolioebs romelTac berZnulSi

Sesatyvisi ar moepovebaT mkvlevris azriT qarTvel mTargmnels xelT

hqonia sqolioTa sxva variantebi misive SeniSvniT eqvTime aTonelis

62

Targmans berZnuli teqstisgan gansxvavebul zogierT adgilSi gverdSi

udgas petre gelaTelis redaqciac am faqtze dayrdnobiT mkvlevari

askvnis rom am ori Targmanis erTnairi adgilebi romliTac isini

Sordebian berZnuls saeWvoa rom gaCeniliyo orive mTargmnelTan

erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad SesaZloa ori varaudis daSveba a) maTi

wyaroa romeliRac sxva berZnuli xelnaweri gansxvavebuli im

xelnawerebisgan romelic safuZvlad daedo meTiu raderis teqsts b)

SesaZloa petre gelaTeli Targmanis procesSi iSveliebda eqvTime

aTonelis redaqcias g) zogierTi adgilis mixedviT ki romlebiTac

eqvTime aTonelis Targmani Sordeba berZnul versias (Sesabamisad petre

gelaTelis teqstsac) SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom qarTveli mTargmnelebi

sxvadasxva berZnuli xelnawerebidan Targmnidnen teqsts (cincaZe 1965 55)

sadisertacio naSromis sxva Tavebis (struqtura stili terminologia

simbolika) saWiroebidan gamomdinare petre gelaTelis teqstis meTiu

raderis teqstTan mimarTebis kvlevam gamoavlina rom mTargmneli

TiTqmis sityvasityviT mihyveba berZnul dedans amdenad ar arsebobs

safuZveli vifiqroT rom mas xelT hqonda meTiu raderis teqstisgan

gansxvavebuli xelnaweri ufro savaraudoa rom petre gelaTeli

icnobda eqvTime aTonelis teqsts da SigadaSig (mag sqolioebis

SemTxvevaSi) sargeblobda kidec

rac Seexeba poetur Targmanebs isini met struqturul

Taviseburebas iCenen

saTnoebaTa kibis mesame safexurSi Περὶ ξενιτείας (ucxoebisaTvis)

ioane sinels Seutania swavleba sizmarTa Sesaxeb da gamouyvia igi

calke qveTavad (Περὶ ἐνυπνίων ἀκολουθούντων εἰσαιγογικοῖς) numeraciis gareSe

asea qarTul prozaul TargmanebSic eqvTime aToneli ndash ucxoebisaTAcircs

romelsa Sina ityAcircs sizmarTaTAcircsca cudTa petre gelaTeli ndash misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs (sizmarTaTAcircs sizmarTami SedgomilTaTAcircs SeyvanebadTaAacutesa

anton kaTalikosiseul poetur variantSi sizmarTaTvis gamoyofilia

calke damoukidebel Tavad romelsac iseve rogorc sxva Tavebs win

uZRvis anton kaTalikosis Sesavali kidurwerilobiT gaformebuli

originali strofi xolo safexuri moicavs sxva Tavebis msgavsad aT

iambur strofs anu anton kaTalikosi am Tavs qmnis rogorc

63

damoukidebel srulfasovan safexurs da mosalodneli iyo kidec rom

igi gamoeyo Semdeg meoTxe safexurad Tumca avtori aRniSnul Tavs

numeracias ar aniWebs da Semdeg meoTxe safexurad tovebs Tavs

morCilebisaTvis wmidisa iseve rogorc es prozaul TargmanebSi da

berZnul teqstebSia amitom Tavebis mimdevroba SenarCunebulia da

mihyveba berZnul da qarTul prozaul teqstebs anton kaTalikosisgan

gansxvavebiT ioane petriwiseul saTnoebaTa kibeSi sizmarTaTAcircs calke

meoTxe safexurad aris gamoyofili amitomac Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

gansxvavebulia sxva yvela danarCeni teqstisgan es gansxvaveba swordeba

teqstSi mecxre ndash meaTe Tavebis ZAcircris-AtildesenebisaTAcircs da ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs

gaerTianebiT erTi saTauris ndash ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs qveS amgvarad berZnul

da naTargmn teqstebSi calk-calke gamoyofili ori sxvadasxva

safexuris gaerTianebiT avtori asworebs TavTa mimdevrobas (romelic

airia sizmarTa Sesaxeb Tavis calke gamoyofiT) danarCeni teqstebis

mixedviT

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri Περὶ φιλαργυρίας rogorc zemoT ukve

aRiniSna ioane sinels miuZRvnia vercxlismoyvareobisaTvis asea es

Txzulebis qarTul variantebSic anton kaTalikoss ki am TavSi

angarebisaTAcircs ese gauerTianebia Semdegi safexuric ndash upovarebisaTAcircs

msgavsad beri sofroniusis da arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli

teqstebisa samagierod calk-calke Tavebad (XXI-XXII Tavebi) dauyvia

cuddideboba da zesTmCenobisaTAcircs rogorc zemoT vnaxeT eqvTime

aToneli am or Tavs aerTianebs petre gelaTelTan ki zesTmCenobisaTAcircs

Setanilia Semdeg XXIII safexurSi (misive gamouTqumelTaTAcircs

gulissityuaTa gmobisaTa) iseve rogorc patrologia grekaSi dabeWdil

berZnul teqstSi Περὶ τῆς ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας ἐν ῷ καὶ περὶ ἀκαθάρτων λογισμῶν τῆς

βλασφημίας anton kaTalikosis teqsti am SemTxvevaSi bolomde arc petre

gelaTelis Targmans misdevs igi samive Tavs calk-calke gamohyofs XXI

Tavi ndash cuddideboba XXII ndash zesTmCenobisaTAcircs XXIII ndash gmobisaTvis aqve

unda SevniSnoT rom antoniseuli teqstis safexurebis Tanmimdevroba am

SemTxvevaSic misdevs sofroniusis teqsts sadac aseve calk-calkea

gamoyofili samive zemoT aRniSnuli safexuri amdenad antonis teqstis

struqtura zustad emTxveva sofroniusis mier konstantinepolSi

64

dabeWdili da arqimandrit egnates mier gadamuSavebuli teqstebis

struqturas zemoT ukve aRvniSne rom es teqstebi gviandeli periodisaa

rac gamoricxavs antonisgan aRniSnuli gamocemebis codnas maSasadame

antoniseuli teqstis struqturaze msjelobisas SesaZlebelia ori

varaudis daSveba 1) antoni azrobrivad awyobs safexurebis

Tanmimdevrobas kerZod aerTianebs XVI-XVII safexurebs romelic

miZRvnilia angarebisa da upovarebisaTvis Tematurad am safexurebis

gaerTianeba aSkarad logikuria radgan ioane sineli sxva SemTxvevaSi ar

yofs calk-calke Tavebad saTnoebas da am saTnoebis sapirispiro vnebas

magaliTad nayrovanebisadmi miZRvnil safexurSi igi saubrobs marxvis

saTnoebazec da calke ar gamoyofs marxvis safexurs da aS rac Seexeba

XXI XXII XXIII Tavebs zesTmCenobis Sesaxeb safexuris gamoyofa

gmobisadmi miZRvnili safexurisgan bunebrivad Cans xolo

cuddidebobisa da zesTmCenobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna SesaZloa

avtors dasWirda cota zemoT darRveuli TavTa raodenobis aRsadgenad

raTa jamSi mieRo 30 safexuri 2) savsebiT dasaSvebia aseve rom anton

kaTalikoss xelT hqonoda CvenTvis ucnobi rame sxva wyaro romelSic

TavTa Tanmimdevroba swored ise iqneboda organizebuli rogorc man da

cota mogvianebiT am teqstis gamomcemlebma berma sofroniusma da

arqimandritma egnatem daalages aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom Cem mier

Catarebulma specialurma kvlevam anton kaTalikosis teqstis ZiriTad

wyarod gamoavlina petre gelaTelis Targmani (aseve icnobs da zog

SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba eqvTime aTonelis da ioane petriwis teqstebsac)

amdenad Tuki davuSvebT rom anton kaTalikoss xelT hqonda rame sxva

wyaro savaraudod igi gamouyenebia oden Tavisi teqstis struqturuli

organizebisaTvis

naTqvamis sailustraciod da ukeT aRsaqmelad aqve gTavazobT

erTgvar sqemas ndash paralelurad dalagebul saanalizo TavTa saTaurebs

berZnul teqstebsa da qarTul TargmanebSi

eqvTime

aToneli

petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

ioane

petriwi

Patrologiae

Cursus

Completus

Series Graeca

Vol 88

65

1

a

b 1

a soflisa

amis

amaoAacutesa

ganSorebis

aTAcircs

gamosvlisaTAcircs

sofliT

sofliT

gamosvlasag

an

gamosvlis

aTAcircs

sofliT

ese

Περὶ ἀποταγῆς

Βίου

2

bsiZulvili

saTAcircs

soflisa da

saqmeTa

misTa

misive

umzrunvelobisa

TAcircs

uzrunvelo

bisaTvis

ar

siyuaruli

saTAcircs

soflisa

Περὶ

ἀπροσπαθείας

ἤγουν ἀλυπίας

3

g

ucxoebisaTAcirc

s

romelsa

Sina ityAcircs

sizmarTaTAcircs

ca

cudTa

misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs

(sizmarTaTAcircs

sizmarTami

SedgomilTaTAcircs

SeyvanebadTaAacutesa)

ucxoebisaT

vis

ucxoebisa

TAcircs

Περὶ ξενιτείας

Περὶ ἐνυπνίων

ἀκολουθούντ

ων

εἰσαγωγικοῖς

sizmarTaTv

is

4

S) wamebis

a

misTAcircs

romeli

iqmnebis

morCilebisa

meoTxe

aRsavali

netarisaTAcircs da

maradis

Atildesenebulisa

morCilebisa

4 Tavi ndash

morCilebis

aTvis

wmidisa

sizmarTaT

Acircs

Περὶ τῆς

μακαρίας καὶ

ἀειμνήστου

ὑπακοῆς

66

mier

5

e

sinanulisa

TAcircs

romelsa

Sina ityAcircs

dilegisa

misTAcircs

misive mexuTe

aRsavali

sinanulisaTAcircs

zrunvilisa da

WeSmaritisa

gancxadebulad

sinanulisa

Tvis es

morCilebi

saTAcircs es

Περὶ

μετανοίας

μεμεριμνημέν

ης καὶ

ἐναργοῦς ἐν ᾖ

καὶ Βίος τῶν

ἁγίων

καταδίκων καὶ

περὶ τῆς

φυλακῆς

6

v

AtildesenebisaTAcirc

s

sikudilisa

misive

AtildesenebisaTAcircs

sikudilisa

xsenebisa

sikudilisa

sinanulis

aTAcircs ese

arisve

Περὶ μνήμης

θανάτου

7

z codvaTa

ganmwmedel

isa

gloisaTAcircs

misive

sixarulis

moqmedisa

gloisaTAcircs

glovisaTAcircs

AtildesenebisaT

Acircs

sikudilis

a

Περὶ τοῦ

χαροποιοῦ

πένθους

8

Agrave

urisxvelob

isaTAcircs

misive

urisxvelobisa

TAcircs da

simSvidisa

urisxuelob

isaTvis

glovisaTAcirc

s

Περὶ

ἀοργησίας καὶ

πραότητος

9

T

Zacircris-

AtildesenebisaTAcirc

s

misive

ZAcircrisAtildesenebisaT

Acircs

TAcircs

Zacircrisxsenebi

sa

urisxvel

obisaTAcircs

Περὶ

μνησικακίας

i

Zacircris-

misive

ZAcircriszraxvisaT

Zacircriszraxvi

sa

Zacircris-

zraxvisaT

Περὶ

καταλαλιᾶς

3

Tavi VI

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis mniSvneloba bizantiuri da

qarTuli filologiisTvis -----------------------------------------------------------------------175

ZiriTadi daskvnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------185

gamoyenebuli literatura -------------------------------------------------------------------------188

4

Sesavali

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis asketur-mistikuri

xasiaTis erT-erTi yvelaze srulyofili da popularuli zneobrivi

saxelmZRvaneloa masSi gamokveTilia yvela is fundamenturi eTikuri

principi romelic antikuri xanidan moyolebuli araerTi didi

moazrovnis yuradRebis centrSi moqceula xolo qristianobam axali

SinaarsiT ganmsWvala srulyo mTlian sistemad Camoayaliba rogorc

axali koncefcia da adamianuri qcevis normad gamoacxada

nawarmoebi Targmnilia qristianuli mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis

yvela enaze (bezaraSvili 1987 129) qarTulad ki teqstis eqvsi redaqcia

Camoyalibda romelTagan sruli saxiT SemorCenilia ori prozauli

Targmani ndash eqvTime aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis da ori poeturi

gadamuSaveba ndash ioane petriwisa da anton kaTalikosis

problemis aqtualoba Sua saukuneebis sulier kulturaSi

saTnoebaTa kibis did mniSvnelobasa da aqtualobaze metyvelebs

sxvadasxva enaze Sesrulebuli mravalricxovani Targmani da xelnawerTa

simravle Zveli avtorebi saTnoebaTa kibes imdenad maRal Sefasebas

aZlevdnen rom mas mose winaswarmetyvelis dekalogs adarebdnen da

masze aRmatebul teqstadac ki warmoaCendnen ldquoda gardamoAtildeda axali igi

RmTis-mxilveli Cuenda momarT gonebiTa mTiT siniT da gAcircCuenna Cuen

manca RmrTiv-werilni igi ficarnirdquo (sineli 1965 13) an kidev ldquoerTiTa

oden ara iqmna msgavs (ioane sineli) mosesa rameTu ara moiwia mis zeda

verSeslvaAacute zecisa mas ierusalAgravemsa viTar-igi mose queyanasa ierusalAgravemsa

ver Sevidardquo (sineli 1965 13) - wers ioane sinelze misi biografi daniel

raiTeli

ioane sinelis Txzuleba aranakleb popularulia Sua saukuneebis

qarTul sulier kulturaSi am teqstisadmi interesi ar cxreba

saukuneebis manZilze ndash preaTonuri periodidan vidre gvian Sua

saukuneebamde Txzulebis ukanaskneli anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi

redaqcia XVIII saukuneSi Seiqmna aRsaniSnavia rom nawarmoebis Targmna-

gadamuSavebaze muSaobdnen epoqis yvelaze avtoritetuli qarTveli

5

moRvaweebi eqvTime aToneli ioane petriwi petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT Sua saukuneebis qarTveli

swavlulebi ecnobodnen ara marto sakuTriv am didmniSvnelovan teqsts

aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac romliTac ioane sineli

sargeblobs aRniSnuli wyaroebi romlebic organulad aris CarTuli

ioane sinelis teqstis mTlian qsovilSi (Sesabamisad mis qarTul

TargmanebSic) rig SemTxvevaSi wyaros avtorze miTiTebiTac ki axali

codniT avsebs da amdidrebs qarTul kulturul da saazrovno sivrces

amrigad sakvlevi problemis aqtualobas gansazRvravs Sesaswavli

teqstebis mniSvneloba kerZod is rom maT Rrma kvali datoves Sua

saukuneebis qarTul mxatvrul-filosofiur azrovnebaze

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria saTnoebaTa kibis nusxebis simravlem

mravali filologiuri problema warmoSva TviT originalis kvlevis

procesSi da ar aris SemTxveviTi rom saTnoebaTa kibis didi

popularobis miuxedavad ar arsebobs teqstis kritikuli gamocema

berZnul enazec ki Ggamocemuli ar aris arc qarTuli prozauli

Targmanebis kritikuli teqstebi Tumca prof meri cincaZis

sadisertacio naSroms - ldquoioane sinelis klemaqsis eqvTimeseuli Targmani

da misi enardquo (cincaZe 1965) - danarTis saxiT axlavs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis kritikulad dadgenili teqsti romelic ramdenime ZiriTad

xelnawers emyareba mkvlevari gamosacemad amzadebs aseve petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis kritikul teqsts prof m cincaZes

sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis enasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi orTografiul-

fonetikuri Taviseburebani berZnul-qarTuli fonetikuri Sesatyvisobani

morfologia sintaqsi agreTve Targmanis xelnawerebi urTierToba

nusxaTa Soris eqvTimes mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebebi

naSromSi Sedarebulia klemaqsis qarTuli da berZnuli redaqciebi maTi

Sedgenilobis mixedviT m cincaZes aseve Seswavlili aqvs petre

gelaTeliseul Targmanis enobrivi mxare winamdebare naSromSi

citatebs vimowmebT petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis mis mier dadgenili

6

teqstidan ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqcia

gamosca mkvlevarma ivane lolaSvilma teqsts Tan axlavs vrceli

winasityvaoba sadac mecnieri farTod mimoixilavs ioane petriwis

biografiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs mis saliteraturo moRvaweobas

filosofiur-Teologiur msoflmxedvelobas da am WrilSi saTnoebaTa

kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciis ramdenime pasaJs iv lolaSvilis

azriT teqstis gelaTuri Targmanis avtoric ioane petriwia xolo

petre gelaTels ekuTvnis mxolod ori iambiko romelSic Seqebulia

ioane sineli da klemaqsis mTargmneli ioane petriwi (petriwi 1968 65) k

kekeliZes gelaTuri Targmanis avtorad petre gelaTeli miaCnda ioane

petriwis avtorobis sakiTxs ar iziarebs arc e WeliZe romelic

specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis Sedegad askvnis rom aRniSnuli

teqstis mTargmneli petre gelaTelia (WeliZe 1996 674) aRsaniSnavia

aseve i abulaZis Sroma ldquorusTavelis xanis qarTulidan naTargmni Zveli

somxuri mwerlobis Zeglebirdquo sadac Seswavlilia saTnoebaTa kibis

somxuri Targmani romelic mkvlevris azriT ori qarTuli prozauli

Targmanis (eqvTime aToneli petre gelaTeli) monacemebs emyareba da maTi

Sejerebis Sedegadaa somxurad naTargmni (abulaZe 1938 129-130)

ukanasknel wlebSi aRmoCnda grigol nazianzelis TxzulebebSi CarTuli

saTnoebaTa kibis kidev erTi gansxvavebuli redaqciis fragmentebi

romelic q bezaraSvilma gamoaqveyna manve Seiswavla teqstTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi (bezaraSvili 1989 142-163) ioane sinelis anton

kaTalikosiseuli varianti gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam

kvlevaSi avtori ZiriTadad mimoixilavs anton kaTalikosis

literaturul stilsa da msoflmxedvelobas (kukava 1996)

naSromis sagani mizani amocanebi sadisertacio naSromis sagania

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli sakiTxebi cxadia Cvens gamokvlevas

Targmanebis raodenobisa da saanalizo sakiTxTa moculobis

gaTvaliswinebiT yvela problemis amomwuravad gaSuqebis pretenzia ar

gaaCnia naSromSi SemovifargleT TargmanebTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi

sakiTxebis SeswavliT mniSvnelovani aqcentebis dasmiTa da samomavlod

Sesaswavli problematikis identifikaciiT Sesabamisad SevecadeT

7

gagveanalizebina is ZiriTadi sakiTxebi rac teqstis kvlevis am etapze

CavTvaleT aucileblad vimedovnebT winamdebare naSromi xels Seuwyobs

ioane sinelis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebis Seswavlis sxva axal etapze

gadasvlas da momavali ufro srulyofili kvlevebisTvis safuZvlis

momzadebas

sadisertacio naSromis wyaroebi kvlevis ZiriTadi wyaroebia

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli redaqciebi esenia eqvTime

aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis prozauli Targmanebi da ioane

petriwiseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi gadamuSavebani aseve

meTiu raderisa da paraklitis monastris mier momzadebuli berZnuli

teqstebi saTnoebaTa kibis slavuri da inglisuri Targmanebi garda

amisa Targmanebis kvlevis procesSi naSromis ama Tu im nawilis

mizandasaxulobidan gamomdinarე wyarod gamoyenebulia antikuri

filosofiis Zeglebi da Sua saukuneebis saRvTismetyvelo literatura

naSromis Teoriuli baza naSromis Teoriul bazas warmoadgens

Tanamedrove medievistikasa da Targmanis TeoriaSi farTod

aprobirebuli da damkvidrebuli Teoriuli principebi qarTul

literaturaTmcodneobaSi Camoyalibebuli Zveli qarTuli originaluri

Tu naTargmni teqstebis kvlevis mdidari gamocdileba agreTve ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis aRiarebuli ucxoeli Tu qarTveli

mkvlevrebis kalistos uearis tatiana popovas Aandrei kordoCkinis

ivane lolaSvilis meri cincaZis qeTevan bezaraSvilisa da sxvaTa

naSromebi

meTodologia naSromSi sakvlevi obieqtis sirTulisa da

specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoyenebulia kompleqsuri midgoma

tradiciul da Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneobaSi aprobirebuli

kvlevis xerxebisa da meTodebis erToblioba kerZod aRweriTi meTodi -

kompetenturi da konteqsturi analizis gamoyenebiT komparativistuli ndash

genetikuri da tipologiuri midgomebiT struqturul-semiotikuri

sinqronuli da diaqronuli aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT agreTve

hermenevtikuli meTodi calkeul sakiTxTa analizisTvis mivmarTavT

interdisciplinuri kvlevis meTods

8

mecnieruli siaxle dRemde saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul TargmanebTan

dakavSirebuli problematika Seswavlilia romelime erTi redaqciis

gaTvaliswinebiT winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens ioane sinelis

saTnoebaTa kibis oTxi sruli redaqciis kompleqsuri literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli analizis mcdelobas kerZod masSi

ganxilulia saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis problema interteqsturi

mimarTebebi qarTuli redaqciebis struqturuli da stiluri analizi da

maTi mimarTeba berZnul teqstebTan poeturi teqstebis versifikaciuli

Tavisebureba qarTuli Targmanebis simbolika da poeturi teqstebis

originalur CanarTebSi gamoyenebul simboloTa analizi teqstebis

ZiriTadi filosofiuri terminologia antoniseuli gadamuSavebis

mimarTeba manamde arsebul redaqciebTan CamoTvlil sakiTxTagan nawili

aqamde sruliad Seuswavleli iyo xolo zogierTi maTgani ki rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT Seswavlili iyo romelime erT redaqciaze dayrdnobiT

naSromis mecnieruli da praqtikuli Rirebuleba masalis analizi

kvlevis Sedegebi da daskvnebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas ioane sinelis

teqstis misi qarTuli Targmanebis Semdgomi Seswavlis dros Zveli

qarTuli literaturis saleqcio kursebisa da speckursebis swavlebaSi

9

Tavi I

saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis qristianuli azrovnebis

konteqstSi

sadisertacio naSromis winamdebare TavSi mimovixilav ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad sakiTxebs romelTa

gaTvaliswinebis gareSe SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis

rolisa da adgilis gansazRvra

saTnoebaTa kibis avtorze informacias gvawvdis misi Tanamedrove

raiTis monastris beri danieli romlis mier dawerili ioane sinelis

cxovreba win uZRvis teqsts (Βίος ἐν ἐπιτομῇ τοῦ ἀββᾶ Ἰωάννου τοῦ ἡγουμένου τοῦ

ἁγίου ὅρους Σινᾶ τοῦ ἐπίκλην σχολαστικοῦ τοῦ ἐν ἁγίοις ὡς ἀληθῶς Συγγραφεὶς παρἀ Δανιὴλ

μοναχοῦ lsquoΡαιθηνοῦ ἀνδρὸς τιμίου καὶ ἐναρέτου PG Vol 88 596A) Teqvsmeti wlis

yofila ioane roca Sesula sinas monasterSi aqedan igi wasula

gandegilad sinelma berebma ioane gamoiwvies gandegilobidan da airCies

TavianT winamZRvrad sinas monasterSi moRvaweobis gamomxatvelia ioanes

wodeba ldquosinelirdquo misi ganaTlebisa da swavlulebis aRmniSvnelia

zedwodeba ldquosqolastikosirdquo xolo nawarmoebis mixedviT romlis

saTauric berZnulad JRers rogorc Κλίμαξ τοῦ παραδείσου (laT Scala Paradisi

ndash samoTxis kibe) igi xSirad iwodeba ldquoklemaqsadacrdquo (cincaZe 1965 1-2)

ioane sinelis biografia ar Seicavs konkretul TariRebs amitom dRemde

gaurkvevelia misi moRvaweobis zusti periodi amis Sesaxeb mecnierTa

Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa erTni fiqroben rom igi daaxloebiT 579-649

wlebSi moRvaweobda (nau 1902 35-37) meoreni misi moRvaweobis TariRs

kidev ufro ukan sweven da daaxloebiT 525-600 wlebiT SemosazRvraven

(sakosi 1964 180) sxvebi kidev Tvlian rom igi VII saukunis 70-80-ian

wlebSia gardacvlili (beki 1959 451)

rac Seexeba uSualod teqsts saTnoebaTa kibeSi Tavmoyrilia

ZiriTadi qristianuli eTikuri principebi teqsti Sedgeba 30 Tavisgan

(simbolurad ganasaxierebs qristes cxovrebis wlebs naTlisRebamde)

bibliuri iakobis xilvis miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibis

analogiiT ioane sineli safexureobriv struqturas iyenebs raTa

10

aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi ldquosaTnoebani wmidani msgavs arian

kibesa mas romeli ixila iakob rameTu SemdgomiTi Semdgomad SeslviTa

maT Sina aRamaRleben kacsa cadmderdquo (sineli 1965 202) TiToeuli

safexuris gadalaxva romelic gulisxmobs calkeuli vnebis daZlevasa

da saTnoebis mopovebas an piriqiT dakavSirebulia individis nebisyofasa

da gaunelebel brZolisunarianobasTan

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema dRemde ar arsebobs met-naklebad ukeTesad miiCneva

meTiu raderis (Matthew Rader) mier 1633 wels parizSi dabeWdili teqsti

romelic 1860 wels minem Seitana patrologia grekas (Patrologiae Cursus

Completus Series Graeca) 88-e tomSi (PG Vol 88 596-1209) saTnoebaTa kibis

meTiu raderiseulisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels

konstantinepolSi aTonis mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT

gamosca berma sofroniusma (kordoCkini 2003 14) yvelaze Zveli

axalberZnuli teqsti episkoposma maqsimem 1590 wels gamosca veneciaSi

xolo 1774 wels kvlav venciaSi arqimandritma ieremiam gamosca

saTnoebaTa kibe sqolioebiT aRsaniSnavia aseve parakletis monasterSi

arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli saTnoebaTa kibis axalberZnuli

teqsti romelSic gamomcemeli ukve arsebul gamocemebTan erTad

iTvaliswinebs kidev erT XIV saukunis aTonis mTis xelnawersac

(marTlmadidebluri 2010)

rogorc aRiniSna saTnoebaTa kibe Targmnilia qristianuli

mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis yvela enaze laTinur siriul arabul

eTiopur qarTul somxur slavur (bezaraSvili 1987 129) berZnuli

xelnawerebis mixedviT irkveva rom yvelaze metad bizantiaSi klemaqsi

gavrcelebuli iyo XI saukuneSi XII-XIII saukuneebSi am Zeglis mimarT

interesi SedarebiT Sesustda xolo XIV saukunidan isixasturi kamaTis

dros isev gaizarda (bezaraSvili 1989 145) slavur xelnawerebze

dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSic aseTive suraTi gvaqvs XI saukuneSi Zalze

gavrcelebulia pirveli slavuri Targmanebi (bulgareTSi Sesrulebuli

X-XI saukuneebSi) axali slavuri Targmani (ufro zusti) Sesrulda

serbeTSi XIV saukuneSi XIV-XV saukuneebSi kidev ufro gaizarda

11

interesi ruseTSi klemaqsisadmi XV saukunidan es interesi isev ecema

(bezaraSvili 1989 145) q bezaraSvilis azriT saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul

redaqciebze dakvirvebac msgavs suraTs aCvenebs (bezaraSvili 1989 145)

rogorc aRvniSneT qarTulad Camoyalibda klemaqsis eqvsi

redaqcia

1) X saukunemdeli Semoklebuli (gamokrebili) prozauli versia (mag Sin

14 (gariti 1956) romelic arabulidanaa Targmnili (utie 1973 45)

2) eqvTime aTonelis prozauli versia (X-XI ss) romelic yvelaze meti ndash

27-mde xelnaweriT aris Cvenamde moRweuli (cincaZe 1965 6)1 igi

gamocemulia XX saukunis dasawyisSi (sineli 1902) xolo mogvianebiT

ramdenjerme gamoica axalqarTulad eqvTime aTonelis samecniero

kritikulad dadgenili teqsti ki danarTis saxiT erTvis m cincaZis

disertacias (cincaZe 1965)

3) petre gelaTelis prozauli versia (gamosacemad mzaddeba m cincaZis

mier) romelsac ori Zveli xelnaweriT mouRwevia Cvenamde A-39 (XIV s) da

ufro adrindeli daviT garejSi nikras mier gadawerili nusxa (H-1669)2

romelic cnobili iyo eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis Semcvelad da

XII-XIII saukuneebiT aTariRebdnen (metreveli 1950 96-97) rogorc m

cincaZe arkvevs nusxis dasawyisi da bolo nawilebi marTlac

eqvTimeseul teqsts Seicaven ZiriTadi Sua nawili ki aris petre

gelaTelis Targmani (cincaZe 1965 17) A-39 da H-1669 nusxebs mkvlevris

dakvirvebiT aqvs erTi saerTo wyaro romelmac sxvadasxva gadamweris

xelSi sxvadasxva cvlileba ganicada (cincaZe 1995 42) xelisa da

orTografiuli niSnebis mixedviT H-1669 xelnawers m cincaZe XI-XII

saukuneebiT aTariRebs da svams mTargmnelis petre gelaTelis

moRvaweobis periodis sakiTxs (cincaZe 1965 17) romelic XIII saukunis

moRvawed iyo miCneuli (kekeliZe 1980 331-334) q bezaraSvilis azriT es

faqti ufro gamodgeba saimisod rom aRniSnuli Targmanis avtorad ioane

petriwi miviCnioT (bezaraSvili 1987 130) ioane petriws miiCnevs avtorad

iv lolaSvilic (petriwi 1968 65-68 89) e WeliZe ar iziarebs iv

1 xelnawerebTan dakavSirebiT ix kekeliZe 1927 155 kekeliZe 1957 65

2 sxva xelnawerebi gviandelia S-344 (XVIII s) H-2346 (XVIII s) H-2188 (XIX s) (cincaZe 1995 37)

12

lolaSvilis mosazrebas da specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis

Sedegad askvnis rom mTargmneli petre gelaTelia ldquoaRniSnul TargmanSi

vlindeba sakuTriv gelaTuri (arapetriwiseuli) petriwiseuli da

sruliad axali sakuTriv petre gelaTeliseuli

terminTSesatyvisobanicrdquo (WeliZe 1996 674)

prozauli redaqciebis garda arsebobs saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi

gadamuSavebebic

1) erT aseTs eqvTimeseul Targmanze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebul

leqsiT redaqcias romelic gamosca iv lolaSvilma (petriwi 1968)

tradicia ioane petriws miawers ldquosaxeli iovane aRniSnulia 302-e

strofis kidurwerilobaSic ldquomeox meqmen mamao iovane me ndash iovanes

mosavsa Sensardquo es ioane aris petriwi amas adasturebs literaturuli

tradicia (xelnawerze darTuli anderZebi da XVIII saukunis mweralTa

cnobebi)rdquo (petriwi 1968 94) amdenad radganac teqstis avtoris

dadgenisTvis aucilebeli kvlevebi ar aris Catarebuli da amjerad arc

Cveni kvlevis interesSi Semodis aRniSnul teqsts pirobiTad ioane

petriwiseulad movixseniebT

2) sxva anonimi avtoris mier damuSavebuli grigol nazianzelis

TxzulebebSi CarTuli poeturi redaqciis fragmentebi qeTevan

bezaraSvilma aRmoaCina teqsti gamocemulia Jurnal macneSi da imave

Jurnalis or nomerSi dabeWdilia vrceli gamokvleva teqstis Sesaxeb

(bezaraSvili 1987 129-154 bezaraSvili 1989 142-162) klemaqsis axal

qarTul versias safuZvlad udevs petre gelaTelis Targmani anonimi

frazeologiuri sizustiT misdevs Tavis wyaros mkvlevris azriT es

teqsti romelic moRweulia XVIII-XIX ss xelnawerebiT unda

momdinareobdes adreuli nakluli dednidan romelic Tavis mxriv

xelnaweris prosodiis niSnebis mixedviT petriwuli saliteraturo

skolidan unda iyos gamosuli amasve miuTiTebs teqstis stilic

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-148)

bolo ori leqsiTi redaqcia XVIII saukuneze adrindeli

xelnawerebiT ar aris cnobili isini antonis saliteraturo skolis

interesebma Semogvinaxa (bezaraSvili 1989 143-144) ufro metic

13

3) saTnoebaTa kibis ukanaskneli (XVIII s) da erTgvarad Semajamebeli

redaqcia Tavad anton kaTalikoss ekuTvnis teqsti erTi S-3731

xelnaweris mixedviT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam (kukava

1996)

saTnoebaTa kibe rogorc SesavalSi aRiniSna XIII saukuneSi

uTargmniaT qarTulidan somxurad somxurad am Targmanis ori nusxa

arsebobs erTi XIII saukunis xolo meore mogviano periodis orive

nusxaSi meoce Tavis bolos Senaxulia cnoba am Zeglis somxurad

Targmnis Sesaxeb ldquonaTargmnia aqamomdis wrfelis mowesis minas mesvetis

mier qalaq trapizons xolo aqedan simeon xuces-monazonisagan qarTuli

eniTrdquo simeon xuces-monazons klemaqsis garda qarTulidan somxurad

uTargmnia ioane damaskelis wyaroAacute-codnisaAacute da prokle diadoxosis

kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni ioane petriwis sqolioebiTurT saTnoebaTa

kibis somxur Targmanze dakvirvebis Sedegad i abulaZem gaarkvia rom

sakuTriv teqsti da traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT naTargmnia petre

gelaTelis qarTuli Targmanidan xolo ganmartebebi da daniel

raiTelis mier dawerili ioane sinelis cxovreba misdevs eqvTime

aTonelis Targmans mkvlevris azriT Zeglebi romlebic simeons

uTargmnia somxurad SemTxveviT xelT Cavardnili ar Cans isini

sagangebodaa SerCeuli rogorc metad mimzidveli Txzulebebi saSualo

saukuneebSi (abulaZe 1938 128-133)

zemoT warmodgenili mcire istoriul-literaturuli eqskursis

Semdeg SevexebiT saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad istoriul

da literaturul sakiTxebs romelTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSe rogorc

aRvniSneT SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis rolisa da

adgilis gansazRvra

14

amp 1 moralur-eTikuri principebi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi

cnobilia rom qristianuli eTikis wyaro pirvel rigSi bibliaa

Sesabamisad asketuri praqtika swored bibliis eTikis gansakuTrebuli

simkacriT dacvas gulisxmobsAasketizmi qristianuli kulturis erT-

erTi fundamentia am kulturis nebismieri sferos srulyofilad

Seswavla askezis eTikuri principebis gauTvaliswineblad SeuZlebelia

Tu adre mecniereba asketizms ganixilavda rogorc mxolod uaryofiT

movlenas masSi eZebda sociumTan damokidebulebaSi oden destruqciul

midgomebs individis SemboWav da madeformirebel kategoriebs dRes

aSkarad gamoikveTa araerTi aspeqti misi rogorc dadebiTi movlenisa

Sesabamisad monoliTur dasavlur kulturaSi TiTqos xelaxlა

aRmoაCines asketizmi rogorc kulturuli movlena DdabejiTebiT

miuTiTeben rom asketizmi gvTavazobs eTikis safuZveldamdeb

motivaciebs rom asketuri Rvawlis gavlena ar Semoifargleba oden

religiuri sivrciT aramed is zemoqmedebs kulturis xelovnebis

mwerlobis ama Tu im mimarTulebis formirebaze xolo eTikuri

diskursis fonic da intenciac asketizmSia saZiebeli (xoruJi 1998 24)

raki ioane sinelis teqsti zneobrivi saxelmZRvaneloa pirvel

rigSi saWiroa gairkves eTikis roli antikur da Sua saukuneebis

kulturaSi

cnobilia rom qristianulma kulturam Tavis wiaRSi antikuri

msoflmxedvelobis erTgvari integracia moaxdina ufro metic Sua

saukuneebSi qristianuli filologiis ganviTarebis process aRweren

rogorc antikuri meTodologiisa da praqtikis rdquoqristianizaciisrdquo

process (doborjginiZe 2012 43) igive SeiZleba iTqvas Sua saukuneebis

msoflmxedvelobaze bunebrivia rom antikur-berZnul kulturaze

amozrdilma da am kulturiT nasazrdoebma qristianulma

msoflmxedvelobam memkvidreobad antikuri kulturisa da filosofiis

didi gamocdileba miiRo aqve aRvniSnavT rom platonis

filosofiasTan (saerTod klasikuri periodis eTikasTan ndash im)

qristianuli eTikisa da asketuri principebis gansakuTrebuli

siaxlovidan gamomdinare mkvlevari rv livingstoni wignSi ndash berZeni

15

geniosi da misi mniSvneloba CvenTvis (The Greek Genius and its Meaning to us)

ndash svams udavod saintereso SekiTxvas iyo Tu ara platoni asketi

(livingstoni 1912) es siaxlove samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzis

aris aRniSnuli jilian evansis marTebuli azriT filosofiur

sistemebs hqonda ara mxolod inteleqtualuri aramed praqtikul-

moraluri xasiaTic maTi mizani iyo bednierebis miRweva saTnoebebis

meSveobiT (evansi 2014 10) Sua sakuneebis qristianobis moralis

filosofia moicavs qristianuli da antikuri moralis sinTezis

mcdelobas rac qristiani moazrovnisaTvis ar unda yofiliyo rTuli

saqme ldquoTuki filosofosebi acxadebdnen rom netari cxovreba miiRweva

im adamianebis mier romlebic sakuTar dacemul bunebaze rac SeiZleba

maRla dadgomas cdiloben da yvelaferSi RmerTs baZaven mSvidi

uSfoTveli cxovrebiT rac amqveyniuri siameebisadmi da vnebebisadmi

zurgis Seqcevas niSnavs gana SeiZleboda qristians rame

sawinaaRmdego hqonoda amgvari TvalTaxedvisadmi qristianebi mxolod

am ideebis gaRrmaveba-ganviTarebas moisurvebdnen da filosofiur

sistemaSic imave gzas dasaxavdnen im filosofosebisTvis romlebic

sulis ukvdavebas aRiarebdnen bednieri cxovreba ar Semoifargleboda

mxolod amqveyniuri arsebobiT misi realizeba am cxovrebis Semdgomac

iyo SesaZlebeli ase rom qristianebi da filosofosebi ar

saubrobdnen sxvadasxva enaze garkveuli azriT qristianoba Tavad

warmoadgenda filosofiasrdquo (evansi 2014 11) miuxedavad imisa rom

antikuri filosofiisa da qristianuli kulturisTvis niSandoblivi

eTikuri principebis formaluri gamoxatuleba xSirad Tanxvdeba

gavrcelebuli azriT eTikisTvis axali epoqa iwyeba qristianobis

gariJraJze radganac antikur paganizms ar hqonia RvTisa da samyaros

urTierTobis kacobriobis erTianobisa da moraluri kanonis bunebis

Sesaxeb naTlad da zustad Camoyalibebuli koncefcia Sesabamisad am

da msgavs sakiTxebs pirvelad qristianobam mohfina naTeli

qristianobam moitana axali ideali ndash eTikuri swavlebis centrSi

daayena da upirveles cnebad aqcia siyvaruli da dasaxa axali mizani ndash

moraluri srulyofa adamianis RmerTTan mimsgavsebisTvis ldquoda

Seiyuaro ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa

16

suliTa SeniTa da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa da yovliTa ZaliTa

SeniTa ese ars pirveli mcnebaAacute Seiyuaro moyuasi Seni viTarca Tavi

Tacircsirdquo (mark 12 30-31) ufro metic ldquogiyuarded mterni Tquenni da

akurTxevdiT mwyevarTa TquenTa da keTilsa uyofdiT moZuleTa

TquenTa da ulocevdiT maT romelni gmZlavrobden Tquen da gdevniden

Tquenrdquo (mT 544) radganac Tavad RmerTia siyvaruli ldquoromelsa ara

uyuardes man ara icis RmerTi rameTu RmerTi siyuarulisaAacute arsrdquo (1 in

48) Tumca rogorc pavle mociquli gvaswavlis RmerTma moraluri

kanoni dawera im adamianTa gulebSic ki romlebic qristianuli

gamocxadebis farglebSi ar Tavsdebodnen ldquoromelni gamoaCineben

saqmesa Sjulisasa dawerilsa gulTa Sina maTTa Tana-mowamebiTa

maTda gonebisa maTisaAacuteTa da Soris urTierTas gulis sityuani

Seasmenden anu sityuas ugebdenrdquo (rom 215)

ra aris morali ratom unda iyos adamiani moraluri am kiTxvebze

sistemuri pasuxis gacemas kacobriobis istoriis yvela etapze cdiloben

platonisTvis tradiciuli saTnoebebis (moTmineba simamace

samarTlianoba RvTismosaoba) sargeblianoba damokidebulia imaze Tu

rogor exmarebian isini adamians bednierebis mopovebaSi misi azriT

bedniereba mdgomareobs sulis harmoniaSi saTnoebebi ki am procesSi

SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc amgvari fsiqikuri harmoniis aucilebeli

aspeqti

Aaristotele im varaudis sapirispirod rom moraluri principebi

aris Tandayolili fiqrobs rom moraluri saTnoeba arc Tandayolilia

da arc Teoriuli gansjiTa da swavliT miiRweva is xSiri sistematuri

praqtikiT gamomuSavdeba da gamouyeneblobiT ikargeba (buaZe 2014)

rdquosaTnoebani ar arian warmoSobilni arc bunebrivad da arc bunebis

sawinaaRmdego gziT Cven mas movipovebT da srulvyofT miCveviTrdquo (arist

nikom eTik 1103a)

epikures moZRvrebaSi eTika dafuZnebulia hedonizmze radganac aq

kargi gaigivebulia sasiamovnosTan magram WeSmariti hedonizmi

epikurelebisTvis gonebrivi simSvidea romelic gulisxmobs

crurwmenebis RmerTebis da imqveyniuri cxovrebis SiSis daZlevas

17

stoikosebisTvis eTika kargi cxovrebaa rac miiRweva bunebasTan da mis

kanonebTan harmoniaSi yofniT maTTvis Tavad saTnoebebia adamianuri

cxovrebis erTaderTi mizani maT miaCniaT rom adamians saTno cxovrebis

miRweva yvelanair pirobebSi SeuZlia amitom amqveyniur ldquosikeTeTardquo

mimarT filosofiur gulgrilobas qadageben (peri 2014)

amrigad antikur filosofiaSi adamianis telosi bednierebaa

xolo bedniereba Tavis mxriv ukavSirdeba zneobis moralis Sesabamisad

cxovrebas sainteresoa ras Tvlian moralurad berZeni filosofosebi

da ra aqvs saerTo qristianul morals antikur filosofiaSi

Camoyalibebul eTikur principebTan

amjerad Cvens mizanს ar warmoadgens qristianuli eTikis rogorc

Camoyalibebuli sistemis antikur eTikur sistemasTan zogadi mimarTebis

kvleva SemovifarglebiT ufro konkretuli amocaniT ndash calkeuli

moraluri konceptis (am SemTxvevaSi vercxlismoyvareoba sixarbe

angareba da mflangveloba nayrovaneba gemoTmoyvareoba da

TavSeukavebuloba) antikuri da qristianuli gaazrebisa da maT Soris

msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis warmoCeniT

Kklasikuri periodis udidesi warmomadgenlis platonis Teza

rom suli unda idges sxeulsa da maSasadame yovelive materialurze

maRla gadavida qristianobaSi da Tavi iCina qristian moRvaweTa

naazrevSic (kahani 2009 34) platonis idealuri saxelmwifos mcvels ar

aqvs qoneba ldquomcvelebs arc sakuTari saxl-kari unda hqondeT arc miwa-

wyali da arc sxva ram avladideba isini mosaxleobisgan iReben sursaT-

sanovages TavianTi samsaxuris sanacvlod da erTad moixmaren mas Tuki

surT WeSmariti mcvelebi erqvaTrdquo (plat saxelmw 1913) amdenad SuRli

da dava adamianis mesakuTruli bunebis gamo warsuls bardeba da

materialuri Rirebulebebis tyveobisgan Tavisufali suli mzadaa

Sesamecneblad

rac Seexeba aristoteles misi filosofia deskrifciulia igi

Tanadrouli sazogadoebisTvis tipur eTikur principebs aRwers

bdquosaTnoeba aris Tviseba SeZenili SerCevis safuZvelze igi CvenTvis

3 citatebs platonis saxelmwifodan vuTiTebT baCana bregvaZis Targmanidan

18

Sualedur mdgomareobas warmoadgens Sualedi ki or borotebas Soris

ndash siWarbesa da naklebobas Sorisaaldquo (arist nikom eTik 1107a) amitom

aristoteles eTikis mixedviT idealuria Sualeduri mdgomareoba

siZunwesa da mflangvelobas Soris amgvar adamians bdquoaxasiaTebs gacema

imaze viszec saWiroa miReba imisgan visganac saWiroa da armiReba

imisgan visganac araa saWiroldquo (arist nikom eTik 1120a)

naklebad radikaluri damokidebuleba aqvT materialur

RirebulebebTan mimarTebaSi romael filosofosebs seneka amtkicebs

rom simdidre TavisTavSi ar moicavs borotebas Tumca is SeiZleba iyos

amis mizezic igi ar gamoricxavs saTnoebis mopovebis SesaZleblobas

qonebis daxmarebiTac (De Vita Beata) ciceronis azriTac simdidre

SeiZleba iyos saTnoebis winapiroba Tumca ara aucilebeli (grifini

1976 296)

materialuri Rirebulebebisadmi ebraelTa damokidebuleba Cans

Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi k perotas azriT Raribi daculia RvTisagan

imdenad ramdenadac damqiravebelma droulad da samarTlianad unda

gadauxados gasamrjelo daqiravebuls rac ara marto Raribs icavs

usamarTlobisgan aramed damqiravebelsac zedmeti simdidris

dagrovebisgan (perota 2004 44) Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT materialur

simdidres aqvs maRali faseuloba bibliuri abraami isaaki iakobi

solomoni agroveben qonebas romelic aris RvTiuri nebis niSani Tumca

amavdroulad Zveli aRTqma moiTxovs mdidrisgan Raribis daxmarebas

rac Seexeba axal aRTqmas aq simdidre gaazrebulia

erTmniSvnelovnad negatiur konteqstSi rogorc damabrkolebeli

faqtori RvTis mcnebebis aRsrulebis gzaze ldquoda zrunvani amis

soflisani da sacTuri simdidrisaAacute SeuAtildedis da SeaSTvian sityuaAacute igi

da unayofo iqmnisrdquo (mark 419) ieso gamoricxavs RmerTisa da mamonas

samsaxurs erTdroulad radgan ldquomdidari Zniad Sevides sasufevelsa

caTasa da merme getyAcirc Tquen uadviles ars aqlemi ganslvad Atildeurelsa

nemisisa vidre mdidari Seslvad sasufevelsa caTasardquo (mT 19 23ndash24)

amitom igi kategoriulad mouwodebs morwmuneebs bdquoganyideniT monagebni

19

Tquenni da mieciT qvelis-saqme da yavT Tavisa Tquenisa safase romeli

ara daZueldesldquo (lk 12 33ndash34)

axali aRTqmis es xazi qristianobaSi mogvianebiT patristikuli

literaturiTa da asketuri moRvaweobiT gagrZelda radganac asketuri

moRvaweobis sabasizo saTnoebas axloblebTan ganSorebasTan erTad

yovelgvari materialuris uaryofa warmoadgenda amgvarma tendenciam

moitana samonastro sazogadoebebis Camoyalibeba metic gamoikveTa am

tendenciis kidev ufro mkveTri forma ndash sociumisgan (samonastro

sazogadoebisganac ki) gamdgari martodmyofoba da bunebrivia rom mis

erT-erT fundamentur principad iqca upovareba

Aasketuri moqmedeba iTxovs koncentracias sakuTar Sinagan

samyaroze maqsime aRmsarebeli ambobs bdquonetari goneba ukan moitovebs ra

yovelive (materialurs) dausruleblad tkbeba saRvTo mSvenierebis

(xilviT)ldquo (PG Vol 90 964D) amitomac eklesiis mamebi uaryofdnen kerZo

sakuTrebas da sxvebsac amisken mouwodebdnen netari avgustines azriT

simdidris dagroveba ar aris Rirebuli mizani qristianisTvis imave

azrs imeorebs klimenti aleqsandrieli (granti 2004 49) ioane

sinelisUsaTnoebaTa kibeSi romelic ajamebs ZiriTad qristianul

saTnoebebs calke Tavi eZRvneba vercxlismoyvareobas teqstis avtori

Teologiur sakiTxebSi Rrma gawafulobis garda amJRavnebs adamianis

fsiqologiis safuZvlian codnas amitomac axerxebs Caswvdes ama Tu im

vnebis warmomSobi adamianuri bunebis yvelaze dafarul da Rrma Sreebs

ldquovecxlis-moyvarebaAacute Tayvanis-cemaAacute ars kerpTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 277)

ldquodasawyisi vercxlis-moyvarebisaAacute arn gulis-sityuaAacute mowyalebisaAacute xolo

aRsasruli misi arn siZulili glaxakTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 278)

vercxlismoyvareoba gamoricxavs sulze zrunvas ldquoxolo romeli

ityodis Tu orive maqundeso igi Tavsa TAcircssa acTunebsrdquo (sineli 1965

277)

qristianuli eTikis kidev erTi centraluri principi nayrovanebis

vnebasTan brZolaa saqme isaa rom mankiereba ar aris TviTkmari

radganac yovel vnebas sxva vneba udevs safuZvlad da Tavadac sxva

vnebis Semoqmedia amgvar Sexedulebas adamianis qcevaze xangrZlivi

20

dakvirveba udevs safuZvlad asea gagebuli codvis raoba antikur

filosofiaSic da qristianul saazrovno sivrceSic Pplatoniს azriT

mravalferovani sakvebi aRviraxsnilobis mizezia rac xels uSlis da

azarmacebs mcvels brZolis velze (plat saxelmw 112) amasTanave

mankierebis sxvadasxva gamovlineba miuTiTebs adamianis xasiaTis ama Tu

im sisusteze magaliTad aristotelesTvis nayrovaneba TavSeukaveblobaa

da gasakicxia ndash ldquobunebriv miswrafebaTagan cotaa iseTi romelic

gvacTunebs da isic erT SemTxvevaSi gadaWarbebis dros radgan Wama an

sma imisa rac mogxvdeba sanam mucels ar amoiyorav niSnavs bunebrivi

zomis gadaWarbebas magram Sevseba imisa rac aklia adamians aris

bunebrivi moTxovnileba isini romlebic saWiroze metad iyoraven

mucels Rormucelebi arian aseTebi monuri bunebisa arianldquo (arist

nikom eTik 1118b) igi am sakiTxSic zomierebis momxrea Tvlis ra rom

bdquojanmrTelobas Rupavs zedmeti an naklebi saWmeli da sasmelildquo (arist

nikom eTik 1104a) amgvarad platonic da aristotelec gadaWarbebuli

saWmlis miRebisgan Tavis mozRudvas ormagi funqciiT tvirTaven ndash

zrunva fizikur janmrTelobaze da nayrovanebisgan warmoSobili

mankierebebisgan (rogoricaa siZva mrisxaneba ulmobeloba da aS) Tavis

arideba rac adamianis sulis misi xasiaTis sworad formirebis

winapirobaa

Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT egviptelTa tyveobidan Tavdaxsnil

ebraelebs bdquogulman uTqua gulisTqmaAacute dasxda da tiroda da Zeni

israAgravelisanica maT Tana da ityodes vin mces Cuen Atildeorci da vWamoT

ldquo(ricx 11 4-5) ufalma mouvlina maT xorci bdquoda Atildeorci igi iyoRa pirsa

Sina maTsa da arRa moklebul iyo da ufali ganrisxna ersa mas zeda da

mosra eri igi wylulebiTa didiTa friadldquo (ricx 11 33) klasikuri xanis

moazrovneTa msgavsad Zvel aRTqmaSic nayrovaneba sxva mankierebebis

safuZvlad miiCneva bdquogarna ese usjuloebaAacute sodomisa disa Senisa

ampartavanebaAacute da sisavsiTa purisaAacuteTa da iefobiTa nukveulobda igi da

asulni misnibdquo (ezek 16 49)

am eTikur xazs agrZelebs axali aRTqmac ldquoda vhrqua sulsa Cemsa

sulo gaqus mravali keTili daunjebuli mravalTa welTa ganisuene

21

Wame da su da ixarebd hrqua mas RmerTman ugunuro amas Ramesa migiRon

suli Seni Sengan ege romel moimzade visa iyosrdquo L(lk 1219-20)

nayrovanebasTan brZola SesaZlebelia marxviT romelic kargad

nacnobi praqtikaa aramarto antikuri-berZnuli samyarosTvis (orfeosis

kultis mimdevrebiDdionises kulti piTagorelebi) aramed TiTqmis

yvela religiuri Tu filosofiuri sistemisTvis Tumca qristianuli

marxvis ideas gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvs ndash sakvebisgan Tavis Sekaveba

aris pirvel rigSi gonebisa da sulis ganwmendis saSualeba

gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri iyo nayrovanebasTan marxvis saTnoebiT brZola

samonastro sazogadoebaSi bdquogamaride yovelgvar sacTurs uwminduri

saWmeli rodi maSinebs aramed uwminduri vnebaldquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 46) ndash wers netari avgustine igi nayrovanebasTan brZolis magaliTs

Tavadve iZleva ldquodResdReobiT ki siamovnebad miCans es aucilebloba da

me vebrZvi am sitkboebas (nayrovaneba ndashim) raTa misi tyve ar gavxde esaa

yoveldRiuri brZola marxulobiTa da bdquoxorcis daTrgunviTldquo (net

avgust aRs X XXXI 43) qristianuli asketizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

iyo rogorc eqstremalurad radikaluri meTodebiT brZola ama Tu im

vnebis dasamarcxeblad ise zomiereba am brZolaSi netari

avgustinesTvis sakvebis zomieri miRebaa nayrovanebasTan brZolis

yvelaze gonivruli forma bdquopirs ise unda amosdo lagami rom arc

Zalumad movzidoT da arc sul mivuSvaT sadaverdquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 47) am xazs agrZelebs ioane damaskeliც igi aucileblad miiCnevs

bunebiseul da aucilebel sxeulebriv moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas

imisTvis rom sxeulma ar dakargos sasicocxlo Zalebi radganac RvTis

mcnebebis aRsrulebas sulierTan erTad sWirdeba fizikuri Zalisxmevac

bdquosxeuliseul siamovnebaTagan nawili aris erToblivad bunebiseulic da

aucilebeliac romlebis gareSe SeuZlebelia sicocxle rogorebicaa

magaliTad sinaklulis Semavsebeli saWmeli da aucilebeli samosirdquo

(ioan damask gard 2000 364) Tumca zomiereba ioane damaskelis azriTac

gadamwyveti faqtoria sulieri harmoniis SesanarCuneblad bdquonawili

(siamovnebebi ndash im) arc aucilebelia da arc bunebiseuli rogorc

magaliTad simTvrale avxorcoba da nayrovaneba arc ametebs saWiroebas

22

radgan isini arc Cveni sicocxlis ganmtkicebas emsaxurebian da arc

modgmis memkvidreobiTobas aramed piriqiT zians gvayenebenldquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 364) nayrovaneba safuZveli SeiZleba iyos

TavSeukaveblobis rac Tavis mxriv azianebs sxeuls ryvnis suls da

abnelebs gonebas amis sapirispirod bdquomarxva kurnavs sulier Wrilobebs

da aaxlebs codviT gaxrwnil suls igi ganamtkicebs gonebas

Stagvagonebs RvTis SiSs anadgurebs vnebebs aTvinierebs zraxvebs rdquo

(ioan oqrop marxv 1991)

nayrovanebis vnebaze msjelobas ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibiT

davasruleb ldquomTavari eSmakTaAacute ars zeciT gardamovrdomili igi mTiebi

da mTavar vnebaTa ars simaZRre muclisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 233) rogorc

vxedavT ioane sineli Tavisi winamorbedebis msgavsad miiCnevs rom

gadametebuli ZRoma safuZvels udebs yvelanair codvas da

gansakuTrebiT aRvivebs vnebebs ldquosimaZRre WamadTaAacute mamaAacute ars siZvisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 225) igia saTave yovelgvari mankierebis ldquopirmSoAacute Cemi ars

siZvaAacute da Semdgomad misa ndash sificxe gulisaAacute da mesameAacute ars Zili da

merme ndash zRuaAacute gulis-sityuaTaAacute da Relvani Seginebisani da ufskruli

gamouTqumelTa da miuTxrobelTa arawmidebaTaAacute Cemgan gamovals asulni

Cemni arian mconarebaAacute mraval-metyuelebaAacute kadnierebaAacute da gancxromaAacute

sicili cilobaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 236) is rac gaxda mizezi ldquodacemasa mas

adamissa warwymedasa esavissa momsrvelsa israeAgravelTasa noes

Seuracxebasa gomornelTa damwuvelsa loTis bralobasardquo (sineli 1965

235) ioane sinelisTvis nayrovanebasTan brZolis saukeTeso gza

zomierebaa da Tanmimdevrulobaa

zemoT warmodgenili masala naTelyofs rom nayrovanebis vnebis

antikuri filosofiuri da Sua saukuneebis qristianuli gaazreba

Zalzed msgavsia

amrigad morali zneoba universaluri kategoriaa ara romelime

erTi religiis an kulturis monapovari aramed kacobriobis mdidari

sulieri gamocdilebis nayofi qristianulma msoflmxedvelobam

memkvidreobad miiRo antikur kulturaSi Camoyalibebuli da Teoriulad

kargad gaazrebuli moralur-eTikuri principebi romelmac axali

msoflmxedvelobis wiaRSi garkveuli transformacia ganicada amasTan

23

qristiani mamebi ara marto amCnevdnen aramed miuTiTebdnen kidec

antikuri tradiciis gangrZobadobaze da mas RvTis arsis absolutur

sikeTed gaazrebis konteqstSi ganixilavdnen bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi

bunebasa Sina Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa

dambadebeli ars RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier

Cuen Soris rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca

warmarTnica swyaloben kacsaldquo (sineli 1965 394) es siaxlove

gansakuTrebiT maSinaa mosalodneli roca axali msoflmxedveloba

yalibdeba iseTi Zlieri kulturis wiaRSi rogoricaa antikuri

berZnuli civilizacia amdenad qristianuli teqstis kvleva

aucileblad moiTxovs antikuri berZnuli tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebas

ramdenadac vfiqrobT es aris uwyveti erTiani saazrovno procesi

24

amp 2 saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis sakiTxi

saTnoebaTa kibis teqstze darTul werilSi ioane raiTeli ioane

sinels sTxovs rom asketur gzaze Semdgar moRvaweTaTvis Tavis

mravalferovan praqtikul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT aRweros

sulisTvis margebeli rCevebi marTlac 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi asketur

RvawlSi myofi ioane sineli saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnisas xelmZRvanelobs

sakuTari praqtikuli gamocdilebiT magram ioane sinelis Sroma aris

avtoris samonastro cxovrebis mdidari gamocdilebisa da winare

tradiciis erTgvari sinTezi (ueari 1982 59) Sua saukuneebis

Teologiur-filosofiur literaturaSi ioane sinelis Rrma

ganswavlulobaze metyvelebs erTi mxriv zedwodeba ndash ldquosqolastikosirdquo

xolo meore mxriv TxzulebaSi gamoyenebuli mravalferovani wyaroebi

saTnoebaTa kibis zogierT wyaroze teqstSive gvxvdeba miniSneba xolo

sxva danarCeni gamovlenilia specialuri samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad

winamdebare paragrafi imdenad aris mniSvnelovani qarTuli

filologiisTvis ramdenadac cxadia rom saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT

Sua saukuneebis qarTveli mkiTxveli ecnoba ara mxolod asketur-

mistikuri Janris brwyinvale Zegls aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac

romelsac Txzuleba emyareba

mkvlevar andrei kordoCkins SeniSnuli aqvs rom Cveulebriv

klasikuri wyaroebis gamoyenebisas ioane sineli ase miuTiTebs bdquoΚαigrave θαῦμα

ὄντως πῶς καί Ἑλληνές τι τοιοῦτον ἐφθέγξαντο ἐπεigrave καigrave φιλοσοφίαν τοῦτο εἶναι ὁρίζονται

μελέτην θανάτουldquo (PG Vol 88 797 C) ldquosakAcircrvel ars viTar warmarTaca esreT

sTnda ese vidreRa Tques viTarmed sibrZne AtildesenebaAacute ars sikudilisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 161) ldquoda sakAcircrvel namdAcirclve viTar da ellinTaca eseviTari

raAacuteme aRmoTques vinaAacuteTgan da filosofosobadca amas gansazRvreben

yofad wurTasa sikudilisasardquo (A-39 63v)4 mkvlevris azriT ioane sinelis

zemoTmoyvanili azris wyaroa cnobili pasaJi platonis fedonidan (Pl

Phaed 67e) magram uSvebs SesaZleblobas rom sineli sxva qristiani

4 adgilebs petre gelaTelis Targmanidan am da sxva SemTxvevebSic vimowmebT prof m cincaZis mier kritikulad dadgenili teqstidan (A-39 H-1669) romelic mzaddeba gamosacemad

25

avtorebis klimenti aleqsandrielis (Strom 5 11 67) evsevi kesarielis

(Praep Evangel 11 27 18) grigol nazianzelis (Or 277) evagres (Pract 52)

kirile skviTopolelis (Vita Cyriaci 230) Sromebidan icnobdes platons da

ara uSualod (kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

saTnoebaTa kibe upirveles yovlisa religiuri teqstia da

bunebrivia rom igi gajerebulia citatebiT (masSi xandaxan mTeli

pasaJebia moyvanili) Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebidan qarTuli

TargmanebSi gamoyenebuli bibliuri citatebis wyaros sakiTxi calke

kvlevis sagania aq aRvniSnavT rom prof m cincaZis dakvirvebiT eqvTime

aToneli bibliuri citatebis gamoyenebisas zog SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba

bibliis teqstis qarTul redaqciebs zogjer ki pirdapir sinelis

teqsts Targmnis fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadad

gamoyenebulia a redaqcia (SaniZe 1960) (cincaZe 1965 100-105) rac Seexeba

petre gelaTelis Targmans iv lolaSvilis dakvirvebiT saTnoebaTa

kibis petre gelaTeliseul TargmanSi bibliuri teqstebi damowmebulia

ara giorgi mTawmindelis aramed ioane WimWimelis redaqciidan (petriwi

1968 30) amis sapirispirod prof m cincaZe (Sesabamis faqtobrivi

masalis damowmebiT) Tvlis rom petre gelaTeli bibliur citatebs

misTvis Cveuli akribiiT uSualod berZnuli teqstidan Targmnis xolo

fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad qarTul g redaqcias (SaniZe

1960) misdevs (cincaZe 1965 100-105)

saTnoebaTa kibeSi gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans Sua saukuneebis

Teologiis Cinebuli codna rogorc aRvniSneT ioane sineli xSirad

Tavadve miuTiTebs wyaroebze ndash avtoritetul qristian avtorebze

origeneze evagre pontoelze igi origenes kicxavs im cnobili

koncefciisTvis (apokatastasisi) romlis mixedviTac saboloo xsna

gadarCena uklebliv yvelasTvis aris SesaZlebeli (PG Vol 88 865A)

ldquovekrZalneT yovelni da ufroAacutes xolo dacemulni rameTu ara

daemkAcircdros gulTa CuenTa uRmrToAacutesa origenes seni rameTu RmrTisa

kacT-moyuarebasa wina-hyofs bilwi igi da Asesawynarebel iqmnebis gemoAacutes-

moyuareTa da udebTa mierrdquo (sineli 1965 151) evagre pontoeli origenes

Tanamoazrea maTi swavleba dagmo 553 wlis msoflio krebam ioane sineli

akritikebs evagre pontoels ukideresi askezisaken mowodebisTvis

26

ldquohgonebda ubadruki da sawyalobeli evagre viTarmed ubrZnes brZenTasa

ars sityAcircTa da gulisAtildemis-yofiTa aramed scTa ugulisAtildemoAacute igi da

ugunurTa uugunures ipova mravalTa zeda saqmeTa da erTad amas zeda

rameTu ityAcircs viTarmed raJams mravalTa sanovageTa mimarT suridis

sulsa Cuensa maSin SevaiwroT igi puriTaca da wyliTa xolo ese msgavs

ars viTarmca vin hrqua mciresa yrmasa viTarmed ldquoerTiTa nabijiTa

aRAtildeed Tavsa kibisasardquo (sineli 1965 227) saTnoebaTa kibis es polemikuri

paTosi logikuria radganac sul raRac erTi saukune Tu iqneba gasuli

553 wlis msoflio krebis Semdeg romelzec dagmes origenesa da evagre

pontoelis swavlebebi miuxedavad amisa sakiTxi jer isev aqtualuria

radgan aleqsandriuli skolis am ori didi warmomadgenlis

Teologiuri swavlebebi sakmaod Zlier gavlenas axdens ara marto maT

Tanamedrove aramed momdevno epoqis qristian moazrovneebzec

safiqrebelia rom swored maTi popularobidan gamomdinare ioane

sineli romelic aseve iyo Tavisi drois uaRresad avtoritetuli

moRvawe upirispirdeba origenesa da evagres swavlebebs ioane sinelis

Sromis polemikur xasiaTze miuTiTebs berZnul xelnawerSi daculi

teqstis erT-erTi saTauric sityva origenes winaaRmdeg (Λόγος κατά

Οριγένους) Tumca am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT samecniero literaturaSi

azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa magaliTad bogdanoviCi fiqrobs rom ldquogonieri

locvisrdquo ioane sineliseuli koncefcia rogorc RvTis wvdomis

erTaderTi saSualeba warmodgenilia evagre pontoelis romelic Tavis

mxriv ganicdida origenes did gavlenas naazrevSi (bogdanoviCi 1978 151)

an kidev miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli evagresa da origenes

misamarTiT polemikur mimarTvebs ar iSurebs is mainc ldquoevagristiardquo (beki

1959 353-354) igi evagres kvaldakval iyenebs evagreseul termins ldquoλογισμόςrdquo

ldquovnebisrdquo mniSvnelobiT (bogdanoviCi 1968 154)

meore mxriv rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT ioane sineli sxvadasxva

mizniT xSirad imowmebs avtoritetul saeklesio moRvaweebs (PG Vol 88

717B) ioane kasianes ndash ldquomorCilebisagan simdable viTarca vTquT da

simdablisagan gankiTxvaAacute viTarca Tqua didman kasiane gankiTxvisa Tavsa

Sinardquo (sineli 1965 111) grigol nazianzelს (PG Vol 88 949A) ndash

27

ldquoromelnime ityAcircan viTarmed cudad-mzuaobrebaAacute da ampartavnebaAacute

ganyofilni arian urTierTas amisTAcircs rvad saxel-sdeben TavTa maT

vnebaTahellip xolo RmrTis-metyueli grigoli da sxuani mravalni kualad

SAcircdad ityAcircan vnebaTa maTrdquo (sineli 1965 301) (PG Vol 88 1064A)

bdquodabadebulni yovelnive ukueTu viTar daibadnes masve bunebasa zeda

arian viTar me xati var RmrTisaAacute da TiAtildeasa amas Tana aRreul var ndash

viTarca ityAcircs didi grigoli RmrTis-metyuelildquo (sineli 1965 420) efrem

asurs (PG Vol 88 1148D) ldquovin moigo amas sawuTrosa pirvel mermisa mis

saukunoAacutesa uvnebelobaAacute da sisrule eseviTari viTar asurman manrdquo

qarTuli Targmanis aSiaze dakonkretebulia ldquomamasa efrems ityAcircsrdquo

(sineli 1965 504)

rogorc Aandrei kordoCkini miuTiTebs ioane sineli aseve

sargeblobs apofTegmebiT ldquonu daiviwyeb yovelTa dReTa cxorebisa

SenisaTa moRuawesa mas didsa romelsa aTvrametsa welsa ara esma

moZRurisagan AtildeorcieliTa sasmeneliTa Tu cxovndi xolo SinaganTa maT

yurTa maradRe esmoda uflisagan araTu cxondi rameTu ese sityuaAacute ars

locvisa da ucnauri aramed esreT esmoda viTarmed scxondi romeli ese

ganCinebuli ars da mtkiceAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 111 PG Vol 88 717C Sdr alph John

the Theban) ldquoyovladve aravisTAcircs jer-ars raAacuteTamca locvasa Sina saqmesa

iqmoda rameTu ese keTilad guaswava angelozman man romeli netarisa

antonisa moida rameTu iqmn AtildeelT-saqmarsa da merme aRdis locvadrdquo

(sineli 1965 291 PG Vol 88 937D Sdr alph Anthony 1) bdquoicis Tqmuli ese man

romeli pirvel kanjarTa ubrZanebda da erCdes mas xolo ukunaAacutesknel

sulTa ganmrxwnelTa maT kanjarTa mier eSmakTa damorCilebuli da

mokicxul iqmna da romel-igi zecisa puriTa izardeboda xolo

ukuanaAacutesknel keTilisa misgan gamoeAtildeua da sakAcircrveli ese ars romel

Semdgomad sinanulad moslvisa misisa ityoda mwuxarebiT da simwariT

winamZRuari Cueni antoni viTarmed ndash didi sueti daecao xolo saxe

dacemisa misisaAacute dafara yovlad brZenman man rameTu icoda viTarmed-

siZvaAacute iyo AtildeorciTa da Tacircnier sxAcircsa AtildeorcTa Sexebisaldquo (sineli 1965 248

PG Vol 88 885C Sdr alph Anthony 14) ldquosaxed locvisa gaqundin qurivi igi

Wirveuli mosajulisagan misisa xolo saxe dayudebisa ars didi igi da

28

angelozTa swori dayudebuli arsenirdquo (sineli 1965 474 PG Vol 88 1112D

Sdr alph Arsenius 7 2544) teqstis qarTveli mTargmnelebi rogorc ukve

vnaxeT zog SemTxvevaSi roca amis saWiroebas xedaven metateqstis

saSualebiT azusteben informacias5 ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena megAcircptelman man

romelman Tqua viTarmed ara meSinis uflisaganrdquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol

88 1148D Sdr alph Anthony 32) aSiaze miweril SeniSvnaSi ndash ldquomamasa antonis

ityAcircsrdquo igulisxmeba anton didi rogorc anton kaTalikosi azustebs

Tavis redaqciaSi SeniSvnis saxiT an kidev ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena

romelman-igi iloca raAacuteTamca miiqces vnebani misdave da hbrZodes masrdquo

aSiaze minaweri ldquoiovanes ityAcircs moklesardquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol 88 1148D

Sdr Alph John the Dwarf 13) ldquoesreT iyo romelman ndash igi puri da yveli

Atildeelad miiRo (zogierT nusxaSi aRniSnul sityvas axlavs SeniSvna

ldquoserapionrdquo ndash m c ndash miTiTeba amba serapionze ndash i m) da dajda karTa zeda

TAcircsTa gardarTxmiT Zelsa zeda da aCuena man eseviTari simdable da

kualad sxuaman man muSakman siwmidisaman romelman samoseli TAcircsi

aRiZarcua da vidoda uvnebelad qalaqsa Sinardquo (sineli 1965 360 PG Vol 88

997C Sdr Historia Lausiaca 3716) ndash paladi helenepoleli ndash lavsaikoni

(kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

sxva pirdapiri miniSneba uSualo wyaroebze teqstSi ar gvxvdeba

amitom maTi gamovlena aris erT-erTi principuli sakiTxi saTnoebaTa

kibis kvlevis procesSi da amdenad igi sagangebo Seswavlis sagnad iqca

kerZod kalistos ueari swavlobda markoz monazonis Sromebis gavlenas

ioane sinelis teqstze (sakiTxi Seswavlilia sadisertacio naSromis

farglebSi romelic samwuxarod ar aris gamoqveynebuli) (ueari 1965 458-

459) folkeri amtkicebs rom ipova asamde msgavsi pasaJi saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstsa da Razeli mamebis barsanofes ioane Razelis da doreTe

Razelis Sromebs Soris (folkeri 1968 V7) d bogdanoviCi amba isaias

gavlenas xedavs (bogdanoviCi 1968 156-157) saTnoebaTa kibis Semdeg

pasaJSi ldquoviTarca SeuZlebel ars erTiTa TualiTa zecad xedvad da

meoriTa queyanad egreTve SeuZlebel ars Tumca ara evno sulsa romeli

5 SesaZloa ioane sineli imowmebdes im periodis qarTuli saazrovno sivrcisTvis naklebad cnobil moRvawes azrs an naklebad cnobil biografiul detals misi cxovrebidan

29

ara ucxo iqmnes srulad TacircsTagan gonebiTa anu Atildeorcieladrdquo (sineli 1965

51 PG Vol 88 668D Sdr Abba Isaiah Ascet151) (kordoCkini 2003 22) imave

bogdanoviCis azriT urisxvelobis morCilebisa da sulieri winamZRvris

mniSvnelobaze msjelobisas saTnoebaTa kibeSi igrZnoba amba barsanufis

gavlena (bogdanoviCi 1968 156) saTnoebaTa kibeSi bevri pirdapiri citata

da fraza gvxvdeba nilos sinelis Sromebidanac (buxvaldi 1982 400) aseve

saubroben ioane sinelis Sromaze ioane mosxis cnobili Txzulebis

limonaris gavlenazec es gavlena gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba 26-e sityvaSi

gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) (proxorovi 1985

254)

cnobilia rom Sua saukuneebis teqstis wyaroebis kvlevas

arTulebs medievisturi msoflmxedvelobis monoliTuroba xSir

SemTxvevaSi rTulia imis dadgena uSualo gavlenasTan gvaqvs saqme Tu

saerTო tradiciasTan (kordoCkini 2003 21-22) amdenad epoqis specifikidan

gamomdinare (Temebis interesebis tradiciebis msoflmxedvelobis

mTlianoba) rTulia sasuliero xasiaTis teqstis wyaroebis zusti

identifikacia samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad gamovlenil saTnoebaTa

kibis zemoT miTiTebuli wyaroebis garda yuradRebas SevaCerebT kidev

or Cveni azriT sainterso monakveTze romelsac SesaZloa safuZvlad

edos ioane sinelis epoqisTvis kargad cnobili da popularuli

antikuri da neoplatonuri koncefciebi cxadia am SemTxvevaSic

saorWofoa saubari imaze sargeblobs Tu ara sineli uSualod

pirvelwyarodan dasaSvebia Sualeduri teqstis arseboba reminiscencia

an tipologiuri msgavseba magram arc is aris gamoricxuli rom saqme

gvqondes uSualo gavlenasTan miT umetes rom ioane sineli Rrmad

ganaTlebuli saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiur sakiTxebSi kargad

Caxeduli mweralia

saTnoebaTa kibis 26-e safexurSi gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-

yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) vkiTxulobT ldquoraJams orni borotni moiwivnen

jer-ars udaresisa gamorCevaAacute viTar-igi vdgiT raAacute locvasa Sina da

movidis ZmaAacute vinme da erTisa orTaganisa qmnaAacute Tana-guedvis anu datevebaAacute

locvisaAacute anu ara xilvaAacute Zmisa mis da SewuxebaAacute misi maSin ukue

30

gulisAtildema-vyoT viTarmed uaRres da uzeSTaes ars siyuaruli locvisasa

rameTu locvaAacute TaviT TacircsiT oden erTi saTnoebaAacute ars xolo siyuaruli

Semkrebeli ars yovelTa saTnoebaTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 396) ori borotebidan

naklebi borotebis arCeva momdinareobs cnobili miTologemidan

ldquoscilasa da qaribdas Sorisrdquo gavla romelic ukavSirdeba odisevsis

mogzaurobas odisevsi irCevs scilasTan axlos gavlas rogorc ori

borotebidan ufro naklebs man am arCevanis gamo dakarga eqvsi

Tanamgzavri Tumca xomaldi gadaarCina daRupvas rac qaribdasTan

axlos gavlis SemTxvevaSi emuqreboda es azri aqtiurad cirkulirebs

antikur filosofiaSic kerZod dialogSi protagora platoni ambobs

rom Tuki adamians aqvs arCevani or borotebas Soris igi ar airCevs

ufro did borotebas roca aris naklebi borotebis arCevis saSualeba

ἔστι τοῦτο ὡς ἔοικεν ἐν ἀνθρώπου φύσει ἐπὶ ἃ οἴεται κακὰ εἶναι ἐθέλειν ἰέναι ἀντὶ τῶν

ἀγαθῶν ὅταν τε ἀναγκασθῇ δυοῖν κακοῖν τὸ ἕτερον αἱρεῖσθαι οὐδεὶς τὸ μεῖζον αἱρήσεται ἐξὸν

τὸ ἔλαττον (Plat Prot 358cd) es azri aristotelesTanac gaielvebs erTgan

Tumca ara ise mkveTrad rogorc platonisa da ioane sinelis teqstebSi

miuxedavad imisa rom aristotele nikomaqes eTikaSi dasaSvebad miiCnevs

saSuals or ukiduresobas Soris romelTac igi borotebad ganixilavs

filosofosi ganmartavs rom amgvari saSualis migneba adamianisTvis did

siZnelesTan aris dakavSirebuli amitom ldquovinc Suisken iswrafvis is

pirvel yovlisa rac SeiZleba metad unda daSordes kidur mxareebs

rogorc kalifsoc gvirCevs ldquomoaride gemi qafsa da talRasrdquo

mopirdapire mxareebidan erTi ufro metad aris mcdari meore ndash

naklebad SuaSi moxvedra ki Zalian Znelia amitom ambobs is rom meored

curvisas unda SearCio naklebad cudi gzardquo (arist nikom eTik 1109a) es

konceptualuri xazi grZeldeba vefxistyaosanSic vgulisxmob sasiZos

mokvlis epizods romelic swored aristoteles koncefciis WrilSi

aqvs gaanalizebuli profesor elguja xinTibiZes (xinTibiZe 2009 409-410)

aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom aristoteles saSualze msjelobisas

mkvlevari imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciidan

Semdeg originalur strofebs

ldquoumankosa hrwamn yovelive simSvidiT

moiTmens igi satkivarsa yovelsa

31

moyusisa mimarT tkbil ars da saxierca

mdabal da maRal saSualsa zeda myof (238)

romelman Zalni gonierad keTilad

sazomsa zeda ipyrnes saSualobiT

ar midrkebodes marjul gina marcxeniT

aras ivnebdes moRuawe moiTmendes

mas ewodebis uvnebel sakuTrebiT (287)rdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saTnoebaTa kibis qarTvel avtors eTikur

saTnoebebze msjelobisas yoveli saTnoebis umaRles kategoriad swored

ldquosaSualirdquo miaCnia (citirebuli konteqstis berZnuli teqstis Sesabamis

adgilebSi ldquosaSualzerdquo saubari ar Cans) (xinTibiZe 2009 394) SesaZloa

zemoT citirebul strofebs prozauli Targmanis Sesabamis TavSi

uSualo wyaro ar eZebnebodes magram Sua saukuneebis es cnobili

koncefcia ioane sinelis teqstisTvis aSkarad nacnobia miT ufro rom

aRniSnuli Teza popularulia Sua saukuneebisa da Semdegi periodis

filosofiaSic (Toma aqvineli da misi mimdevrebi imanuel kanti da sxva)

zemoT warmodgenili Sexeduleba ioane sinels gamoarCevs

rogorc erT-erT yvelaze liberal qristian avtors Tumca am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxva mosazrebebic magaliTad j meiendorfi

fiqrobs rom ioane sineli moiTxovs asketizmis eqtremalur formas

Tavisi mkiTxvelisgan rac aSkarad miuTiTebs origenistul

spiritualizmze (meiendorfi 1974 70) mkiTxvelTa da mkvlevarTa

gansakuTrebul gaocebas iwveves saTnoebaTa kibis mexuTe Tavi sadac

ioane sineli aRwers gansakuTrebuli savanis dilegis momnanie mkvidrTa

yofas (PG vol 88 772AB) ldquome vixilen Zmano maT Tana muvAtildelni

dakanebulni simravlisagan muAtildelT-drekisa da Tualni maTni Semwuar

iyvnes cremlTa da siRrmed mTasrul iyvnes da Tmani maTni daefxurnes

da Rawuni maTni daebZarnes da moewylnes simravlesa mAtildeurvaleTa maT

cremlTasa da pirni maTni damdnar iyvnes da dayAcircTlebul araraAacuteTa

ganyofil iyvnes mkudarTagan da mkerdni maTni moewylnes cemiTa da

sisxlsa mtknarsa warmohyrides zedaAacuteszeda cemiTa mkerdTaAacutesardquo (sineli

1965 136) mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini teqstis am monakveTis Sesaxeb

ambobs ndash Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis saTnoebaTa kibis pasaJebi momnanie

32

berebis cxovrebidan SeiZleba ufro gavdes sakoncentracio banaks

vidre qristianul institucias Tumca iqve svams kiTxvas ndash ratom rTavs

sineli am pasaJebs teqstSi igi aranair miniSnebas ar gvaZlevs imis

Sesaxeb rom Tavis mkiTxvels mouwodebdes amgvari sinanulisken

(kordoCkini 2003 52) mkvlevari marTebulad SeniSnavs rom ioane sineli

monanulTa savanis mkvidrTa cxovrebas aRwers ara rogorc asketuri

cxovrebis idealur formas aramed rogorc ukompromiso siyvarulis

magaliTs es epizodi deskripciulia avtori ki ar Txzavs aramed

mogviTxrobs imas rac naxa da ramac gaaoca miT umetes moulodnelia

ioane sinelisgan asketizmis eqstremaluri formebis qadageba maSin roca

teqstis sxva nawilebSi igi gamoirCeva liberaluri damokidebulebiT

sxvadasxva principuli sakiTxisadmi ioane sinelis liberaluri

Sexedulebebis sailustraciod mravali magaliTis moxmobac SeiZleba

maT Soris erT-erT TvalsaCino msjelobas warmoadgens tyuilisadmi

miZRvnili Tavidan Semdegi monakveTi ldquoviTarca yovelTa vnebaTa zeda

ganyofilebani arian sasjelTani egreTve tyuilisaTAcircs rameTu sxuaAacute

sasjeli ars misi romelman SiSsaTAcircs tanjAcircsa tyua da sxua ars misi

romelman Tacircnier Wirisa raAacutesame qmna igi uSiSoebiTa RmrTisaAacuteTa sxuaman

tyua sazrdelisaTAcircs da sxuaman gemoTmoyuarebisaTAcircs da sxuaman raAacuteTa

mis Tana myofTa sicili moatyuas da sxuaman ndash raAacuteTa Zmasa Tacircssa boroti

uyosrdquo (sineli 1965 218) ioane sinels miaCnia rom RvTiuri kanonebis

darRvevisTvis sasjelis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba amgvari

qcevis mizezebi

CemTvis saintereso meore epizodi ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis

imave 26-e safexurSi gvxvdeba bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi bunebasa Sina

Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa dambadebeli ars

RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier Cuen Soris

rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca warmarTnica

swyaloben kacsa da siyuaruli bunebiTi ars rameTu pirutyunica

mwuxare iqmnebian urTierTas ganSorebisaTAcircsldquo (sineli 1965 394)

citirebuli pasaJi gvTavazobs cnobil neoplatonur koncefcias imis

Sesaxeb rom boroteba RmerTisgan ar momdinareobs Sesabamisad igi

adamianuri bunebisTvis araorganulia RvTisgan Seqmnili yvela arseba

33

dasabamidanve sikeTesTan aris naziarebi swored amitom warmarTebic ki

swyalobdnen adamianebs radgan sikeTe siyvaruli mowyaleba adamianis

arsisTvis ufro bunebrivia es Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi popularuli

Teologiuri debuleba romelic konceftualurad daamuSava fsevdo

dionise areopagelma erTi ZiriTadi Tezaa SoTa rusTavelis

vefxistyaosnis bdquoRmerTi kargsa moavlinebs av-borotsa ar dahbadebsrdquo

(str 1491)6 iv lolaSvili ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

originalur nawilze dayrdnobiT msjelobs ioane petriwis

msoflmxedvelobisa (prokle diadoxosis kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTnis

Targmanze darTuli komentarebis mixedviT) da saTnoebaTa kibeSi

asaxuli filosofiuri koncefciebis msgavsebaze mkvlevari imowmebs

saTnoebaTa kibis originaluri nawilidan azrs romelic ldquoSezavebulia

areopagituli TeoriiT keTilisa da borotis Sesaxebrdquo ndash erTi (RmerTi)

aris keTiloba yvelafris mizezi yvelafris dasabami da warmomSobi

(lolaSvili 1968 139-140)

ldquogonebisagan sityua iSobebis da

xolo amisi dasabami keTil ars

vinaAacuteTgan sxuaTa cxovelebrivTa sulTa

ZalTa yovelTa zeda-mdgom ars da uZRvis

keTilisadmi marTebs da ganawesebsrdquo (str 1057)

citirebul strofSi araferia naTqvami iseTi rac organuli ar

aris ioane sinelis msoflmxedvelobisTvis amis sailustraciod ioane

sinelis teqstidan bevri adgilis damowmebaa SesaZlebeli erT maTganze

zemoT ukve visaubreT xolo aq msjelobas davasruleb saTnoebaTa kibis

pirvelive Tavis dasawyisiT ris gamoc ioane sineli zogierT mecniers

miuxedavad origenes araerTgzis pirdapiri kritikisa misi moZRvrebis

(apokaTastasisis) gamziarebladac ki miaCnia (kordoCkini 2003 27)

ldquoyovelTa romelTa enebos da eZiebden RmerTsa epoebis maT rameTu igi

ars yovelTa RmerTi da yovelTa cxorebaAacute urwmunoTa da morwmuneTaAacute

marTalTaAacute da codvilTaAacute uvnebelTa da vnebulTaAacute RmrTis-msaxurTaAacute da

6 adgilebs vefxistyaosnidan disertaciis am da sxva nawilSic vimowmebT ak SaniZis 1966 wlis gamocmidan 7 citatebs vimowmbT iv lolaSvilis mier gamocemuli teqstidan (petriwi 1968)

34

usjuloTaAacute erisaganTaAacute da monazonTaAacute brZenTaAacute da uswavlelTaAacute

mrTelTaAacute da uZlurTaAacute WabukTa da moxucebulTaAacute viTarca sivrc

naTlisaAacute da xilvaAacute mzisaAacute da bunebaAacute haerisaAacute yovelTa zeda ars

egreTve igi ars yovelTa cxorebaAacute da amis yovlisa momcemeli da

romelnica eZiebden epoebis maT rameTu ara arc SecvalebaAacute arca

TualT-RebaAacute mis Tana arca winaSe RmrTisardquo (sineli 1965 20)

amrigad ioane sineli uaRresad ganaTlebuli RvTismetyvelia

romelic kargad icnobs Tavisi epoqisTvis aqtualur filosofiur da

Teologiur koncefciebs teqstSi patristikuli literaturisa da

bibliis gverdiT Cans antikuri filosofiis codnac amdenad klemaqsis

TargmniT qarTul saazrovno sivrceSi Semodis aramarto epoqis

umniSvnelovanesi Zegli aramed masSi gamoyenebuli mniSvnelovani

medievaluri wyaroebic

35

amp 3 saTnoebaTa kibis gavlena momdevno epoqis literaturaze

saTnoebaTa kibem didi gavlena moaxdina mTels Semdegdroindel

bizantiur kulturaze evropul samecniero literaturaSi

argumentirebuli kvlevebiT dadgenilia rom ioane sinelis teqstis

uSualo gavlenas ganicdis Sua saukunis araerTi cnobili mwerali Tu

moazrovne kerZod isixi sineli ndash ioane sinelis erT-erTi pirveli

mowafe sinas mTis iRumeni romelic araerTgzis sityvasityviT moixmobs

citatebs saTnoebaTa kibidan (beki 1959 164-165) filoTeos sineli

romelic aseve xSirad mimarTavs saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts anastasi

sineli Tavis mTavar SromaSi kiTxva-migebaAacute araerTgzis iyenebs

saTnoebaTa kibes da kibis simbolosac (bogdanoviCi 1968 159-160)

saTnoebaTa kibe popularuli iyo studiis samonastro wreSic cnobili

moRvawe Teodore studieli erT-erT locvaSi ioane sinels moixseniebs

rogorc ldquobrZen mamasrdquo (bogdanoviCi 1968 160) pirdapiri gavlena moaxdina

saTnoebaTa kibem gansakuTrebiT ki 27-e sityvam dayudebisaTAcircs da

ganSorebisa da dacvisaTAcircs gonebisa (Περί ησυχίας) svimeon axal

RvTismetyvelze (beki 1959 585) romelic misi biografis nikita

stiTatis gadmocemiT jer isev siyrmeSi studiis monasterSi

misvlisTanave gaecno ioane sinelis Txzulebas xolo mis SromebSi

bibliis Semdeg yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba citatebi saTnoebaTa kibidan

(folkeri 1968 315-327) saTnoebaTa kibis didi gavlena igrZnoba aseve

bizantiuri himnografiis cnobil Zeglze andria kritelis did kanonze

(proxorovi 1985 256)

saTnoebaTa kibis kvali Cans SedarebiT gviandeli (XIV s) epoqis

gamorCeuli moRvaweebis grigol sinelisa da grigol palamas (XIII-XIV

ss) TxzulebebSic grigol sinels Tavadac Seudgenia teqsti romelsac

safexureobrivi struqtura hqonda xolo grigol palama gansakuTrebiT

xSirad imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibes (bogdanoviCi 1968 168-172)

sasuliero literaturis garda rusi literaturaTmcodneebi

saTnoebaTa kibis kvals xedaven XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis Teodor

dostoevskisa da nikoloz gogolis SemoqmedebaSi cnobilia rom

36

dostoevskis Tan dahqonda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti da iwerda misTvis

saintereso adgilebs am gavlenis kvali yvelaze TvalsaCinoa romanSi

Zmebi karamazovebi gogolis Sinelis mTavari personaJis akakis

prototipad ki swored saTnoebaTa kibis აmave saxelis mqone personaJi

akaki miaCniaT (Кордочкин 2011)

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna Sua saukuneebis teqstSi wyarosa da

gavlenis dadgena Tuki nawarmoebSive ar gvaqvs amaze pirdapiri miTiTeba

uaRresad rTulia aRvniSneT mizezic Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturuli tradiciisa da epoqis azrovnebis mTlianoba

monoliTuroba amis miuxedavad SevecdebiT visaubroT saTnoebaTa kibis

mimarTebaze SoTa rusTavelis vefxistyaosanTan aRniSnuli

mimarTulebiT kvlevas specialur literaturaSi garkveuli tradicia

aqvs kerZod iv lolaSvils mohyavs erTi strofi ioane petriwiseuli

galeqsili variantidan

ldquowinamdebare ese ganigone Sen

dumilisa gzad dafarulad gonebad

xolo enisa metyvelebad da cxadad

warmomCenelad gulisaTa vinaAacuteTgan

sjobs saqme uAtildemo sityuasa usaqmosardquo (str 195)

petriwis es qristianul-Teologiuri Sexeduleba mkvlevris azriT

emsgavseba vefxistyaosnis cnobil taepebs ldquogagicxada damaluli

gonebaman dafarulmardquo da ldquobolos asre gaacxadna gonebaman dafarulnirdquo

orivegan ldquogonebardquo da ldquodafaruli gonebardquo aris RmerTi poemis gmirebi

eZeben nestans da ai RmerTma apovnina is qajeTis cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli

amiT man gaacxada is didi saidumlo romlis gamJRavnebiT ldquoborotsa

sZlia keTilmanrdquo termini ldquodafaruli gonebardquo nasesxebia qristianuli

filosofiuri Sromebidan da SeiZleba poeti am SemTxvevaSi saTnoebaTa

kibiTac iyos STagonebuli (petriwi 1968 140)

rusTvelis teqstsa da saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseul

Targmans Soris gvxvdeba leqsikuri Tanxvedrebic rac sagangebod aqvs

aRniSnuli m baramiZes bdquoZveli qarTuli enis leqsikonebSi ar Cans petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis rdquomicilebardquo rdquoSecilebardquo daviwyebis

37

mniSvnelobiT sainteresoa rom ldquomicilebardquo am mniSvnelobiT aris

vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoar miscildebis TinaTin misi mas visgan swvav alirdquo

ldquorad davviwydi rad mivscildirdquo

aseve petre gelaTelis redaqciis zedsarTavis ndash rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da

misgan nawarmoebi zmnizedis - rdquouWrelodrdquo mniSvneloba konteqstiTa da

eqvTimes Targmanis mixedviTac aris marTali namdvili namdvilad

marTla erTgulad rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da rdquouWrelodrdquo Targmania berZnuli

teqstis sityvebisa αποικιλος da αποικιλως (PG vol 88 1001C) romlis aTi

mniSvnelobidan erT-erTi (mecxre) aris gaqnili eSmaki cbieri mzakvari

wyaroseuli αποικιλος (uWrelo) da αποικιλως (uWrelod) Wrelis (ποικιλος) da

Wrelad (ποικιλως) sityvebis sapirispiro mniSvnelobisaa am leqsikur

erTeulebsac paraleli eZebnebaT vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoradmca ra vhkadre mefesa Txroba rasaca Wrelisardquo

rdquoymaman uTxra momismine marTlad giTxrob ara Wreladrdquo

konteqstiT kargad Cans rom ldquoWrelirdquo ldquoWreladrdquo ldquomarTlisrdquo

ldquomarTladrdquo mniSvnelobis sapirispiroa ara Wrelad mniSvnelobiT igivea

rac saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis uWrelodrdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saintereso Sedegs mogvcems ori Zeglis am

mimarTulebiT Seswavlis gagrZeleba (baramiZe 2013 52-53)

garda zemoT dasaxelebuli leqsikuri Tu terminologiuri

msgavsebisa vefxistyaosansa da saTnoebaTa kibeSi gvxvdeba saerTo

koncefciebic amjerad yuradRebas mxolod or maTganze gavamaxvileb

rusTvelis mier Camoyalibebuli Teologiuri debuleba `SiSi

Seiqms siyvarulsa~ (10454) romelsac avtori mociquls miawers

`marTlad ityvis mociqulirdquo (10454) mecnierTa msjelobisa da kamaTis

sagnad qceula prof e xinTibiZe am debulebis wyarod ioanes pirveli

epistoles IV Tavs miiCnevs ldquoioanes pirveli epistoles IV Tavi

siyvarulis apologiaa swored aq gaSlis mociquli ioane qristianuli

Teosofiis ZiriTad Tezas `RmerTi siyvaruli ars~ (1 in 48) da rom

RmerTis siyvarulis gamovlenis forma moyvasis siyvarulia `RmerTi

arasada vis uxilavs ukueTu viyuarebodiT urTierTas RmerTi Cuen

Soris hgies da siyuaruli misi Cuen Soris aRsrulebul ars~ (I in 412)

38

swored am konteqstSi gviqadagebs ioane mociquli rom am didi

WeSmaritebis SecnobiT aResruleba CvenSi siyvaruli da siyvarulSi ki

aRar aris SiSi ndash giorgi mTawmidelis Targmani `16 da Cuen vcanT da

gurwmena siyuaruli romeli aqus RmerTsa Cuenda momarT RmerTi

siyuaruli ars da romeli egos siyuarulsa zeda RmerTi mis Tana hgies

da igi RmrTisa Tana 17 amiT aRsrulebul ars siyuaruli Cuen Soris

raAacuteTa gancxadebulebaAacute guaqundes dResa mas sasjelisasa rameTu

viTarca igi iyo da Cuenca varT sofelsa amas Sina 18 SiSi ara ars

siyuarulsa Tana aramed srulman siyuarulman gare gandevnis SiSi

rameTu SiSsa tanjvaAacute aqus xolo moSiSi igi ara srul ars siyuarulsa

zedardquo (xinTibiZe 2009 352-353) mkvlevari aseve miuTiTebs rusTvelis

winamorbed patristikul literaturaze kerZod ki grigol didis

dialoRonis eqvTime aToneliseul Targmanze sadac aseve Cans saubari

sulis SiSisagan siyvarulze gadasvlis Taobaze ldquomravalsaxed

ganiyofebis lmobierebaAacute da wesi cremlTa maTTa romelni mAtildeurvaliTa

guliTa inanden codvaTa maTTa amisTAcircs viTarca pirisagan monanulTasa

ityAcircs winawarmetyueli ieremia ganyofani wyalTani gamoecnes TualTa

CemTa aw ukue sacnaur ars viTarmed daRacaTu mravali ars saxe

cremlTaAacute aramed Tavni saxeni orni arian rameTu odes sulsa surodis

RmrTisa pirvel SiSisagan movlen cremlni da merme siyuarulisagan

rameTu pirvelad tirs monanuli da iglovs AtildesenebiTa codvaTa TacircsTaAacuteTa

da eSinis nuukue saukuneTa maT satanjvelTa mieces xolo odes amiT

wesiTa friad warematos merme SiSi igi moakldebis da iqmnebis RmrTisa

mier gulsavsebaAacute Sendobisa codvaTa misTa da merme movals sulsa mas

zeda siyuaruli RmrTisaAacute da survili sasufevelisa caTaAacutesa da romeli

igi pirvel tiroda SiSisaTAcircs satanjvelTasa ukanaAacutesknel tirs romel

Soravn sasufevlisagan rameTu ganicdin da gamoisaxavn gonebaAacute viTarni

arian mAtildeedrobani angelozTani da rabam arian brwyinvalebani da

Suenierebani maTni da raAacute sawadel ars maT Tana yofaAacute da Tu viTarni

arian saSuebelni wmindaTa mowameTa da mamaTani amisgan kualad miiwevis

gonebaAacute Atildesenebad da survilad didebisa RmrTisa da gonebn Tu viTar

miefinebis angelozTaA zeda da wmidaTa naTeli pirisa misisaAacute amaT

eseviTarTa keTilTa raAacute igonebn diodian TualTagan misTa mdinareni

39

cremlTani da Tu vin Sors ars maT keTilTagan esreT ukue iqnebis

sruli igi lmobierebaAacute da WeSmariti igi gloaAacute SiSisagan siyuarulad

miavlens sulsa mas da amas gamosaxavs werili saxismetyuelebiT~ (ix

xelnaweri A-121 furc 108-110 soxaZe 2002 52-53) (xinTibiZe 2009 354-355)

rusTvelamdeli patristikuli literaturidan zemoT dasaxelebul

wyaros sadac SiSi da siyvaruli gverdigverd aris moTavsebuli

SegviZlia davumatoT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibec

vefxistyaosniseuli Teologiuri debuleba SiSis siyvarulad

transformirebis Sesaxeb ioane sinelis teqstis imdenad bevr konteqstSi

iCens Tavs rom am teqstis mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini sadisertacio

naSromSi sagangebod uZRvnis calke Tavs am sakiTxs Fear and love (SiSi da

siyvaruli) (kordoCkini 2003 259) mas mohyavs Sesabamisi damowmebani

saTnoebaTa kibidan ldquoaRorZinebaAacute SiSisa RmrTisaAacute ars dasabami

siyuarulisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 515 PGvol88 1157C) SiSi pirdapir kavSirSia

siyvarulTan ldquoraoden siyvaruli daakldebodis SiSi ganmravldebisrdquo

(sineli 1965 511 PG Vol 88 1156B) radgan SiSi SeiZleba iqces erTgvar

winapirobad siyvarulisTvis ldquoromelman SiSisagan satanjvelTaAacutesa yos

sofliT gamoslvaAacute misi mravalgzis cecxlsa STagdebulsa sakumevelsa

miemsgavsis romelman pirvelad iwyis sulnelebad da ukuanaAacutesknel

gardaiqcis kuamladrdquo (sineli 1965 26 PG Vol 88 637A) ioane sineli

saubrobs ra momnanie berebze romelTac xorcieli erosi gardaqmnes

sulier siyvarulad askvnis ldquoyovelsave SiSsa meyseulad Tana-warhAtildedes

da siyvarulad RmrTisa miiwivnesrdquo (sineli 1965 145 PG Vol 88 777A)

vfiqrobT dasaxelebuli pasaJebi qmnis naTel warmodgenas SiSi-

siyvarulis monacvleobis ioane sineliseul aRqmaze amgvari adgilebi

teqstSi bevria andrei kordoCkini asaxelebs Sua saukuneebis avtorebs

romelTa SemoqmedebaSic ikveTeba es Teologiuri debuleba eseni arian

origene antoni didi (ldquome aRar meSinia RmerTis radganac me miyvars igirdquo

ndash Apophthegmata Alph Anthony 32) makari egvipteli maqsime aRmsarebeli

romelic SiSsa da imeds ukavSirebs asketuri moRvaweobis pirvel etaps

ndash praqsiss xolo siyvaruls ufro maRal safexurs ndash xedvas Teorias

(kordoCkini 2003 261) vfiqrobT amgvaradve esmis ioane sinels SiSi-

siyvarulis dinamika andrei kordoCkinis SeniSvniT ioane sineli

40

yovelTvis ar akonkretebs saubrobs sasjelis SiSze Tu RvTis SiSze

magram erTi ram cxadia ndash SiSis mdgomareoba yovelTvis win uswrebs

siyvarulis mdgomareobas xolo es ukanaskneli aris STagoneba misTvis

(kordoCkini 2009 263)

amgvarad rusTveliseuli debulebis ldquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

prof elguja xinTibiZis mier gamovlenil wyaros grigol didis

dialoRons Cveni mxriv davumatebT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibes

romelic aseve iqneboda xelmisawvdomi vefxistyaosnis avtorisTvis

zemoT warmodgenil mosazrebas saTnoebaTa kibisa da

vefxistyaosnis calkeuli pasaJebis msgavsebasTan dakavSirebiT kidev

erTs SevmatebT da sakiTxis ukeT gamosakveTad msjelobas cota Soridan

daviwyebT

sulisa da sxeulis interaqciis sakiTxi erT-erTi ZiriTadi

problemaa romelzec msjelobs TiTqmis yvela filosofiuri

mimdinareoba da sxvadasxva religiuri sistema sakiTxi aqtualuria

rogorc antikur filosofiur saazrovno sivrceSi ise Sua saukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi Sesabamisad droTa ganmavlobaSi

Camoyalibda gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi da Teoriebi winamdebare

paragrafSi sakiTxis literaturul-filosofiuri tradiciis

gaTvaliswinebiT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis erT pasaJs

davasaxelebT vefxistyaosnis erT-erT SesaZlo wyarod vefxistyaosnis

CemTvis saintereso gansaxilveli taepis avtoria nawarmoebis erT-erTi

mTavari gmiri _ avTandili megobris dasaxmareblad mimavali avTandili

tovebs anderZs sadac Tavisi saqcielis gasamarTleblad ambobs rom is

ver uRalatebs ver moatyuebs WirSi Cavardnil moyvares radganac

rdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsardquo (st 791)

uSualod sakvlev Temaze gadasvlamde oriode sityviT SevexebiT

sulis Sesaxeb antikur Teoriebsa da sulisa da sxeulis

urTierTmimarTebis problemas Cv w aR-mde V saukunis bolos antikur

saberZneTSi suli gaigeba rogorc cocxali qmnilebebis ganmasxvavebeli

niSani romelsac SeiZleba hqonoda emocia pasuxismgeblobisa da

praqtikuli azrovnebis unari suli matarebelia iseTi saTnoebebis

rogoricaa simamace da samarTlianoba antikuri azrovneba sulis ideas

41

ganixilavs Zalian farTod rogorc cocxali organizmis yvelanair

moqmedebas es koncefcia yvelaze amomwuravad aisaxa aristoteles

filosofiaSi

heraklites azriT suli sxeulebrivia Sezavebuli

araCveulebrivad kargi da iSviaTi saxeobis materiisgan sulis amgvari

sxeulebrivi xedva erTgvarad xsnida sulsa da sxeuls Soris

urTierTobis problemas _ isini ar moiazreboda erTmaniTisgan

radikalurad gansxvavebul kategoriebad

platonis mixedviT suli aris kognituri da inteleqtualuri

suli aris is rac msjelobs fiqrobs da rac aregulirebs da

akontrolebs sxeulsa da mis survilebs gansakuTrebiT Tu es brZeni

sulia igi moicavs iseT Tvisebebs rogoricaa moTmineba samarTlianoba

simamace platons sulis arsi orgvarad esmis rogorc ganmasxvavebeli

moZravis da uZravis da rogorc pasuxismgebeli adamianis ara yvela

mentalur da fsiqologiur qmedebaze aramed mxolod mis garkveul

nawilze

fedonSi sokrate bevr Tvisebas miawers ara suls aramed sxeuls

magaliTad crurwmenas siamovnebas (Pl Phaed 83d) aseve survils da SiSs

(Pl Phaed 94d) sulis funqciaa sxeulis amgvari miswrafebebis

regulacia da kontroli imave dros suli ar aris mxolod

inteleqtualuri radgan mas aqvs aseve survilebi (Pl Phaed 81d)

(magaliTad arafilosofiuri sulis xorcieli siyvaruli (Έρως) (Pl

Phaed 80b) an kidev SimSilis sxeulebrivi survili rasac ar avlens

arasulieri usulo sagani Tumca verc imas vityviT rom suli ayalibebs

amgvar survilebs fedonSi ar aris mkveTrad gamijnuli sakvebis

intensiuri survili modis sulidan Tu xorcidan rogorc Cans

xorcieli survili dakavSirebulia sulTan iseve rogorc procesebi

metabolizmsa da sxeulis zrdaSi (es procesebic ukavSirdeba imas rom

sxeuls gaaCnia suli)

aristoteles Teoria sulis Sesaxeb amomwuravad aris gaSlili mis

traqtatSi De Anima romlis mixedviTac cocxali organizmis yvela

sasicocxlo funqcia miewereba suls igi pasuxismgebelia sxvadasxva

cocxali organizmis qmedebaze da aseve aris ganmasxvavebeli niSani

42

cocxal da aracocxal organizms Soris urTierToba sulsa da sxeuls

Soris aris konkretuli nimuSi ufro zogadi urTieTobisa formasa da

materias Soris (De Anima 22 413a32 23 415a9) aristoteles mixedviT

suli ar aris sxeulebrivi da xorcieli anu materialuri Tumca

platonis poziciis sapirispirod igi fiqrobs rom adamianis suls

sxeulisgan damoukidebeli arseboba ar SeuZlia (De Anima 11 403a3-25 esp

5-16)

sulis antikur Teoriebs gansakuTrebiT platonisa da

aristoteles moZRvrebebs ar daukargavT aqtualoba Semdeg periodSic

qristiani mwerlebi grigol noseli da klimenti aleqsandrieli

davalebulni arian swored platonisgan Tumca sakiTxis gaazrebaSi

SemoaqvT axali niuansebi miuxedavad amisa am da sxva filosofiuri

problemebis postklasikuri ganviTarebis interpretacia unda xdebodes

yvela SemTxvevaSi klasikuri Teoriebis CarCosa da konteqstSi

(lorenci 2009)

amgvarad sulisa da sxeulis funqciis maTi urTierTmimarTebis

sakiTxi antikuri samyarodan moyolebuli yvela didi moazrovnis

gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani yofila maTi arsis raobis gansazRvra

miT ufro arsebiTi iyo ramdenadac swored amis safuZvelze xdeboda

SesaZlebeli adamianis ama Tu im midrekilebis srulyofili analizi da

gamovlena im saSualebebisa romliTac daiTrguneboda amgvari

arasasurveli midrekilebani

aRniSnuli problema metad aqtualuria Suasaukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri azrovnebisTvisac qristianulma religiam

ufro mkveTrad dasva sxeulisa da sulis urTiermimarTebis problema

gaCnda uamravi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego Teoria iyo azrTa sxvaoba

gansakuTrebiT qristianuli religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapebze

qristianuli anTropologia ganviTarda rogorc qristologiis erTi

nawili amitom Zalian rTulia patristikul literaturaSi mwyobri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebis povna garkveuli dilemebi Cans aseve

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibeSic (kordoCkini 2003 34)

gadavideT uSualod sakvlev sakiTxze ndash ioane sinelis teqstze

romlis erTi pasaJi SesaZloa iyos rusTavelis Teologiuri debulebis

43

_ bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) _ wyaro

saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso Teza moTavsebulia teqstis im

safexurSi romelic exeba siZvas bdquoromelnime vnebani gonebisagan xorcTa

momarT movlen da romelnime kualad xorcTagan gonebad da soflioTa

Tana meore ese iqnebis xolo udabnos myofTa Tana pirveli igi rameTu

ara arian maT Tana nivTni nebaTani xiluladldquo (sineli 1965 268)

upirveles yovlisa SevecdebiT ganvmartoT moyvanili pasaJi

imisaTvis rom gavigoT Tu ras gulisxmobs avtori ris Semdegac

paraleli vefxistyaosanTan ufro cxadi da gasagebi gaxdeba teqstSi

gamoyenebuli cneba _ goneba _ semantikurad sulis Tanafardia rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT qristianul literaturaSi da gansakuTrebiT sulier

cxovrebaze daweril traqtatebSi ar aris mosalodneli sistemuri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebisa da Sesabamisad mwyobrad gansazRvruli

anTropologiuri terminologiis povna saTnoebaTa kibe ar aris

anTropologiuri naSromi da Sesabamisad anTropologiuri

terminologiis gamoyenebisas avtori ar icavs mkveTr zRvars maT

gasamijnad (kordoCkini 2003 34) amgvari ldquoaRrevardquo damaxasiaTebelia Sua

saukuneebis patristikuli literaturisTvis ediSer WeliZe grigol

palamas teqstze _ aRsareba marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa _ darTul

komentarebSi aRniSnavs rom ldquosulsrdquo anu ldquopnevmasrdquo saxeldeben agreTve

gonebad (νοῦς) olimpiodore aleqsandrieli ldquopnevmasrdquo ase ganmartavs bdquoigi

vfiqrob aris agreTve goneba (νοῦς)ldquo pnevmis aRiarebam fsiqes nawilad

rac met-naklebad yvela saeklesio RvTismetyvelTan vlindeba gamoiwvia

ldquopnevmisrdquo sinonimuri saxeldebis gonebis (νοῦς) agreTve ldquofsiqeSirdquo CarTva

(WeliZe 2012 153-154)

bevr qristian mweralTan maT Soris ioane sinelTanac ldquogonebardquo

da ldquogulirdquo gansazRvrebuli ki ar aris aramed isini SeiZleba aRiweros

mxolod maTi moqmedebebis Sesabamisad amdenad ioane sineli ldquogulsrdquo da

ldquosulsrdquo an kidev ldquogonebasrdquo da ldquosulsrdquo (psixes) xSirad sinonimebad iyenebs

(kordoCkini 2003 31-34) ase magaliTad ioane sineli ldquogonebaSirdquo rom

ldquosulsrdquo gulisxmobs amas kidev erTxel adasturebs saTnoebaTa kibis

SiSisadmi miZRvnili safexuri avtori semantikurad imave azrs

aviTarebs rac zemoT moviyvaneT oRond am SemTxvevaSi ldquogonebasrdquo cvlis

44

ldquosuliTrdquo bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da odesme pirvelad xorcni

da meore igi ziar-yvis vnebisa mis romelmac pirvelad miiRis igildquo

(sineli 1965 299) aqve oriode sityviT SevexebiT ras gulisxmobs avtori

SiSSi da moviSveliebT ioane damaskelis gardamocemis samocdameSvide

Tavs sadac avtori ganmartavs bdquoSiSisldquo saxels ormagi gaazreba aqvs

radgan arsebobs bunebiTi SiSi rodesac ar nebavs suls sxeulisgan

ganyofa arsebobs kidev SiSi rac warmoiqmneba azrTa Ralatis

urwmunoebisa da sikvdilis Jamis arcodnis Sedegad rogorc magaliTad

gvaSinebs RamiT momxdari ram xmauri es SiSi bunebis garegania da

ganvsazRvravT ra mas vambobT bdquobunebis garegani SiSi aris gauazrebeli

ganridebaldquo (ioan damask gard 2000 416-417) rogorc vxedavT saTnoebaTa

kibis warmodgenil konteqstSi igulisxmeba swored arabunebiTi SiSi

amgvarad ioane sineli saubrobs vnebaze codvaze romelic

SeiZleba warmoiSvas xorcSi da Semdgom ukve gadaeces da daazianos

suli an kidev piriqiT am fonze sainteresod gveCveneba sulisa da

sxeulis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis avtoriseuli xedva ra tendenciebi

ikveTeba saTnoebaTa kibis teqstSi am mimarTulebiT

saTnoebaTa kibeSi aisaxa yvela ZiriTadi idea iseTi mistikur-

asketikuri filosofiuri mimdinareobisa rogoricaa isixazmi igi

metafizikur-anTropologiuri azriT monisturia adamiani sxeulebrivi

da sulieri saxiT erTi mTlianobaa _ ontologiuri monada misi suli

iseve Zlier aris daSorebuli RvTisgan rogorc sxeuli Sesabamisad

ganwmendis (wmindanobis) fenomeni erTnairad miRwevadia aramarto

sulisTvis aramed sxeulisTvisac (popova 2011 22) aqedan gamomdinare

codva (miuxedavad misi sxeulebrivi Tu sulismieri warmomavlobisa)

azianebs adamianis orive nawils sulsac da sxeulsac rogorc erT

mTlianobas saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso epizodSi xazgasmaa

imaze rom codva nebismier SemTxvevaSi moicavs adamians mTlianobaSi

ubralod daculia rigiToba codvis warmomSobi moqmedi SeiZleba

iyos xan suli xan kidev sxeuli (bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da

odesme pirvelad xorcni da meore igi ziarndashyvis vnebisa mis romelmac

pirvelad miiRis igildquo (sineli 1965 299) amgvar pozicias ioane sineli

aviTarebs moulodnelad logikuri msjelobis gareSe radgan cota

45

ufro zemoT avtori sakmaod ldquodabneulirdquo Cans ldquoromelnime ityAcircan

viTarmed gulis-sityuaTagan gulisaTa movlen Atildeorcni vnebad da

aRZvrad da kualad sxuani ityAcircan viTarmed sacnobelTagan AtildeorcTaAacutesa

iSvebian borotni gulis-sityuani dapirvelni igi ityAcircan viTarmed

ukueTumca gonebaAacute ara winamZRuar qmnul iyo vnebisa Atildeorcnimca ara

miyolil iyvnes xolo meoreni igi AtildeorcTa vnebisa siborotesa Semwed

TAcircsisa sityAcircsa sityuasa moiReben da ityAcircan viTarmed _ mravalgzis

xilviTa pirisaAacuteTa anu SexebiTa AtildeelisaAacuteTa anu ynosiTa sulnelebisaAacuteTa

anu smeniTa Atildemisa hamoAacutesaAacuteTa movlen gulis-sityuani gulad amaT saqmeTa

WeSmaritebaAacute romelsa Zal-edvas uflisa mier gamoacxaden da guaswavenrdquo

(sineli 1965 267) avtoris ldquodabneulobardquo savaraudod mianiSnebs im

epoqiseul dilemaze romlis winaSec aRmoCnda ioane sineli roca jer

kidev mimdinareobs diskusiebi da msjelobebi sxvadasxva qristianuli

dogmatikisTvis arsebiT sakiTxze es bunebrivic Cans qristianuli

religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapze konteqsti gvaCvenebs rom ioane

sinelma icis Tavis Tanamedrove moazrovneebs Soris arsebuli

sxvadasxva poziciis Tu diskusiis Sesaxeb miuxedavad erTgvari

meryeobisa ioane sineli mainc eTanxmeba Sua saukuneebis qristianul

tradiciaSi arsebul Teorias sulismieri da xorcismieri codvebis

diferenciaciis Sesaxebs romelic cotaTi adre ufro mkafiod aqvs

warmodgenili IV_V saukuneebis mijnaze moRvawe ber ioane kasianes Tavis

traqtatSi ndash Svid momakvdinebel codvaze rogorc zemoT vnaxeT ioane

sineli sargeblobs da miuTiTebs kidec ioane kasianeze rogorc teqstis

erTerT wyaroze ioane kasianes azriT vnebebi iyofa xorciel da

mSvinvier saxeobad xorcieli vneba sxeulSi iSveba da mas atkbobs

xolo mSvinvieri samSvinvelis midrekilebidan momdinareobs da

samSvinvels kvebavs da xandaxan xorcsac azianebs ioane kasiane ufro

metadac akonkretebs sakiTxs da CamoTvlis Tu romeli codvebi

warmoiSoba xorcSisxeulSi da romeli sulSi (cassian 4344) amgvarad

codvis dayofa sulismierad da sxeulismierad Sua saukuneebis

qristianuli azrovnebisTvis nacnobi da aqtualuri Temaa magram

gansxvavebiT ioane kasianesgan ioane sineli amgvari dayofis ZiriTad

mamoZravebel mizezad garemos miiCnevs ndash rogorc saTnoebaTa kibis

46

teqstidan gamoCnda vneba moicavs jer sxeuls Tuki saero adamianTan

gvaqvs saqme da suls Tuki monazonze vsaubrobT radganac saero piri

met cdunebas xvdeba garemomcveli pirobebis gamo vefxistyaosnis

striqoni bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo rogorc

viciT ekuTvnis avTandils saero pirs rostevan mefis spaspets

amgvarad saTnoebaTa kibis ganxiluli pasaJidan gamomdinare

mosalodnelia rom codva vneba Tavdapirvelad moicavs avTandilis

rogorc saero piris sxeuls radganac igi saTanadod ar aris daculi

mravalferovani sacdurisgan romelic saero pirs garemomcveli

pirobebis gamo ufro metad ebrZvis imis sailustraciod rom

vefxistyaosniseuli rdquoavnebsrdquo ar unda gavigoT rogorc ziani am

SemTxvevaSi xorcis ziani Tavisi viwro SinaarsiT _ sxeulis

dasneuleba SeiZleba davimowmoT erTi epizodi ioanes saxarebidan am

epizodis mixedviT macxovris mier gankurnebuli kacis avadmyofobis

mizezi warsulSi Cadenili codva Cans romelmac Tavi iCina fizikuri

sneulebis saxiT rdquoamisa Semdgomad pova igi iesu taZarsa mas da hrqua mas

aha egera gankurnebul xar nuRara scodav raAacuteTa ara uZAcircresi geyosldquo (in

5 5-14) amgvarad esmiT moyvanili saxarebiseuli epizodi bibliis teqstis

cnobil egzegetikosebsac (Teofilaqte bulgareli Toma aqvineli)

magram codva vneba romelsac adamiani sCadis TviT saxarebis

mixedviTac ki yovelTvis ar iCens Tavs sneulebis saxiT rogorc e

xinTibiZe aRniSnavs vefxistyaosanSi gadaWriT da kategoriulad aris

naTqvami rom codva am SemTxvevaSi sicrue da orpiroba yovelTvis

gamonaklisis gareSe avnebs xorcs da mere suls (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

amitom frazis avnebs xorcsa gageba viwro mniSnelobiT rogorc

sxeulis dasneuleba _ arasworia radgan vefxistyaosnis kategoriuli

toni ndash mankierebiT Tanmimdevrulad xorcsa da sulze miyenebuli zianis

Sesaxeb arc saxarebaSi Cans piriqiT saxarebaSi xazgasmulia rom vneba

yovelTvis ar gamovlindeba fizikuri sneulebis saxiT aqedan

gamomdinare gamarTlebulad mimaCnia cnebis avnebs ioane damaskeliseuli

interpretacia definicia bdquovnebaAacute erTsaxel ars da orpir rameTu vneba

ewodebis Atildeorcielsaca viTar-igi arian senni da wuTxni da kualad

sulierTaca vnebad saxel-edebis viTar igi arian gulisTqumaAacute da

47

guliswyromaAacuteldquo cota qvemoT vnebulebas ioane damaskeli ganmartavs

rogorc bunebis sawinaaRmdego moZraobas bdquoaw ukue moqmedeba ars

bunebiTi aRZrvaAacute xolo vnebaAacute gareSe ars bunebisaAacute vinaAacuteca amaTve

mizezTagan moqmedebaAacuteca igi vnebad iTqumis raJams ara bunebiTi iyos

aRZvraAacute igi gina Tu TaviT TacircsiT anu Tu sxAcircsa mier SemTxueulildquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 126) vnebuleba aris yvela moZraoba romelic aris

mZafri da romelic grZnobaSi Semodis sicrue da orpiroba bunebis

sawinaaRmdego moZraobaa igi avnebs anu am sawinaaRmdego moZraobisken

ubiZgebs jer xorcs rogorc am vnebis warmoSobis pirvelad mizezs da

Semdeg ukve suls rasac sabolood mivyavarT sulieri samaradiso

cxovrebis zianamde meore mxriv codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva sxva

ra SeiZleba iyos Tu ara ziani bdquoavnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo SeiZleba

gavigoT rogorc codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva rac TavisTavad

vnebaa ziania da am vnebis Tavdapirveli matarebeli vefxistyaosnis

mixedviT swored sxeulia rogorc ukve aRvniSneT avTandili rogorc

saero piri ufro naklebad aris daculi xorcieli sacdurisgan da

Sesabamisad codvac romelic SeiZleba Caidinos man pirvel rigSi

sxeulebrivia sxeulSi aRmocendeba da Semdeg moicavs sulsac bdquovgmob

kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansaldquo (799) ndash es ukve aris adamiani

romlisTvisac sicrue da orpiroba erjeradi qmedeba ki aRar aris

aramed cxovrebis wesi misi bunebis nawilia amgvari kaci saiqiosac ver

gamarTldeba da RvTis winaSe Sercxvenili da codvili warsdgeba

Cemi azriT mocemuli striqonis amgvari ganmarteba da mis wyarod

swored saTnoebaTa kibis miCneva ufro myardeba teqstis erT-erTi

safexuriT misive Tqmuli tyuvilisaTAcircs dasaxelebuli safexuri

miZRvnilia sicruisadmi rogorc sulier kibeze aRmavali

qristianisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze xelisSemSlel vnebaze teqstSi

vkiTxulobT _ bdquotyuvili ars ganmryuneli siyuarulisaAacute da mSobeli cru-

ficobisaAacute romel ars RmrTisa uaris-yofaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 216)

sicrue ioane sinelis Txzulebis mixedviT RmerTis uaryofaa

RmerTis uaryofa ki udavod yovelgvari ubedurebis sawyisia bdquoradgan

Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubadobisa me rad gavwiro moyvare Zma umtkicesi

Zmobisaldquo (st 792) _ ambobs avTandili anderZSi sxva magaliTic vnaxoT

48

bdquoorgulebaAacute dedaAacute ars tyuvilisaAacute da saqme misi rameTu orgulebaAacute sxuaAacute

araraAacute ars garna wrTuaAacute tyuilisaAacute da mopovnebaAacute ficTa cudTaAacuteldquo

(sineli 1965 217) vefxistyaosanSic Ralati ficis gatexa da sicrue

erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli da erTnairad Seuwynarebeli

danaSaulia

bdquoSen gastexe fici Cemi simtkice da igi mcneba

RmerTman qmna da dagirCina cudad Seni xelovnebaldquo (528)

an kidev

bdquokvlaca vhkadre bdquome Tu mzeo TqvenTvis fici gametexos

RmerTman awve risxva misi zeciT CemTvis gaamexosldquo (535)

bdquoSen ar-gatexa kargi gWirs zenaarisa ficisaldquo (708)

vefxistyaosanSi fici dakavSirebulia RmerTTan nawarmoebis

personaJebs swamT rom ficis gatexa da sicrue RvTis risxvis

gamomwvevia

bdquovgmob kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansa

ver vecruvebi ver vuzam saqmesa saZabunosa

piris-pir marcxvens ornive mivalT mas saukunosaldquo (799)

_ wers avTandili anderZSi romelSic agrZelebs sicruis da orpirobis

Temas da gansazRvravs mosalodnel Sedegs rom saukuno cxovrebaSi

RmerTis pirispir am vnebis gamo Sercxvenili iqneba analogiuri azria

gatarebuli saTnoebaTa kibeSic sicruesTan da cru ficTan mimarTebiT

vinc daZlevs am safexurs igi WeSmaritebas moipovebs ldquoese meTormete

kibe ars romeli mZle eqmnas amas guelsa mas Ziri keTilTaAacute mougies

romel ars WeSmaritebaAacuteldquo (sineli 1965 219)

avTandilma icis rom sicrue da megobris Ralati dausjeli ar

darCeba misi es codna ki moiTxovs praqtikul ganxorcielebas

bdquoara viqm codna ras margebs filasofosTa brZnobisa

miT viswavlebiT mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa ldquo (792)

qmedebaSi moyvanili sibrZne erTi pirobaa RmerTTan misasvlelad

da WeSmaritebis mosapoveblad tyuili ki erT-erTi mTavarTagania im

mankierebaTa Soris rac uSlis adamians xels saTnoebaTa kibeze

amaRlebaSi RmerTTan ziarebasa da amgvarad WeSmaritebis mopovebaSi

bdquorameTu sulman wmidaman saSinelad Tqua misTAcircs daviT

49

winaswarmetyuelisaAacuteTa viTarmed romeli ityodis sicruesa mas ara

waremarTos winaSe TualTa CemTaldquo (sineli 1965 216) amgvarad

vefxistyaosanSic da saTnoebaTa kibeSic erTnairad Seuwynarebel

codvad iTvleba sicrue igi yovelgvari ubedurebis mizezia da am mankis

dauZlevelad SeuZlebelia morig sulier safexurze amaRleba

saTnoebaTa kibis erT-erTi pirveli Targmani eqvTime aTonels

ekuTvnis aRsaniSnavia rom vefxistyaosanSi gamoyenebuli qarTulenovani

wyaroebi ZiriTadad eqvTime aTonelis Targmanebidan momdinareobs

razec prof elguja xinTibiZe miuTiTebs kidec rdquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

frazis wyaros Ziebisas

amgvari msjelobis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom

rusTaveli savaraudod icnobda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts misi romelime

Targmanidan am varauds mxars uWers e xinTibiZis mosazreba bdquorusTaveli

aSkarad emyareba ara mxolod biblias aramed mTel qarTulenovan

sasuliero mwerlobasldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 356-357) sakiTxi romlis Sesaxebac

iwereboda uzarmazari filosofiuri Tu Teologiuri traqtatebi

mxolod erTi striqoniT gadmoica rusTavelTan romelsac amave

striqonSi win uZRvis miTiTeba gamoTqmuli azris avtorze _ bdquome sityvasa

erTsa gkadreb platonisgan swavla Tqmulsa sicrue da orpiroba avnebs

xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) avtoris amgvari dakonkreteba gaxda

safuZveli imisa rom platonis filosofiaSi eZiaT am frazis wyaro

Tumca amgvari azris pirdapiri formulireba platonis dialogebSi ar

Cans8

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis mniSvneloba Sua saukuneebis

kulturisTvis ganapirobebs teqstis farTo gamoyenebas epoqis gamorCeul

moRvaweTagan ucxoenovan samecniero literaturaSi ioane sinelis

teqstis gavlenas xedaven ara marto Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturaze aramed XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis SemoqmedebaSic

saTnoebaTa kibis gavlenis Semdgomi kvleva Sua saukuneebis da gviani

periodis qarTul literaturaze vfiqrobT saintereso suraTs

8 sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria ix e xinTibiZe bdquoplatonisgan swavla Tqmuli da

misi msoflmxedvelobiTi datvirTvaldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

50

warmogviCens rasac samomavlo perspeqtivad vsaxavT amjerad ki Cveni

kvleva Semoifargla mxolod rusTavelis vefxistyaosniT

51

Tavi II

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturuli da stiluri Taviseburebani

naSromis SesavalSi ukve aRvniSneT rom qarTulad SemorCenilia

saTnoebaTa kibis ori sruli Targmani (eqvTime aToneliseuli da petre

gelaTeliseuli) prozaul teqstze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili ori sruli

poeturi versia (ioane sineliseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli) da aseve

qeTevan bezaraSvilis mier bolo wlebSi aRmoCenili saTnoebaTa kibis

poeturi teqstis fragmentebi romelic CarTuli aRmoCnda grigol

nazianzelis TxzulebebSi naSromis winamdebare TavSi warmodgenili

kvleva moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturasa da stils aseve poeturi teqstebis versifikacias

52

amp 1 saTnoebaTa kibis struqturuli Tavisebureba

berZnuli teqstis struqturuli da kompoziciuri Taviseburebis

sakiTxi metad aqtualuria specialur (ZiriTadad inglisur da

rusulenovan) samecniero literaturaSi amitom sanam SemogTavazebdeT

uSualod sakuTar dakvirvebas qarTuli Targmanebis struqturaze

mokled mimovixilav sakiTxis Seswavlis istorias da ZiriTad

mosazrebebs

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema rogorc ukve aRiniSna dRemde ar arsebobs

aRvniSneT aseve rom met-naklebad ukeTes gamocemad miiCneva meTiu

raderis (Matthew Rader) mier momzadebuli teqsti (PG vol 88 596-1209)

teqsts winasityvaobis saxiT darTuli aqvs kardinal robert

belarminos Sromis - eklesiis mweralTa Sesaxeb ndash is nawili romelic

eZRvneba ioane sinels aseve meTiu raderis Sesavali werili teqstisa da

avtoris Sesaxeb Sesavals mosdevs raiTis monastris beris danielis

mier aRwerili ioane sinelis cxovreba raiTis monastris iRumenis

ioanes epistole ioane sinelisadmi ioane sinelis sapasuxo epistole

ioane raiTelisadmi Sesavali (ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ) pinaqsi sakuTriv teqsti da

traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) aseve Targmanebebi

romelic erTvis teqstis yvela safexurs aRsaniSnavia rom berZnul

teqstSi Tavebs ewodeba sityva (λογος) xolo laTinur TargmanSi xarisxi

(Gradus) (PG vol 88 596-1209) aRiniSna aseve rom meTiu raderiseuli

teqstisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels konstantinepolSi aTonis

mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT gamosca berma sofroniusma

sofroniusis da meTiu raderis teqstebSi garda uSualod teqstualuri

gansxvavebebisa sxvadasxvaa TavTa Tanmimdevrobac (kordoCkini 200314)

rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime

aToneliseuli Targmanis struqtura Semdegnairia nawarmoebs SesavalSi

darTuli aqvs mTargmnelis eqvTime aTonelis anderZi romelic moicavs

mokle instruqciაsa da informacias teqstis Sesaxeb anderZs mosdevs

kibAgrave saTnoebaTaAacute cad aRmyvanebeli Tqmuli daniil monazonisa

raiTelisa wignisa amisTAcircs sulTa ganmanaTleblisaAacute romelsa ewodebis

53

klemaqsi romel ars kibAgrave cxorebaAacute wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa

ioane sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute moZRurebiTa ganTqumulisa sulTa

ganmanaTlebelisa da WeSmaritad sanatrelisaAacute romeli ese aRwera

daniil monazonman raiTelman ebistole wmidisa mamisa iovane raiTel

mamasaxlisisaAacute sanatrelisa iovanes mimarT sinel mamasaxlisisa

ebistolAgrave wmidisa da netarisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisa iovanes mimarT

raiTel mamasaxlisisa romelsa zeda-werili ese ars ficarni sulieri

iovane iovanes axarebs amas mohyveba sakuTriv teqsti Semdegi zogadi

saTauriT swavlani wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisani

romelni miuZRuanna mamasa iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa rameTu eTxoa

mas misgan raAacuteTa aRwernes swavlani monazonTa mimarT saRmToAacute kibe

saTnoebaTaAacute teqstis bolo nawilia misive wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane

sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute mwyemsisa da winamZRurisa mimarT romeli-ese misca

sxuaTa amaT pirvel-TqumulTa TavTa Tana iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa

romelsa eTxova misgan raAacuteTa dauwernes swavlani monagonebisani

nawarmoebs boloSi darTuli aqvs Targmanebebi (sineli 1965) aRniSnuli

Targmanebebi berZnul teqstSi erTvis TiToeul Tavs xolo eqvTime

aTonels isini erTad mouTavsebia teqstis boloSi (cincaZe 1965 53)

prof meri cincaZe eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis Sesaval nawilze

dakvirvebis Sedegad askvnis rom qarTul redaqciaSi berZnuli (meTiu

raderis) redaqciisgan gansxvavebuli rigia daculi (cincaZe 1965 43)

eqvTime aTonelis teqstis rigia daculi (anderZis gamoklebiT) petre

gelaTelis TargmanSic (prologi) aha pinaqsi saRmrToAacutesa klimaqsisaAacute

daniil minazonisa raiTelisaAacute cxovrebisami uflisa ioannis

sxolastikosisa cxorebaAacute SemkuAgraveTebiTi amba ioanni winamZRurisa wmidisa

mTisa sinaAacutesaAacute zedwodebiT sxolastikosisa wmidaTa SorisosaAacute

WeSmaritad epistole amba ioanni winamZRurisa raiTisaAacute ioannis mimarT

RirssakAcircrvelisa sinisa mTisa winamZRurisa ioannis ioanni gixaroden (A-

39)

rac Seexeba poetur teqstebs ioane petriwiseuli varianti

moicavs saTnoebaTa kibis mxolod ZiriTad teqsts zogierT xelnawerSi

teqsts Tan erTvis TxuTmeti iambikuri strofi romelTagan pirveli

strofi akrostiqulia da ikiTxeba Semdegi saTauri SAcircdTaTAcircs vnebaTa

54

ars teqsti moicavs opoziciur wyvilebs ndash Svidi momakvdinebeli codva

da maTi sapirispiro saTnoebebi iv lolaSvilis varaudiT am teqstis

avtoric SesaZloa ioane petriwi iyos (petriwi 1968 255) SeniSnulia rom

saTnoebaTa kibisadmi SvidTaTvis vnebaTas darTva berZnul xelnawerTa

tradiciiT aris ganpirobebuli qarTul mwerlobaSi ki arsebobs

klemaqsisa da SvidTaTvis vnebaTas erTi da imave piris mier galeqsvis

tradicia (ioane petriwi anton kaTalikosi) (bezaraSvili 1987 133-134)

Svidi vnebis sakiTxs XVIII saukuneSi calke Txzulebebs uZRvnian

nikoloz Tbileli da kvipriane samTavneli (kekeliZe 1980 348-349 339)

yvela es teqsti SedgenilobiTa da TanmimdevrobiT sxvadasxvaa da erTi

wyarodan ar momdinareobs (bezaraSvili 1987 134)

anton kaTalikosis saTnoebaTa kibe moicavs ZiriTad teqsts

romelsac mosdevs oTxi akrostiquli iambikuri strofi bolo maTganis

kidurwerilobaSi ikiTxeba mwyemsisa mimarTca traqtati mwyemsisa

mimarTca moicavs aT strofs xolo mas mosdevs kvlav ori akrostiquli

iamburi strofi kidurwerilobiT ndash SvidTaTAcircs vnebaTa es da aqac

rogorc ioane petriwiseul variantSi saubaria Svid vnebaze da maT

sapirispiro saTnoebebze rogorc samecniero literaturaSia SeniSnuli

igi anton kaTalikosis originaluri Sromaa (bezaraSvili 1987 134 kukava

1978 30-34)

anton kaTalikosiseul da ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

yoveli Tavi iwyebა originaluri strofebiT maTi Sinaarsi ZiriTadad

zogadia da gvacnobs im Temas razedac iqneba saubari ama Tu im TavSi

xolo safexurebis dasaTaurebas vkiTxulobT am strofebis

kidurwerilobaSi radganac magaliTad anton kaTalikosiseul

redaqciaSi Tavebs ar aqvT calke gamoyofili saTaurebi (mxolod

numeracia)

vardi ar mWnari ჶiali keTil sulnel

limena SuAgravebis oqroT arxrwnadTsakrebi

or-gzis Sedgoma satrfos namdAcirclsawyuris

tkbiluRlis tAcircrTAcircT sofliT gamoslvasagan g

55

ltolva aqaT RmrTiv iqa zenadmi mimyegravean9

anonimuri versiis TavTa raodenoba arasrulyofilia aq

warmodgenilia 30 Tavidan mxolod 12 (7 11 12 15 22 23 24 25 26 29 30)

da msgavsad antonis leqsiTi redaqciisa da sxva prozauli versiebisa

erTvis mokle Txzuleba mwyemsisa mimarT gansxvavebiT ioane petriwisa

da antonis leqsiTi redaqciebis Sedgenilobisa sadac TiToeul TavSi

10-11 iamburi (5-taepiani) strofia anonimur versiaSi nebismieria rogorc

iambur strofTa raodenoba ise strofSi taepTa raodenobac arc

gasaleqsad SerCeuli masala emTxveva sxva leqsiT redaqciebs

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-133)

ioane sinelis teqstis saTauridanve (klemaqsi-kibe) Cans saTnoebaTa

kibis struqturis specifika avtori iyenebs safexureobriv struqturas

raTa aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi Tumca am mxriv igi novatori

ar aris ioane sinelamde origenem Tavis ocdameSvide homiliaSi

ricxvebis Sesaxeb Seadgina 42 safexuri romelze aRmasvla

aTavisuflebda adamians xorcieli survilebisagan naSromis struqturis

konstruirebisTvis kibis simbolos aqtiurad iyeneben sxva avtorebic

filon aleqsandrieli sirieli mamebi grigol noseli Tumca ioane

sinelis Sromis unikaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs rom masSi daxatulia

sulieri aRmasvlis uprecedentod masStaburi da srulyofili suraTi

(kordoCkini 2003 22-23)

mkvlevari jon dafi romelic ganixilavs saTnoebaTa kibis stilsa

da kompozicias yuradRebas amaxvilebs oTx ZiriTad dokumentze

romelsac nawarmoebis kompoziciis konstruirebisaTvis misi azriT

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs esenia werili raiTis monastris

abatisgan ioane sinelisadmi miwerili ioane sinelis sapasuxo werili

sakuTriv teqsti da naSromis bolos darTuli mokle traqtati

mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) mkvlevris azriT abati raiTelis

werili ara marto pirveli stimulia nawarmoebis kompoziciisTvis

aramed mas Semoaqvs nawarmoebis wardgenis TvalsazrisiT mniSnelovani

ori ZiriTadi idea kerZod a) mose rogorc mediumi RmerTsa da

9 teqstebs anton kaTalikosis redaqciidan safexurisa da muxlis miTiTebiT am da sxva SemTxvevaSic vimowmebT A-711 xelnaweridan

56

adamianebs Soris romelmac miiRo RvTis kanonebi b) bibliuri iakobis

cnobili sizmari ndash miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibe

nawarmoebs asrulebs mokle traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT romelSic

ixateba idealuri ldquomwyemsisrdquo saxe es idealuri mwyemsi ki ndash abati

raiTelia aSkaraa rom nawarmoebis kompoziciur gamTlianebaSi

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnis iniciatori ndash

abati raiTeli nawarmoebi iwyeba misi weriliT da sruldeba traqtatiT

romelSi gansaxierebuli idealuri winamZRvari kvlav is aris ndash askvnis

mkvlevari (dafi 1999 3)

saTnoebaTa kibis struqturisa da semantikis urTierTmimarTebis

Sesaxeb arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi kerZod k krumbaxeri teqsts

hyofs or nawilad I-XXIII safexurebi ndash mankierebebis daZleva da XXIV-

XXXL safexurebi - moraluri da Teologiuri saTnoebebis mopoveba

(krumbaxeri 1897 143ndash144) sxva azriT teqsti Sedgeba sami nawilisgan

soflidan gasvla (I-VII Tavebi) mankierebebTan brZola (VIII-XXIII Tavebi)

da qristianuli srulyofa (XXIV-XXX Tavebi) (desili 2002 103-104)

kalistos ueari teqsts yofs Semdegnairad soflidan gasvla (1-3 Tavebi)

saTnoebebis mopoveba (4-7 Tavebi) vnebebTan brZola romelic Tavis mxriv

iyofa a) vnebebi romlebic upiratesad arafizikuria (8-13 Tavebi)

fizikuri da materialuri vnebebi (14-17 Tavebi) arafizikuri vnebebi (18-23

Tavebi) umaRlesi saTnoebebi (24-26 Tavebi) dabolos RmerTTan SeerTeba

(27-30 Tavebi) (ueari 1982 13)

sakiTxis am mimarTulebiT warmarTvis kuTxiT sagulisxmoa kidev

erTi mosazreba romelsac yvelaze sarwmunod miiCnevs saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstis slavuri Targmanebis mkvlevari ara erTi statiisa da

monografiis avtori ndash tatiana popova mosamzadebel safexurebad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos pirveli Svidi Tavi Semdeg modis ndash codvili

cxovrebis uwmindurobisgan TviTganwmendisTvis moRvaweobaRwva a)

gulismier mankierebebTan brZola (VIII IX safexurebi) b) metyvelebasTan

dakavSirebul codvebTan brZola (X XI XII safexurebi) g)

xorcismiersxeulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVI XVII safexurebi) d)

sulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVIII-XXIII safexurebi) dabolos

moRvaweoba sulieri ganaxlebisTvis a) gulis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIV XXV

57

safexurebi) b) gonebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXVI XXVII XXVIII safexurebi) g)

nebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIX XXX safexurebi) (germani 1854 42-43)

mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini Tavis sadoqtoro naSromSi sagangebo

Tavs uZRvnis saTnoebaTa kibis struqturas da Semdeg kanonzomierebas

xedavs I-III Tavebi ndash Sesavali samonastro cxovrebisaTvis IV Tavidan

teqstis ZiriTadi nawili miZRvnilia morCilebisadmi rac samonastro

cxovrebis qvakuTxedia da es nawili mTavrdeba XXVI TaviT ndash gansjisa da

gulisxmierebisaTvis bolo oTxi Tavi eZRvneba qristianul srulyofas

mkvlevaris azriT teqstis pirveli Tavebi xasiaTdeba intensiuri

asketuri brZoliT da sabaziso saTnoebebis mopovebiT maSin roca meore

etapisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mWvretelobiTi urTierToba RmerTTan rac

miRwevadia mxolod imaTTvis vinc gadalaxa vnebebi maSasadame praqsisi

da Teoria romelsac iyenebs kidec teqstSi ioane sineli aris

morwmunis sulier cxovrebaSi ori Tanmimdevruli etapi (kordoCkini 2003

22-24) bdquoaRmca-vfrindi saqmisa mier (πρᾶξις) da ganvisuene xedvisa mier

(θεωρία) da simdablisardquo (sineli 1965 56)

andrei kordoCkinis azriT kibis struqtura gvTavazobs sulieri

cxovrebis etapobriv Tanmimdevrul progress magram misi safexurebi

ar unda gavigoT rogorc mkacrad gansazRvrul-dadgenili

Tanmimdevroba miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli axasiaTebs calkeul

safexurebs gvaCvenebs mis mimarTebas winamaval an momdevno safexurTan

es ar gamoricxavs am vnebebis da saTnoebebis erTmaneTis paralelurad

daZlevisa an mopovebis perspeqtivas ubralod amgvari struqtura

miuTiTebs rom sulier cxovrebaSi progresi etapobrivi procesia da

SeuZlebelia mTliani kibis erTbaSad avla magaliTad safexuri locvis

Sesaxeb romelic moTavsebuliა teqstis dasasrulisken ar gulisxmobs

imas rom morwmunem ar unda ilocos ufro adreul safexurebzec

zogierT vnebasTan (magaliTad rogoricaa nayrovaneba) brZola ki

saWiroa yvela safexurze (kordoCkini 2003 27-28)

amrigad rogorc vxedavT saTnoebiTa kibis kompoziciur wyobasa

da struqturas specialur literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba

gamouwvevia sxvaze metad sarwmunoa andrei kordoCkinis mosazreba rom

Txzulebis kompoziciis safexureobrivi sistema pirobiTia da is

58

gamoyenebulia sulieri aRmasvlis rogorc etapobrivi procesis Cvenebis

mizniT vfiqrob nawarmoebis pirvel da bolo TavebSi marTlac ikveTeba

garkveuli kanonzomiereba (vgulisxmob Sesaval Tavebs sadac saubaria

samonastro cxovrebisTvis aucilebel sabaziso saTnoebebze ndash soflidan

gasvlasa da misdami gulgrilobaze da bolo Tavebs sulieri

srulyofisa da RmerTTan SeerTebis mdgomareobaze) rac Seexeba

danarCen safexurebs maTi dayofa erTmniSvnelovnad saTnoebebis

mopovebis an mankierebebis daZlevis mixedviT marTebulad ar meCveneba

saqme isaa rom konkretuli vnebis daZleva TavisTavSi gulisxmobs

Sesabamisi am vnebis sapirispiro saTnoebis mopovebasac rasac mxars

uWers saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti nawarmoebis amgvari gaazreba erTi

safexuris sazRvrebSi moaqcevs aramarto konkretul mankierebasTan

brZolas aramed am mankierebis daZlevis gziT misi opoziciuri

saTnoebis mopovebasac ase magaliTad safexuri romelic miZRvnilia

ulmobelobisTvis aseve gulisxmobs lmobierebis mopovebasac romelic

miiRweva ulmobelobis vnebis daZleviT igive suraTia saTnoebaTaTvis

miZRvnil safexurebSic avtori erTsa da imave safexurSi gvaZlevs ormag

instruqcias ndash konkretuli saTnoebis mopovebisa da am saTnoebis

sapirispiro vnebasTan brZolis saSualebebze sainteresoa rom rig

SemTxvevebSi dasaTaurebaSic Cans es niuansi kalistos ueari mosazrebas

imis Taobaze rom saTnoebaTa kibeSi vnebebisadmi miZRvnil safexurTa

raodenoba Warbobs safexurebs saTnoebebze pasuxobs im Tavebze

miTiTebiT romelTa saTaurSive asaxula opoziciuri ndash vneba-saTnoeba ndash

wyvili kerZod merve safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀοργησίας καὶ πραότητος (misive

urisxvelobisaTAcircs da simSvidisa) meTerTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ πολυλογίας καὶ

σιωπῆς (Tqmuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi dumilisaTAcircs da mraval-

metyuelebisa) meTxuTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀφθάρτου ἐν φθαρτοῖς ἐκ καμάτων καὶ

ἱδρώτων ἁγνείας καὶ σοφροςύνης (misive uxrwnelisaTAcircs gaxrwnadTa Soris

SromaTagan da oflTa siwmidisaTAcircs da mrTelcnobobisa) (ueari 1982 14)

da sxva

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri beri sofroniusisa da arqimandrit

egnates mier gamocemul teqstebsa da meTiu raderis teqstSi

59

gansxvavebulia meTiu raderis teqstSi es safexuri miZRvnilia

vercxlismoyvareobisadmi (Περὶ φιλαργυρίας) xolo sofroniosisa da

arqimandrit egnates gamocemebis XVI TavSi gaerTianebulia meTiu

raderis teqstis momdevno XVII safexuric (Περὶ ἀκτημοςύνης)

(upovarebisaTvis) rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs eqvTime aTonelis

petre gelaTelis da ioane petriwis Targmanebi TavTa TanmimdevrobiT

mihyvebian meTiu raderis teqsts anu calk-calkea gamoyofili

vercxlismoyvareobisa da upovarebisadmi miZRvnili safexurebi am mxriv

sainteresoa anton kaTalikosis teqsti romelic XVI TavSi

gaerTianebulia aRniSnuli safexurebi (angarebisaTAcircs ese

upovarebisaTAcircs) rTuli saTqmelia ra motiviT cvlis anton kaTalikosi

TavTa Tanmimdevrobas (am msjelobas kidev ufro arTulebs is faqti rom

Cven xelT ar gvaqvs kritikulad dadgenili berZnuli teqsti romelSic

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneboda xelnawerTa sakmarisi raodenoba)

SesaZlebelia igi Tematurad awyvilebs am or Tavs Cem mier zemoT

Camoyalibebuli principis Tanaxmad (TiToeuli safexuri moicavs

rogorc vnebasTan brZolas aseve saTnoebebis mopovebasac da piriqiT)

faqtia rom sofroniosisa da arqimandrit egnates teqstebi antons xelT

ar eqneboda radganac SedarebiT gviandeli gamocemebia magram

dasaSvebia rom xelT hqonoda sxva rame saerTo wyaro

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis safexurebis sistematizacia

rogorc vnebebTan brZola da saTnoebebis mopoveba pirobiTia ZiriTadad

konkretuli safexuris mxolod dasaTaurebas eyrdnoba da ar

iTvaliswinebs Sinaarsobriv mxares Sesabamisad viRebT teqstis

kompoziciis meqanikur (mxolod saTauris doneze) gaazrebas rasac

ewinaaRmdegeba teqstis mTliani semantika

nawarmoebis struqturuli Taviseburebis kidev erTi Cemi azriT

mniSvnelovani sakiTxia saTnoebaTa kibis Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mosazreba zarinis (Зарин СМ) azriT safexuridan

safexurze gadasvlisas xSirad rTulia logikuri Tu fsiqologiuri

Tanmimdevrulobis danaxva da arc safexurebs Soris sazRvaria mkacrad

dadgenili (popova 201133) sxva mosazrebiT ki teqtis agebulebas

safuZvlad udevs mkacri logikuri Tanmimdevrulobis gancda da mis

60

saerTo kompoziciaSi devs sulieri aRmasvlis idea (proxorovi 1985 254)

ioane sineli iesos cxovrebis wlebis analogiiT Seqmnili nawarmoebis

kompoziciaSi mkveTrad mijnavs safexurebs erTmaneTisgan da

amavdroulad kravs maT erT mTlianobad rogorc wesi maRalmxatvruli

saxeebis saSualebiT da nawarmoebis mTavar ideaze (swrafva nebis

srulyofilebisken) daqvemdebarebiT amaSi mdgomareobs avtoris didi

damsaxureba da nawarmoebis kompoziciis originaloba (popova 2011 34-35)

teqsti aCvenebs sulieri cxovrebis gansxvavebul aspeqtebs maT

urTierTkavSirSi ioane sineli erTi mxriv saubrobs calkeul vnebebsa

da saTnoebebze da meore mxriv ganixilavs maT warmoSobas safuZvels

an kidev Sedegs da gvaZlevs erTgvar instruqciebs

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoriisa da saTnoebaTa kibis safexurebis

semantikuri urTierTmimarTebis problemis ganxilvis Semdeg Cven winaSe

aranakleb saintereso sakiTxebi wamoiWreba ra urTierTmimarTebebs

amyareben saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebi rogoria maTi

struqtura amJRavneben Tu ara gansxvavebebs Cven xelT arsebul berZnul

teqstebTan

rogorc aRvniSneT saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime aToneliseuli

Targmanis ena sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs

profesor meri cincaZes (cincaZe 1965) igi sxva problemur sakiTxebTan

erTad exeba qarTuli Targmanis struqturul Taviseburebebsac mokled

Camovayalibeb am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil

arsebiT struqturul gansxvavebebs mines krebulSi dabeWdil berZnul

teqstsa da eqvTime aToneliseul Targmans Soris

berZnul teqstSi calke XXIII Tavad aris gamoyofili Περὶ τῆς

ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας (ampartavanebisaTvis) romelic sinadvileSi unda iyos

XXII Tavis Semadgeneli nawili sadac saubaria cudad-mzuaobrobaze anu

qedmaRlobaze (Περὶ τῆς πολυμόρφου κενοδιξίας) ioane sineli teqstSic

miuTiTebs rom ampartavneba da cudad-mzuaobroba mas erT vnebad miaCnia

amitom mosalodnelia rom avtori mas calke ar gamoyofda XXIII Tavi

sadac Setanilia aRniSnuli nawili dasaTaurebulia Semdegnairad

gamouTqumelTa gulis-sityuaTaTAcircs gmobisaTa mkvlevari fiqrobs rom es

Semdegdroindel gadamwerTa Secdoma unda iyos rasac eqvTime aToneli

61

qarTul TargmanSi asworebs da XXII TavSi aerTianebs orive nawils es

ldquoSecdomardquo petre gelaTelsac aqvs SeniSnuli Tumca mainc misdevs

berZnul teqsts da aRniSnuli Tavi XXIII safexurSi Seaqvs eqvTime

aTonelis anderZSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs ldquoTavni viTarca aqa iyvnen egre

dasxeniT rameTu meca viTarca mipovnian egreT damisxnian yovelni

wiTliTardquo ndash swored am anderZis safuZvelze mkvlevari askvnis rom

romeliRac berZnul xelnawerSi romliTac eqvTime aToneli

sargeblobda Tavebis mimdevroba ar iyo areuli (cincaZe 1965 45-47)

aRniSnuli faqti erTi mxriv uaRresad mniSvnelovania TviT berZnuli

teqstis rekonstuqciisaTvisac radganac eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis

struqtura ar misdevs Cven xelT arsebul aqamde gamocemul arc erT

berZnul teqsts da aSkarad eyrdnoba XI saukuneSi arsebul gansxvavebul

xelnawers (an xelnawerebs) meore mxriv eqvTime aToneli aSkarad

miuTiTebs rom mas xelT aqvs dedani romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba

isevea organizebuli rogorc mis teqstSi amasTanave eqvTimes

SeniSvnidan isic irkveva rom man icis sxva berZnuli teqstis arsebobis

Sesaxeb romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba sxvagvaria rom ara avtoris

remarka SesaZloa eqvTime aToneliseuli saTnoebaTa kibis struqturis

ldquogadaxrardquo Cven xelT arsebuli berZnuli teqstebisgan agvexsna rogorc

eqvTime aTonelis Taviseburi mTargmnelobiTi meTodi bevr SemTxvevaSi

specialur literaturaSi gavrcelebuli mosazreba eqvTime aTonelis

mTargmnelobiT meTodTan dakavSirebiT (kleba-metebis principi) eyrdnoba

misi Targmanebis arakritikul teqstTan Sedarebis safuZvelze miRebul

daskvnebs ukanasknelma kvlevebma kerZod ki profesor elguja

xinTibiZis specialurma gamokvlevam eqvTime aTonelis ori Targmanis

berZnul teqstTan mimarTebis Taobaze gamoavlina is meTodologiuri

Secdoma rac eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis arakritikul berZnul

teqstTan Sedarebisas iCens Tavs (xinTibiZe 1969144-151) am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT aseve sagulisxmoa teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa sakiTxi

eqvTime aTonelis teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa Seswavlis safuZvelze

m cincaZe gamoavlens qarTul teqstSi sqolioebs romelTac berZnulSi

Sesatyvisi ar moepovebaT mkvlevris azriT qarTvel mTargmnels xelT

hqonia sqolioTa sxva variantebi misive SeniSvniT eqvTime aTonelis

62

Targmans berZnuli teqstisgan gansxvavebul zogierT adgilSi gverdSi

udgas petre gelaTelis redaqciac am faqtze dayrdnobiT mkvlevari

askvnis rom am ori Targmanis erTnairi adgilebi romliTac isini

Sordebian berZnuls saeWvoa rom gaCeniliyo orive mTargmnelTan

erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad SesaZloa ori varaudis daSveba a) maTi

wyaroa romeliRac sxva berZnuli xelnaweri gansxvavebuli im

xelnawerebisgan romelic safuZvlad daedo meTiu raderis teqsts b)

SesaZloa petre gelaTeli Targmanis procesSi iSveliebda eqvTime

aTonelis redaqcias g) zogierTi adgilis mixedviT ki romlebiTac

eqvTime aTonelis Targmani Sordeba berZnul versias (Sesabamisad petre

gelaTelis teqstsac) SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom qarTveli mTargmnelebi

sxvadasxva berZnuli xelnawerebidan Targmnidnen teqsts (cincaZe 1965 55)

sadisertacio naSromis sxva Tavebis (struqtura stili terminologia

simbolika) saWiroebidan gamomdinare petre gelaTelis teqstis meTiu

raderis teqstTan mimarTebis kvlevam gamoavlina rom mTargmneli

TiTqmis sityvasityviT mihyveba berZnul dedans amdenad ar arsebobs

safuZveli vifiqroT rom mas xelT hqonda meTiu raderis teqstisgan

gansxvavebuli xelnaweri ufro savaraudoa rom petre gelaTeli

icnobda eqvTime aTonelis teqsts da SigadaSig (mag sqolioebis

SemTxvevaSi) sargeblobda kidec

rac Seexeba poetur Targmanebs isini met struqturul

Taviseburebas iCenen

saTnoebaTa kibis mesame safexurSi Περὶ ξενιτείας (ucxoebisaTvis)

ioane sinels Seutania swavleba sizmarTa Sesaxeb da gamouyvia igi

calke qveTavad (Περὶ ἐνυπνίων ἀκολουθούντων εἰσαιγογικοῖς) numeraciis gareSe

asea qarTul prozaul TargmanebSic eqvTime aToneli ndash ucxoebisaTAcircs

romelsa Sina ityAcircs sizmarTaTAcircsca cudTa petre gelaTeli ndash misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs (sizmarTaTAcircs sizmarTami SedgomilTaTAcircs SeyvanebadTaAacutesa

anton kaTalikosiseul poetur variantSi sizmarTaTvis gamoyofilia

calke damoukidebel Tavad romelsac iseve rogorc sxva Tavebs win

uZRvis anton kaTalikosis Sesavali kidurwerilobiT gaformebuli

originali strofi xolo safexuri moicavs sxva Tavebis msgavsad aT

iambur strofs anu anton kaTalikosi am Tavs qmnis rogorc

63

damoukidebel srulfasovan safexurs da mosalodneli iyo kidec rom

igi gamoeyo Semdeg meoTxe safexurad Tumca avtori aRniSnul Tavs

numeracias ar aniWebs da Semdeg meoTxe safexurad tovebs Tavs

morCilebisaTvis wmidisa iseve rogorc es prozaul TargmanebSi da

berZnul teqstebSia amitom Tavebis mimdevroba SenarCunebulia da

mihyveba berZnul da qarTul prozaul teqstebs anton kaTalikosisgan

gansxvavebiT ioane petriwiseul saTnoebaTa kibeSi sizmarTaTAcircs calke

meoTxe safexurad aris gamoyofili amitomac Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

gansxvavebulia sxva yvela danarCeni teqstisgan es gansxvaveba swordeba

teqstSi mecxre ndash meaTe Tavebis ZAcircris-AtildesenebisaTAcircs da ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs

gaerTianebiT erTi saTauris ndash ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs qveS amgvarad berZnul

da naTargmn teqstebSi calk-calke gamoyofili ori sxvadasxva

safexuris gaerTianebiT avtori asworebs TavTa mimdevrobas (romelic

airia sizmarTa Sesaxeb Tavis calke gamoyofiT) danarCeni teqstebis

mixedviT

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri Περὶ φιλαργυρίας rogorc zemoT ukve

aRiniSna ioane sinels miuZRvnia vercxlismoyvareobisaTvis asea es

Txzulebis qarTul variantebSic anton kaTalikoss ki am TavSi

angarebisaTAcircs ese gauerTianebia Semdegi safexuric ndash upovarebisaTAcircs

msgavsad beri sofroniusis da arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli

teqstebisa samagierod calk-calke Tavebad (XXI-XXII Tavebi) dauyvia

cuddideboba da zesTmCenobisaTAcircs rogorc zemoT vnaxeT eqvTime

aToneli am or Tavs aerTianebs petre gelaTelTan ki zesTmCenobisaTAcircs

Setanilia Semdeg XXIII safexurSi (misive gamouTqumelTaTAcircs

gulissityuaTa gmobisaTa) iseve rogorc patrologia grekaSi dabeWdil

berZnul teqstSi Περὶ τῆς ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας ἐν ῷ καὶ περὶ ἀκαθάρτων λογισμῶν τῆς

βλασφημίας anton kaTalikosis teqsti am SemTxvevaSi bolomde arc petre

gelaTelis Targmans misdevs igi samive Tavs calk-calke gamohyofs XXI

Tavi ndash cuddideboba XXII ndash zesTmCenobisaTAcircs XXIII ndash gmobisaTvis aqve

unda SevniSnoT rom antoniseuli teqstis safexurebis Tanmimdevroba am

SemTxvevaSic misdevs sofroniusis teqsts sadac aseve calk-calkea

gamoyofili samive zemoT aRniSnuli safexuri amdenad antonis teqstis

struqtura zustad emTxveva sofroniusis mier konstantinepolSi

64

dabeWdili da arqimandrit egnates mier gadamuSavebuli teqstebis

struqturas zemoT ukve aRvniSne rom es teqstebi gviandeli periodisaa

rac gamoricxavs antonisgan aRniSnuli gamocemebis codnas maSasadame

antoniseuli teqstis struqturaze msjelobisas SesaZlebelia ori

varaudis daSveba 1) antoni azrobrivad awyobs safexurebis

Tanmimdevrobas kerZod aerTianebs XVI-XVII safexurebs romelic

miZRvnilia angarebisa da upovarebisaTvis Tematurad am safexurebis

gaerTianeba aSkarad logikuria radgan ioane sineli sxva SemTxvevaSi ar

yofs calk-calke Tavebad saTnoebas da am saTnoebis sapirispiro vnebas

magaliTad nayrovanebisadmi miZRvnil safexurSi igi saubrobs marxvis

saTnoebazec da calke ar gamoyofs marxvis safexurs da aS rac Seexeba

XXI XXII XXIII Tavebs zesTmCenobis Sesaxeb safexuris gamoyofa

gmobisadmi miZRvnili safexurisgan bunebrivad Cans xolo

cuddidebobisa da zesTmCenobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna SesaZloa

avtors dasWirda cota zemoT darRveuli TavTa raodenobis aRsadgenad

raTa jamSi mieRo 30 safexuri 2) savsebiT dasaSvebia aseve rom anton

kaTalikoss xelT hqonoda CvenTvis ucnobi rame sxva wyaro romelSic

TavTa Tanmimdevroba swored ise iqneboda organizebuli rogorc man da

cota mogvianebiT am teqstis gamomcemlebma berma sofroniusma da

arqimandritma egnatem daalages aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom Cem mier

Catarebulma specialurma kvlevam anton kaTalikosis teqstis ZiriTad

wyarod gamoavlina petre gelaTelis Targmani (aseve icnobs da zog

SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba eqvTime aTonelis da ioane petriwis teqstebsac)

amdenad Tuki davuSvebT rom anton kaTalikoss xelT hqonda rame sxva

wyaro savaraudod igi gamouyenebia oden Tavisi teqstis struqturuli

organizebisaTvis

naTqvamis sailustraciod da ukeT aRsaqmelad aqve gTavazobT

erTgvar sqemas ndash paralelurad dalagebul saanalizo TavTa saTaurebs

berZnul teqstebsa da qarTul TargmanebSi

eqvTime

aToneli

petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

ioane

petriwi

Patrologiae

Cursus

Completus

Series Graeca

Vol 88

65

1

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Περὶ τῆς

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7

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9

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Περὶ

καταλαλιᾶς

4

Sesavali

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis asketur-mistikuri

xasiaTis erT-erTi yvelaze srulyofili da popularuli zneobrivi

saxelmZRvaneloa masSi gamokveTilia yvela is fundamenturi eTikuri

principi romelic antikuri xanidan moyolebuli araerTi didi

moazrovnis yuradRebis centrSi moqceula xolo qristianobam axali

SinaarsiT ganmsWvala srulyo mTlian sistemad Camoayaliba rogorc

axali koncefcia da adamianuri qcevis normad gamoacxada

nawarmoebi Targmnilia qristianuli mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis

yvela enaze (bezaraSvili 1987 129) qarTulad ki teqstis eqvsi redaqcia

Camoyalibda romelTagan sruli saxiT SemorCenilia ori prozauli

Targmani ndash eqvTime aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis da ori poeturi

gadamuSaveba ndash ioane petriwisa da anton kaTalikosis

problemis aqtualoba Sua saukuneebis sulier kulturaSi

saTnoebaTa kibis did mniSvnelobasa da aqtualobaze metyvelebs

sxvadasxva enaze Sesrulebuli mravalricxovani Targmani da xelnawerTa

simravle Zveli avtorebi saTnoebaTa kibes imdenad maRal Sefasebas

aZlevdnen rom mas mose winaswarmetyvelis dekalogs adarebdnen da

masze aRmatebul teqstadac ki warmoaCendnen ldquoda gardamoAtildeda axali igi

RmTis-mxilveli Cuenda momarT gonebiTa mTiT siniT da gAcircCuenna Cuen

manca RmrTiv-werilni igi ficarnirdquo (sineli 1965 13) an kidev ldquoerTiTa

oden ara iqmna msgavs (ioane sineli) mosesa rameTu ara moiwia mis zeda

verSeslvaAacute zecisa mas ierusalAgravemsa viTar-igi mose queyanasa ierusalAgravemsa

ver Sevidardquo (sineli 1965 13) - wers ioane sinelze misi biografi daniel

raiTeli

ioane sinelis Txzuleba aranakleb popularulia Sua saukuneebis

qarTul sulier kulturaSi am teqstisadmi interesi ar cxreba

saukuneebis manZilze ndash preaTonuri periodidan vidre gvian Sua

saukuneebamde Txzulebis ukanaskneli anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi

redaqcia XVIII saukuneSi Seiqmna aRsaniSnavia rom nawarmoebis Targmna-

gadamuSavebaze muSaobdnen epoqis yvelaze avtoritetuli qarTveli

5

moRvaweebi eqvTime aToneli ioane petriwi petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT Sua saukuneebis qarTveli

swavlulebi ecnobodnen ara marto sakuTriv am didmniSvnelovan teqsts

aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac romliTac ioane sineli

sargeblobs aRniSnuli wyaroebi romlebic organulad aris CarTuli

ioane sinelis teqstis mTlian qsovilSi (Sesabamisad mis qarTul

TargmanebSic) rig SemTxvevaSi wyaros avtorze miTiTebiTac ki axali

codniT avsebs da amdidrebs qarTul kulturul da saazrovno sivrces

amrigad sakvlevi problemis aqtualobas gansazRvravs Sesaswavli

teqstebis mniSvneloba kerZod is rom maT Rrma kvali datoves Sua

saukuneebis qarTul mxatvrul-filosofiur azrovnebaze

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria saTnoebaTa kibis nusxebis simravlem

mravali filologiuri problema warmoSva TviT originalis kvlevis

procesSi da ar aris SemTxveviTi rom saTnoebaTa kibis didi

popularobis miuxedavad ar arsebobs teqstis kritikuli gamocema

berZnul enazec ki Ggamocemuli ar aris arc qarTuli prozauli

Targmanebis kritikuli teqstebi Tumca prof meri cincaZis

sadisertacio naSroms - ldquoioane sinelis klemaqsis eqvTimeseuli Targmani

da misi enardquo (cincaZe 1965) - danarTis saxiT axlavs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis kritikulad dadgenili teqsti romelic ramdenime ZiriTad

xelnawers emyareba mkvlevari gamosacemad amzadebs aseve petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis kritikul teqsts prof m cincaZes

sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis enasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi orTografiul-

fonetikuri Taviseburebani berZnul-qarTuli fonetikuri Sesatyvisobani

morfologia sintaqsi agreTve Targmanis xelnawerebi urTierToba

nusxaTa Soris eqvTimes mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebebi

naSromSi Sedarebulia klemaqsis qarTuli da berZnuli redaqciebi maTi

Sedgenilobis mixedviT m cincaZes aseve Seswavlili aqvs petre

gelaTeliseul Targmanis enobrivi mxare winamdebare naSromSi

citatebs vimowmebT petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis mis mier dadgenili

6

teqstidan ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqcia

gamosca mkvlevarma ivane lolaSvilma teqsts Tan axlavs vrceli

winasityvaoba sadac mecnieri farTod mimoixilavs ioane petriwis

biografiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs mis saliteraturo moRvaweobas

filosofiur-Teologiur msoflmxedvelobas da am WrilSi saTnoebaTa

kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciis ramdenime pasaJs iv lolaSvilis

azriT teqstis gelaTuri Targmanis avtoric ioane petriwia xolo

petre gelaTels ekuTvnis mxolod ori iambiko romelSic Seqebulia

ioane sineli da klemaqsis mTargmneli ioane petriwi (petriwi 1968 65) k

kekeliZes gelaTuri Targmanis avtorad petre gelaTeli miaCnda ioane

petriwis avtorobis sakiTxs ar iziarebs arc e WeliZe romelic

specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis Sedegad askvnis rom aRniSnuli

teqstis mTargmneli petre gelaTelia (WeliZe 1996 674) aRsaniSnavia

aseve i abulaZis Sroma ldquorusTavelis xanis qarTulidan naTargmni Zveli

somxuri mwerlobis Zeglebirdquo sadac Seswavlilia saTnoebaTa kibis

somxuri Targmani romelic mkvlevris azriT ori qarTuli prozauli

Targmanis (eqvTime aToneli petre gelaTeli) monacemebs emyareba da maTi

Sejerebis Sedegadaa somxurad naTargmni (abulaZe 1938 129-130)

ukanasknel wlebSi aRmoCnda grigol nazianzelis TxzulebebSi CarTuli

saTnoebaTa kibis kidev erTi gansxvavebuli redaqciis fragmentebi

romelic q bezaraSvilma gamoaqveyna manve Seiswavla teqstTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi (bezaraSvili 1989 142-163) ioane sinelis anton

kaTalikosiseuli varianti gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam

kvlevaSi avtori ZiriTadad mimoixilavs anton kaTalikosis

literaturul stilsa da msoflmxedvelobas (kukava 1996)

naSromis sagani mizani amocanebi sadisertacio naSromis sagania

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli sakiTxebi cxadia Cvens gamokvlevas

Targmanebis raodenobisa da saanalizo sakiTxTa moculobis

gaTvaliswinebiT yvela problemis amomwuravad gaSuqebis pretenzia ar

gaaCnia naSromSi SemovifargleT TargmanebTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi

sakiTxebis SeswavliT mniSvnelovani aqcentebis dasmiTa da samomavlod

Sesaswavli problematikis identifikaciiT Sesabamisad SevecadeT

7

gagveanalizebina is ZiriTadi sakiTxebi rac teqstis kvlevis am etapze

CavTvaleT aucileblad vimedovnebT winamdebare naSromi xels Seuwyobs

ioane sinelis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebis Seswavlis sxva axal etapze

gadasvlas da momavali ufro srulyofili kvlevebisTvis safuZvlis

momzadebas

sadisertacio naSromis wyaroebi kvlevis ZiriTadi wyaroebia

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli redaqciebi esenia eqvTime

aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis prozauli Targmanebi da ioane

petriwiseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi gadamuSavebani aseve

meTiu raderisa da paraklitis monastris mier momzadebuli berZnuli

teqstebi saTnoebaTa kibis slavuri da inglisuri Targmanebi garda

amisa Targmanebis kvlevis procesSi naSromis ama Tu im nawilis

mizandasaxulobidan gamomdinarე wyarod gamoyenebulia antikuri

filosofiis Zeglebi da Sua saukuneebis saRvTismetyvelo literatura

naSromis Teoriuli baza naSromis Teoriul bazas warmoadgens

Tanamedrove medievistikasa da Targmanis TeoriaSi farTod

aprobirebuli da damkvidrebuli Teoriuli principebi qarTul

literaturaTmcodneobaSi Camoyalibebuli Zveli qarTuli originaluri

Tu naTargmni teqstebis kvlevis mdidari gamocdileba agreTve ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis aRiarebuli ucxoeli Tu qarTveli

mkvlevrebis kalistos uearis tatiana popovas Aandrei kordoCkinis

ivane lolaSvilis meri cincaZis qeTevan bezaraSvilisa da sxvaTa

naSromebi

meTodologia naSromSi sakvlevi obieqtis sirTulisa da

specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoyenebulia kompleqsuri midgoma

tradiciul da Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneobaSi aprobirebuli

kvlevis xerxebisa da meTodebis erToblioba kerZod aRweriTi meTodi -

kompetenturi da konteqsturi analizis gamoyenebiT komparativistuli ndash

genetikuri da tipologiuri midgomebiT struqturul-semiotikuri

sinqronuli da diaqronuli aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT agreTve

hermenevtikuli meTodi calkeul sakiTxTa analizisTvis mivmarTavT

interdisciplinuri kvlevis meTods

8

mecnieruli siaxle dRemde saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul TargmanebTan

dakavSirebuli problematika Seswavlilia romelime erTi redaqciis

gaTvaliswinebiT winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens ioane sinelis

saTnoebaTa kibis oTxi sruli redaqciis kompleqsuri literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli analizis mcdelobas kerZod masSi

ganxilulia saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis problema interteqsturi

mimarTebebi qarTuli redaqciebis struqturuli da stiluri analizi da

maTi mimarTeba berZnul teqstebTan poeturi teqstebis versifikaciuli

Tavisebureba qarTuli Targmanebis simbolika da poeturi teqstebis

originalur CanarTebSi gamoyenebul simboloTa analizi teqstebis

ZiriTadi filosofiuri terminologia antoniseuli gadamuSavebis

mimarTeba manamde arsebul redaqciebTan CamoTvlil sakiTxTagan nawili

aqamde sruliad Seuswavleli iyo xolo zogierTi maTgani ki rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT Seswavlili iyo romelime erT redaqciaze dayrdnobiT

naSromis mecnieruli da praqtikuli Rirebuleba masalis analizi

kvlevis Sedegebi da daskvnebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas ioane sinelis

teqstis misi qarTuli Targmanebis Semdgomi Seswavlis dros Zveli

qarTuli literaturis saleqcio kursebisa da speckursebis swavlebaSi

9

Tavi I

saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis qristianuli azrovnebis

konteqstSi

sadisertacio naSromis winamdebare TavSi mimovixilav ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad sakiTxebs romelTa

gaTvaliswinebis gareSe SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis

rolisa da adgilis gansazRvra

saTnoebaTa kibis avtorze informacias gvawvdis misi Tanamedrove

raiTis monastris beri danieli romlis mier dawerili ioane sinelis

cxovreba win uZRvis teqsts (Βίος ἐν ἐπιτομῇ τοῦ ἀββᾶ Ἰωάννου τοῦ ἡγουμένου τοῦ

ἁγίου ὅρους Σινᾶ τοῦ ἐπίκλην σχολαστικοῦ τοῦ ἐν ἁγίοις ὡς ἀληθῶς Συγγραφεὶς παρἀ Δανιὴλ

μοναχοῦ lsquoΡαιθηνοῦ ἀνδρὸς τιμίου καὶ ἐναρέτου PG Vol 88 596A) Teqvsmeti wlis

yofila ioane roca Sesula sinas monasterSi aqedan igi wasula

gandegilad sinelma berebma ioane gamoiwvies gandegilobidan da airCies

TavianT winamZRvrad sinas monasterSi moRvaweobis gamomxatvelia ioanes

wodeba ldquosinelirdquo misi ganaTlebisa da swavlulebis aRmniSvnelia

zedwodeba ldquosqolastikosirdquo xolo nawarmoebis mixedviT romlis

saTauric berZnulad JRers rogorc Κλίμαξ τοῦ παραδείσου (laT Scala Paradisi

ndash samoTxis kibe) igi xSirad iwodeba ldquoklemaqsadacrdquo (cincaZe 1965 1-2)

ioane sinelis biografia ar Seicavs konkretul TariRebs amitom dRemde

gaurkvevelia misi moRvaweobis zusti periodi amis Sesaxeb mecnierTa

Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa erTni fiqroben rom igi daaxloebiT 579-649

wlebSi moRvaweobda (nau 1902 35-37) meoreni misi moRvaweobis TariRs

kidev ufro ukan sweven da daaxloebiT 525-600 wlebiT SemosazRvraven

(sakosi 1964 180) sxvebi kidev Tvlian rom igi VII saukunis 70-80-ian

wlebSia gardacvlili (beki 1959 451)

rac Seexeba uSualod teqsts saTnoebaTa kibeSi Tavmoyrilia

ZiriTadi qristianuli eTikuri principebi teqsti Sedgeba 30 Tavisgan

(simbolurad ganasaxierebs qristes cxovrebis wlebs naTlisRebamde)

bibliuri iakobis xilvis miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibis

analogiiT ioane sineli safexureobriv struqturas iyenebs raTa

10

aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi ldquosaTnoebani wmidani msgavs arian

kibesa mas romeli ixila iakob rameTu SemdgomiTi Semdgomad SeslviTa

maT Sina aRamaRleben kacsa cadmderdquo (sineli 1965 202) TiToeuli

safexuris gadalaxva romelic gulisxmobs calkeuli vnebis daZlevasa

da saTnoebis mopovebas an piriqiT dakavSirebulia individis nebisyofasa

da gaunelebel brZolisunarianobasTan

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema dRemde ar arsebobs met-naklebad ukeTesad miiCneva

meTiu raderis (Matthew Rader) mier 1633 wels parizSi dabeWdili teqsti

romelic 1860 wels minem Seitana patrologia grekas (Patrologiae Cursus

Completus Series Graeca) 88-e tomSi (PG Vol 88 596-1209) saTnoebaTa kibis

meTiu raderiseulisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels

konstantinepolSi aTonis mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT

gamosca berma sofroniusma (kordoCkini 2003 14) yvelaze Zveli

axalberZnuli teqsti episkoposma maqsimem 1590 wels gamosca veneciaSi

xolo 1774 wels kvlav venciaSi arqimandritma ieremiam gamosca

saTnoebaTa kibe sqolioebiT aRsaniSnavia aseve parakletis monasterSi

arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli saTnoebaTa kibis axalberZnuli

teqsti romelSic gamomcemeli ukve arsebul gamocemebTan erTad

iTvaliswinebs kidev erT XIV saukunis aTonis mTis xelnawersac

(marTlmadidebluri 2010)

rogorc aRiniSna saTnoebaTa kibe Targmnilia qristianuli

mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis yvela enaze laTinur siriul arabul

eTiopur qarTul somxur slavur (bezaraSvili 1987 129) berZnuli

xelnawerebis mixedviT irkveva rom yvelaze metad bizantiaSi klemaqsi

gavrcelebuli iyo XI saukuneSi XII-XIII saukuneebSi am Zeglis mimarT

interesi SedarebiT Sesustda xolo XIV saukunidan isixasturi kamaTis

dros isev gaizarda (bezaraSvili 1989 145) slavur xelnawerebze

dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSic aseTive suraTi gvaqvs XI saukuneSi Zalze

gavrcelebulia pirveli slavuri Targmanebi (bulgareTSi Sesrulebuli

X-XI saukuneebSi) axali slavuri Targmani (ufro zusti) Sesrulda

serbeTSi XIV saukuneSi XIV-XV saukuneebSi kidev ufro gaizarda

11

interesi ruseTSi klemaqsisadmi XV saukunidan es interesi isev ecema

(bezaraSvili 1989 145) q bezaraSvilis azriT saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul

redaqciebze dakvirvebac msgavs suraTs aCvenebs (bezaraSvili 1989 145)

rogorc aRvniSneT qarTulad Camoyalibda klemaqsis eqvsi

redaqcia

1) X saukunemdeli Semoklebuli (gamokrebili) prozauli versia (mag Sin

14 (gariti 1956) romelic arabulidanaa Targmnili (utie 1973 45)

2) eqvTime aTonelis prozauli versia (X-XI ss) romelic yvelaze meti ndash

27-mde xelnaweriT aris Cvenamde moRweuli (cincaZe 1965 6)1 igi

gamocemulia XX saukunis dasawyisSi (sineli 1902) xolo mogvianebiT

ramdenjerme gamoica axalqarTulad eqvTime aTonelis samecniero

kritikulad dadgenili teqsti ki danarTis saxiT erTvis m cincaZis

disertacias (cincaZe 1965)

3) petre gelaTelis prozauli versia (gamosacemad mzaddeba m cincaZis

mier) romelsac ori Zveli xelnaweriT mouRwevia Cvenamde A-39 (XIV s) da

ufro adrindeli daviT garejSi nikras mier gadawerili nusxa (H-1669)2

romelic cnobili iyo eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis Semcvelad da

XII-XIII saukuneebiT aTariRebdnen (metreveli 1950 96-97) rogorc m

cincaZe arkvevs nusxis dasawyisi da bolo nawilebi marTlac

eqvTimeseul teqsts Seicaven ZiriTadi Sua nawili ki aris petre

gelaTelis Targmani (cincaZe 1965 17) A-39 da H-1669 nusxebs mkvlevris

dakvirvebiT aqvs erTi saerTo wyaro romelmac sxvadasxva gadamweris

xelSi sxvadasxva cvlileba ganicada (cincaZe 1995 42) xelisa da

orTografiuli niSnebis mixedviT H-1669 xelnawers m cincaZe XI-XII

saukuneebiT aTariRebs da svams mTargmnelis petre gelaTelis

moRvaweobis periodis sakiTxs (cincaZe 1965 17) romelic XIII saukunis

moRvawed iyo miCneuli (kekeliZe 1980 331-334) q bezaraSvilis azriT es

faqti ufro gamodgeba saimisod rom aRniSnuli Targmanis avtorad ioane

petriwi miviCnioT (bezaraSvili 1987 130) ioane petriws miiCnevs avtorad

iv lolaSvilic (petriwi 1968 65-68 89) e WeliZe ar iziarebs iv

1 xelnawerebTan dakavSirebiT ix kekeliZe 1927 155 kekeliZe 1957 65

2 sxva xelnawerebi gviandelia S-344 (XVIII s) H-2346 (XVIII s) H-2188 (XIX s) (cincaZe 1995 37)

12

lolaSvilis mosazrebas da specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis

Sedegad askvnis rom mTargmneli petre gelaTelia ldquoaRniSnul TargmanSi

vlindeba sakuTriv gelaTuri (arapetriwiseuli) petriwiseuli da

sruliad axali sakuTriv petre gelaTeliseuli

terminTSesatyvisobanicrdquo (WeliZe 1996 674)

prozauli redaqciebis garda arsebobs saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi

gadamuSavebebic

1) erT aseTs eqvTimeseul Targmanze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebul

leqsiT redaqcias romelic gamosca iv lolaSvilma (petriwi 1968)

tradicia ioane petriws miawers ldquosaxeli iovane aRniSnulia 302-e

strofis kidurwerilobaSic ldquomeox meqmen mamao iovane me ndash iovanes

mosavsa Sensardquo es ioane aris petriwi amas adasturebs literaturuli

tradicia (xelnawerze darTuli anderZebi da XVIII saukunis mweralTa

cnobebi)rdquo (petriwi 1968 94) amdenad radganac teqstis avtoris

dadgenisTvis aucilebeli kvlevebi ar aris Catarebuli da amjerad arc

Cveni kvlevis interesSi Semodis aRniSnul teqsts pirobiTad ioane

petriwiseulad movixseniebT

2) sxva anonimi avtoris mier damuSavebuli grigol nazianzelis

TxzulebebSi CarTuli poeturi redaqciis fragmentebi qeTevan

bezaraSvilma aRmoaCina teqsti gamocemulia Jurnal macneSi da imave

Jurnalis or nomerSi dabeWdilia vrceli gamokvleva teqstis Sesaxeb

(bezaraSvili 1987 129-154 bezaraSvili 1989 142-162) klemaqsis axal

qarTul versias safuZvlad udevs petre gelaTelis Targmani anonimi

frazeologiuri sizustiT misdevs Tavis wyaros mkvlevris azriT es

teqsti romelic moRweulia XVIII-XIX ss xelnawerebiT unda

momdinareobdes adreuli nakluli dednidan romelic Tavis mxriv

xelnaweris prosodiis niSnebis mixedviT petriwuli saliteraturo

skolidan unda iyos gamosuli amasve miuTiTebs teqstis stilic

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-148)

bolo ori leqsiTi redaqcia XVIII saukuneze adrindeli

xelnawerebiT ar aris cnobili isini antonis saliteraturo skolis

interesebma Semogvinaxa (bezaraSvili 1989 143-144) ufro metic

13

3) saTnoebaTa kibis ukanaskneli (XVIII s) da erTgvarad Semajamebeli

redaqcia Tavad anton kaTalikoss ekuTvnis teqsti erTi S-3731

xelnaweris mixedviT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam (kukava

1996)

saTnoebaTa kibe rogorc SesavalSi aRiniSna XIII saukuneSi

uTargmniaT qarTulidan somxurad somxurad am Targmanis ori nusxa

arsebobs erTi XIII saukunis xolo meore mogviano periodis orive

nusxaSi meoce Tavis bolos Senaxulia cnoba am Zeglis somxurad

Targmnis Sesaxeb ldquonaTargmnia aqamomdis wrfelis mowesis minas mesvetis

mier qalaq trapizons xolo aqedan simeon xuces-monazonisagan qarTuli

eniTrdquo simeon xuces-monazons klemaqsis garda qarTulidan somxurad

uTargmnia ioane damaskelis wyaroAacute-codnisaAacute da prokle diadoxosis

kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni ioane petriwis sqolioebiTurT saTnoebaTa

kibis somxur Targmanze dakvirvebis Sedegad i abulaZem gaarkvia rom

sakuTriv teqsti da traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT naTargmnia petre

gelaTelis qarTuli Targmanidan xolo ganmartebebi da daniel

raiTelis mier dawerili ioane sinelis cxovreba misdevs eqvTime

aTonelis Targmans mkvlevris azriT Zeglebi romlebic simeons

uTargmnia somxurad SemTxveviT xelT Cavardnili ar Cans isini

sagangebodaa SerCeuli rogorc metad mimzidveli Txzulebebi saSualo

saukuneebSi (abulaZe 1938 128-133)

zemoT warmodgenili mcire istoriul-literaturuli eqskursis

Semdeg SevexebiT saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad istoriul

da literaturul sakiTxebs romelTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSe rogorc

aRvniSneT SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis rolisa da

adgilis gansazRvra

14

amp 1 moralur-eTikuri principebi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi

cnobilia rom qristianuli eTikis wyaro pirvel rigSi bibliaa

Sesabamisad asketuri praqtika swored bibliis eTikis gansakuTrebuli

simkacriT dacvas gulisxmobsAasketizmi qristianuli kulturis erT-

erTi fundamentia am kulturis nebismieri sferos srulyofilad

Seswavla askezis eTikuri principebis gauTvaliswineblad SeuZlebelia

Tu adre mecniereba asketizms ganixilavda rogorc mxolod uaryofiT

movlenas masSi eZebda sociumTan damokidebulebaSi oden destruqciul

midgomebs individis SemboWav da madeformirebel kategoriebs dRes

aSkarad gamoikveTa araerTi aspeqti misi rogorc dadebiTi movlenisa

Sesabamisad monoliTur dasavlur kulturaSi TiTqos xelaxlა

aRmoაCines asketizmi rogorc kulturuli movlena DdabejiTebiT

miuTiTeben rom asketizmi gvTavazobs eTikis safuZveldamdeb

motivaciebs rom asketuri Rvawlis gavlena ar Semoifargleba oden

religiuri sivrciT aramed is zemoqmedebs kulturis xelovnebis

mwerlobis ama Tu im mimarTulebis formirebaze xolo eTikuri

diskursis fonic da intenciac asketizmSia saZiebeli (xoruJi 1998 24)

raki ioane sinelis teqsti zneobrivi saxelmZRvaneloa pirvel

rigSi saWiroa gairkves eTikis roli antikur da Sua saukuneebis

kulturaSi

cnobilia rom qristianulma kulturam Tavis wiaRSi antikuri

msoflmxedvelobis erTgvari integracia moaxdina ufro metic Sua

saukuneebSi qristianuli filologiis ganviTarebis process aRweren

rogorc antikuri meTodologiisa da praqtikis rdquoqristianizaciisrdquo

process (doborjginiZe 2012 43) igive SeiZleba iTqvas Sua saukuneebis

msoflmxedvelobaze bunebrivia rom antikur-berZnul kulturaze

amozrdilma da am kulturiT nasazrdoebma qristianulma

msoflmxedvelobam memkvidreobad antikuri kulturisa da filosofiis

didi gamocdileba miiRo aqve aRvniSnavT rom platonis

filosofiasTan (saerTod klasikuri periodis eTikasTan ndash im)

qristianuli eTikisa da asketuri principebis gansakuTrebuli

siaxlovidan gamomdinare mkvlevari rv livingstoni wignSi ndash berZeni

15

geniosi da misi mniSvneloba CvenTvis (The Greek Genius and its Meaning to us)

ndash svams udavod saintereso SekiTxvas iyo Tu ara platoni asketi

(livingstoni 1912) es siaxlove samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzis

aris aRniSnuli jilian evansis marTebuli azriT filosofiur

sistemebs hqonda ara mxolod inteleqtualuri aramed praqtikul-

moraluri xasiaTic maTi mizani iyo bednierebis miRweva saTnoebebis

meSveobiT (evansi 2014 10) Sua sakuneebis qristianobis moralis

filosofia moicavs qristianuli da antikuri moralis sinTezis

mcdelobas rac qristiani moazrovnisaTvis ar unda yofiliyo rTuli

saqme ldquoTuki filosofosebi acxadebdnen rom netari cxovreba miiRweva

im adamianebis mier romlebic sakuTar dacemul bunebaze rac SeiZleba

maRla dadgomas cdiloben da yvelaferSi RmerTs baZaven mSvidi

uSfoTveli cxovrebiT rac amqveyniuri siameebisadmi da vnebebisadmi

zurgis Seqcevas niSnavs gana SeiZleboda qristians rame

sawinaaRmdego hqonoda amgvari TvalTaxedvisadmi qristianebi mxolod

am ideebis gaRrmaveba-ganviTarebas moisurvebdnen da filosofiur

sistemaSic imave gzas dasaxavdnen im filosofosebisTvis romlebic

sulis ukvdavebas aRiarebdnen bednieri cxovreba ar Semoifargleboda

mxolod amqveyniuri arsebobiT misi realizeba am cxovrebis Semdgomac

iyo SesaZlebeli ase rom qristianebi da filosofosebi ar

saubrobdnen sxvadasxva enaze garkveuli azriT qristianoba Tavad

warmoadgenda filosofiasrdquo (evansi 2014 11) miuxedavad imisa rom

antikuri filosofiisa da qristianuli kulturisTvis niSandoblivi

eTikuri principebis formaluri gamoxatuleba xSirad Tanxvdeba

gavrcelebuli azriT eTikisTvis axali epoqa iwyeba qristianobis

gariJraJze radganac antikur paganizms ar hqonia RvTisa da samyaros

urTierTobis kacobriobis erTianobisa da moraluri kanonis bunebis

Sesaxeb naTlad da zustad Camoyalibebuli koncefcia Sesabamisad am

da msgavs sakiTxebs pirvelad qristianobam mohfina naTeli

qristianobam moitana axali ideali ndash eTikuri swavlebis centrSi

daayena da upirveles cnebad aqcia siyvaruli da dasaxa axali mizani ndash

moraluri srulyofa adamianis RmerTTan mimsgavsebisTvis ldquoda

Seiyuaro ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa

16

suliTa SeniTa da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa da yovliTa ZaliTa

SeniTa ese ars pirveli mcnebaAacute Seiyuaro moyuasi Seni viTarca Tavi

Tacircsirdquo (mark 12 30-31) ufro metic ldquogiyuarded mterni Tquenni da

akurTxevdiT mwyevarTa TquenTa da keTilsa uyofdiT moZuleTa

TquenTa da ulocevdiT maT romelni gmZlavrobden Tquen da gdevniden

Tquenrdquo (mT 544) radganac Tavad RmerTia siyvaruli ldquoromelsa ara

uyuardes man ara icis RmerTi rameTu RmerTi siyuarulisaAacute arsrdquo (1 in

48) Tumca rogorc pavle mociquli gvaswavlis RmerTma moraluri

kanoni dawera im adamianTa gulebSic ki romlebic qristianuli

gamocxadebis farglebSi ar Tavsdebodnen ldquoromelni gamoaCineben

saqmesa Sjulisasa dawerilsa gulTa Sina maTTa Tana-mowamebiTa

maTda gonebisa maTisaAacuteTa da Soris urTierTas gulis sityuani

Seasmenden anu sityuas ugebdenrdquo (rom 215)

ra aris morali ratom unda iyos adamiani moraluri am kiTxvebze

sistemuri pasuxis gacemas kacobriobis istoriis yvela etapze cdiloben

platonisTvis tradiciuli saTnoebebis (moTmineba simamace

samarTlianoba RvTismosaoba) sargeblianoba damokidebulia imaze Tu

rogor exmarebian isini adamians bednierebis mopovebaSi misi azriT

bedniereba mdgomareobs sulis harmoniaSi saTnoebebi ki am procesSi

SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc amgvari fsiqikuri harmoniis aucilebeli

aspeqti

Aaristotele im varaudis sapirispirod rom moraluri principebi

aris Tandayolili fiqrobs rom moraluri saTnoeba arc Tandayolilia

da arc Teoriuli gansjiTa da swavliT miiRweva is xSiri sistematuri

praqtikiT gamomuSavdeba da gamouyeneblobiT ikargeba (buaZe 2014)

rdquosaTnoebani ar arian warmoSobilni arc bunebrivad da arc bunebis

sawinaaRmdego gziT Cven mas movipovebT da srulvyofT miCveviTrdquo (arist

nikom eTik 1103a)

epikures moZRvrebaSi eTika dafuZnebulia hedonizmze radganac aq

kargi gaigivebulia sasiamovnosTan magram WeSmariti hedonizmi

epikurelebisTvis gonebrivi simSvidea romelic gulisxmobs

crurwmenebis RmerTebis da imqveyniuri cxovrebis SiSis daZlevas

17

stoikosebisTvis eTika kargi cxovrebaa rac miiRweva bunebasTan da mis

kanonebTan harmoniaSi yofniT maTTvis Tavad saTnoebebia adamianuri

cxovrebis erTaderTi mizani maT miaCniaT rom adamians saTno cxovrebis

miRweva yvelanair pirobebSi SeuZlia amitom amqveyniur ldquosikeTeTardquo

mimarT filosofiur gulgrilobas qadageben (peri 2014)

amrigad antikur filosofiaSi adamianis telosi bednierebaa

xolo bedniereba Tavis mxriv ukavSirdeba zneobis moralis Sesabamisad

cxovrebas sainteresoa ras Tvlian moralurad berZeni filosofosebi

da ra aqvs saerTo qristianul morals antikur filosofiaSi

Camoyalibebul eTikur principebTan

amjerad Cvens mizanს ar warmoadgens qristianuli eTikis rogorc

Camoyalibebuli sistemis antikur eTikur sistemasTan zogadi mimarTebis

kvleva SemovifarglebiT ufro konkretuli amocaniT ndash calkeuli

moraluri konceptis (am SemTxvevaSi vercxlismoyvareoba sixarbe

angareba da mflangveloba nayrovaneba gemoTmoyvareoba da

TavSeukavebuloba) antikuri da qristianuli gaazrebisa da maT Soris

msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis warmoCeniT

Kklasikuri periodis udidesi warmomadgenlis platonis Teza

rom suli unda idges sxeulsa da maSasadame yovelive materialurze

maRla gadavida qristianobaSi da Tavi iCina qristian moRvaweTa

naazrevSic (kahani 2009 34) platonis idealuri saxelmwifos mcvels ar

aqvs qoneba ldquomcvelebs arc sakuTari saxl-kari unda hqondeT arc miwa-

wyali da arc sxva ram avladideba isini mosaxleobisgan iReben sursaT-

sanovages TavianTi samsaxuris sanacvlod da erTad moixmaren mas Tuki

surT WeSmariti mcvelebi erqvaTrdquo (plat saxelmw 1913) amdenad SuRli

da dava adamianis mesakuTruli bunebis gamo warsuls bardeba da

materialuri Rirebulebebis tyveobisgan Tavisufali suli mzadaa

Sesamecneblad

rac Seexeba aristoteles misi filosofia deskrifciulia igi

Tanadrouli sazogadoebisTvis tipur eTikur principebs aRwers

bdquosaTnoeba aris Tviseba SeZenili SerCevis safuZvelze igi CvenTvis

3 citatebs platonis saxelmwifodan vuTiTebT baCana bregvaZis Targmanidan

18

Sualedur mdgomareobas warmoadgens Sualedi ki or borotebas Soris

ndash siWarbesa da naklebobas Sorisaaldquo (arist nikom eTik 1107a) amitom

aristoteles eTikis mixedviT idealuria Sualeduri mdgomareoba

siZunwesa da mflangvelobas Soris amgvar adamians bdquoaxasiaTebs gacema

imaze viszec saWiroa miReba imisgan visganac saWiroa da armiReba

imisgan visganac araa saWiroldquo (arist nikom eTik 1120a)

naklebad radikaluri damokidebuleba aqvT materialur

RirebulebebTan mimarTebaSi romael filosofosebs seneka amtkicebs

rom simdidre TavisTavSi ar moicavs borotebas Tumca is SeiZleba iyos

amis mizezic igi ar gamoricxavs saTnoebis mopovebis SesaZleblobas

qonebis daxmarebiTac (De Vita Beata) ciceronis azriTac simdidre

SeiZleba iyos saTnoebis winapiroba Tumca ara aucilebeli (grifini

1976 296)

materialuri Rirebulebebisadmi ebraelTa damokidebuleba Cans

Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi k perotas azriT Raribi daculia RvTisagan

imdenad ramdenadac damqiravebelma droulad da samarTlianad unda

gadauxados gasamrjelo daqiravebuls rac ara marto Raribs icavs

usamarTlobisgan aramed damqiravebelsac zedmeti simdidris

dagrovebisgan (perota 2004 44) Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT materialur

simdidres aqvs maRali faseuloba bibliuri abraami isaaki iakobi

solomoni agroveben qonebas romelic aris RvTiuri nebis niSani Tumca

amavdroulad Zveli aRTqma moiTxovs mdidrisgan Raribis daxmarebas

rac Seexeba axal aRTqmas aq simdidre gaazrebulia

erTmniSvnelovnad negatiur konteqstSi rogorc damabrkolebeli

faqtori RvTis mcnebebis aRsrulebis gzaze ldquoda zrunvani amis

soflisani da sacTuri simdidrisaAacute SeuAtildedis da SeaSTvian sityuaAacute igi

da unayofo iqmnisrdquo (mark 419) ieso gamoricxavs RmerTisa da mamonas

samsaxurs erTdroulad radgan ldquomdidari Zniad Sevides sasufevelsa

caTasa da merme getyAcirc Tquen uadviles ars aqlemi ganslvad Atildeurelsa

nemisisa vidre mdidari Seslvad sasufevelsa caTasardquo (mT 19 23ndash24)

amitom igi kategoriulad mouwodebs morwmuneebs bdquoganyideniT monagebni

19

Tquenni da mieciT qvelis-saqme da yavT Tavisa Tquenisa safase romeli

ara daZueldesldquo (lk 12 33ndash34)

axali aRTqmis es xazi qristianobaSi mogvianebiT patristikuli

literaturiTa da asketuri moRvaweobiT gagrZelda radganac asketuri

moRvaweobis sabasizo saTnoebas axloblebTan ganSorebasTan erTad

yovelgvari materialuris uaryofa warmoadgenda amgvarma tendenciam

moitana samonastro sazogadoebebis Camoyalibeba metic gamoikveTa am

tendenciis kidev ufro mkveTri forma ndash sociumisgan (samonastro

sazogadoebisganac ki) gamdgari martodmyofoba da bunebrivia rom mis

erT-erT fundamentur principad iqca upovareba

Aasketuri moqmedeba iTxovs koncentracias sakuTar Sinagan

samyaroze maqsime aRmsarebeli ambobs bdquonetari goneba ukan moitovebs ra

yovelive (materialurs) dausruleblad tkbeba saRvTo mSvenierebis

(xilviT)ldquo (PG Vol 90 964D) amitomac eklesiis mamebi uaryofdnen kerZo

sakuTrebas da sxvebsac amisken mouwodebdnen netari avgustines azriT

simdidris dagroveba ar aris Rirebuli mizani qristianisTvis imave

azrs imeorebs klimenti aleqsandrieli (granti 2004 49) ioane

sinelisUsaTnoebaTa kibeSi romelic ajamebs ZiriTad qristianul

saTnoebebs calke Tavi eZRvneba vercxlismoyvareobas teqstis avtori

Teologiur sakiTxebSi Rrma gawafulobis garda amJRavnebs adamianis

fsiqologiis safuZvlian codnas amitomac axerxebs Caswvdes ama Tu im

vnebis warmomSobi adamianuri bunebis yvelaze dafarul da Rrma Sreebs

ldquovecxlis-moyvarebaAacute Tayvanis-cemaAacute ars kerpTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 277)

ldquodasawyisi vercxlis-moyvarebisaAacute arn gulis-sityuaAacute mowyalebisaAacute xolo

aRsasruli misi arn siZulili glaxakTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 278)

vercxlismoyvareoba gamoricxavs sulze zrunvas ldquoxolo romeli

ityodis Tu orive maqundeso igi Tavsa TAcircssa acTunebsrdquo (sineli 1965

277)

qristianuli eTikis kidev erTi centraluri principi nayrovanebis

vnebasTan brZolaa saqme isaa rom mankiereba ar aris TviTkmari

radganac yovel vnebas sxva vneba udevs safuZvlad da Tavadac sxva

vnebis Semoqmedia amgvar Sexedulebas adamianis qcevaze xangrZlivi

20

dakvirveba udevs safuZvlad asea gagebuli codvis raoba antikur

filosofiaSic da qristianul saazrovno sivrceSic Pplatoniს azriT

mravalferovani sakvebi aRviraxsnilobis mizezia rac xels uSlis da

azarmacebs mcvels brZolis velze (plat saxelmw 112) amasTanave

mankierebis sxvadasxva gamovlineba miuTiTebs adamianis xasiaTis ama Tu

im sisusteze magaliTad aristotelesTvis nayrovaneba TavSeukaveblobaa

da gasakicxia ndash ldquobunebriv miswrafebaTagan cotaa iseTi romelic

gvacTunebs da isic erT SemTxvevaSi gadaWarbebis dros radgan Wama an

sma imisa rac mogxvdeba sanam mucels ar amoiyorav niSnavs bunebrivi

zomis gadaWarbebas magram Sevseba imisa rac aklia adamians aris

bunebrivi moTxovnileba isini romlebic saWiroze metad iyoraven

mucels Rormucelebi arian aseTebi monuri bunebisa arianldquo (arist

nikom eTik 1118b) igi am sakiTxSic zomierebis momxrea Tvlis ra rom

bdquojanmrTelobas Rupavs zedmeti an naklebi saWmeli da sasmelildquo (arist

nikom eTik 1104a) amgvarad platonic da aristotelec gadaWarbebuli

saWmlis miRebisgan Tavis mozRudvas ormagi funqciiT tvirTaven ndash

zrunva fizikur janmrTelobaze da nayrovanebisgan warmoSobili

mankierebebisgan (rogoricaa siZva mrisxaneba ulmobeloba da aS) Tavis

arideba rac adamianis sulis misi xasiaTis sworad formirebis

winapirobaa

Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT egviptelTa tyveobidan Tavdaxsnil

ebraelebs bdquogulman uTqua gulisTqmaAacute dasxda da tiroda da Zeni

israAgravelisanica maT Tana da ityodes vin mces Cuen Atildeorci da vWamoT

ldquo(ricx 11 4-5) ufalma mouvlina maT xorci bdquoda Atildeorci igi iyoRa pirsa

Sina maTsa da arRa moklebul iyo da ufali ganrisxna ersa mas zeda da

mosra eri igi wylulebiTa didiTa friadldquo (ricx 11 33) klasikuri xanis

moazrovneTa msgavsad Zvel aRTqmaSic nayrovaneba sxva mankierebebis

safuZvlad miiCneva bdquogarna ese usjuloebaAacute sodomisa disa Senisa

ampartavanebaAacute da sisavsiTa purisaAacuteTa da iefobiTa nukveulobda igi da

asulni misnibdquo (ezek 16 49)

am eTikur xazs agrZelebs axali aRTqmac ldquoda vhrqua sulsa Cemsa

sulo gaqus mravali keTili daunjebuli mravalTa welTa ganisuene

21

Wame da su da ixarebd hrqua mas RmerTman ugunuro amas Ramesa migiRon

suli Seni Sengan ege romel moimzade visa iyosrdquo L(lk 1219-20)

nayrovanebasTan brZola SesaZlebelia marxviT romelic kargad

nacnobi praqtikaa aramarto antikuri-berZnuli samyarosTvis (orfeosis

kultis mimdevrebiDdionises kulti piTagorelebi) aramed TiTqmis

yvela religiuri Tu filosofiuri sistemisTvis Tumca qristianuli

marxvis ideas gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvs ndash sakvebisgan Tavis Sekaveba

aris pirvel rigSi gonebisa da sulis ganwmendis saSualeba

gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri iyo nayrovanebasTan marxvis saTnoebiT brZola

samonastro sazogadoebaSi bdquogamaride yovelgvar sacTurs uwminduri

saWmeli rodi maSinebs aramed uwminduri vnebaldquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 46) ndash wers netari avgustine igi nayrovanebasTan brZolis magaliTs

Tavadve iZleva ldquodResdReobiT ki siamovnebad miCans es aucilebloba da

me vebrZvi am sitkboebas (nayrovaneba ndashim) raTa misi tyve ar gavxde esaa

yoveldRiuri brZola marxulobiTa da bdquoxorcis daTrgunviTldquo (net

avgust aRs X XXXI 43) qristianuli asketizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

iyo rogorc eqstremalurad radikaluri meTodebiT brZola ama Tu im

vnebis dasamarcxeblad ise zomiereba am brZolaSi netari

avgustinesTvis sakvebis zomieri miRebaa nayrovanebasTan brZolis

yvelaze gonivruli forma bdquopirs ise unda amosdo lagami rom arc

Zalumad movzidoT da arc sul mivuSvaT sadaverdquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 47) am xazs agrZelebs ioane damaskeliც igi aucileblad miiCnevs

bunebiseul da aucilebel sxeulebriv moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas

imisTvis rom sxeulma ar dakargos sasicocxlo Zalebi radganac RvTis

mcnebebis aRsrulebas sulierTan erTad sWirdeba fizikuri Zalisxmevac

bdquosxeuliseul siamovnebaTagan nawili aris erToblivad bunebiseulic da

aucilebeliac romlebis gareSe SeuZlebelia sicocxle rogorebicaa

magaliTad sinaklulis Semavsebeli saWmeli da aucilebeli samosirdquo

(ioan damask gard 2000 364) Tumca zomiereba ioane damaskelis azriTac

gadamwyveti faqtoria sulieri harmoniis SesanarCuneblad bdquonawili

(siamovnebebi ndash im) arc aucilebelia da arc bunebiseuli rogorc

magaliTad simTvrale avxorcoba da nayrovaneba arc ametebs saWiroebas

22

radgan isini arc Cveni sicocxlis ganmtkicebas emsaxurebian da arc

modgmis memkvidreobiTobas aramed piriqiT zians gvayenebenldquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 364) nayrovaneba safuZveli SeiZleba iyos

TavSeukaveblobis rac Tavis mxriv azianebs sxeuls ryvnis suls da

abnelebs gonebas amis sapirispirod bdquomarxva kurnavs sulier Wrilobebs

da aaxlebs codviT gaxrwnil suls igi ganamtkicebs gonebas

Stagvagonebs RvTis SiSs anadgurebs vnebebs aTvinierebs zraxvebs rdquo

(ioan oqrop marxv 1991)

nayrovanebis vnebaze msjelobas ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibiT

davasruleb ldquomTavari eSmakTaAacute ars zeciT gardamovrdomili igi mTiebi

da mTavar vnebaTa ars simaZRre muclisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 233) rogorc

vxedavT ioane sineli Tavisi winamorbedebis msgavsad miiCnevs rom

gadametebuli ZRoma safuZvels udebs yvelanair codvas da

gansakuTrebiT aRvivebs vnebebs ldquosimaZRre WamadTaAacute mamaAacute ars siZvisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 225) igia saTave yovelgvari mankierebis ldquopirmSoAacute Cemi ars

siZvaAacute da Semdgomad misa ndash sificxe gulisaAacute da mesameAacute ars Zili da

merme ndash zRuaAacute gulis-sityuaTaAacute da Relvani Seginebisani da ufskruli

gamouTqumelTa da miuTxrobelTa arawmidebaTaAacute Cemgan gamovals asulni

Cemni arian mconarebaAacute mraval-metyuelebaAacute kadnierebaAacute da gancxromaAacute

sicili cilobaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 236) is rac gaxda mizezi ldquodacemasa mas

adamissa warwymedasa esavissa momsrvelsa israeAgravelTasa noes

Seuracxebasa gomornelTa damwuvelsa loTis bralobasardquo (sineli 1965

235) ioane sinelisTvis nayrovanebasTan brZolis saukeTeso gza

zomierebaa da Tanmimdevrulobaa

zemoT warmodgenili masala naTelyofs rom nayrovanebis vnebis

antikuri filosofiuri da Sua saukuneebis qristianuli gaazreba

Zalzed msgavsia

amrigad morali zneoba universaluri kategoriaa ara romelime

erTi religiis an kulturis monapovari aramed kacobriobis mdidari

sulieri gamocdilebis nayofi qristianulma msoflmxedvelobam

memkvidreobad miiRo antikur kulturaSi Camoyalibebuli da Teoriulad

kargad gaazrebuli moralur-eTikuri principebi romelmac axali

msoflmxedvelobis wiaRSi garkveuli transformacia ganicada amasTan

23

qristiani mamebi ara marto amCnevdnen aramed miuTiTebdnen kidec

antikuri tradiciis gangrZobadobaze da mas RvTis arsis absolutur

sikeTed gaazrebis konteqstSi ganixilavdnen bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi

bunebasa Sina Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa

dambadebeli ars RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier

Cuen Soris rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca

warmarTnica swyaloben kacsaldquo (sineli 1965 394) es siaxlove

gansakuTrebiT maSinaa mosalodneli roca axali msoflmxedveloba

yalibdeba iseTi Zlieri kulturis wiaRSi rogoricaa antikuri

berZnuli civilizacia amdenad qristianuli teqstis kvleva

aucileblad moiTxovs antikuri berZnuli tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebas

ramdenadac vfiqrobT es aris uwyveti erTiani saazrovno procesi

24

amp 2 saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis sakiTxi

saTnoebaTa kibis teqstze darTul werilSi ioane raiTeli ioane

sinels sTxovs rom asketur gzaze Semdgar moRvaweTaTvis Tavis

mravalferovan praqtikul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT aRweros

sulisTvis margebeli rCevebi marTlac 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi asketur

RvawlSi myofi ioane sineli saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnisas xelmZRvanelobs

sakuTari praqtikuli gamocdilebiT magram ioane sinelis Sroma aris

avtoris samonastro cxovrebis mdidari gamocdilebisa da winare

tradiciis erTgvari sinTezi (ueari 1982 59) Sua saukuneebis

Teologiur-filosofiur literaturaSi ioane sinelis Rrma

ganswavlulobaze metyvelebs erTi mxriv zedwodeba ndash ldquosqolastikosirdquo

xolo meore mxriv TxzulebaSi gamoyenebuli mravalferovani wyaroebi

saTnoebaTa kibis zogierT wyaroze teqstSive gvxvdeba miniSneba xolo

sxva danarCeni gamovlenilia specialuri samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad

winamdebare paragrafi imdenad aris mniSvnelovani qarTuli

filologiisTvis ramdenadac cxadia rom saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT

Sua saukuneebis qarTveli mkiTxveli ecnoba ara mxolod asketur-

mistikuri Janris brwyinvale Zegls aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac

romelsac Txzuleba emyareba

mkvlevar andrei kordoCkins SeniSnuli aqvs rom Cveulebriv

klasikuri wyaroebis gamoyenebisas ioane sineli ase miuTiTebs bdquoΚαigrave θαῦμα

ὄντως πῶς καί Ἑλληνές τι τοιοῦτον ἐφθέγξαντο ἐπεigrave καigrave φιλοσοφίαν τοῦτο εἶναι ὁρίζονται

μελέτην θανάτουldquo (PG Vol 88 797 C) ldquosakAcircrvel ars viTar warmarTaca esreT

sTnda ese vidreRa Tques viTarmed sibrZne AtildesenebaAacute ars sikudilisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 161) ldquoda sakAcircrvel namdAcirclve viTar da ellinTaca eseviTari

raAacuteme aRmoTques vinaAacuteTgan da filosofosobadca amas gansazRvreben

yofad wurTasa sikudilisasardquo (A-39 63v)4 mkvlevris azriT ioane sinelis

zemoTmoyvanili azris wyaroa cnobili pasaJi platonis fedonidan (Pl

Phaed 67e) magram uSvebs SesaZleblobas rom sineli sxva qristiani

4 adgilebs petre gelaTelis Targmanidan am da sxva SemTxvevebSic vimowmebT prof m cincaZis mier kritikulad dadgenili teqstidan (A-39 H-1669) romelic mzaddeba gamosacemad

25

avtorebis klimenti aleqsandrielis (Strom 5 11 67) evsevi kesarielis

(Praep Evangel 11 27 18) grigol nazianzelis (Or 277) evagres (Pract 52)

kirile skviTopolelis (Vita Cyriaci 230) Sromebidan icnobdes platons da

ara uSualod (kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

saTnoebaTa kibe upirveles yovlisa religiuri teqstia da

bunebrivia rom igi gajerebulia citatebiT (masSi xandaxan mTeli

pasaJebia moyvanili) Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebidan qarTuli

TargmanebSi gamoyenebuli bibliuri citatebis wyaros sakiTxi calke

kvlevis sagania aq aRvniSnavT rom prof m cincaZis dakvirvebiT eqvTime

aToneli bibliuri citatebis gamoyenebisas zog SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba

bibliis teqstis qarTul redaqciebs zogjer ki pirdapir sinelis

teqsts Targmnis fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadad

gamoyenebulia a redaqcia (SaniZe 1960) (cincaZe 1965 100-105) rac Seexeba

petre gelaTelis Targmans iv lolaSvilis dakvirvebiT saTnoebaTa

kibis petre gelaTeliseul TargmanSi bibliuri teqstebi damowmebulia

ara giorgi mTawmindelis aramed ioane WimWimelis redaqciidan (petriwi

1968 30) amis sapirispirod prof m cincaZe (Sesabamis faqtobrivi

masalis damowmebiT) Tvlis rom petre gelaTeli bibliur citatebs

misTvis Cveuli akribiiT uSualod berZnuli teqstidan Targmnis xolo

fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad qarTul g redaqcias (SaniZe

1960) misdevs (cincaZe 1965 100-105)

saTnoebaTa kibeSi gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans Sua saukuneebis

Teologiis Cinebuli codna rogorc aRvniSneT ioane sineli xSirad

Tavadve miuTiTebs wyaroebze ndash avtoritetul qristian avtorebze

origeneze evagre pontoelze igi origenes kicxavs im cnobili

koncefciisTvis (apokatastasisi) romlis mixedviTac saboloo xsna

gadarCena uklebliv yvelasTvis aris SesaZlebeli (PG Vol 88 865A)

ldquovekrZalneT yovelni da ufroAacutes xolo dacemulni rameTu ara

daemkAcircdros gulTa CuenTa uRmrToAacutesa origenes seni rameTu RmrTisa

kacT-moyuarebasa wina-hyofs bilwi igi da Asesawynarebel iqmnebis gemoAacutes-

moyuareTa da udebTa mierrdquo (sineli 1965 151) evagre pontoeli origenes

Tanamoazrea maTi swavleba dagmo 553 wlis msoflio krebam ioane sineli

akritikebs evagre pontoels ukideresi askezisaken mowodebisTvis

26

ldquohgonebda ubadruki da sawyalobeli evagre viTarmed ubrZnes brZenTasa

ars sityAcircTa da gulisAtildemis-yofiTa aramed scTa ugulisAtildemoAacute igi da

ugunurTa uugunures ipova mravalTa zeda saqmeTa da erTad amas zeda

rameTu ityAcircs viTarmed raJams mravalTa sanovageTa mimarT suridis

sulsa Cuensa maSin SevaiwroT igi puriTaca da wyliTa xolo ese msgavs

ars viTarmca vin hrqua mciresa yrmasa viTarmed ldquoerTiTa nabijiTa

aRAtildeed Tavsa kibisasardquo (sineli 1965 227) saTnoebaTa kibis es polemikuri

paTosi logikuria radganac sul raRac erTi saukune Tu iqneba gasuli

553 wlis msoflio krebis Semdeg romelzec dagmes origenesa da evagre

pontoelis swavlebebi miuxedavad amisa sakiTxi jer isev aqtualuria

radgan aleqsandriuli skolis am ori didi warmomadgenlis

Teologiuri swavlebebi sakmaod Zlier gavlenas axdens ara marto maT

Tanamedrove aramed momdevno epoqis qristian moazrovneebzec

safiqrebelia rom swored maTi popularobidan gamomdinare ioane

sineli romelic aseve iyo Tavisi drois uaRresad avtoritetuli

moRvawe upirispirdeba origenesa da evagres swavlebebs ioane sinelis

Sromis polemikur xasiaTze miuTiTebs berZnul xelnawerSi daculi

teqstis erT-erTi saTauric sityva origenes winaaRmdeg (Λόγος κατά

Οριγένους) Tumca am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT samecniero literaturaSi

azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa magaliTad bogdanoviCi fiqrobs rom ldquogonieri

locvisrdquo ioane sineliseuli koncefcia rogorc RvTis wvdomis

erTaderTi saSualeba warmodgenilia evagre pontoelis romelic Tavis

mxriv ganicdida origenes did gavlenas naazrevSi (bogdanoviCi 1978 151)

an kidev miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli evagresa da origenes

misamarTiT polemikur mimarTvebs ar iSurebs is mainc ldquoevagristiardquo (beki

1959 353-354) igi evagres kvaldakval iyenebs evagreseul termins ldquoλογισμόςrdquo

ldquovnebisrdquo mniSvnelobiT (bogdanoviCi 1968 154)

meore mxriv rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT ioane sineli sxvadasxva

mizniT xSirad imowmebs avtoritetul saeklesio moRvaweebs (PG Vol 88

717B) ioane kasianes ndash ldquomorCilebisagan simdable viTarca vTquT da

simdablisagan gankiTxvaAacute viTarca Tqua didman kasiane gankiTxvisa Tavsa

Sinardquo (sineli 1965 111) grigol nazianzelს (PG Vol 88 949A) ndash

27

ldquoromelnime ityAcircan viTarmed cudad-mzuaobrebaAacute da ampartavnebaAacute

ganyofilni arian urTierTas amisTAcircs rvad saxel-sdeben TavTa maT

vnebaTahellip xolo RmrTis-metyueli grigoli da sxuani mravalni kualad

SAcircdad ityAcircan vnebaTa maTrdquo (sineli 1965 301) (PG Vol 88 1064A)

bdquodabadebulni yovelnive ukueTu viTar daibadnes masve bunebasa zeda

arian viTar me xati var RmrTisaAacute da TiAtildeasa amas Tana aRreul var ndash

viTarca ityAcircs didi grigoli RmrTis-metyuelildquo (sineli 1965 420) efrem

asurs (PG Vol 88 1148D) ldquovin moigo amas sawuTrosa pirvel mermisa mis

saukunoAacutesa uvnebelobaAacute da sisrule eseviTari viTar asurman manrdquo

qarTuli Targmanis aSiaze dakonkretebulia ldquomamasa efrems ityAcircsrdquo

(sineli 1965 504)

rogorc Aandrei kordoCkini miuTiTebs ioane sineli aseve

sargeblobs apofTegmebiT ldquonu daiviwyeb yovelTa dReTa cxorebisa

SenisaTa moRuawesa mas didsa romelsa aTvrametsa welsa ara esma

moZRurisagan AtildeorcieliTa sasmeneliTa Tu cxovndi xolo SinaganTa maT

yurTa maradRe esmoda uflisagan araTu cxondi rameTu ese sityuaAacute ars

locvisa da ucnauri aramed esreT esmoda viTarmed scxondi romeli ese

ganCinebuli ars da mtkiceAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 111 PG Vol 88 717C Sdr alph John

the Theban) ldquoyovladve aravisTAcircs jer-ars raAacuteTamca locvasa Sina saqmesa

iqmoda rameTu ese keTilad guaswava angelozman man romeli netarisa

antonisa moida rameTu iqmn AtildeelT-saqmarsa da merme aRdis locvadrdquo

(sineli 1965 291 PG Vol 88 937D Sdr alph Anthony 1) bdquoicis Tqmuli ese man

romeli pirvel kanjarTa ubrZanebda da erCdes mas xolo ukunaAacutesknel

sulTa ganmrxwnelTa maT kanjarTa mier eSmakTa damorCilebuli da

mokicxul iqmna da romel-igi zecisa puriTa izardeboda xolo

ukuanaAacutesknel keTilisa misgan gamoeAtildeua da sakAcircrveli ese ars romel

Semdgomad sinanulad moslvisa misisa ityoda mwuxarebiT da simwariT

winamZRuari Cueni antoni viTarmed ndash didi sueti daecao xolo saxe

dacemisa misisaAacute dafara yovlad brZenman man rameTu icoda viTarmed-

siZvaAacute iyo AtildeorciTa da Tacircnier sxAcircsa AtildeorcTa Sexebisaldquo (sineli 1965 248

PG Vol 88 885C Sdr alph Anthony 14) ldquosaxed locvisa gaqundin qurivi igi

Wirveuli mosajulisagan misisa xolo saxe dayudebisa ars didi igi da

28

angelozTa swori dayudebuli arsenirdquo (sineli 1965 474 PG Vol 88 1112D

Sdr alph Arsenius 7 2544) teqstis qarTveli mTargmnelebi rogorc ukve

vnaxeT zog SemTxvevaSi roca amis saWiroebas xedaven metateqstis

saSualebiT azusteben informacias5 ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena megAcircptelman man

romelman Tqua viTarmed ara meSinis uflisaganrdquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol

88 1148D Sdr alph Anthony 32) aSiaze miweril SeniSvnaSi ndash ldquomamasa antonis

ityAcircsrdquo igulisxmeba anton didi rogorc anton kaTalikosi azustebs

Tavis redaqciaSi SeniSvnis saxiT an kidev ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena

romelman-igi iloca raAacuteTamca miiqces vnebani misdave da hbrZodes masrdquo

aSiaze minaweri ldquoiovanes ityAcircs moklesardquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol 88 1148D

Sdr Alph John the Dwarf 13) ldquoesreT iyo romelman ndash igi puri da yveli

Atildeelad miiRo (zogierT nusxaSi aRniSnul sityvas axlavs SeniSvna

ldquoserapionrdquo ndash m c ndash miTiTeba amba serapionze ndash i m) da dajda karTa zeda

TAcircsTa gardarTxmiT Zelsa zeda da aCuena man eseviTari simdable da

kualad sxuaman man muSakman siwmidisaman romelman samoseli TAcircsi

aRiZarcua da vidoda uvnebelad qalaqsa Sinardquo (sineli 1965 360 PG Vol 88

997C Sdr Historia Lausiaca 3716) ndash paladi helenepoleli ndash lavsaikoni

(kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

sxva pirdapiri miniSneba uSualo wyaroebze teqstSi ar gvxvdeba

amitom maTi gamovlena aris erT-erTi principuli sakiTxi saTnoebaTa

kibis kvlevis procesSi da amdenad igi sagangebo Seswavlis sagnad iqca

kerZod kalistos ueari swavlobda markoz monazonis Sromebis gavlenas

ioane sinelis teqstze (sakiTxi Seswavlilia sadisertacio naSromis

farglebSi romelic samwuxarod ar aris gamoqveynebuli) (ueari 1965 458-

459) folkeri amtkicebs rom ipova asamde msgavsi pasaJi saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstsa da Razeli mamebis barsanofes ioane Razelis da doreTe

Razelis Sromebs Soris (folkeri 1968 V7) d bogdanoviCi amba isaias

gavlenas xedavs (bogdanoviCi 1968 156-157) saTnoebaTa kibis Semdeg

pasaJSi ldquoviTarca SeuZlebel ars erTiTa TualiTa zecad xedvad da

meoriTa queyanad egreTve SeuZlebel ars Tumca ara evno sulsa romeli

5 SesaZloa ioane sineli imowmebdes im periodis qarTuli saazrovno sivrcisTvis naklebad cnobil moRvawes azrs an naklebad cnobil biografiul detals misi cxovrebidan

29

ara ucxo iqmnes srulad TacircsTagan gonebiTa anu Atildeorcieladrdquo (sineli 1965

51 PG Vol 88 668D Sdr Abba Isaiah Ascet151) (kordoCkini 2003 22) imave

bogdanoviCis azriT urisxvelobis morCilebisa da sulieri winamZRvris

mniSvnelobaze msjelobisas saTnoebaTa kibeSi igrZnoba amba barsanufis

gavlena (bogdanoviCi 1968 156) saTnoebaTa kibeSi bevri pirdapiri citata

da fraza gvxvdeba nilos sinelis Sromebidanac (buxvaldi 1982 400) aseve

saubroben ioane sinelis Sromaze ioane mosxis cnobili Txzulebis

limonaris gavlenazec es gavlena gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba 26-e sityvaSi

gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) (proxorovi 1985

254)

cnobilia rom Sua saukuneebis teqstis wyaroebis kvlevas

arTulebs medievisturi msoflmxedvelobis monoliTuroba xSir

SemTxvevaSi rTulia imis dadgena uSualo gavlenasTan gvaqvs saqme Tu

saerTო tradiciasTan (kordoCkini 2003 21-22) amdenad epoqis specifikidan

gamomdinare (Temebis interesebis tradiciebis msoflmxedvelobis

mTlianoba) rTulia sasuliero xasiaTis teqstis wyaroebis zusti

identifikacia samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad gamovlenil saTnoebaTa

kibis zemoT miTiTebuli wyaroebis garda yuradRebas SevaCerebT kidev

or Cveni azriT sainterso monakveTze romelsac SesaZloa safuZvlad

edos ioane sinelis epoqisTvis kargad cnobili da popularuli

antikuri da neoplatonuri koncefciebi cxadia am SemTxvevaSic

saorWofoa saubari imaze sargeblobs Tu ara sineli uSualod

pirvelwyarodan dasaSvebia Sualeduri teqstis arseboba reminiscencia

an tipologiuri msgavseba magram arc is aris gamoricxuli rom saqme

gvqondes uSualo gavlenasTan miT umetes rom ioane sineli Rrmad

ganaTlebuli saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiur sakiTxebSi kargad

Caxeduli mweralia

saTnoebaTa kibis 26-e safexurSi gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-

yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) vkiTxulobT ldquoraJams orni borotni moiwivnen

jer-ars udaresisa gamorCevaAacute viTar-igi vdgiT raAacute locvasa Sina da

movidis ZmaAacute vinme da erTisa orTaganisa qmnaAacute Tana-guedvis anu datevebaAacute

locvisaAacute anu ara xilvaAacute Zmisa mis da SewuxebaAacute misi maSin ukue

30

gulisAtildema-vyoT viTarmed uaRres da uzeSTaes ars siyuaruli locvisasa

rameTu locvaAacute TaviT TacircsiT oden erTi saTnoebaAacute ars xolo siyuaruli

Semkrebeli ars yovelTa saTnoebaTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 396) ori borotebidan

naklebi borotebis arCeva momdinareobs cnobili miTologemidan

ldquoscilasa da qaribdas Sorisrdquo gavla romelic ukavSirdeba odisevsis

mogzaurobas odisevsi irCevs scilasTan axlos gavlas rogorc ori

borotebidan ufro naklebs man am arCevanis gamo dakarga eqvsi

Tanamgzavri Tumca xomaldi gadaarCina daRupvas rac qaribdasTan

axlos gavlis SemTxvevaSi emuqreboda es azri aqtiurad cirkulirebs

antikur filosofiaSic kerZod dialogSi protagora platoni ambobs

rom Tuki adamians aqvs arCevani or borotebas Soris igi ar airCevs

ufro did borotebas roca aris naklebi borotebis arCevis saSualeba

ἔστι τοῦτο ὡς ἔοικεν ἐν ἀνθρώπου φύσει ἐπὶ ἃ οἴεται κακὰ εἶναι ἐθέλειν ἰέναι ἀντὶ τῶν

ἀγαθῶν ὅταν τε ἀναγκασθῇ δυοῖν κακοῖν τὸ ἕτερον αἱρεῖσθαι οὐδεὶς τὸ μεῖζον αἱρήσεται ἐξὸν

τὸ ἔλαττον (Plat Prot 358cd) es azri aristotelesTanac gaielvebs erTgan

Tumca ara ise mkveTrad rogorc platonisa da ioane sinelis teqstebSi

miuxedavad imisa rom aristotele nikomaqes eTikaSi dasaSvebad miiCnevs

saSuals or ukiduresobas Soris romelTac igi borotebad ganixilavs

filosofosi ganmartavs rom amgvari saSualis migneba adamianisTvis did

siZnelesTan aris dakavSirebuli amitom ldquovinc Suisken iswrafvis is

pirvel yovlisa rac SeiZleba metad unda daSordes kidur mxareebs

rogorc kalifsoc gvirCevs ldquomoaride gemi qafsa da talRasrdquo

mopirdapire mxareebidan erTi ufro metad aris mcdari meore ndash

naklebad SuaSi moxvedra ki Zalian Znelia amitom ambobs is rom meored

curvisas unda SearCio naklebad cudi gzardquo (arist nikom eTik 1109a) es

konceptualuri xazi grZeldeba vefxistyaosanSic vgulisxmob sasiZos

mokvlis epizods romelic swored aristoteles koncefciis WrilSi

aqvs gaanalizebuli profesor elguja xinTibiZes (xinTibiZe 2009 409-410)

aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom aristoteles saSualze msjelobisas

mkvlevari imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciidan

Semdeg originalur strofebs

ldquoumankosa hrwamn yovelive simSvidiT

moiTmens igi satkivarsa yovelsa

31

moyusisa mimarT tkbil ars da saxierca

mdabal da maRal saSualsa zeda myof (238)

romelman Zalni gonierad keTilad

sazomsa zeda ipyrnes saSualobiT

ar midrkebodes marjul gina marcxeniT

aras ivnebdes moRuawe moiTmendes

mas ewodebis uvnebel sakuTrebiT (287)rdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saTnoebaTa kibis qarTvel avtors eTikur

saTnoebebze msjelobisas yoveli saTnoebis umaRles kategoriad swored

ldquosaSualirdquo miaCnia (citirebuli konteqstis berZnuli teqstis Sesabamis

adgilebSi ldquosaSualzerdquo saubari ar Cans) (xinTibiZe 2009 394) SesaZloa

zemoT citirebul strofebs prozauli Targmanis Sesabamis TavSi

uSualo wyaro ar eZebnebodes magram Sua saukuneebis es cnobili

koncefcia ioane sinelis teqstisTvis aSkarad nacnobia miT ufro rom

aRniSnuli Teza popularulia Sua saukuneebisa da Semdegi periodis

filosofiaSic (Toma aqvineli da misi mimdevrebi imanuel kanti da sxva)

zemoT warmodgenili Sexeduleba ioane sinels gamoarCevs

rogorc erT-erT yvelaze liberal qristian avtors Tumca am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxva mosazrebebic magaliTad j meiendorfi

fiqrobs rom ioane sineli moiTxovs asketizmis eqtremalur formas

Tavisi mkiTxvelisgan rac aSkarad miuTiTebs origenistul

spiritualizmze (meiendorfi 1974 70) mkiTxvelTa da mkvlevarTa

gansakuTrebul gaocebas iwveves saTnoebaTa kibis mexuTe Tavi sadac

ioane sineli aRwers gansakuTrebuli savanis dilegis momnanie mkvidrTa

yofas (PG vol 88 772AB) ldquome vixilen Zmano maT Tana muvAtildelni

dakanebulni simravlisagan muAtildelT-drekisa da Tualni maTni Semwuar

iyvnes cremlTa da siRrmed mTasrul iyvnes da Tmani maTni daefxurnes

da Rawuni maTni daebZarnes da moewylnes simravlesa mAtildeurvaleTa maT

cremlTasa da pirni maTni damdnar iyvnes da dayAcircTlebul araraAacuteTa

ganyofil iyvnes mkudarTagan da mkerdni maTni moewylnes cemiTa da

sisxlsa mtknarsa warmohyrides zedaAacuteszeda cemiTa mkerdTaAacutesardquo (sineli

1965 136) mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini teqstis am monakveTis Sesaxeb

ambobs ndash Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis saTnoebaTa kibis pasaJebi momnanie

32

berebis cxovrebidan SeiZleba ufro gavdes sakoncentracio banaks

vidre qristianul institucias Tumca iqve svams kiTxvas ndash ratom rTavs

sineli am pasaJebs teqstSi igi aranair miniSnebas ar gvaZlevs imis

Sesaxeb rom Tavis mkiTxvels mouwodebdes amgvari sinanulisken

(kordoCkini 2003 52) mkvlevari marTebulad SeniSnavs rom ioane sineli

monanulTa savanis mkvidrTa cxovrebas aRwers ara rogorc asketuri

cxovrebis idealur formas aramed rogorc ukompromiso siyvarulis

magaliTs es epizodi deskripciulia avtori ki ar Txzavs aramed

mogviTxrobs imas rac naxa da ramac gaaoca miT umetes moulodnelia

ioane sinelisgan asketizmis eqstremaluri formebis qadageba maSin roca

teqstis sxva nawilebSi igi gamoirCeva liberaluri damokidebulebiT

sxvadasxva principuli sakiTxisadmi ioane sinelis liberaluri

Sexedulebebis sailustraciod mravali magaliTis moxmobac SeiZleba

maT Soris erT-erT TvalsaCino msjelobas warmoadgens tyuilisadmi

miZRvnili Tavidan Semdegi monakveTi ldquoviTarca yovelTa vnebaTa zeda

ganyofilebani arian sasjelTani egreTve tyuilisaTAcircs rameTu sxuaAacute

sasjeli ars misi romelman SiSsaTAcircs tanjAcircsa tyua da sxua ars misi

romelman Tacircnier Wirisa raAacutesame qmna igi uSiSoebiTa RmrTisaAacuteTa sxuaman

tyua sazrdelisaTAcircs da sxuaman gemoTmoyuarebisaTAcircs da sxuaman raAacuteTa

mis Tana myofTa sicili moatyuas da sxuaman ndash raAacuteTa Zmasa Tacircssa boroti

uyosrdquo (sineli 1965 218) ioane sinels miaCnia rom RvTiuri kanonebis

darRvevisTvis sasjelis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba amgvari

qcevis mizezebi

CemTvis saintereso meore epizodi ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis

imave 26-e safexurSi gvxvdeba bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi bunebasa Sina

Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa dambadebeli ars

RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier Cuen Soris

rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca warmarTnica

swyaloben kacsa da siyuaruli bunebiTi ars rameTu pirutyunica

mwuxare iqmnebian urTierTas ganSorebisaTAcircsldquo (sineli 1965 394)

citirebuli pasaJi gvTavazobs cnobil neoplatonur koncefcias imis

Sesaxeb rom boroteba RmerTisgan ar momdinareobs Sesabamisad igi

adamianuri bunebisTvis araorganulia RvTisgan Seqmnili yvela arseba

33

dasabamidanve sikeTesTan aris naziarebi swored amitom warmarTebic ki

swyalobdnen adamianebs radgan sikeTe siyvaruli mowyaleba adamianis

arsisTvis ufro bunebrivia es Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi popularuli

Teologiuri debuleba romelic konceftualurad daamuSava fsevdo

dionise areopagelma erTi ZiriTadi Tezaa SoTa rusTavelis

vefxistyaosnis bdquoRmerTi kargsa moavlinebs av-borotsa ar dahbadebsrdquo

(str 1491)6 iv lolaSvili ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

originalur nawilze dayrdnobiT msjelobs ioane petriwis

msoflmxedvelobisa (prokle diadoxosis kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTnis

Targmanze darTuli komentarebis mixedviT) da saTnoebaTa kibeSi

asaxuli filosofiuri koncefciebis msgavsebaze mkvlevari imowmebs

saTnoebaTa kibis originaluri nawilidan azrs romelic ldquoSezavebulia

areopagituli TeoriiT keTilisa da borotis Sesaxebrdquo ndash erTi (RmerTi)

aris keTiloba yvelafris mizezi yvelafris dasabami da warmomSobi

(lolaSvili 1968 139-140)

ldquogonebisagan sityua iSobebis da

xolo amisi dasabami keTil ars

vinaAacuteTgan sxuaTa cxovelebrivTa sulTa

ZalTa yovelTa zeda-mdgom ars da uZRvis

keTilisadmi marTebs da ganawesebsrdquo (str 1057)

citirebul strofSi araferia naTqvami iseTi rac organuli ar

aris ioane sinelis msoflmxedvelobisTvis amis sailustraciod ioane

sinelis teqstidan bevri adgilis damowmebaa SesaZlebeli erT maTganze

zemoT ukve visaubreT xolo aq msjelobas davasruleb saTnoebaTa kibis

pirvelive Tavis dasawyisiT ris gamoc ioane sineli zogierT mecniers

miuxedavad origenes araerTgzis pirdapiri kritikisa misi moZRvrebis

(apokaTastasisis) gamziarebladac ki miaCnia (kordoCkini 2003 27)

ldquoyovelTa romelTa enebos da eZiebden RmerTsa epoebis maT rameTu igi

ars yovelTa RmerTi da yovelTa cxorebaAacute urwmunoTa da morwmuneTaAacute

marTalTaAacute da codvilTaAacute uvnebelTa da vnebulTaAacute RmrTis-msaxurTaAacute da

6 adgilebs vefxistyaosnidan disertaciis am da sxva nawilSic vimowmebT ak SaniZis 1966 wlis gamocmidan 7 citatebs vimowmbT iv lolaSvilis mier gamocemuli teqstidan (petriwi 1968)

34

usjuloTaAacute erisaganTaAacute da monazonTaAacute brZenTaAacute da uswavlelTaAacute

mrTelTaAacute da uZlurTaAacute WabukTa da moxucebulTaAacute viTarca sivrc

naTlisaAacute da xilvaAacute mzisaAacute da bunebaAacute haerisaAacute yovelTa zeda ars

egreTve igi ars yovelTa cxorebaAacute da amis yovlisa momcemeli da

romelnica eZiebden epoebis maT rameTu ara arc SecvalebaAacute arca

TualT-RebaAacute mis Tana arca winaSe RmrTisardquo (sineli 1965 20)

amrigad ioane sineli uaRresad ganaTlebuli RvTismetyvelia

romelic kargad icnobs Tavisi epoqisTvis aqtualur filosofiur da

Teologiur koncefciebs teqstSi patristikuli literaturisa da

bibliis gverdiT Cans antikuri filosofiis codnac amdenad klemaqsis

TargmniT qarTul saazrovno sivrceSi Semodis aramarto epoqis

umniSvnelovanesi Zegli aramed masSi gamoyenebuli mniSvnelovani

medievaluri wyaroebic

35

amp 3 saTnoebaTa kibis gavlena momdevno epoqis literaturaze

saTnoebaTa kibem didi gavlena moaxdina mTels Semdegdroindel

bizantiur kulturaze evropul samecniero literaturaSi

argumentirebuli kvlevebiT dadgenilia rom ioane sinelis teqstis

uSualo gavlenas ganicdis Sua saukunis araerTi cnobili mwerali Tu

moazrovne kerZod isixi sineli ndash ioane sinelis erT-erTi pirveli

mowafe sinas mTis iRumeni romelic araerTgzis sityvasityviT moixmobs

citatebs saTnoebaTa kibidan (beki 1959 164-165) filoTeos sineli

romelic aseve xSirad mimarTavs saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts anastasi

sineli Tavis mTavar SromaSi kiTxva-migebaAacute araerTgzis iyenebs

saTnoebaTa kibes da kibis simbolosac (bogdanoviCi 1968 159-160)

saTnoebaTa kibe popularuli iyo studiis samonastro wreSic cnobili

moRvawe Teodore studieli erT-erT locvaSi ioane sinels moixseniebs

rogorc ldquobrZen mamasrdquo (bogdanoviCi 1968 160) pirdapiri gavlena moaxdina

saTnoebaTa kibem gansakuTrebiT ki 27-e sityvam dayudebisaTAcircs da

ganSorebisa da dacvisaTAcircs gonebisa (Περί ησυχίας) svimeon axal

RvTismetyvelze (beki 1959 585) romelic misi biografis nikita

stiTatis gadmocemiT jer isev siyrmeSi studiis monasterSi

misvlisTanave gaecno ioane sinelis Txzulebas xolo mis SromebSi

bibliis Semdeg yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba citatebi saTnoebaTa kibidan

(folkeri 1968 315-327) saTnoebaTa kibis didi gavlena igrZnoba aseve

bizantiuri himnografiis cnobil Zeglze andria kritelis did kanonze

(proxorovi 1985 256)

saTnoebaTa kibis kvali Cans SedarebiT gviandeli (XIV s) epoqis

gamorCeuli moRvaweebis grigol sinelisa da grigol palamas (XIII-XIV

ss) TxzulebebSic grigol sinels Tavadac Seudgenia teqsti romelsac

safexureobrivi struqtura hqonda xolo grigol palama gansakuTrebiT

xSirad imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibes (bogdanoviCi 1968 168-172)

sasuliero literaturis garda rusi literaturaTmcodneebi

saTnoebaTa kibis kvals xedaven XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis Teodor

dostoevskisa da nikoloz gogolis SemoqmedebaSi cnobilia rom

36

dostoevskis Tan dahqonda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti da iwerda misTvis

saintereso adgilebs am gavlenis kvali yvelaze TvalsaCinoa romanSi

Zmebi karamazovebi gogolis Sinelis mTavari personaJis akakis

prototipad ki swored saTnoebaTa kibis აmave saxelis mqone personaJi

akaki miaCniaT (Кордочкин 2011)

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna Sua saukuneebis teqstSi wyarosa da

gavlenis dadgena Tuki nawarmoebSive ar gvaqvs amaze pirdapiri miTiTeba

uaRresad rTulia aRvniSneT mizezic Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturuli tradiciisa da epoqis azrovnebis mTlianoba

monoliTuroba amis miuxedavad SevecdebiT visaubroT saTnoebaTa kibis

mimarTebaze SoTa rusTavelis vefxistyaosanTan aRniSnuli

mimarTulebiT kvlevas specialur literaturaSi garkveuli tradicia

aqvs kerZod iv lolaSvils mohyavs erTi strofi ioane petriwiseuli

galeqsili variantidan

ldquowinamdebare ese ganigone Sen

dumilisa gzad dafarulad gonebad

xolo enisa metyvelebad da cxadad

warmomCenelad gulisaTa vinaAacuteTgan

sjobs saqme uAtildemo sityuasa usaqmosardquo (str 195)

petriwis es qristianul-Teologiuri Sexeduleba mkvlevris azriT

emsgavseba vefxistyaosnis cnobil taepebs ldquogagicxada damaluli

gonebaman dafarulmardquo da ldquobolos asre gaacxadna gonebaman dafarulnirdquo

orivegan ldquogonebardquo da ldquodafaruli gonebardquo aris RmerTi poemis gmirebi

eZeben nestans da ai RmerTma apovnina is qajeTis cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli

amiT man gaacxada is didi saidumlo romlis gamJRavnebiT ldquoborotsa

sZlia keTilmanrdquo termini ldquodafaruli gonebardquo nasesxebia qristianuli

filosofiuri Sromebidan da SeiZleba poeti am SemTxvevaSi saTnoebaTa

kibiTac iyos STagonebuli (petriwi 1968 140)

rusTvelis teqstsa da saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseul

Targmans Soris gvxvdeba leqsikuri Tanxvedrebic rac sagangebod aqvs

aRniSnuli m baramiZes bdquoZveli qarTuli enis leqsikonebSi ar Cans petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis rdquomicilebardquo rdquoSecilebardquo daviwyebis

37

mniSvnelobiT sainteresoa rom ldquomicilebardquo am mniSvnelobiT aris

vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoar miscildebis TinaTin misi mas visgan swvav alirdquo

ldquorad davviwydi rad mivscildirdquo

aseve petre gelaTelis redaqciis zedsarTavis ndash rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da

misgan nawarmoebi zmnizedis - rdquouWrelodrdquo mniSvneloba konteqstiTa da

eqvTimes Targmanis mixedviTac aris marTali namdvili namdvilad

marTla erTgulad rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da rdquouWrelodrdquo Targmania berZnuli

teqstis sityvebisa αποικιλος da αποικιλως (PG vol 88 1001C) romlis aTi

mniSvnelobidan erT-erTi (mecxre) aris gaqnili eSmaki cbieri mzakvari

wyaroseuli αποικιλος (uWrelo) da αποικιλως (uWrelod) Wrelis (ποικιλος) da

Wrelad (ποικιλως) sityvebis sapirispiro mniSvnelobisaa am leqsikur

erTeulebsac paraleli eZebnebaT vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoradmca ra vhkadre mefesa Txroba rasaca Wrelisardquo

rdquoymaman uTxra momismine marTlad giTxrob ara Wreladrdquo

konteqstiT kargad Cans rom ldquoWrelirdquo ldquoWreladrdquo ldquomarTlisrdquo

ldquomarTladrdquo mniSvnelobis sapirispiroa ara Wrelad mniSvnelobiT igivea

rac saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis uWrelodrdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saintereso Sedegs mogvcems ori Zeglis am

mimarTulebiT Seswavlis gagrZeleba (baramiZe 2013 52-53)

garda zemoT dasaxelebuli leqsikuri Tu terminologiuri

msgavsebisa vefxistyaosansa da saTnoebaTa kibeSi gvxvdeba saerTo

koncefciebic amjerad yuradRebas mxolod or maTganze gavamaxvileb

rusTvelis mier Camoyalibebuli Teologiuri debuleba `SiSi

Seiqms siyvarulsa~ (10454) romelsac avtori mociquls miawers

`marTlad ityvis mociqulirdquo (10454) mecnierTa msjelobisa da kamaTis

sagnad qceula prof e xinTibiZe am debulebis wyarod ioanes pirveli

epistoles IV Tavs miiCnevs ldquoioanes pirveli epistoles IV Tavi

siyvarulis apologiaa swored aq gaSlis mociquli ioane qristianuli

Teosofiis ZiriTad Tezas `RmerTi siyvaruli ars~ (1 in 48) da rom

RmerTis siyvarulis gamovlenis forma moyvasis siyvarulia `RmerTi

arasada vis uxilavs ukueTu viyuarebodiT urTierTas RmerTi Cuen

Soris hgies da siyuaruli misi Cuen Soris aRsrulebul ars~ (I in 412)

38

swored am konteqstSi gviqadagebs ioane mociquli rom am didi

WeSmaritebis SecnobiT aResruleba CvenSi siyvaruli da siyvarulSi ki

aRar aris SiSi ndash giorgi mTawmidelis Targmani `16 da Cuen vcanT da

gurwmena siyuaruli romeli aqus RmerTsa Cuenda momarT RmerTi

siyuaruli ars da romeli egos siyuarulsa zeda RmerTi mis Tana hgies

da igi RmrTisa Tana 17 amiT aRsrulebul ars siyuaruli Cuen Soris

raAacuteTa gancxadebulebaAacute guaqundes dResa mas sasjelisasa rameTu

viTarca igi iyo da Cuenca varT sofelsa amas Sina 18 SiSi ara ars

siyuarulsa Tana aramed srulman siyuarulman gare gandevnis SiSi

rameTu SiSsa tanjvaAacute aqus xolo moSiSi igi ara srul ars siyuarulsa

zedardquo (xinTibiZe 2009 352-353) mkvlevari aseve miuTiTebs rusTvelis

winamorbed patristikul literaturaze kerZod ki grigol didis

dialoRonis eqvTime aToneliseul Targmanze sadac aseve Cans saubari

sulis SiSisagan siyvarulze gadasvlis Taobaze ldquomravalsaxed

ganiyofebis lmobierebaAacute da wesi cremlTa maTTa romelni mAtildeurvaliTa

guliTa inanden codvaTa maTTa amisTAcircs viTarca pirisagan monanulTasa

ityAcircs winawarmetyueli ieremia ganyofani wyalTani gamoecnes TualTa

CemTa aw ukue sacnaur ars viTarmed daRacaTu mravali ars saxe

cremlTaAacute aramed Tavni saxeni orni arian rameTu odes sulsa surodis

RmrTisa pirvel SiSisagan movlen cremlni da merme siyuarulisagan

rameTu pirvelad tirs monanuli da iglovs AtildesenebiTa codvaTa TacircsTaAacuteTa

da eSinis nuukue saukuneTa maT satanjvelTa mieces xolo odes amiT

wesiTa friad warematos merme SiSi igi moakldebis da iqmnebis RmrTisa

mier gulsavsebaAacute Sendobisa codvaTa misTa da merme movals sulsa mas

zeda siyuaruli RmrTisaAacute da survili sasufevelisa caTaAacutesa da romeli

igi pirvel tiroda SiSisaTAcircs satanjvelTasa ukanaAacutesknel tirs romel

Soravn sasufevlisagan rameTu ganicdin da gamoisaxavn gonebaAacute viTarni

arian mAtildeedrobani angelozTani da rabam arian brwyinvalebani da

Suenierebani maTni da raAacute sawadel ars maT Tana yofaAacute da Tu viTarni

arian saSuebelni wmindaTa mowameTa da mamaTani amisgan kualad miiwevis

gonebaAacute Atildesenebad da survilad didebisa RmrTisa da gonebn Tu viTar

miefinebis angelozTaA zeda da wmidaTa naTeli pirisa misisaAacute amaT

eseviTarTa keTilTa raAacute igonebn diodian TualTagan misTa mdinareni

39

cremlTani da Tu vin Sors ars maT keTilTagan esreT ukue iqnebis

sruli igi lmobierebaAacute da WeSmariti igi gloaAacute SiSisagan siyuarulad

miavlens sulsa mas da amas gamosaxavs werili saxismetyuelebiT~ (ix

xelnaweri A-121 furc 108-110 soxaZe 2002 52-53) (xinTibiZe 2009 354-355)

rusTvelamdeli patristikuli literaturidan zemoT dasaxelebul

wyaros sadac SiSi da siyvaruli gverdigverd aris moTavsebuli

SegviZlia davumatoT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibec

vefxistyaosniseuli Teologiuri debuleba SiSis siyvarulad

transformirebis Sesaxeb ioane sinelis teqstis imdenad bevr konteqstSi

iCens Tavs rom am teqstis mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini sadisertacio

naSromSi sagangebod uZRvnis calke Tavs am sakiTxs Fear and love (SiSi da

siyvaruli) (kordoCkini 2003 259) mas mohyavs Sesabamisi damowmebani

saTnoebaTa kibidan ldquoaRorZinebaAacute SiSisa RmrTisaAacute ars dasabami

siyuarulisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 515 PGvol88 1157C) SiSi pirdapir kavSirSia

siyvarulTan ldquoraoden siyvaruli daakldebodis SiSi ganmravldebisrdquo

(sineli 1965 511 PG Vol 88 1156B) radgan SiSi SeiZleba iqces erTgvar

winapirobad siyvarulisTvis ldquoromelman SiSisagan satanjvelTaAacutesa yos

sofliT gamoslvaAacute misi mravalgzis cecxlsa STagdebulsa sakumevelsa

miemsgavsis romelman pirvelad iwyis sulnelebad da ukuanaAacutesknel

gardaiqcis kuamladrdquo (sineli 1965 26 PG Vol 88 637A) ioane sineli

saubrobs ra momnanie berebze romelTac xorcieli erosi gardaqmnes

sulier siyvarulad askvnis ldquoyovelsave SiSsa meyseulad Tana-warhAtildedes

da siyvarulad RmrTisa miiwivnesrdquo (sineli 1965 145 PG Vol 88 777A)

vfiqrobT dasaxelebuli pasaJebi qmnis naTel warmodgenas SiSi-

siyvarulis monacvleobis ioane sineliseul aRqmaze amgvari adgilebi

teqstSi bevria andrei kordoCkini asaxelebs Sua saukuneebis avtorebs

romelTa SemoqmedebaSic ikveTeba es Teologiuri debuleba eseni arian

origene antoni didi (ldquome aRar meSinia RmerTis radganac me miyvars igirdquo

ndash Apophthegmata Alph Anthony 32) makari egvipteli maqsime aRmsarebeli

romelic SiSsa da imeds ukavSirebs asketuri moRvaweobis pirvel etaps

ndash praqsiss xolo siyvaruls ufro maRal safexurs ndash xedvas Teorias

(kordoCkini 2003 261) vfiqrobT amgvaradve esmis ioane sinels SiSi-

siyvarulis dinamika andrei kordoCkinis SeniSvniT ioane sineli

40

yovelTvis ar akonkretebs saubrobs sasjelis SiSze Tu RvTis SiSze

magram erTi ram cxadia ndash SiSis mdgomareoba yovelTvis win uswrebs

siyvarulis mdgomareobas xolo es ukanaskneli aris STagoneba misTvis

(kordoCkini 2009 263)

amgvarad rusTveliseuli debulebis ldquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

prof elguja xinTibiZis mier gamovlenil wyaros grigol didis

dialoRons Cveni mxriv davumatebT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibes

romelic aseve iqneboda xelmisawvdomi vefxistyaosnis avtorisTvis

zemoT warmodgenil mosazrebas saTnoebaTa kibisa da

vefxistyaosnis calkeuli pasaJebis msgavsebasTan dakavSirebiT kidev

erTs SevmatebT da sakiTxis ukeT gamosakveTad msjelobas cota Soridan

daviwyebT

sulisa da sxeulis interaqciis sakiTxi erT-erTi ZiriTadi

problemaa romelzec msjelobs TiTqmis yvela filosofiuri

mimdinareoba da sxvadasxva religiuri sistema sakiTxi aqtualuria

rogorc antikur filosofiur saazrovno sivrceSi ise Sua saukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi Sesabamisad droTa ganmavlobaSi

Camoyalibda gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi da Teoriebi winamdebare

paragrafSi sakiTxis literaturul-filosofiuri tradiciis

gaTvaliswinebiT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis erT pasaJs

davasaxelebT vefxistyaosnis erT-erT SesaZlo wyarod vefxistyaosnis

CemTvis saintereso gansaxilveli taepis avtoria nawarmoebis erT-erTi

mTavari gmiri _ avTandili megobris dasaxmareblad mimavali avTandili

tovebs anderZs sadac Tavisi saqcielis gasamarTleblad ambobs rom is

ver uRalatebs ver moatyuebs WirSi Cavardnil moyvares radganac

rdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsardquo (st 791)

uSualod sakvlev Temaze gadasvlamde oriode sityviT SevexebiT

sulis Sesaxeb antikur Teoriebsa da sulisa da sxeulis

urTierTmimarTebis problemas Cv w aR-mde V saukunis bolos antikur

saberZneTSi suli gaigeba rogorc cocxali qmnilebebis ganmasxvavebeli

niSani romelsac SeiZleba hqonoda emocia pasuxismgeblobisa da

praqtikuli azrovnebis unari suli matarebelia iseTi saTnoebebis

rogoricaa simamace da samarTlianoba antikuri azrovneba sulis ideas

41

ganixilavs Zalian farTod rogorc cocxali organizmis yvelanair

moqmedebas es koncefcia yvelaze amomwuravad aisaxa aristoteles

filosofiaSi

heraklites azriT suli sxeulebrivia Sezavebuli

araCveulebrivad kargi da iSviaTi saxeobis materiisgan sulis amgvari

sxeulebrivi xedva erTgvarad xsnida sulsa da sxeuls Soris

urTierTobis problemas _ isini ar moiazreboda erTmaniTisgan

radikalurad gansxvavebul kategoriebad

platonis mixedviT suli aris kognituri da inteleqtualuri

suli aris is rac msjelobs fiqrobs da rac aregulirebs da

akontrolebs sxeulsa da mis survilebs gansakuTrebiT Tu es brZeni

sulia igi moicavs iseT Tvisebebs rogoricaa moTmineba samarTlianoba

simamace platons sulis arsi orgvarad esmis rogorc ganmasxvavebeli

moZravis da uZravis da rogorc pasuxismgebeli adamianis ara yvela

mentalur da fsiqologiur qmedebaze aramed mxolod mis garkveul

nawilze

fedonSi sokrate bevr Tvisebas miawers ara suls aramed sxeuls

magaliTad crurwmenas siamovnebas (Pl Phaed 83d) aseve survils da SiSs

(Pl Phaed 94d) sulis funqciaa sxeulis amgvari miswrafebebis

regulacia da kontroli imave dros suli ar aris mxolod

inteleqtualuri radgan mas aqvs aseve survilebi (Pl Phaed 81d)

(magaliTad arafilosofiuri sulis xorcieli siyvaruli (Έρως) (Pl

Phaed 80b) an kidev SimSilis sxeulebrivi survili rasac ar avlens

arasulieri usulo sagani Tumca verc imas vityviT rom suli ayalibebs

amgvar survilebs fedonSi ar aris mkveTrad gamijnuli sakvebis

intensiuri survili modis sulidan Tu xorcidan rogorc Cans

xorcieli survili dakavSirebulia sulTan iseve rogorc procesebi

metabolizmsa da sxeulis zrdaSi (es procesebic ukavSirdeba imas rom

sxeuls gaaCnia suli)

aristoteles Teoria sulis Sesaxeb amomwuravad aris gaSlili mis

traqtatSi De Anima romlis mixedviTac cocxali organizmis yvela

sasicocxlo funqcia miewereba suls igi pasuxismgebelia sxvadasxva

cocxali organizmis qmedebaze da aseve aris ganmasxvavebeli niSani

42

cocxal da aracocxal organizms Soris urTierToba sulsa da sxeuls

Soris aris konkretuli nimuSi ufro zogadi urTieTobisa formasa da

materias Soris (De Anima 22 413a32 23 415a9) aristoteles mixedviT

suli ar aris sxeulebrivi da xorcieli anu materialuri Tumca

platonis poziciis sapirispirod igi fiqrobs rom adamianis suls

sxeulisgan damoukidebeli arseboba ar SeuZlia (De Anima 11 403a3-25 esp

5-16)

sulis antikur Teoriebs gansakuTrebiT platonisa da

aristoteles moZRvrebebs ar daukargavT aqtualoba Semdeg periodSic

qristiani mwerlebi grigol noseli da klimenti aleqsandrieli

davalebulni arian swored platonisgan Tumca sakiTxis gaazrebaSi

SemoaqvT axali niuansebi miuxedavad amisa am da sxva filosofiuri

problemebis postklasikuri ganviTarebis interpretacia unda xdebodes

yvela SemTxvevaSi klasikuri Teoriebis CarCosa da konteqstSi

(lorenci 2009)

amgvarad sulisa da sxeulis funqciis maTi urTierTmimarTebis

sakiTxi antikuri samyarodan moyolebuli yvela didi moazrovnis

gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani yofila maTi arsis raobis gansazRvra

miT ufro arsebiTi iyo ramdenadac swored amis safuZvelze xdeboda

SesaZlebeli adamianis ama Tu im midrekilebis srulyofili analizi da

gamovlena im saSualebebisa romliTac daiTrguneboda amgvari

arasasurveli midrekilebani

aRniSnuli problema metad aqtualuria Suasaukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri azrovnebisTvisac qristianulma religiam

ufro mkveTrad dasva sxeulisa da sulis urTiermimarTebis problema

gaCnda uamravi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego Teoria iyo azrTa sxvaoba

gansakuTrebiT qristianuli religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapebze

qristianuli anTropologia ganviTarda rogorc qristologiis erTi

nawili amitom Zalian rTulia patristikul literaturaSi mwyobri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebis povna garkveuli dilemebi Cans aseve

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibeSic (kordoCkini 2003 34)

gadavideT uSualod sakvlev sakiTxze ndash ioane sinelis teqstze

romlis erTi pasaJi SesaZloa iyos rusTavelis Teologiuri debulebis

43

_ bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) _ wyaro

saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso Teza moTavsebulia teqstis im

safexurSi romelic exeba siZvas bdquoromelnime vnebani gonebisagan xorcTa

momarT movlen da romelnime kualad xorcTagan gonebad da soflioTa

Tana meore ese iqnebis xolo udabnos myofTa Tana pirveli igi rameTu

ara arian maT Tana nivTni nebaTani xiluladldquo (sineli 1965 268)

upirveles yovlisa SevecdebiT ganvmartoT moyvanili pasaJi

imisaTvis rom gavigoT Tu ras gulisxmobs avtori ris Semdegac

paraleli vefxistyaosanTan ufro cxadi da gasagebi gaxdeba teqstSi

gamoyenebuli cneba _ goneba _ semantikurad sulis Tanafardia rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT qristianul literaturaSi da gansakuTrebiT sulier

cxovrebaze daweril traqtatebSi ar aris mosalodneli sistemuri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebisa da Sesabamisad mwyobrad gansazRvruli

anTropologiuri terminologiis povna saTnoebaTa kibe ar aris

anTropologiuri naSromi da Sesabamisad anTropologiuri

terminologiis gamoyenebisas avtori ar icavs mkveTr zRvars maT

gasamijnad (kordoCkini 2003 34) amgvari ldquoaRrevardquo damaxasiaTebelia Sua

saukuneebis patristikuli literaturisTvis ediSer WeliZe grigol

palamas teqstze _ aRsareba marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa _ darTul

komentarebSi aRniSnavs rom ldquosulsrdquo anu ldquopnevmasrdquo saxeldeben agreTve

gonebad (νοῦς) olimpiodore aleqsandrieli ldquopnevmasrdquo ase ganmartavs bdquoigi

vfiqrob aris agreTve goneba (νοῦς)ldquo pnevmis aRiarebam fsiqes nawilad

rac met-naklebad yvela saeklesio RvTismetyvelTan vlindeba gamoiwvia

ldquopnevmisrdquo sinonimuri saxeldebis gonebis (νοῦς) agreTve ldquofsiqeSirdquo CarTva

(WeliZe 2012 153-154)

bevr qristian mweralTan maT Soris ioane sinelTanac ldquogonebardquo

da ldquogulirdquo gansazRvrebuli ki ar aris aramed isini SeiZleba aRiweros

mxolod maTi moqmedebebis Sesabamisad amdenad ioane sineli ldquogulsrdquo da

ldquosulsrdquo an kidev ldquogonebasrdquo da ldquosulsrdquo (psixes) xSirad sinonimebad iyenebs

(kordoCkini 2003 31-34) ase magaliTad ioane sineli ldquogonebaSirdquo rom

ldquosulsrdquo gulisxmobs amas kidev erTxel adasturebs saTnoebaTa kibis

SiSisadmi miZRvnili safexuri avtori semantikurad imave azrs

aviTarebs rac zemoT moviyvaneT oRond am SemTxvevaSi ldquogonebasrdquo cvlis

44

ldquosuliTrdquo bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da odesme pirvelad xorcni

da meore igi ziar-yvis vnebisa mis romelmac pirvelad miiRis igildquo

(sineli 1965 299) aqve oriode sityviT SevexebiT ras gulisxmobs avtori

SiSSi da moviSveliebT ioane damaskelis gardamocemis samocdameSvide

Tavs sadac avtori ganmartavs bdquoSiSisldquo saxels ormagi gaazreba aqvs

radgan arsebobs bunebiTi SiSi rodesac ar nebavs suls sxeulisgan

ganyofa arsebobs kidev SiSi rac warmoiqmneba azrTa Ralatis

urwmunoebisa da sikvdilis Jamis arcodnis Sedegad rogorc magaliTad

gvaSinebs RamiT momxdari ram xmauri es SiSi bunebis garegania da

ganvsazRvravT ra mas vambobT bdquobunebis garegani SiSi aris gauazrebeli

ganridebaldquo (ioan damask gard 2000 416-417) rogorc vxedavT saTnoebaTa

kibis warmodgenil konteqstSi igulisxmeba swored arabunebiTi SiSi

amgvarad ioane sineli saubrobs vnebaze codvaze romelic

SeiZleba warmoiSvas xorcSi da Semdgom ukve gadaeces da daazianos

suli an kidev piriqiT am fonze sainteresod gveCveneba sulisa da

sxeulis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis avtoriseuli xedva ra tendenciebi

ikveTeba saTnoebaTa kibis teqstSi am mimarTulebiT

saTnoebaTa kibeSi aisaxa yvela ZiriTadi idea iseTi mistikur-

asketikuri filosofiuri mimdinareobisa rogoricaa isixazmi igi

metafizikur-anTropologiuri azriT monisturia adamiani sxeulebrivi

da sulieri saxiT erTi mTlianobaa _ ontologiuri monada misi suli

iseve Zlier aris daSorebuli RvTisgan rogorc sxeuli Sesabamisad

ganwmendis (wmindanobis) fenomeni erTnairad miRwevadia aramarto

sulisTvis aramed sxeulisTvisac (popova 2011 22) aqedan gamomdinare

codva (miuxedavad misi sxeulebrivi Tu sulismieri warmomavlobisa)

azianebs adamianis orive nawils sulsac da sxeulsac rogorc erT

mTlianobas saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso epizodSi xazgasmaa

imaze rom codva nebismier SemTxvevaSi moicavs adamians mTlianobaSi

ubralod daculia rigiToba codvis warmomSobi moqmedi SeiZleba

iyos xan suli xan kidev sxeuli (bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da

odesme pirvelad xorcni da meore igi ziarndashyvis vnebisa mis romelmac

pirvelad miiRis igildquo (sineli 1965 299) amgvar pozicias ioane sineli

aviTarebs moulodnelad logikuri msjelobis gareSe radgan cota

45

ufro zemoT avtori sakmaod ldquodabneulirdquo Cans ldquoromelnime ityAcircan

viTarmed gulis-sityuaTagan gulisaTa movlen Atildeorcni vnebad da

aRZvrad da kualad sxuani ityAcircan viTarmed sacnobelTagan AtildeorcTaAacutesa

iSvebian borotni gulis-sityuani dapirvelni igi ityAcircan viTarmed

ukueTumca gonebaAacute ara winamZRuar qmnul iyo vnebisa Atildeorcnimca ara

miyolil iyvnes xolo meoreni igi AtildeorcTa vnebisa siborotesa Semwed

TAcircsisa sityAcircsa sityuasa moiReben da ityAcircan viTarmed _ mravalgzis

xilviTa pirisaAacuteTa anu SexebiTa AtildeelisaAacuteTa anu ynosiTa sulnelebisaAacuteTa

anu smeniTa Atildemisa hamoAacutesaAacuteTa movlen gulis-sityuani gulad amaT saqmeTa

WeSmaritebaAacute romelsa Zal-edvas uflisa mier gamoacxaden da guaswavenrdquo

(sineli 1965 267) avtoris ldquodabneulobardquo savaraudod mianiSnebs im

epoqiseul dilemaze romlis winaSec aRmoCnda ioane sineli roca jer

kidev mimdinareobs diskusiebi da msjelobebi sxvadasxva qristianuli

dogmatikisTvis arsebiT sakiTxze es bunebrivic Cans qristianuli

religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapze konteqsti gvaCvenebs rom ioane

sinelma icis Tavis Tanamedrove moazrovneebs Soris arsebuli

sxvadasxva poziciis Tu diskusiis Sesaxeb miuxedavad erTgvari

meryeobisa ioane sineli mainc eTanxmeba Sua saukuneebis qristianul

tradiciaSi arsebul Teorias sulismieri da xorcismieri codvebis

diferenciaciis Sesaxebs romelic cotaTi adre ufro mkafiod aqvs

warmodgenili IV_V saukuneebis mijnaze moRvawe ber ioane kasianes Tavis

traqtatSi ndash Svid momakvdinebel codvaze rogorc zemoT vnaxeT ioane

sineli sargeblobs da miuTiTebs kidec ioane kasianeze rogorc teqstis

erTerT wyaroze ioane kasianes azriT vnebebi iyofa xorciel da

mSvinvier saxeobad xorcieli vneba sxeulSi iSveba da mas atkbobs

xolo mSvinvieri samSvinvelis midrekilebidan momdinareobs da

samSvinvels kvebavs da xandaxan xorcsac azianebs ioane kasiane ufro

metadac akonkretebs sakiTxs da CamoTvlis Tu romeli codvebi

warmoiSoba xorcSisxeulSi da romeli sulSi (cassian 4344) amgvarad

codvis dayofa sulismierad da sxeulismierad Sua saukuneebis

qristianuli azrovnebisTvis nacnobi da aqtualuri Temaa magram

gansxvavebiT ioane kasianesgan ioane sineli amgvari dayofis ZiriTad

mamoZravebel mizezad garemos miiCnevs ndash rogorc saTnoebaTa kibis

46

teqstidan gamoCnda vneba moicavs jer sxeuls Tuki saero adamianTan

gvaqvs saqme da suls Tuki monazonze vsaubrobT radganac saero piri

met cdunebas xvdeba garemomcveli pirobebis gamo vefxistyaosnis

striqoni bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo rogorc

viciT ekuTvnis avTandils saero pirs rostevan mefis spaspets

amgvarad saTnoebaTa kibis ganxiluli pasaJidan gamomdinare

mosalodnelia rom codva vneba Tavdapirvelad moicavs avTandilis

rogorc saero piris sxeuls radganac igi saTanadod ar aris daculi

mravalferovani sacdurisgan romelic saero pirs garemomcveli

pirobebis gamo ufro metad ebrZvis imis sailustraciod rom

vefxistyaosniseuli rdquoavnebsrdquo ar unda gavigoT rogorc ziani am

SemTxvevaSi xorcis ziani Tavisi viwro SinaarsiT _ sxeulis

dasneuleba SeiZleba davimowmoT erTi epizodi ioanes saxarebidan am

epizodis mixedviT macxovris mier gankurnebuli kacis avadmyofobis

mizezi warsulSi Cadenili codva Cans romelmac Tavi iCina fizikuri

sneulebis saxiT rdquoamisa Semdgomad pova igi iesu taZarsa mas da hrqua mas

aha egera gankurnebul xar nuRara scodav raAacuteTa ara uZAcircresi geyosldquo (in

5 5-14) amgvarad esmiT moyvanili saxarebiseuli epizodi bibliis teqstis

cnobil egzegetikosebsac (Teofilaqte bulgareli Toma aqvineli)

magram codva vneba romelsac adamiani sCadis TviT saxarebis

mixedviTac ki yovelTvis ar iCens Tavs sneulebis saxiT rogorc e

xinTibiZe aRniSnavs vefxistyaosanSi gadaWriT da kategoriulad aris

naTqvami rom codva am SemTxvevaSi sicrue da orpiroba yovelTvis

gamonaklisis gareSe avnebs xorcs da mere suls (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

amitom frazis avnebs xorcsa gageba viwro mniSnelobiT rogorc

sxeulis dasneuleba _ arasworia radgan vefxistyaosnis kategoriuli

toni ndash mankierebiT Tanmimdevrulad xorcsa da sulze miyenebuli zianis

Sesaxeb arc saxarebaSi Cans piriqiT saxarebaSi xazgasmulia rom vneba

yovelTvis ar gamovlindeba fizikuri sneulebis saxiT aqedan

gamomdinare gamarTlebulad mimaCnia cnebis avnebs ioane damaskeliseuli

interpretacia definicia bdquovnebaAacute erTsaxel ars da orpir rameTu vneba

ewodebis Atildeorcielsaca viTar-igi arian senni da wuTxni da kualad

sulierTaca vnebad saxel-edebis viTar igi arian gulisTqumaAacute da

47

guliswyromaAacuteldquo cota qvemoT vnebulebas ioane damaskeli ganmartavs

rogorc bunebis sawinaaRmdego moZraobas bdquoaw ukue moqmedeba ars

bunebiTi aRZrvaAacute xolo vnebaAacute gareSe ars bunebisaAacute vinaAacuteca amaTve

mizezTagan moqmedebaAacuteca igi vnebad iTqumis raJams ara bunebiTi iyos

aRZvraAacute igi gina Tu TaviT TacircsiT anu Tu sxAcircsa mier SemTxueulildquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 126) vnebuleba aris yvela moZraoba romelic aris

mZafri da romelic grZnobaSi Semodis sicrue da orpiroba bunebis

sawinaaRmdego moZraobaa igi avnebs anu am sawinaaRmdego moZraobisken

ubiZgebs jer xorcs rogorc am vnebis warmoSobis pirvelad mizezs da

Semdeg ukve suls rasac sabolood mivyavarT sulieri samaradiso

cxovrebis zianamde meore mxriv codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva sxva

ra SeiZleba iyos Tu ara ziani bdquoavnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo SeiZleba

gavigoT rogorc codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva rac TavisTavad

vnebaa ziania da am vnebis Tavdapirveli matarebeli vefxistyaosnis

mixedviT swored sxeulia rogorc ukve aRvniSneT avTandili rogorc

saero piri ufro naklebad aris daculi xorcieli sacdurisgan da

Sesabamisad codvac romelic SeiZleba Caidinos man pirvel rigSi

sxeulebrivia sxeulSi aRmocendeba da Semdeg moicavs sulsac bdquovgmob

kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansaldquo (799) ndash es ukve aris adamiani

romlisTvisac sicrue da orpiroba erjeradi qmedeba ki aRar aris

aramed cxovrebis wesi misi bunebis nawilia amgvari kaci saiqiosac ver

gamarTldeba da RvTis winaSe Sercxvenili da codvili warsdgeba

Cemi azriT mocemuli striqonis amgvari ganmarteba da mis wyarod

swored saTnoebaTa kibis miCneva ufro myardeba teqstis erT-erTi

safexuriT misive Tqmuli tyuvilisaTAcircs dasaxelebuli safexuri

miZRvnilia sicruisadmi rogorc sulier kibeze aRmavali

qristianisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze xelisSemSlel vnebaze teqstSi

vkiTxulobT _ bdquotyuvili ars ganmryuneli siyuarulisaAacute da mSobeli cru-

ficobisaAacute romel ars RmrTisa uaris-yofaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 216)

sicrue ioane sinelis Txzulebis mixedviT RmerTis uaryofaa

RmerTis uaryofa ki udavod yovelgvari ubedurebis sawyisia bdquoradgan

Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubadobisa me rad gavwiro moyvare Zma umtkicesi

Zmobisaldquo (st 792) _ ambobs avTandili anderZSi sxva magaliTic vnaxoT

48

bdquoorgulebaAacute dedaAacute ars tyuvilisaAacute da saqme misi rameTu orgulebaAacute sxuaAacute

araraAacute ars garna wrTuaAacute tyuilisaAacute da mopovnebaAacute ficTa cudTaAacuteldquo

(sineli 1965 217) vefxistyaosanSic Ralati ficis gatexa da sicrue

erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli da erTnairad Seuwynarebeli

danaSaulia

bdquoSen gastexe fici Cemi simtkice da igi mcneba

RmerTman qmna da dagirCina cudad Seni xelovnebaldquo (528)

an kidev

bdquokvlaca vhkadre bdquome Tu mzeo TqvenTvis fici gametexos

RmerTman awve risxva misi zeciT CemTvis gaamexosldquo (535)

bdquoSen ar-gatexa kargi gWirs zenaarisa ficisaldquo (708)

vefxistyaosanSi fici dakavSirebulia RmerTTan nawarmoebis

personaJebs swamT rom ficis gatexa da sicrue RvTis risxvis

gamomwvevia

bdquovgmob kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansa

ver vecruvebi ver vuzam saqmesa saZabunosa

piris-pir marcxvens ornive mivalT mas saukunosaldquo (799)

_ wers avTandili anderZSi romelSic agrZelebs sicruis da orpirobis

Temas da gansazRvravs mosalodnel Sedegs rom saukuno cxovrebaSi

RmerTis pirispir am vnebis gamo Sercxvenili iqneba analogiuri azria

gatarebuli saTnoebaTa kibeSic sicruesTan da cru ficTan mimarTebiT

vinc daZlevs am safexurs igi WeSmaritebas moipovebs ldquoese meTormete

kibe ars romeli mZle eqmnas amas guelsa mas Ziri keTilTaAacute mougies

romel ars WeSmaritebaAacuteldquo (sineli 1965 219)

avTandilma icis rom sicrue da megobris Ralati dausjeli ar

darCeba misi es codna ki moiTxovs praqtikul ganxorcielebas

bdquoara viqm codna ras margebs filasofosTa brZnobisa

miT viswavlebiT mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa ldquo (792)

qmedebaSi moyvanili sibrZne erTi pirobaa RmerTTan misasvlelad

da WeSmaritebis mosapoveblad tyuili ki erT-erTi mTavarTagania im

mankierebaTa Soris rac uSlis adamians xels saTnoebaTa kibeze

amaRlebaSi RmerTTan ziarebasa da amgvarad WeSmaritebis mopovebaSi

bdquorameTu sulman wmidaman saSinelad Tqua misTAcircs daviT

49

winaswarmetyuelisaAacuteTa viTarmed romeli ityodis sicruesa mas ara

waremarTos winaSe TualTa CemTaldquo (sineli 1965 216) amgvarad

vefxistyaosanSic da saTnoebaTa kibeSic erTnairad Seuwynarebel

codvad iTvleba sicrue igi yovelgvari ubedurebis mizezia da am mankis

dauZlevelad SeuZlebelia morig sulier safexurze amaRleba

saTnoebaTa kibis erT-erTi pirveli Targmani eqvTime aTonels

ekuTvnis aRsaniSnavia rom vefxistyaosanSi gamoyenebuli qarTulenovani

wyaroebi ZiriTadad eqvTime aTonelis Targmanebidan momdinareobs

razec prof elguja xinTibiZe miuTiTebs kidec rdquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

frazis wyaros Ziebisas

amgvari msjelobis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom

rusTaveli savaraudod icnobda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts misi romelime

Targmanidan am varauds mxars uWers e xinTibiZis mosazreba bdquorusTaveli

aSkarad emyareba ara mxolod biblias aramed mTel qarTulenovan

sasuliero mwerlobasldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 356-357) sakiTxi romlis Sesaxebac

iwereboda uzarmazari filosofiuri Tu Teologiuri traqtatebi

mxolod erTi striqoniT gadmoica rusTavelTan romelsac amave

striqonSi win uZRvis miTiTeba gamoTqmuli azris avtorze _ bdquome sityvasa

erTsa gkadreb platonisgan swavla Tqmulsa sicrue da orpiroba avnebs

xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) avtoris amgvari dakonkreteba gaxda

safuZveli imisa rom platonis filosofiaSi eZiaT am frazis wyaro

Tumca amgvari azris pirdapiri formulireba platonis dialogebSi ar

Cans8

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis mniSvneloba Sua saukuneebis

kulturisTvis ganapirobebs teqstis farTo gamoyenebas epoqis gamorCeul

moRvaweTagan ucxoenovan samecniero literaturaSi ioane sinelis

teqstis gavlenas xedaven ara marto Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturaze aramed XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis SemoqmedebaSic

saTnoebaTa kibis gavlenis Semdgomi kvleva Sua saukuneebis da gviani

periodis qarTul literaturaze vfiqrobT saintereso suraTs

8 sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria ix e xinTibiZe bdquoplatonisgan swavla Tqmuli da

misi msoflmxedvelobiTi datvirTvaldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

50

warmogviCens rasac samomavlo perspeqtivad vsaxavT amjerad ki Cveni

kvleva Semoifargla mxolod rusTavelis vefxistyaosniT

51

Tavi II

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturuli da stiluri Taviseburebani

naSromis SesavalSi ukve aRvniSneT rom qarTulad SemorCenilia

saTnoebaTa kibis ori sruli Targmani (eqvTime aToneliseuli da petre

gelaTeliseuli) prozaul teqstze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili ori sruli

poeturi versia (ioane sineliseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli) da aseve

qeTevan bezaraSvilis mier bolo wlebSi aRmoCenili saTnoebaTa kibis

poeturi teqstis fragmentebi romelic CarTuli aRmoCnda grigol

nazianzelis TxzulebebSi naSromis winamdebare TavSi warmodgenili

kvleva moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturasa da stils aseve poeturi teqstebis versifikacias

52

amp 1 saTnoebaTa kibis struqturuli Tavisebureba

berZnuli teqstis struqturuli da kompoziciuri Taviseburebis

sakiTxi metad aqtualuria specialur (ZiriTadad inglisur da

rusulenovan) samecniero literaturaSi amitom sanam SemogTavazebdeT

uSualod sakuTar dakvirvebas qarTuli Targmanebis struqturaze

mokled mimovixilav sakiTxis Seswavlis istorias da ZiriTad

mosazrebebs

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema rogorc ukve aRiniSna dRemde ar arsebobs

aRvniSneT aseve rom met-naklebad ukeTes gamocemad miiCneva meTiu

raderis (Matthew Rader) mier momzadebuli teqsti (PG vol 88 596-1209)

teqsts winasityvaobis saxiT darTuli aqvs kardinal robert

belarminos Sromis - eklesiis mweralTa Sesaxeb ndash is nawili romelic

eZRvneba ioane sinels aseve meTiu raderis Sesavali werili teqstisa da

avtoris Sesaxeb Sesavals mosdevs raiTis monastris beris danielis

mier aRwerili ioane sinelis cxovreba raiTis monastris iRumenis

ioanes epistole ioane sinelisadmi ioane sinelis sapasuxo epistole

ioane raiTelisadmi Sesavali (ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ) pinaqsi sakuTriv teqsti da

traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) aseve Targmanebebi

romelic erTvis teqstis yvela safexurs aRsaniSnavia rom berZnul

teqstSi Tavebs ewodeba sityva (λογος) xolo laTinur TargmanSi xarisxi

(Gradus) (PG vol 88 596-1209) aRiniSna aseve rom meTiu raderiseuli

teqstisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels konstantinepolSi aTonis

mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT gamosca berma sofroniusma

sofroniusis da meTiu raderis teqstebSi garda uSualod teqstualuri

gansxvavebebisa sxvadasxvaa TavTa Tanmimdevrobac (kordoCkini 200314)

rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime

aToneliseuli Targmanis struqtura Semdegnairia nawarmoebs SesavalSi

darTuli aqvs mTargmnelis eqvTime aTonelis anderZi romelic moicavs

mokle instruqciაsa da informacias teqstis Sesaxeb anderZs mosdevs

kibAgrave saTnoebaTaAacute cad aRmyvanebeli Tqmuli daniil monazonisa

raiTelisa wignisa amisTAcircs sulTa ganmanaTleblisaAacute romelsa ewodebis

53

klemaqsi romel ars kibAgrave cxorebaAacute wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa

ioane sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute moZRurebiTa ganTqumulisa sulTa

ganmanaTlebelisa da WeSmaritad sanatrelisaAacute romeli ese aRwera

daniil monazonman raiTelman ebistole wmidisa mamisa iovane raiTel

mamasaxlisisaAacute sanatrelisa iovanes mimarT sinel mamasaxlisisa

ebistolAgrave wmidisa da netarisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisa iovanes mimarT

raiTel mamasaxlisisa romelsa zeda-werili ese ars ficarni sulieri

iovane iovanes axarebs amas mohyveba sakuTriv teqsti Semdegi zogadi

saTauriT swavlani wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisani

romelni miuZRuanna mamasa iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa rameTu eTxoa

mas misgan raAacuteTa aRwernes swavlani monazonTa mimarT saRmToAacute kibe

saTnoebaTaAacute teqstis bolo nawilia misive wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane

sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute mwyemsisa da winamZRurisa mimarT romeli-ese misca

sxuaTa amaT pirvel-TqumulTa TavTa Tana iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa

romelsa eTxova misgan raAacuteTa dauwernes swavlani monagonebisani

nawarmoebs boloSi darTuli aqvs Targmanebebi (sineli 1965) aRniSnuli

Targmanebebi berZnul teqstSi erTvis TiToeul Tavs xolo eqvTime

aTonels isini erTad mouTavsebia teqstis boloSi (cincaZe 1965 53)

prof meri cincaZe eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis Sesaval nawilze

dakvirvebis Sedegad askvnis rom qarTul redaqciaSi berZnuli (meTiu

raderis) redaqciisgan gansxvavebuli rigia daculi (cincaZe 1965 43)

eqvTime aTonelis teqstis rigia daculi (anderZis gamoklebiT) petre

gelaTelis TargmanSic (prologi) aha pinaqsi saRmrToAacutesa klimaqsisaAacute

daniil minazonisa raiTelisaAacute cxovrebisami uflisa ioannis

sxolastikosisa cxorebaAacute SemkuAgraveTebiTi amba ioanni winamZRurisa wmidisa

mTisa sinaAacutesaAacute zedwodebiT sxolastikosisa wmidaTa SorisosaAacute

WeSmaritad epistole amba ioanni winamZRurisa raiTisaAacute ioannis mimarT

RirssakAcircrvelisa sinisa mTisa winamZRurisa ioannis ioanni gixaroden (A-

39)

rac Seexeba poetur teqstebs ioane petriwiseuli varianti

moicavs saTnoebaTa kibis mxolod ZiriTad teqsts zogierT xelnawerSi

teqsts Tan erTvis TxuTmeti iambikuri strofi romelTagan pirveli

strofi akrostiqulia da ikiTxeba Semdegi saTauri SAcircdTaTAcircs vnebaTa

54

ars teqsti moicavs opoziciur wyvilebs ndash Svidi momakvdinebeli codva

da maTi sapirispiro saTnoebebi iv lolaSvilis varaudiT am teqstis

avtoric SesaZloa ioane petriwi iyos (petriwi 1968 255) SeniSnulia rom

saTnoebaTa kibisadmi SvidTaTvis vnebaTas darTva berZnul xelnawerTa

tradiciiT aris ganpirobebuli qarTul mwerlobaSi ki arsebobs

klemaqsisa da SvidTaTvis vnebaTas erTi da imave piris mier galeqsvis

tradicia (ioane petriwi anton kaTalikosi) (bezaraSvili 1987 133-134)

Svidi vnebis sakiTxs XVIII saukuneSi calke Txzulebebs uZRvnian

nikoloz Tbileli da kvipriane samTavneli (kekeliZe 1980 348-349 339)

yvela es teqsti SedgenilobiTa da TanmimdevrobiT sxvadasxvaa da erTi

wyarodan ar momdinareobs (bezaraSvili 1987 134)

anton kaTalikosis saTnoebaTa kibe moicavs ZiriTad teqsts

romelsac mosdevs oTxi akrostiquli iambikuri strofi bolo maTganis

kidurwerilobaSi ikiTxeba mwyemsisa mimarTca traqtati mwyemsisa

mimarTca moicavs aT strofs xolo mas mosdevs kvlav ori akrostiquli

iamburi strofi kidurwerilobiT ndash SvidTaTAcircs vnebaTa es da aqac

rogorc ioane petriwiseul variantSi saubaria Svid vnebaze da maT

sapirispiro saTnoebebze rogorc samecniero literaturaSia SeniSnuli

igi anton kaTalikosis originaluri Sromaa (bezaraSvili 1987 134 kukava

1978 30-34)

anton kaTalikosiseul da ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

yoveli Tavi iwyebა originaluri strofebiT maTi Sinaarsi ZiriTadad

zogadia da gvacnobs im Temas razedac iqneba saubari ama Tu im TavSi

xolo safexurebis dasaTaurebas vkiTxulobT am strofebis

kidurwerilobaSi radganac magaliTad anton kaTalikosiseul

redaqciaSi Tavebs ar aqvT calke gamoyofili saTaurebi (mxolod

numeracia)

vardi ar mWnari ჶiali keTil sulnel

limena SuAgravebis oqroT arxrwnadTsakrebi

or-gzis Sedgoma satrfos namdAcirclsawyuris

tkbiluRlis tAcircrTAcircT sofliT gamoslvasagan g

55

ltolva aqaT RmrTiv iqa zenadmi mimyegravean9

anonimuri versiis TavTa raodenoba arasrulyofilia aq

warmodgenilia 30 Tavidan mxolod 12 (7 11 12 15 22 23 24 25 26 29 30)

da msgavsad antonis leqsiTi redaqciisa da sxva prozauli versiebisa

erTvis mokle Txzuleba mwyemsisa mimarT gansxvavebiT ioane petriwisa

da antonis leqsiTi redaqciebis Sedgenilobisa sadac TiToeul TavSi

10-11 iamburi (5-taepiani) strofia anonimur versiaSi nebismieria rogorc

iambur strofTa raodenoba ise strofSi taepTa raodenobac arc

gasaleqsad SerCeuli masala emTxveva sxva leqsiT redaqciebs

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-133)

ioane sinelis teqstis saTauridanve (klemaqsi-kibe) Cans saTnoebaTa

kibis struqturis specifika avtori iyenebs safexureobriv struqturas

raTa aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi Tumca am mxriv igi novatori

ar aris ioane sinelamde origenem Tavis ocdameSvide homiliaSi

ricxvebis Sesaxeb Seadgina 42 safexuri romelze aRmasvla

aTavisuflebda adamians xorcieli survilebisagan naSromis struqturis

konstruirebisTvis kibis simbolos aqtiurad iyeneben sxva avtorebic

filon aleqsandrieli sirieli mamebi grigol noseli Tumca ioane

sinelis Sromis unikaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs rom masSi daxatulia

sulieri aRmasvlis uprecedentod masStaburi da srulyofili suraTi

(kordoCkini 2003 22-23)

mkvlevari jon dafi romelic ganixilavs saTnoebaTa kibis stilsa

da kompozicias yuradRebas amaxvilebs oTx ZiriTad dokumentze

romelsac nawarmoebis kompoziciis konstruirebisaTvis misi azriT

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs esenia werili raiTis monastris

abatisgan ioane sinelisadmi miwerili ioane sinelis sapasuxo werili

sakuTriv teqsti da naSromis bolos darTuli mokle traqtati

mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) mkvlevris azriT abati raiTelis

werili ara marto pirveli stimulia nawarmoebis kompoziciisTvis

aramed mas Semoaqvs nawarmoebis wardgenis TvalsazrisiT mniSnelovani

ori ZiriTadi idea kerZod a) mose rogorc mediumi RmerTsa da

9 teqstebs anton kaTalikosis redaqciidan safexurisa da muxlis miTiTebiT am da sxva SemTxvevaSic vimowmebT A-711 xelnaweridan

56

adamianebs Soris romelmac miiRo RvTis kanonebi b) bibliuri iakobis

cnobili sizmari ndash miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibe

nawarmoebs asrulebs mokle traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT romelSic

ixateba idealuri ldquomwyemsisrdquo saxe es idealuri mwyemsi ki ndash abati

raiTelia aSkaraa rom nawarmoebis kompoziciur gamTlianebaSi

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnis iniciatori ndash

abati raiTeli nawarmoebi iwyeba misi weriliT da sruldeba traqtatiT

romelSi gansaxierebuli idealuri winamZRvari kvlav is aris ndash askvnis

mkvlevari (dafi 1999 3)

saTnoebaTa kibis struqturisa da semantikis urTierTmimarTebis

Sesaxeb arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi kerZod k krumbaxeri teqsts

hyofs or nawilad I-XXIII safexurebi ndash mankierebebis daZleva da XXIV-

XXXL safexurebi - moraluri da Teologiuri saTnoebebis mopoveba

(krumbaxeri 1897 143ndash144) sxva azriT teqsti Sedgeba sami nawilisgan

soflidan gasvla (I-VII Tavebi) mankierebebTan brZola (VIII-XXIII Tavebi)

da qristianuli srulyofa (XXIV-XXX Tavebi) (desili 2002 103-104)

kalistos ueari teqsts yofs Semdegnairad soflidan gasvla (1-3 Tavebi)

saTnoebebis mopoveba (4-7 Tavebi) vnebebTan brZola romelic Tavis mxriv

iyofa a) vnebebi romlebic upiratesad arafizikuria (8-13 Tavebi)

fizikuri da materialuri vnebebi (14-17 Tavebi) arafizikuri vnebebi (18-23

Tavebi) umaRlesi saTnoebebi (24-26 Tavebi) dabolos RmerTTan SeerTeba

(27-30 Tavebi) (ueari 1982 13)

sakiTxis am mimarTulebiT warmarTvis kuTxiT sagulisxmoa kidev

erTi mosazreba romelsac yvelaze sarwmunod miiCnevs saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstis slavuri Targmanebis mkvlevari ara erTi statiisa da

monografiis avtori ndash tatiana popova mosamzadebel safexurebad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos pirveli Svidi Tavi Semdeg modis ndash codvili

cxovrebis uwmindurobisgan TviTganwmendisTvis moRvaweobaRwva a)

gulismier mankierebebTan brZola (VIII IX safexurebi) b) metyvelebasTan

dakavSirebul codvebTan brZola (X XI XII safexurebi) g)

xorcismiersxeulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVI XVII safexurebi) d)

sulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVIII-XXIII safexurebi) dabolos

moRvaweoba sulieri ganaxlebisTvis a) gulis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIV XXV

57

safexurebi) b) gonebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXVI XXVII XXVIII safexurebi) g)

nebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIX XXX safexurebi) (germani 1854 42-43)

mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini Tavis sadoqtoro naSromSi sagangebo

Tavs uZRvnis saTnoebaTa kibis struqturas da Semdeg kanonzomierebas

xedavs I-III Tavebi ndash Sesavali samonastro cxovrebisaTvis IV Tavidan

teqstis ZiriTadi nawili miZRvnilia morCilebisadmi rac samonastro

cxovrebis qvakuTxedia da es nawili mTavrdeba XXVI TaviT ndash gansjisa da

gulisxmierebisaTvis bolo oTxi Tavi eZRvneba qristianul srulyofas

mkvlevaris azriT teqstis pirveli Tavebi xasiaTdeba intensiuri

asketuri brZoliT da sabaziso saTnoebebis mopovebiT maSin roca meore

etapisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mWvretelobiTi urTierToba RmerTTan rac

miRwevadia mxolod imaTTvis vinc gadalaxa vnebebi maSasadame praqsisi

da Teoria romelsac iyenebs kidec teqstSi ioane sineli aris

morwmunis sulier cxovrebaSi ori Tanmimdevruli etapi (kordoCkini 2003

22-24) bdquoaRmca-vfrindi saqmisa mier (πρᾶξις) da ganvisuene xedvisa mier

(θεωρία) da simdablisardquo (sineli 1965 56)

andrei kordoCkinis azriT kibis struqtura gvTavazobs sulieri

cxovrebis etapobriv Tanmimdevrul progress magram misi safexurebi

ar unda gavigoT rogorc mkacrad gansazRvrul-dadgenili

Tanmimdevroba miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli axasiaTebs calkeul

safexurebs gvaCvenebs mis mimarTebas winamaval an momdevno safexurTan

es ar gamoricxavs am vnebebis da saTnoebebis erTmaneTis paralelurad

daZlevisa an mopovebis perspeqtivas ubralod amgvari struqtura

miuTiTebs rom sulier cxovrebaSi progresi etapobrivi procesia da

SeuZlebelia mTliani kibis erTbaSad avla magaliTad safexuri locvis

Sesaxeb romelic moTavsebuliა teqstis dasasrulisken ar gulisxmobs

imas rom morwmunem ar unda ilocos ufro adreul safexurebzec

zogierT vnebasTan (magaliTad rogoricaa nayrovaneba) brZola ki

saWiroa yvela safexurze (kordoCkini 2003 27-28)

amrigad rogorc vxedavT saTnoebiTa kibis kompoziciur wyobasa

da struqturas specialur literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba

gamouwvevia sxvaze metad sarwmunoa andrei kordoCkinis mosazreba rom

Txzulebis kompoziciis safexureobrivi sistema pirobiTia da is

58

gamoyenebulia sulieri aRmasvlis rogorc etapobrivi procesis Cvenebis

mizniT vfiqrob nawarmoebis pirvel da bolo TavebSi marTlac ikveTeba

garkveuli kanonzomiereba (vgulisxmob Sesaval Tavebs sadac saubaria

samonastro cxovrebisTvis aucilebel sabaziso saTnoebebze ndash soflidan

gasvlasa da misdami gulgrilobaze da bolo Tavebs sulieri

srulyofisa da RmerTTan SeerTebis mdgomareobaze) rac Seexeba

danarCen safexurebs maTi dayofa erTmniSvnelovnad saTnoebebis

mopovebis an mankierebebis daZlevis mixedviT marTebulad ar meCveneba

saqme isaa rom konkretuli vnebis daZleva TavisTavSi gulisxmobs

Sesabamisi am vnebis sapirispiro saTnoebis mopovebasac rasac mxars

uWers saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti nawarmoebis amgvari gaazreba erTi

safexuris sazRvrebSi moaqcevs aramarto konkretul mankierebasTan

brZolas aramed am mankierebis daZlevis gziT misi opoziciuri

saTnoebis mopovebasac ase magaliTad safexuri romelic miZRvnilia

ulmobelobisTvis aseve gulisxmobs lmobierebis mopovebasac romelic

miiRweva ulmobelobis vnebis daZleviT igive suraTia saTnoebaTaTvis

miZRvnil safexurebSic avtori erTsa da imave safexurSi gvaZlevs ormag

instruqcias ndash konkretuli saTnoebis mopovebisa da am saTnoebis

sapirispiro vnebasTan brZolis saSualebebze sainteresoa rom rig

SemTxvevebSi dasaTaurebaSic Cans es niuansi kalistos ueari mosazrebas

imis Taobaze rom saTnoebaTa kibeSi vnebebisadmi miZRvnil safexurTa

raodenoba Warbobs safexurebs saTnoebebze pasuxobs im Tavebze

miTiTebiT romelTa saTaurSive asaxula opoziciuri ndash vneba-saTnoeba ndash

wyvili kerZod merve safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀοργησίας καὶ πραότητος (misive

urisxvelobisaTAcircs da simSvidisa) meTerTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ πολυλογίας καὶ

σιωπῆς (Tqmuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi dumilisaTAcircs da mraval-

metyuelebisa) meTxuTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀφθάρτου ἐν φθαρτοῖς ἐκ καμάτων καὶ

ἱδρώτων ἁγνείας καὶ σοφροςύνης (misive uxrwnelisaTAcircs gaxrwnadTa Soris

SromaTagan da oflTa siwmidisaTAcircs da mrTelcnobobisa) (ueari 1982 14)

da sxva

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri beri sofroniusisa da arqimandrit

egnates mier gamocemul teqstebsa da meTiu raderis teqstSi

59

gansxvavebulia meTiu raderis teqstSi es safexuri miZRvnilia

vercxlismoyvareobisadmi (Περὶ φιλαργυρίας) xolo sofroniosisa da

arqimandrit egnates gamocemebis XVI TavSi gaerTianebulia meTiu

raderis teqstis momdevno XVII safexuric (Περὶ ἀκτημοςύνης)

(upovarebisaTvis) rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs eqvTime aTonelis

petre gelaTelis da ioane petriwis Targmanebi TavTa TanmimdevrobiT

mihyvebian meTiu raderis teqsts anu calk-calkea gamoyofili

vercxlismoyvareobisa da upovarebisadmi miZRvnili safexurebi am mxriv

sainteresoa anton kaTalikosis teqsti romelic XVI TavSi

gaerTianebulia aRniSnuli safexurebi (angarebisaTAcircs ese

upovarebisaTAcircs) rTuli saTqmelia ra motiviT cvlis anton kaTalikosi

TavTa Tanmimdevrobas (am msjelobas kidev ufro arTulebs is faqti rom

Cven xelT ar gvaqvs kritikulad dadgenili berZnuli teqsti romelSic

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneboda xelnawerTa sakmarisi raodenoba)

SesaZlebelia igi Tematurad awyvilebs am or Tavs Cem mier zemoT

Camoyalibebuli principis Tanaxmad (TiToeuli safexuri moicavs

rogorc vnebasTan brZolas aseve saTnoebebis mopovebasac da piriqiT)

faqtia rom sofroniosisa da arqimandrit egnates teqstebi antons xelT

ar eqneboda radganac SedarebiT gviandeli gamocemebia magram

dasaSvebia rom xelT hqonoda sxva rame saerTo wyaro

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis safexurebis sistematizacia

rogorc vnebebTan brZola da saTnoebebis mopoveba pirobiTia ZiriTadad

konkretuli safexuris mxolod dasaTaurebas eyrdnoba da ar

iTvaliswinebs Sinaarsobriv mxares Sesabamisad viRebT teqstis

kompoziciis meqanikur (mxolod saTauris doneze) gaazrebas rasac

ewinaaRmdegeba teqstis mTliani semantika

nawarmoebis struqturuli Taviseburebis kidev erTi Cemi azriT

mniSvnelovani sakiTxia saTnoebaTa kibis Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mosazreba zarinis (Зарин СМ) azriT safexuridan

safexurze gadasvlisas xSirad rTulia logikuri Tu fsiqologiuri

Tanmimdevrulobis danaxva da arc safexurebs Soris sazRvaria mkacrad

dadgenili (popova 201133) sxva mosazrebiT ki teqtis agebulebas

safuZvlad udevs mkacri logikuri Tanmimdevrulobis gancda da mis

60

saerTo kompoziciaSi devs sulieri aRmasvlis idea (proxorovi 1985 254)

ioane sineli iesos cxovrebis wlebis analogiiT Seqmnili nawarmoebis

kompoziciaSi mkveTrad mijnavs safexurebs erTmaneTisgan da

amavdroulad kravs maT erT mTlianobad rogorc wesi maRalmxatvruli

saxeebis saSualebiT da nawarmoebis mTavar ideaze (swrafva nebis

srulyofilebisken) daqvemdebarebiT amaSi mdgomareobs avtoris didi

damsaxureba da nawarmoebis kompoziciis originaloba (popova 2011 34-35)

teqsti aCvenebs sulieri cxovrebis gansxvavebul aspeqtebs maT

urTierTkavSirSi ioane sineli erTi mxriv saubrobs calkeul vnebebsa

da saTnoebebze da meore mxriv ganixilavs maT warmoSobas safuZvels

an kidev Sedegs da gvaZlevs erTgvar instruqciebs

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoriisa da saTnoebaTa kibis safexurebis

semantikuri urTierTmimarTebis problemis ganxilvis Semdeg Cven winaSe

aranakleb saintereso sakiTxebi wamoiWreba ra urTierTmimarTebebs

amyareben saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebi rogoria maTi

struqtura amJRavneben Tu ara gansxvavebebs Cven xelT arsebul berZnul

teqstebTan

rogorc aRvniSneT saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime aToneliseuli

Targmanis ena sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs

profesor meri cincaZes (cincaZe 1965) igi sxva problemur sakiTxebTan

erTad exeba qarTuli Targmanis struqturul Taviseburebebsac mokled

Camovayalibeb am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil

arsebiT struqturul gansxvavebebs mines krebulSi dabeWdil berZnul

teqstsa da eqvTime aToneliseul Targmans Soris

berZnul teqstSi calke XXIII Tavad aris gamoyofili Περὶ τῆς

ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας (ampartavanebisaTvis) romelic sinadvileSi unda iyos

XXII Tavis Semadgeneli nawili sadac saubaria cudad-mzuaobrobaze anu

qedmaRlobaze (Περὶ τῆς πολυμόρφου κενοδιξίας) ioane sineli teqstSic

miuTiTebs rom ampartavneba da cudad-mzuaobroba mas erT vnebad miaCnia

amitom mosalodnelia rom avtori mas calke ar gamoyofda XXIII Tavi

sadac Setanilia aRniSnuli nawili dasaTaurebulia Semdegnairad

gamouTqumelTa gulis-sityuaTaTAcircs gmobisaTa mkvlevari fiqrobs rom es

Semdegdroindel gadamwerTa Secdoma unda iyos rasac eqvTime aToneli

61

qarTul TargmanSi asworebs da XXII TavSi aerTianebs orive nawils es

ldquoSecdomardquo petre gelaTelsac aqvs SeniSnuli Tumca mainc misdevs

berZnul teqsts da aRniSnuli Tavi XXIII safexurSi Seaqvs eqvTime

aTonelis anderZSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs ldquoTavni viTarca aqa iyvnen egre

dasxeniT rameTu meca viTarca mipovnian egreT damisxnian yovelni

wiTliTardquo ndash swored am anderZis safuZvelze mkvlevari askvnis rom

romeliRac berZnul xelnawerSi romliTac eqvTime aToneli

sargeblobda Tavebis mimdevroba ar iyo areuli (cincaZe 1965 45-47)

aRniSnuli faqti erTi mxriv uaRresad mniSvnelovania TviT berZnuli

teqstis rekonstuqciisaTvisac radganac eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis

struqtura ar misdevs Cven xelT arsebul aqamde gamocemul arc erT

berZnul teqsts da aSkarad eyrdnoba XI saukuneSi arsebul gansxvavebul

xelnawers (an xelnawerebs) meore mxriv eqvTime aToneli aSkarad

miuTiTebs rom mas xelT aqvs dedani romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba

isevea organizebuli rogorc mis teqstSi amasTanave eqvTimes

SeniSvnidan isic irkveva rom man icis sxva berZnuli teqstis arsebobis

Sesaxeb romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba sxvagvaria rom ara avtoris

remarka SesaZloa eqvTime aToneliseuli saTnoebaTa kibis struqturis

ldquogadaxrardquo Cven xelT arsebuli berZnuli teqstebisgan agvexsna rogorc

eqvTime aTonelis Taviseburi mTargmnelobiTi meTodi bevr SemTxvevaSi

specialur literaturaSi gavrcelebuli mosazreba eqvTime aTonelis

mTargmnelobiT meTodTan dakavSirebiT (kleba-metebis principi) eyrdnoba

misi Targmanebis arakritikul teqstTan Sedarebis safuZvelze miRebul

daskvnebs ukanasknelma kvlevebma kerZod ki profesor elguja

xinTibiZis specialurma gamokvlevam eqvTime aTonelis ori Targmanis

berZnul teqstTan mimarTebis Taobaze gamoavlina is meTodologiuri

Secdoma rac eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis arakritikul berZnul

teqstTan Sedarebisas iCens Tavs (xinTibiZe 1969144-151) am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT aseve sagulisxmoa teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa sakiTxi

eqvTime aTonelis teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa Seswavlis safuZvelze

m cincaZe gamoavlens qarTul teqstSi sqolioebs romelTac berZnulSi

Sesatyvisi ar moepovebaT mkvlevris azriT qarTvel mTargmnels xelT

hqonia sqolioTa sxva variantebi misive SeniSvniT eqvTime aTonelis

62

Targmans berZnuli teqstisgan gansxvavebul zogierT adgilSi gverdSi

udgas petre gelaTelis redaqciac am faqtze dayrdnobiT mkvlevari

askvnis rom am ori Targmanis erTnairi adgilebi romliTac isini

Sordebian berZnuls saeWvoa rom gaCeniliyo orive mTargmnelTan

erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad SesaZloa ori varaudis daSveba a) maTi

wyaroa romeliRac sxva berZnuli xelnaweri gansxvavebuli im

xelnawerebisgan romelic safuZvlad daedo meTiu raderis teqsts b)

SesaZloa petre gelaTeli Targmanis procesSi iSveliebda eqvTime

aTonelis redaqcias g) zogierTi adgilis mixedviT ki romlebiTac

eqvTime aTonelis Targmani Sordeba berZnul versias (Sesabamisad petre

gelaTelis teqstsac) SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom qarTveli mTargmnelebi

sxvadasxva berZnuli xelnawerebidan Targmnidnen teqsts (cincaZe 1965 55)

sadisertacio naSromis sxva Tavebis (struqtura stili terminologia

simbolika) saWiroebidan gamomdinare petre gelaTelis teqstis meTiu

raderis teqstTan mimarTebis kvlevam gamoavlina rom mTargmneli

TiTqmis sityvasityviT mihyveba berZnul dedans amdenad ar arsebobs

safuZveli vifiqroT rom mas xelT hqonda meTiu raderis teqstisgan

gansxvavebuli xelnaweri ufro savaraudoa rom petre gelaTeli

icnobda eqvTime aTonelis teqsts da SigadaSig (mag sqolioebis

SemTxvevaSi) sargeblobda kidec

rac Seexeba poetur Targmanebs isini met struqturul

Taviseburebas iCenen

saTnoebaTa kibis mesame safexurSi Περὶ ξενιτείας (ucxoebisaTvis)

ioane sinels Seutania swavleba sizmarTa Sesaxeb da gamouyvia igi

calke qveTavad (Περὶ ἐνυπνίων ἀκολουθούντων εἰσαιγογικοῖς) numeraciis gareSe

asea qarTul prozaul TargmanebSic eqvTime aToneli ndash ucxoebisaTAcircs

romelsa Sina ityAcircs sizmarTaTAcircsca cudTa petre gelaTeli ndash misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs (sizmarTaTAcircs sizmarTami SedgomilTaTAcircs SeyvanebadTaAacutesa

anton kaTalikosiseul poetur variantSi sizmarTaTvis gamoyofilia

calke damoukidebel Tavad romelsac iseve rogorc sxva Tavebs win

uZRvis anton kaTalikosis Sesavali kidurwerilobiT gaformebuli

originali strofi xolo safexuri moicavs sxva Tavebis msgavsad aT

iambur strofs anu anton kaTalikosi am Tavs qmnis rogorc

63

damoukidebel srulfasovan safexurs da mosalodneli iyo kidec rom

igi gamoeyo Semdeg meoTxe safexurad Tumca avtori aRniSnul Tavs

numeracias ar aniWebs da Semdeg meoTxe safexurad tovebs Tavs

morCilebisaTvis wmidisa iseve rogorc es prozaul TargmanebSi da

berZnul teqstebSia amitom Tavebis mimdevroba SenarCunebulia da

mihyveba berZnul da qarTul prozaul teqstebs anton kaTalikosisgan

gansxvavebiT ioane petriwiseul saTnoebaTa kibeSi sizmarTaTAcircs calke

meoTxe safexurad aris gamoyofili amitomac Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

gansxvavebulia sxva yvela danarCeni teqstisgan es gansxvaveba swordeba

teqstSi mecxre ndash meaTe Tavebis ZAcircris-AtildesenebisaTAcircs da ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs

gaerTianebiT erTi saTauris ndash ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs qveS amgvarad berZnul

da naTargmn teqstebSi calk-calke gamoyofili ori sxvadasxva

safexuris gaerTianebiT avtori asworebs TavTa mimdevrobas (romelic

airia sizmarTa Sesaxeb Tavis calke gamoyofiT) danarCeni teqstebis

mixedviT

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri Περὶ φιλαργυρίας rogorc zemoT ukve

aRiniSna ioane sinels miuZRvnia vercxlismoyvareobisaTvis asea es

Txzulebis qarTul variantebSic anton kaTalikoss ki am TavSi

angarebisaTAcircs ese gauerTianebia Semdegi safexuric ndash upovarebisaTAcircs

msgavsad beri sofroniusis da arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli

teqstebisa samagierod calk-calke Tavebad (XXI-XXII Tavebi) dauyvia

cuddideboba da zesTmCenobisaTAcircs rogorc zemoT vnaxeT eqvTime

aToneli am or Tavs aerTianebs petre gelaTelTan ki zesTmCenobisaTAcircs

Setanilia Semdeg XXIII safexurSi (misive gamouTqumelTaTAcircs

gulissityuaTa gmobisaTa) iseve rogorc patrologia grekaSi dabeWdil

berZnul teqstSi Περὶ τῆς ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας ἐν ῷ καὶ περὶ ἀκαθάρτων λογισμῶν τῆς

βλασφημίας anton kaTalikosis teqsti am SemTxvevaSi bolomde arc petre

gelaTelis Targmans misdevs igi samive Tavs calk-calke gamohyofs XXI

Tavi ndash cuddideboba XXII ndash zesTmCenobisaTAcircs XXIII ndash gmobisaTvis aqve

unda SevniSnoT rom antoniseuli teqstis safexurebis Tanmimdevroba am

SemTxvevaSic misdevs sofroniusis teqsts sadac aseve calk-calkea

gamoyofili samive zemoT aRniSnuli safexuri amdenad antonis teqstis

struqtura zustad emTxveva sofroniusis mier konstantinepolSi

64

dabeWdili da arqimandrit egnates mier gadamuSavebuli teqstebis

struqturas zemoT ukve aRvniSne rom es teqstebi gviandeli periodisaa

rac gamoricxavs antonisgan aRniSnuli gamocemebis codnas maSasadame

antoniseuli teqstis struqturaze msjelobisas SesaZlebelia ori

varaudis daSveba 1) antoni azrobrivad awyobs safexurebis

Tanmimdevrobas kerZod aerTianebs XVI-XVII safexurebs romelic

miZRvnilia angarebisa da upovarebisaTvis Tematurad am safexurebis

gaerTianeba aSkarad logikuria radgan ioane sineli sxva SemTxvevaSi ar

yofs calk-calke Tavebad saTnoebas da am saTnoebis sapirispiro vnebas

magaliTad nayrovanebisadmi miZRvnil safexurSi igi saubrobs marxvis

saTnoebazec da calke ar gamoyofs marxvis safexurs da aS rac Seexeba

XXI XXII XXIII Tavebs zesTmCenobis Sesaxeb safexuris gamoyofa

gmobisadmi miZRvnili safexurisgan bunebrivad Cans xolo

cuddidebobisa da zesTmCenobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna SesaZloa

avtors dasWirda cota zemoT darRveuli TavTa raodenobis aRsadgenad

raTa jamSi mieRo 30 safexuri 2) savsebiT dasaSvebia aseve rom anton

kaTalikoss xelT hqonoda CvenTvis ucnobi rame sxva wyaro romelSic

TavTa Tanmimdevroba swored ise iqneboda organizebuli rogorc man da

cota mogvianebiT am teqstis gamomcemlebma berma sofroniusma da

arqimandritma egnatem daalages aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom Cem mier

Catarebulma specialurma kvlevam anton kaTalikosis teqstis ZiriTad

wyarod gamoavlina petre gelaTelis Targmani (aseve icnobs da zog

SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba eqvTime aTonelis da ioane petriwis teqstebsac)

amdenad Tuki davuSvebT rom anton kaTalikoss xelT hqonda rame sxva

wyaro savaraudod igi gamouyenebia oden Tavisi teqstis struqturuli

organizebisaTvis

naTqvamis sailustraciod da ukeT aRsaqmelad aqve gTavazobT

erTgvar sqemas ndash paralelurad dalagebul saanalizo TavTa saTaurebs

berZnul teqstebsa da qarTul TargmanebSi

eqvTime

aToneli

petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

ioane

petriwi

Patrologiae

Cursus

Completus

Series Graeca

Vol 88

65

1

a

b 1

a soflisa

amis

amaoAacutesa

ganSorebis

aTAcircs

gamosvlisaTAcircs

sofliT

sofliT

gamosvlasag

an

gamosvlis

aTAcircs

sofliT

ese

Περὶ ἀποταγῆς

Βίου

2

bsiZulvili

saTAcircs

soflisa da

saqmeTa

misTa

misive

umzrunvelobisa

TAcircs

uzrunvelo

bisaTvis

ar

siyuaruli

saTAcircs

soflisa

Περὶ

ἀπροσπαθείας

ἤγουν ἀλυπίας

3

g

ucxoebisaTAcirc

s

romelsa

Sina ityAcircs

sizmarTaTAcircs

ca

cudTa

misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs

(sizmarTaTAcircs

sizmarTami

SedgomilTaTAcircs

SeyvanebadTaAacutesa)

ucxoebisaT

vis

ucxoebisa

TAcircs

Περὶ ξενιτείας

Περὶ ἐνυπνίων

ἀκολουθούντ

ων

εἰσαγωγικοῖς

sizmarTaTv

is

4

S) wamebis

a

misTAcircs

romeli

iqmnebis

morCilebisa

meoTxe

aRsavali

netarisaTAcircs da

maradis

Atildesenebulisa

morCilebisa

4 Tavi ndash

morCilebis

aTvis

wmidisa

sizmarTaT

Acircs

Περὶ τῆς

μακαρίας καὶ

ἀειμνήστου

ὑπακοῆς

66

mier

5

e

sinanulisa

TAcircs

romelsa

Sina ityAcircs

dilegisa

misTAcircs

misive mexuTe

aRsavali

sinanulisaTAcircs

zrunvilisa da

WeSmaritisa

gancxadebulad

sinanulisa

Tvis es

morCilebi

saTAcircs es

Περὶ

μετανοίας

μεμεριμνημέν

ης καὶ

ἐναργοῦς ἐν ᾖ

καὶ Βίος τῶν

ἁγίων

καταδίκων καὶ

περὶ τῆς

φυλακῆς

6

v

AtildesenebisaTAcirc

s

sikudilisa

misive

AtildesenebisaTAcircs

sikudilisa

xsenebisa

sikudilisa

sinanulis

aTAcircs ese

arisve

Περὶ μνήμης

θανάτου

7

z codvaTa

ganmwmedel

isa

gloisaTAcircs

misive

sixarulis

moqmedisa

gloisaTAcircs

glovisaTAcircs

AtildesenebisaT

Acircs

sikudilis

a

Περὶ τοῦ

χαροποιοῦ

πένθους

8

Agrave

urisxvelob

isaTAcircs

misive

urisxvelobisa

TAcircs da

simSvidisa

urisxuelob

isaTvis

glovisaTAcirc

s

Περὶ

ἀοργησίας καὶ

πραότητος

9

T

Zacircris-

AtildesenebisaTAcirc

s

misive

ZAcircrisAtildesenebisaT

Acircs

TAcircs

Zacircrisxsenebi

sa

urisxvel

obisaTAcircs

Περὶ

μνησικακίας

i

Zacircris-

misive

ZAcircriszraxvisaT

Zacircriszraxvi

sa

Zacircris-

zraxvisaT

Περὶ

καταλαλιᾶς

5

moRvaweebi eqvTime aToneli ioane petriwi petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT Sua saukuneebis qarTveli

swavlulebi ecnobodnen ara marto sakuTriv am didmniSvnelovan teqsts

aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac romliTac ioane sineli

sargeblobs aRniSnuli wyaroebi romlebic organulad aris CarTuli

ioane sinelis teqstis mTlian qsovilSi (Sesabamisad mis qarTul

TargmanebSic) rig SemTxvevaSi wyaros avtorze miTiTebiTac ki axali

codniT avsebs da amdidrebs qarTul kulturul da saazrovno sivrces

amrigad sakvlevi problemis aqtualobas gansazRvravs Sesaswavli

teqstebis mniSvneloba kerZod is rom maT Rrma kvali datoves Sua

saukuneebis qarTul mxatvrul-filosofiur azrovnebaze

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria saTnoebaTa kibis nusxebis simravlem

mravali filologiuri problema warmoSva TviT originalis kvlevis

procesSi da ar aris SemTxveviTi rom saTnoebaTa kibis didi

popularobis miuxedavad ar arsebobs teqstis kritikuli gamocema

berZnul enazec ki Ggamocemuli ar aris arc qarTuli prozauli

Targmanebis kritikuli teqstebi Tumca prof meri cincaZis

sadisertacio naSroms - ldquoioane sinelis klemaqsis eqvTimeseuli Targmani

da misi enardquo (cincaZe 1965) - danarTis saxiT axlavs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis kritikulad dadgenili teqsti romelic ramdenime ZiriTad

xelnawers emyareba mkvlevari gamosacemad amzadebs aseve petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis kritikul teqsts prof m cincaZes

sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs eqvTime aTonelis

Targmanis enasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi orTografiul-

fonetikuri Taviseburebani berZnul-qarTuli fonetikuri Sesatyvisobani

morfologia sintaqsi agreTve Targmanis xelnawerebi urTierToba

nusxaTa Soris eqvTimes mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebebi

naSromSi Sedarebulia klemaqsis qarTuli da berZnuli redaqciebi maTi

Sedgenilobis mixedviT m cincaZes aseve Seswavlili aqvs petre

gelaTeliseul Targmanis enobrivi mxare winamdebare naSromSi

citatebs vimowmebT petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis mis mier dadgenili

6

teqstidan ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqcia

gamosca mkvlevarma ivane lolaSvilma teqsts Tan axlavs vrceli

winasityvaoba sadac mecnieri farTod mimoixilavs ioane petriwis

biografiasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs mis saliteraturo moRvaweobas

filosofiur-Teologiur msoflmxedvelobas da am WrilSi saTnoebaTa

kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciis ramdenime pasaJs iv lolaSvilis

azriT teqstis gelaTuri Targmanis avtoric ioane petriwia xolo

petre gelaTels ekuTvnis mxolod ori iambiko romelSic Seqebulia

ioane sineli da klemaqsis mTargmneli ioane petriwi (petriwi 1968 65) k

kekeliZes gelaTuri Targmanis avtorad petre gelaTeli miaCnda ioane

petriwis avtorobis sakiTxs ar iziarebs arc e WeliZe romelic

specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis Sedegad askvnis rom aRniSnuli

teqstis mTargmneli petre gelaTelia (WeliZe 1996 674) aRsaniSnavia

aseve i abulaZis Sroma ldquorusTavelis xanis qarTulidan naTargmni Zveli

somxuri mwerlobis Zeglebirdquo sadac Seswavlilia saTnoebaTa kibis

somxuri Targmani romelic mkvlevris azriT ori qarTuli prozauli

Targmanis (eqvTime aToneli petre gelaTeli) monacemebs emyareba da maTi

Sejerebis Sedegadaa somxurad naTargmni (abulaZe 1938 129-130)

ukanasknel wlebSi aRmoCnda grigol nazianzelis TxzulebebSi CarTuli

saTnoebaTa kibis kidev erTi gansxvavebuli redaqciis fragmentebi

romelic q bezaraSvilma gamoaqveyna manve Seiswavla teqstTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi (bezaraSvili 1989 142-163) ioane sinelis anton

kaTalikosiseuli varianti gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam

kvlevaSi avtori ZiriTadad mimoixilavs anton kaTalikosis

literaturul stilsa da msoflmxedvelobas (kukava 1996)

naSromis sagani mizani amocanebi sadisertacio naSromis sagania

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli sakiTxebi cxadia Cvens gamokvlevas

Targmanebis raodenobisa da saanalizo sakiTxTa moculobis

gaTvaliswinebiT yvela problemis amomwuravad gaSuqebis pretenzia ar

gaaCnia naSromSi SemovifargleT TargmanebTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi

sakiTxebis SeswavliT mniSvnelovani aqcentebis dasmiTa da samomavlod

Sesaswavli problematikis identifikaciiT Sesabamisad SevecadeT

7

gagveanalizebina is ZiriTadi sakiTxebi rac teqstis kvlevis am etapze

CavTvaleT aucileblad vimedovnebT winamdebare naSromi xels Seuwyobs

ioane sinelis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebis Seswavlis sxva axal etapze

gadasvlas da momavali ufro srulyofili kvlevebisTvis safuZvlis

momzadebas

sadisertacio naSromis wyaroebi kvlevis ZiriTadi wyaroebia

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli redaqciebi esenia eqvTime

aTonelisa da petre gelaTelis prozauli Targmanebi da ioane

petriwiseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli poeturi gadamuSavebani aseve

meTiu raderisa da paraklitis monastris mier momzadebuli berZnuli

teqstebi saTnoebaTa kibis slavuri da inglisuri Targmanebi garda

amisa Targmanebis kvlevis procesSi naSromis ama Tu im nawilis

mizandasaxulobidan gamomdinarე wyarod gamoyenebulia antikuri

filosofiis Zeglebi da Sua saukuneebis saRvTismetyvelo literatura

naSromis Teoriuli baza naSromis Teoriul bazas warmoadgens

Tanamedrove medievistikasa da Targmanis TeoriaSi farTod

aprobirebuli da damkvidrebuli Teoriuli principebi qarTul

literaturaTmcodneobaSi Camoyalibebuli Zveli qarTuli originaluri

Tu naTargmni teqstebis kvlevis mdidari gamocdileba agreTve ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis aRiarebuli ucxoeli Tu qarTveli

mkvlevrebis kalistos uearis tatiana popovas Aandrei kordoCkinis

ivane lolaSvilis meri cincaZis qeTevan bezaraSvilisa da sxvaTa

naSromebi

meTodologia naSromSi sakvlevi obieqtis sirTulisa da

specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoyenebulia kompleqsuri midgoma

tradiciul da Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneobaSi aprobirebuli

kvlevis xerxebisa da meTodebis erToblioba kerZod aRweriTi meTodi -

kompetenturi da konteqsturi analizis gamoyenebiT komparativistuli ndash

genetikuri da tipologiuri midgomebiT struqturul-semiotikuri

sinqronuli da diaqronuli aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT agreTve

hermenevtikuli meTodi calkeul sakiTxTa analizisTvis mivmarTavT

interdisciplinuri kvlevis meTods

8

mecnieruli siaxle dRemde saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul TargmanebTan

dakavSirebuli problematika Seswavlilia romelime erTi redaqciis

gaTvaliswinebiT winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens ioane sinelis

saTnoebaTa kibis oTxi sruli redaqciis kompleqsuri literaturul-

istoriuli da Teoriuli analizis mcdelobas kerZod masSi

ganxilulia saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis problema interteqsturi

mimarTebebi qarTuli redaqciebis struqturuli da stiluri analizi da

maTi mimarTeba berZnul teqstebTan poeturi teqstebis versifikaciuli

Tavisebureba qarTuli Targmanebis simbolika da poeturi teqstebis

originalur CanarTebSi gamoyenebul simboloTa analizi teqstebis

ZiriTadi filosofiuri terminologia antoniseuli gadamuSavebis

mimarTeba manamde arsebul redaqciebTan CamoTvlil sakiTxTagan nawili

aqamde sruliad Seuswavleli iyo xolo zogierTi maTgani ki rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT Seswavlili iyo romelime erT redaqciaze dayrdnobiT

naSromis mecnieruli da praqtikuli Rirebuleba masalis analizi

kvlevis Sedegebi da daskvnebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas ioane sinelis

teqstis misi qarTuli Targmanebis Semdgomi Seswavlis dros Zveli

qarTuli literaturis saleqcio kursebisa da speckursebis swavlebaSi

9

Tavi I

saTnoebaTa kibe Sua saukuneebis qristianuli azrovnebis

konteqstSi

sadisertacio naSromis winamdebare TavSi mimovixilav ioane

sinelis saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad sakiTxebs romelTa

gaTvaliswinebis gareSe SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis

rolisa da adgilis gansazRvra

saTnoebaTa kibis avtorze informacias gvawvdis misi Tanamedrove

raiTis monastris beri danieli romlis mier dawerili ioane sinelis

cxovreba win uZRvis teqsts (Βίος ἐν ἐπιτομῇ τοῦ ἀββᾶ Ἰωάννου τοῦ ἡγουμένου τοῦ

ἁγίου ὅρους Σινᾶ τοῦ ἐπίκλην σχολαστικοῦ τοῦ ἐν ἁγίοις ὡς ἀληθῶς Συγγραφεὶς παρἀ Δανιὴλ

μοναχοῦ lsquoΡαιθηνοῦ ἀνδρὸς τιμίου καὶ ἐναρέτου PG Vol 88 596A) Teqvsmeti wlis

yofila ioane roca Sesula sinas monasterSi aqedan igi wasula

gandegilad sinelma berebma ioane gamoiwvies gandegilobidan da airCies

TavianT winamZRvrad sinas monasterSi moRvaweobis gamomxatvelia ioanes

wodeba ldquosinelirdquo misi ganaTlebisa da swavlulebis aRmniSvnelia

zedwodeba ldquosqolastikosirdquo xolo nawarmoebis mixedviT romlis

saTauric berZnulad JRers rogorc Κλίμαξ τοῦ παραδείσου (laT Scala Paradisi

ndash samoTxis kibe) igi xSirad iwodeba ldquoklemaqsadacrdquo (cincaZe 1965 1-2)

ioane sinelis biografia ar Seicavs konkretul TariRebs amitom dRemde

gaurkvevelia misi moRvaweobis zusti periodi amis Sesaxeb mecnierTa

Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa erTni fiqroben rom igi daaxloebiT 579-649

wlebSi moRvaweobda (nau 1902 35-37) meoreni misi moRvaweobis TariRs

kidev ufro ukan sweven da daaxloebiT 525-600 wlebiT SemosazRvraven

(sakosi 1964 180) sxvebi kidev Tvlian rom igi VII saukunis 70-80-ian

wlebSia gardacvlili (beki 1959 451)

rac Seexeba uSualod teqsts saTnoebaTa kibeSi Tavmoyrilia

ZiriTadi qristianuli eTikuri principebi teqsti Sedgeba 30 Tavisgan

(simbolurad ganasaxierebs qristes cxovrebis wlebs naTlisRebamde)

bibliuri iakobis xilvis miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibis

analogiiT ioane sineli safexureobriv struqturas iyenebs raTa

10

aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi ldquosaTnoebani wmidani msgavs arian

kibesa mas romeli ixila iakob rameTu SemdgomiTi Semdgomad SeslviTa

maT Sina aRamaRleben kacsa cadmderdquo (sineli 1965 202) TiToeuli

safexuris gadalaxva romelic gulisxmobs calkeuli vnebis daZlevasa

da saTnoebis mopovebas an piriqiT dakavSirebulia individis nebisyofasa

da gaunelebel brZolisunarianobasTan

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema dRemde ar arsebobs met-naklebad ukeTesad miiCneva

meTiu raderis (Matthew Rader) mier 1633 wels parizSi dabeWdili teqsti

romelic 1860 wels minem Seitana patrologia grekas (Patrologiae Cursus

Completus Series Graeca) 88-e tomSi (PG Vol 88 596-1209) saTnoebaTa kibis

meTiu raderiseulisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels

konstantinepolSi aTonis mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT

gamosca berma sofroniusma (kordoCkini 2003 14) yvelaze Zveli

axalberZnuli teqsti episkoposma maqsimem 1590 wels gamosca veneciaSi

xolo 1774 wels kvlav venciaSi arqimandritma ieremiam gamosca

saTnoebaTa kibe sqolioebiT aRsaniSnavia aseve parakletis monasterSi

arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli saTnoebaTa kibis axalberZnuli

teqsti romelSic gamomcemeli ukve arsebul gamocemebTan erTad

iTvaliswinebs kidev erT XIV saukunis aTonis mTis xelnawersac

(marTlmadidebluri 2010)

rogorc aRiniSna saTnoebaTa kibe Targmnilia qristianuli

mwerlobis mqone TiTqmis yvela enaze laTinur siriul arabul

eTiopur qarTul somxur slavur (bezaraSvili 1987 129) berZnuli

xelnawerebis mixedviT irkveva rom yvelaze metad bizantiaSi klemaqsi

gavrcelebuli iyo XI saukuneSi XII-XIII saukuneebSi am Zeglis mimarT

interesi SedarebiT Sesustda xolo XIV saukunidan isixasturi kamaTis

dros isev gaizarda (bezaraSvili 1989 145) slavur xelnawerebze

dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSic aseTive suraTi gvaqvs XI saukuneSi Zalze

gavrcelebulia pirveli slavuri Targmanebi (bulgareTSi Sesrulebuli

X-XI saukuneebSi) axali slavuri Targmani (ufro zusti) Sesrulda

serbeTSi XIV saukuneSi XIV-XV saukuneebSi kidev ufro gaizarda

11

interesi ruseTSi klemaqsisadmi XV saukunidan es interesi isev ecema

(bezaraSvili 1989 145) q bezaraSvilis azriT saTnoebaTa kibis qarTul

redaqciebze dakvirvebac msgavs suraTs aCvenebs (bezaraSvili 1989 145)

rogorc aRvniSneT qarTulad Camoyalibda klemaqsis eqvsi

redaqcia

1) X saukunemdeli Semoklebuli (gamokrebili) prozauli versia (mag Sin

14 (gariti 1956) romelic arabulidanaa Targmnili (utie 1973 45)

2) eqvTime aTonelis prozauli versia (X-XI ss) romelic yvelaze meti ndash

27-mde xelnaweriT aris Cvenamde moRweuli (cincaZe 1965 6)1 igi

gamocemulia XX saukunis dasawyisSi (sineli 1902) xolo mogvianebiT

ramdenjerme gamoica axalqarTulad eqvTime aTonelis samecniero

kritikulad dadgenili teqsti ki danarTis saxiT erTvis m cincaZis

disertacias (cincaZe 1965)

3) petre gelaTelis prozauli versia (gamosacemad mzaddeba m cincaZis

mier) romelsac ori Zveli xelnaweriT mouRwevia Cvenamde A-39 (XIV s) da

ufro adrindeli daviT garejSi nikras mier gadawerili nusxa (H-1669)2

romelic cnobili iyo eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis Semcvelad da

XII-XIII saukuneebiT aTariRebdnen (metreveli 1950 96-97) rogorc m

cincaZe arkvevs nusxis dasawyisi da bolo nawilebi marTlac

eqvTimeseul teqsts Seicaven ZiriTadi Sua nawili ki aris petre

gelaTelis Targmani (cincaZe 1965 17) A-39 da H-1669 nusxebs mkvlevris

dakvirvebiT aqvs erTi saerTo wyaro romelmac sxvadasxva gadamweris

xelSi sxvadasxva cvlileba ganicada (cincaZe 1995 42) xelisa da

orTografiuli niSnebis mixedviT H-1669 xelnawers m cincaZe XI-XII

saukuneebiT aTariRebs da svams mTargmnelis petre gelaTelis

moRvaweobis periodis sakiTxs (cincaZe 1965 17) romelic XIII saukunis

moRvawed iyo miCneuli (kekeliZe 1980 331-334) q bezaraSvilis azriT es

faqti ufro gamodgeba saimisod rom aRniSnuli Targmanis avtorad ioane

petriwi miviCnioT (bezaraSvili 1987 130) ioane petriws miiCnevs avtorad

iv lolaSvilic (petriwi 1968 65-68 89) e WeliZe ar iziarebs iv

1 xelnawerebTan dakavSirebiT ix kekeliZe 1927 155 kekeliZe 1957 65

2 sxva xelnawerebi gviandelia S-344 (XVIII s) H-2346 (XVIII s) H-2188 (XIX s) (cincaZe 1995 37)

12

lolaSvilis mosazrebas da specialuri terminologiuri kvlevis

Sedegad askvnis rom mTargmneli petre gelaTelia ldquoaRniSnul TargmanSi

vlindeba sakuTriv gelaTuri (arapetriwiseuli) petriwiseuli da

sruliad axali sakuTriv petre gelaTeliseuli

terminTSesatyvisobanicrdquo (WeliZe 1996 674)

prozauli redaqciebis garda arsebobs saTnoebaTa kibis poeturi

gadamuSavebebic

1) erT aseTs eqvTimeseul Targmanze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebul

leqsiT redaqcias romelic gamosca iv lolaSvilma (petriwi 1968)

tradicia ioane petriws miawers ldquosaxeli iovane aRniSnulia 302-e

strofis kidurwerilobaSic ldquomeox meqmen mamao iovane me ndash iovanes

mosavsa Sensardquo es ioane aris petriwi amas adasturebs literaturuli

tradicia (xelnawerze darTuli anderZebi da XVIII saukunis mweralTa

cnobebi)rdquo (petriwi 1968 94) amdenad radganac teqstis avtoris

dadgenisTvis aucilebeli kvlevebi ar aris Catarebuli da amjerad arc

Cveni kvlevis interesSi Semodis aRniSnul teqsts pirobiTad ioane

petriwiseulad movixseniebT

2) sxva anonimi avtoris mier damuSavebuli grigol nazianzelis

TxzulebebSi CarTuli poeturi redaqciis fragmentebi qeTevan

bezaraSvilma aRmoaCina teqsti gamocemulia Jurnal macneSi da imave

Jurnalis or nomerSi dabeWdilia vrceli gamokvleva teqstis Sesaxeb

(bezaraSvili 1987 129-154 bezaraSvili 1989 142-162) klemaqsis axal

qarTul versias safuZvlad udevs petre gelaTelis Targmani anonimi

frazeologiuri sizustiT misdevs Tavis wyaros mkvlevris azriT es

teqsti romelic moRweulia XVIII-XIX ss xelnawerebiT unda

momdinareobdes adreuli nakluli dednidan romelic Tavis mxriv

xelnaweris prosodiis niSnebis mixedviT petriwuli saliteraturo

skolidan unda iyos gamosuli amasve miuTiTebs teqstis stilic

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-148)

bolo ori leqsiTi redaqcia XVIII saukuneze adrindeli

xelnawerebiT ar aris cnobili isini antonis saliteraturo skolis

interesebma Semogvinaxa (bezaraSvili 1989 143-144) ufro metic

13

3) saTnoebaTa kibis ukanaskneli (XVIII s) da erTgvarad Semajamebeli

redaqcia Tavad anton kaTalikoss ekuTvnis teqsti erTi S-3731

xelnaweris mixedviT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo T kukavam (kukava

1996)

saTnoebaTa kibe rogorc SesavalSi aRiniSna XIII saukuneSi

uTargmniaT qarTulidan somxurad somxurad am Targmanis ori nusxa

arsebobs erTi XIII saukunis xolo meore mogviano periodis orive

nusxaSi meoce Tavis bolos Senaxulia cnoba am Zeglis somxurad

Targmnis Sesaxeb ldquonaTargmnia aqamomdis wrfelis mowesis minas mesvetis

mier qalaq trapizons xolo aqedan simeon xuces-monazonisagan qarTuli

eniTrdquo simeon xuces-monazons klemaqsis garda qarTulidan somxurad

uTargmnia ioane damaskelis wyaroAacute-codnisaAacute da prokle diadoxosis

kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni ioane petriwis sqolioebiTurT saTnoebaTa

kibis somxur Targmanze dakvirvebis Sedegad i abulaZem gaarkvia rom

sakuTriv teqsti da traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT naTargmnia petre

gelaTelis qarTuli Targmanidan xolo ganmartebebi da daniel

raiTelis mier dawerili ioane sinelis cxovreba misdevs eqvTime

aTonelis Targmans mkvlevris azriT Zeglebi romlebic simeons

uTargmnia somxurad SemTxveviT xelT Cavardnili ar Cans isini

sagangebodaa SerCeuli rogorc metad mimzidveli Txzulebebi saSualo

saukuneebSi (abulaZe 1938 128-133)

zemoT warmodgenili mcire istoriul-literaturuli eqskursis

Semdeg SevexebiT saTnoebaTa kibesTan dakavSirebul im zogad istoriul

da literaturul sakiTxebs romelTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSe rogorc

aRvniSneT SeuZlebelia Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi teqstis rolisa da

adgilis gansazRvra

14

amp 1 moralur-eTikuri principebi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi

cnobilia rom qristianuli eTikis wyaro pirvel rigSi bibliaa

Sesabamisad asketuri praqtika swored bibliis eTikis gansakuTrebuli

simkacriT dacvas gulisxmobsAasketizmi qristianuli kulturis erT-

erTi fundamentia am kulturis nebismieri sferos srulyofilad

Seswavla askezis eTikuri principebis gauTvaliswineblad SeuZlebelia

Tu adre mecniereba asketizms ganixilavda rogorc mxolod uaryofiT

movlenas masSi eZebda sociumTan damokidebulebaSi oden destruqciul

midgomebs individis SemboWav da madeformirebel kategoriebs dRes

aSkarad gamoikveTa araerTi aspeqti misi rogorc dadebiTi movlenisa

Sesabamisad monoliTur dasavlur kulturaSi TiTqos xelaxlა

aRmoაCines asketizmi rogorc kulturuli movlena DdabejiTebiT

miuTiTeben rom asketizmi gvTavazobs eTikis safuZveldamdeb

motivaciebs rom asketuri Rvawlis gavlena ar Semoifargleba oden

religiuri sivrciT aramed is zemoqmedebs kulturis xelovnebis

mwerlobis ama Tu im mimarTulebis formirebaze xolo eTikuri

diskursis fonic da intenciac asketizmSia saZiebeli (xoruJi 1998 24)

raki ioane sinelis teqsti zneobrivi saxelmZRvaneloa pirvel

rigSi saWiroa gairkves eTikis roli antikur da Sua saukuneebis

kulturaSi

cnobilia rom qristianulma kulturam Tavis wiaRSi antikuri

msoflmxedvelobis erTgvari integracia moaxdina ufro metic Sua

saukuneebSi qristianuli filologiis ganviTarebis process aRweren

rogorc antikuri meTodologiisa da praqtikis rdquoqristianizaciisrdquo

process (doborjginiZe 2012 43) igive SeiZleba iTqvas Sua saukuneebis

msoflmxedvelobaze bunebrivia rom antikur-berZnul kulturaze

amozrdilma da am kulturiT nasazrdoebma qristianulma

msoflmxedvelobam memkvidreobad antikuri kulturisa da filosofiis

didi gamocdileba miiRo aqve aRvniSnavT rom platonis

filosofiasTan (saerTod klasikuri periodis eTikasTan ndash im)

qristianuli eTikisa da asketuri principebis gansakuTrebuli

siaxlovidan gamomdinare mkvlevari rv livingstoni wignSi ndash berZeni

15

geniosi da misi mniSvneloba CvenTvis (The Greek Genius and its Meaning to us)

ndash svams udavod saintereso SekiTxvas iyo Tu ara platoni asketi

(livingstoni 1912) es siaxlove samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzis

aris aRniSnuli jilian evansis marTebuli azriT filosofiur

sistemebs hqonda ara mxolod inteleqtualuri aramed praqtikul-

moraluri xasiaTic maTi mizani iyo bednierebis miRweva saTnoebebis

meSveobiT (evansi 2014 10) Sua sakuneebis qristianobis moralis

filosofia moicavs qristianuli da antikuri moralis sinTezis

mcdelobas rac qristiani moazrovnisaTvis ar unda yofiliyo rTuli

saqme ldquoTuki filosofosebi acxadebdnen rom netari cxovreba miiRweva

im adamianebis mier romlebic sakuTar dacemul bunebaze rac SeiZleba

maRla dadgomas cdiloben da yvelaferSi RmerTs baZaven mSvidi

uSfoTveli cxovrebiT rac amqveyniuri siameebisadmi da vnebebisadmi

zurgis Seqcevas niSnavs gana SeiZleboda qristians rame

sawinaaRmdego hqonoda amgvari TvalTaxedvisadmi qristianebi mxolod

am ideebis gaRrmaveba-ganviTarebas moisurvebdnen da filosofiur

sistemaSic imave gzas dasaxavdnen im filosofosebisTvis romlebic

sulis ukvdavebas aRiarebdnen bednieri cxovreba ar Semoifargleboda

mxolod amqveyniuri arsebobiT misi realizeba am cxovrebis Semdgomac

iyo SesaZlebeli ase rom qristianebi da filosofosebi ar

saubrobdnen sxvadasxva enaze garkveuli azriT qristianoba Tavad

warmoadgenda filosofiasrdquo (evansi 2014 11) miuxedavad imisa rom

antikuri filosofiisa da qristianuli kulturisTvis niSandoblivi

eTikuri principebis formaluri gamoxatuleba xSirad Tanxvdeba

gavrcelebuli azriT eTikisTvis axali epoqa iwyeba qristianobis

gariJraJze radganac antikur paganizms ar hqonia RvTisa da samyaros

urTierTobis kacobriobis erTianobisa da moraluri kanonis bunebis

Sesaxeb naTlad da zustad Camoyalibebuli koncefcia Sesabamisad am

da msgavs sakiTxebs pirvelad qristianobam mohfina naTeli

qristianobam moitana axali ideali ndash eTikuri swavlebis centrSi

daayena da upirveles cnebad aqcia siyvaruli da dasaxa axali mizani ndash

moraluri srulyofa adamianis RmerTTan mimsgavsebisTvis ldquoda

Seiyuaro ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa

16

suliTa SeniTa da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa da yovliTa ZaliTa

SeniTa ese ars pirveli mcnebaAacute Seiyuaro moyuasi Seni viTarca Tavi

Tacircsirdquo (mark 12 30-31) ufro metic ldquogiyuarded mterni Tquenni da

akurTxevdiT mwyevarTa TquenTa da keTilsa uyofdiT moZuleTa

TquenTa da ulocevdiT maT romelni gmZlavrobden Tquen da gdevniden

Tquenrdquo (mT 544) radganac Tavad RmerTia siyvaruli ldquoromelsa ara

uyuardes man ara icis RmerTi rameTu RmerTi siyuarulisaAacute arsrdquo (1 in

48) Tumca rogorc pavle mociquli gvaswavlis RmerTma moraluri

kanoni dawera im adamianTa gulebSic ki romlebic qristianuli

gamocxadebis farglebSi ar Tavsdebodnen ldquoromelni gamoaCineben

saqmesa Sjulisasa dawerilsa gulTa Sina maTTa Tana-mowamebiTa

maTda gonebisa maTisaAacuteTa da Soris urTierTas gulis sityuani

Seasmenden anu sityuas ugebdenrdquo (rom 215)

ra aris morali ratom unda iyos adamiani moraluri am kiTxvebze

sistemuri pasuxis gacemas kacobriobis istoriis yvela etapze cdiloben

platonisTvis tradiciuli saTnoebebis (moTmineba simamace

samarTlianoba RvTismosaoba) sargeblianoba damokidebulia imaze Tu

rogor exmarebian isini adamians bednierebis mopovebaSi misi azriT

bedniereba mdgomareobs sulis harmoniaSi saTnoebebi ki am procesSi

SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc amgvari fsiqikuri harmoniis aucilebeli

aspeqti

Aaristotele im varaudis sapirispirod rom moraluri principebi

aris Tandayolili fiqrobs rom moraluri saTnoeba arc Tandayolilia

da arc Teoriuli gansjiTa da swavliT miiRweva is xSiri sistematuri

praqtikiT gamomuSavdeba da gamouyeneblobiT ikargeba (buaZe 2014)

rdquosaTnoebani ar arian warmoSobilni arc bunebrivad da arc bunebis

sawinaaRmdego gziT Cven mas movipovebT da srulvyofT miCveviTrdquo (arist

nikom eTik 1103a)

epikures moZRvrebaSi eTika dafuZnebulia hedonizmze radganac aq

kargi gaigivebulia sasiamovnosTan magram WeSmariti hedonizmi

epikurelebisTvis gonebrivi simSvidea romelic gulisxmobs

crurwmenebis RmerTebis da imqveyniuri cxovrebis SiSis daZlevas

17

stoikosebisTvis eTika kargi cxovrebaa rac miiRweva bunebasTan da mis

kanonebTan harmoniaSi yofniT maTTvis Tavad saTnoebebia adamianuri

cxovrebis erTaderTi mizani maT miaCniaT rom adamians saTno cxovrebis

miRweva yvelanair pirobebSi SeuZlia amitom amqveyniur ldquosikeTeTardquo

mimarT filosofiur gulgrilobas qadageben (peri 2014)

amrigad antikur filosofiaSi adamianis telosi bednierebaa

xolo bedniereba Tavis mxriv ukavSirdeba zneobis moralis Sesabamisad

cxovrebas sainteresoa ras Tvlian moralurad berZeni filosofosebi

da ra aqvs saerTo qristianul morals antikur filosofiaSi

Camoyalibebul eTikur principebTan

amjerad Cvens mizanს ar warmoadgens qristianuli eTikis rogorc

Camoyalibebuli sistemis antikur eTikur sistemasTan zogadi mimarTebis

kvleva SemovifarglebiT ufro konkretuli amocaniT ndash calkeuli

moraluri konceptis (am SemTxvevaSi vercxlismoyvareoba sixarbe

angareba da mflangveloba nayrovaneba gemoTmoyvareoba da

TavSeukavebuloba) antikuri da qristianuli gaazrebisa da maT Soris

msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis warmoCeniT

Kklasikuri periodis udidesi warmomadgenlis platonis Teza

rom suli unda idges sxeulsa da maSasadame yovelive materialurze

maRla gadavida qristianobaSi da Tavi iCina qristian moRvaweTa

naazrevSic (kahani 2009 34) platonis idealuri saxelmwifos mcvels ar

aqvs qoneba ldquomcvelebs arc sakuTari saxl-kari unda hqondeT arc miwa-

wyali da arc sxva ram avladideba isini mosaxleobisgan iReben sursaT-

sanovages TavianTi samsaxuris sanacvlod da erTad moixmaren mas Tuki

surT WeSmariti mcvelebi erqvaTrdquo (plat saxelmw 1913) amdenad SuRli

da dava adamianis mesakuTruli bunebis gamo warsuls bardeba da

materialuri Rirebulebebis tyveobisgan Tavisufali suli mzadaa

Sesamecneblad

rac Seexeba aristoteles misi filosofia deskrifciulia igi

Tanadrouli sazogadoebisTvis tipur eTikur principebs aRwers

bdquosaTnoeba aris Tviseba SeZenili SerCevis safuZvelze igi CvenTvis

3 citatebs platonis saxelmwifodan vuTiTebT baCana bregvaZis Targmanidan

18

Sualedur mdgomareobas warmoadgens Sualedi ki or borotebas Soris

ndash siWarbesa da naklebobas Sorisaaldquo (arist nikom eTik 1107a) amitom

aristoteles eTikis mixedviT idealuria Sualeduri mdgomareoba

siZunwesa da mflangvelobas Soris amgvar adamians bdquoaxasiaTebs gacema

imaze viszec saWiroa miReba imisgan visganac saWiroa da armiReba

imisgan visganac araa saWiroldquo (arist nikom eTik 1120a)

naklebad radikaluri damokidebuleba aqvT materialur

RirebulebebTan mimarTebaSi romael filosofosebs seneka amtkicebs

rom simdidre TavisTavSi ar moicavs borotebas Tumca is SeiZleba iyos

amis mizezic igi ar gamoricxavs saTnoebis mopovebis SesaZleblobas

qonebis daxmarebiTac (De Vita Beata) ciceronis azriTac simdidre

SeiZleba iyos saTnoebis winapiroba Tumca ara aucilebeli (grifini

1976 296)

materialuri Rirebulebebisadmi ebraelTa damokidebuleba Cans

Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi k perotas azriT Raribi daculia RvTisagan

imdenad ramdenadac damqiravebelma droulad da samarTlianad unda

gadauxados gasamrjelo daqiravebuls rac ara marto Raribs icavs

usamarTlobisgan aramed damqiravebelsac zedmeti simdidris

dagrovebisgan (perota 2004 44) Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT materialur

simdidres aqvs maRali faseuloba bibliuri abraami isaaki iakobi

solomoni agroveben qonebas romelic aris RvTiuri nebis niSani Tumca

amavdroulad Zveli aRTqma moiTxovs mdidrisgan Raribis daxmarebas

rac Seexeba axal aRTqmas aq simdidre gaazrebulia

erTmniSvnelovnad negatiur konteqstSi rogorc damabrkolebeli

faqtori RvTis mcnebebis aRsrulebis gzaze ldquoda zrunvani amis

soflisani da sacTuri simdidrisaAacute SeuAtildedis da SeaSTvian sityuaAacute igi

da unayofo iqmnisrdquo (mark 419) ieso gamoricxavs RmerTisa da mamonas

samsaxurs erTdroulad radgan ldquomdidari Zniad Sevides sasufevelsa

caTasa da merme getyAcirc Tquen uadviles ars aqlemi ganslvad Atildeurelsa

nemisisa vidre mdidari Seslvad sasufevelsa caTasardquo (mT 19 23ndash24)

amitom igi kategoriulad mouwodebs morwmuneebs bdquoganyideniT monagebni

19

Tquenni da mieciT qvelis-saqme da yavT Tavisa Tquenisa safase romeli

ara daZueldesldquo (lk 12 33ndash34)

axali aRTqmis es xazi qristianobaSi mogvianebiT patristikuli

literaturiTa da asketuri moRvaweobiT gagrZelda radganac asketuri

moRvaweobis sabasizo saTnoebas axloblebTan ganSorebasTan erTad

yovelgvari materialuris uaryofa warmoadgenda amgvarma tendenciam

moitana samonastro sazogadoebebis Camoyalibeba metic gamoikveTa am

tendenciis kidev ufro mkveTri forma ndash sociumisgan (samonastro

sazogadoebisganac ki) gamdgari martodmyofoba da bunebrivia rom mis

erT-erT fundamentur principad iqca upovareba

Aasketuri moqmedeba iTxovs koncentracias sakuTar Sinagan

samyaroze maqsime aRmsarebeli ambobs bdquonetari goneba ukan moitovebs ra

yovelive (materialurs) dausruleblad tkbeba saRvTo mSvenierebis

(xilviT)ldquo (PG Vol 90 964D) amitomac eklesiis mamebi uaryofdnen kerZo

sakuTrebas da sxvebsac amisken mouwodebdnen netari avgustines azriT

simdidris dagroveba ar aris Rirebuli mizani qristianisTvis imave

azrs imeorebs klimenti aleqsandrieli (granti 2004 49) ioane

sinelisUsaTnoebaTa kibeSi romelic ajamebs ZiriTad qristianul

saTnoebebs calke Tavi eZRvneba vercxlismoyvareobas teqstis avtori

Teologiur sakiTxebSi Rrma gawafulobis garda amJRavnebs adamianis

fsiqologiis safuZvlian codnas amitomac axerxebs Caswvdes ama Tu im

vnebis warmomSobi adamianuri bunebis yvelaze dafarul da Rrma Sreebs

ldquovecxlis-moyvarebaAacute Tayvanis-cemaAacute ars kerpTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 277)

ldquodasawyisi vercxlis-moyvarebisaAacute arn gulis-sityuaAacute mowyalebisaAacute xolo

aRsasruli misi arn siZulili glaxakTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 278)

vercxlismoyvareoba gamoricxavs sulze zrunvas ldquoxolo romeli

ityodis Tu orive maqundeso igi Tavsa TAcircssa acTunebsrdquo (sineli 1965

277)

qristianuli eTikis kidev erTi centraluri principi nayrovanebis

vnebasTan brZolaa saqme isaa rom mankiereba ar aris TviTkmari

radganac yovel vnebas sxva vneba udevs safuZvlad da Tavadac sxva

vnebis Semoqmedia amgvar Sexedulebas adamianis qcevaze xangrZlivi

20

dakvirveba udevs safuZvlad asea gagebuli codvis raoba antikur

filosofiaSic da qristianul saazrovno sivrceSic Pplatoniს azriT

mravalferovani sakvebi aRviraxsnilobis mizezia rac xels uSlis da

azarmacebs mcvels brZolis velze (plat saxelmw 112) amasTanave

mankierebis sxvadasxva gamovlineba miuTiTebs adamianis xasiaTis ama Tu

im sisusteze magaliTad aristotelesTvis nayrovaneba TavSeukaveblobaa

da gasakicxia ndash ldquobunebriv miswrafebaTagan cotaa iseTi romelic

gvacTunebs da isic erT SemTxvevaSi gadaWarbebis dros radgan Wama an

sma imisa rac mogxvdeba sanam mucels ar amoiyorav niSnavs bunebrivi

zomis gadaWarbebas magram Sevseba imisa rac aklia adamians aris

bunebrivi moTxovnileba isini romlebic saWiroze metad iyoraven

mucels Rormucelebi arian aseTebi monuri bunebisa arianldquo (arist

nikom eTik 1118b) igi am sakiTxSic zomierebis momxrea Tvlis ra rom

bdquojanmrTelobas Rupavs zedmeti an naklebi saWmeli da sasmelildquo (arist

nikom eTik 1104a) amgvarad platonic da aristotelec gadaWarbebuli

saWmlis miRebisgan Tavis mozRudvas ormagi funqciiT tvirTaven ndash

zrunva fizikur janmrTelobaze da nayrovanebisgan warmoSobili

mankierebebisgan (rogoricaa siZva mrisxaneba ulmobeloba da aS) Tavis

arideba rac adamianis sulis misi xasiaTis sworad formirebis

winapirobaa

Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT egviptelTa tyveobidan Tavdaxsnil

ebraelebs bdquogulman uTqua gulisTqmaAacute dasxda da tiroda da Zeni

israAgravelisanica maT Tana da ityodes vin mces Cuen Atildeorci da vWamoT

ldquo(ricx 11 4-5) ufalma mouvlina maT xorci bdquoda Atildeorci igi iyoRa pirsa

Sina maTsa da arRa moklebul iyo da ufali ganrisxna ersa mas zeda da

mosra eri igi wylulebiTa didiTa friadldquo (ricx 11 33) klasikuri xanis

moazrovneTa msgavsad Zvel aRTqmaSic nayrovaneba sxva mankierebebis

safuZvlad miiCneva bdquogarna ese usjuloebaAacute sodomisa disa Senisa

ampartavanebaAacute da sisavsiTa purisaAacuteTa da iefobiTa nukveulobda igi da

asulni misnibdquo (ezek 16 49)

am eTikur xazs agrZelebs axali aRTqmac ldquoda vhrqua sulsa Cemsa

sulo gaqus mravali keTili daunjebuli mravalTa welTa ganisuene

21

Wame da su da ixarebd hrqua mas RmerTman ugunuro amas Ramesa migiRon

suli Seni Sengan ege romel moimzade visa iyosrdquo L(lk 1219-20)

nayrovanebasTan brZola SesaZlebelia marxviT romelic kargad

nacnobi praqtikaa aramarto antikuri-berZnuli samyarosTvis (orfeosis

kultis mimdevrebiDdionises kulti piTagorelebi) aramed TiTqmis

yvela religiuri Tu filosofiuri sistemisTvis Tumca qristianuli

marxvis ideas gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvs ndash sakvebisgan Tavis Sekaveba

aris pirvel rigSi gonebisa da sulis ganwmendis saSualeba

gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri iyo nayrovanebasTan marxvis saTnoebiT brZola

samonastro sazogadoebaSi bdquogamaride yovelgvar sacTurs uwminduri

saWmeli rodi maSinebs aramed uwminduri vnebaldquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 46) ndash wers netari avgustine igi nayrovanebasTan brZolis magaliTs

Tavadve iZleva ldquodResdReobiT ki siamovnebad miCans es aucilebloba da

me vebrZvi am sitkboebas (nayrovaneba ndashim) raTa misi tyve ar gavxde esaa

yoveldRiuri brZola marxulobiTa da bdquoxorcis daTrgunviTldquo (net

avgust aRs X XXXI 43) qristianuli asketizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

iyo rogorc eqstremalurad radikaluri meTodebiT brZola ama Tu im

vnebis dasamarcxeblad ise zomiereba am brZolaSi netari

avgustinesTvis sakvebis zomieri miRebaa nayrovanebasTan brZolis

yvelaze gonivruli forma bdquopirs ise unda amosdo lagami rom arc

Zalumad movzidoT da arc sul mivuSvaT sadaverdquo (net avgust aRs X

XXXI 47) am xazs agrZelebs ioane damaskeliც igi aucileblad miiCnevs

bunebiseul da aucilebel sxeulebriv moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas

imisTvis rom sxeulma ar dakargos sasicocxlo Zalebi radganac RvTis

mcnebebis aRsrulebas sulierTan erTad sWirdeba fizikuri Zalisxmevac

bdquosxeuliseul siamovnebaTagan nawili aris erToblivad bunebiseulic da

aucilebeliac romlebis gareSe SeuZlebelia sicocxle rogorebicaa

magaliTad sinaklulis Semavsebeli saWmeli da aucilebeli samosirdquo

(ioan damask gard 2000 364) Tumca zomiereba ioane damaskelis azriTac

gadamwyveti faqtoria sulieri harmoniis SesanarCuneblad bdquonawili

(siamovnebebi ndash im) arc aucilebelia da arc bunebiseuli rogorc

magaliTad simTvrale avxorcoba da nayrovaneba arc ametebs saWiroebas

22

radgan isini arc Cveni sicocxlis ganmtkicebas emsaxurebian da arc

modgmis memkvidreobiTobas aramed piriqiT zians gvayenebenldquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 364) nayrovaneba safuZveli SeiZleba iyos

TavSeukaveblobis rac Tavis mxriv azianebs sxeuls ryvnis suls da

abnelebs gonebas amis sapirispirod bdquomarxva kurnavs sulier Wrilobebs

da aaxlebs codviT gaxrwnil suls igi ganamtkicebs gonebas

Stagvagonebs RvTis SiSs anadgurebs vnebebs aTvinierebs zraxvebs rdquo

(ioan oqrop marxv 1991)

nayrovanebis vnebaze msjelobas ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibiT

davasruleb ldquomTavari eSmakTaAacute ars zeciT gardamovrdomili igi mTiebi

da mTavar vnebaTa ars simaZRre muclisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 233) rogorc

vxedavT ioane sineli Tavisi winamorbedebis msgavsad miiCnevs rom

gadametebuli ZRoma safuZvels udebs yvelanair codvas da

gansakuTrebiT aRvivebs vnebebs ldquosimaZRre WamadTaAacute mamaAacute ars siZvisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 225) igia saTave yovelgvari mankierebis ldquopirmSoAacute Cemi ars

siZvaAacute da Semdgomad misa ndash sificxe gulisaAacute da mesameAacute ars Zili da

merme ndash zRuaAacute gulis-sityuaTaAacute da Relvani Seginebisani da ufskruli

gamouTqumelTa da miuTxrobelTa arawmidebaTaAacute Cemgan gamovals asulni

Cemni arian mconarebaAacute mraval-metyuelebaAacute kadnierebaAacute da gancxromaAacute

sicili cilobaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 236) is rac gaxda mizezi ldquodacemasa mas

adamissa warwymedasa esavissa momsrvelsa israeAgravelTasa noes

Seuracxebasa gomornelTa damwuvelsa loTis bralobasardquo (sineli 1965

235) ioane sinelisTvis nayrovanebasTan brZolis saukeTeso gza

zomierebaa da Tanmimdevrulobaa

zemoT warmodgenili masala naTelyofs rom nayrovanebis vnebis

antikuri filosofiuri da Sua saukuneebis qristianuli gaazreba

Zalzed msgavsia

amrigad morali zneoba universaluri kategoriaa ara romelime

erTi religiis an kulturis monapovari aramed kacobriobis mdidari

sulieri gamocdilebis nayofi qristianulma msoflmxedvelobam

memkvidreobad miiRo antikur kulturaSi Camoyalibebuli da Teoriulad

kargad gaazrebuli moralur-eTikuri principebi romelmac axali

msoflmxedvelobis wiaRSi garkveuli transformacia ganicada amasTan

23

qristiani mamebi ara marto amCnevdnen aramed miuTiTebdnen kidec

antikuri tradiciis gangrZobadobaze da mas RvTis arsis absolutur

sikeTed gaazrebis konteqstSi ganixilavdnen bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi

bunebasa Sina Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa

dambadebeli ars RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier

Cuen Soris rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca

warmarTnica swyaloben kacsaldquo (sineli 1965 394) es siaxlove

gansakuTrebiT maSinaa mosalodneli roca axali msoflmxedveloba

yalibdeba iseTi Zlieri kulturis wiaRSi rogoricaa antikuri

berZnuli civilizacia amdenad qristianuli teqstis kvleva

aucileblad moiTxovs antikuri berZnuli tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebas

ramdenadac vfiqrobT es aris uwyveti erTiani saazrovno procesi

24

amp 2 saTnoebaTa kibis wyaroebis sakiTxi

saTnoebaTa kibis teqstze darTul werilSi ioane raiTeli ioane

sinels sTxovs rom asketur gzaze Semdgar moRvaweTaTvis Tavis

mravalferovan praqtikul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT aRweros

sulisTvis margebeli rCevebi marTlac 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi asketur

RvawlSi myofi ioane sineli saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnisas xelmZRvanelobs

sakuTari praqtikuli gamocdilebiT magram ioane sinelis Sroma aris

avtoris samonastro cxovrebis mdidari gamocdilebisa da winare

tradiciis erTgvari sinTezi (ueari 1982 59) Sua saukuneebis

Teologiur-filosofiur literaturaSi ioane sinelis Rrma

ganswavlulobaze metyvelebs erTi mxriv zedwodeba ndash ldquosqolastikosirdquo

xolo meore mxriv TxzulebaSi gamoyenebuli mravalferovani wyaroebi

saTnoebaTa kibis zogierT wyaroze teqstSive gvxvdeba miniSneba xolo

sxva danarCeni gamovlenilia specialuri samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad

winamdebare paragrafi imdenad aris mniSvnelovani qarTuli

filologiisTvis ramdenadac cxadia rom saTnoebaTa kibis TargmanebiT

Sua saukuneebis qarTveli mkiTxveli ecnoba ara mxolod asketur-

mistikuri Janris brwyinvale Zegls aramed im mravalferovan wyaroebsac

romelsac Txzuleba emyareba

mkvlevar andrei kordoCkins SeniSnuli aqvs rom Cveulebriv

klasikuri wyaroebis gamoyenebisas ioane sineli ase miuTiTebs bdquoΚαigrave θαῦμα

ὄντως πῶς καί Ἑλληνές τι τοιοῦτον ἐφθέγξαντο ἐπεigrave καigrave φιλοσοφίαν τοῦτο εἶναι ὁρίζονται

μελέτην θανάτουldquo (PG Vol 88 797 C) ldquosakAcircrvel ars viTar warmarTaca esreT

sTnda ese vidreRa Tques viTarmed sibrZne AtildesenebaAacute ars sikudilisaAacuterdquo

(sineli 1965 161) ldquoda sakAcircrvel namdAcirclve viTar da ellinTaca eseviTari

raAacuteme aRmoTques vinaAacuteTgan da filosofosobadca amas gansazRvreben

yofad wurTasa sikudilisasardquo (A-39 63v)4 mkvlevris azriT ioane sinelis

zemoTmoyvanili azris wyaroa cnobili pasaJi platonis fedonidan (Pl

Phaed 67e) magram uSvebs SesaZleblobas rom sineli sxva qristiani

4 adgilebs petre gelaTelis Targmanidan am da sxva SemTxvevebSic vimowmebT prof m cincaZis mier kritikulad dadgenili teqstidan (A-39 H-1669) romelic mzaddeba gamosacemad

25

avtorebis klimenti aleqsandrielis (Strom 5 11 67) evsevi kesarielis

(Praep Evangel 11 27 18) grigol nazianzelis (Or 277) evagres (Pract 52)

kirile skviTopolelis (Vita Cyriaci 230) Sromebidan icnobdes platons da

ara uSualod (kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

saTnoebaTa kibe upirveles yovlisa religiuri teqstia da

bunebrivia rom igi gajerebulia citatebiT (masSi xandaxan mTeli

pasaJebia moyvanili) Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebidan qarTuli

TargmanebSi gamoyenebuli bibliuri citatebis wyaros sakiTxi calke

kvlevis sagania aq aRvniSnavT rom prof m cincaZis dakvirvebiT eqvTime

aToneli bibliuri citatebis gamoyenebisas zog SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba

bibliis teqstis qarTul redaqciebs zogjer ki pirdapir sinelis

teqsts Targmnis fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadad

gamoyenebulia a redaqcia (SaniZe 1960) (cincaZe 1965 100-105) rac Seexeba

petre gelaTelis Targmans iv lolaSvilis dakvirvebiT saTnoebaTa

kibis petre gelaTeliseul TargmanSi bibliuri teqstebi damowmebulia

ara giorgi mTawmindelis aramed ioane WimWimelis redaqciidan (petriwi

1968 30) amis sapirispirod prof m cincaZe (Sesabamis faqtobrivi

masalis damowmebiT) Tvlis rom petre gelaTeli bibliur citatebs

misTvis Cveuli akribiiT uSualod berZnuli teqstidan Targmnis xolo

fsalmunis teqstis SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad qarTul g redaqcias (SaniZe

1960) misdevs (cincaZe 1965 100-105)

saTnoebaTa kibeSi gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans Sua saukuneebis

Teologiis Cinebuli codna rogorc aRvniSneT ioane sineli xSirad

Tavadve miuTiTebs wyaroebze ndash avtoritetul qristian avtorebze

origeneze evagre pontoelze igi origenes kicxavs im cnobili

koncefciisTvis (apokatastasisi) romlis mixedviTac saboloo xsna

gadarCena uklebliv yvelasTvis aris SesaZlebeli (PG Vol 88 865A)

ldquovekrZalneT yovelni da ufroAacutes xolo dacemulni rameTu ara

daemkAcircdros gulTa CuenTa uRmrToAacutesa origenes seni rameTu RmrTisa

kacT-moyuarebasa wina-hyofs bilwi igi da Asesawynarebel iqmnebis gemoAacutes-

moyuareTa da udebTa mierrdquo (sineli 1965 151) evagre pontoeli origenes

Tanamoazrea maTi swavleba dagmo 553 wlis msoflio krebam ioane sineli

akritikebs evagre pontoels ukideresi askezisaken mowodebisTvis

26

ldquohgonebda ubadruki da sawyalobeli evagre viTarmed ubrZnes brZenTasa

ars sityAcircTa da gulisAtildemis-yofiTa aramed scTa ugulisAtildemoAacute igi da

ugunurTa uugunures ipova mravalTa zeda saqmeTa da erTad amas zeda

rameTu ityAcircs viTarmed raJams mravalTa sanovageTa mimarT suridis

sulsa Cuensa maSin SevaiwroT igi puriTaca da wyliTa xolo ese msgavs

ars viTarmca vin hrqua mciresa yrmasa viTarmed ldquoerTiTa nabijiTa

aRAtildeed Tavsa kibisasardquo (sineli 1965 227) saTnoebaTa kibis es polemikuri

paTosi logikuria radganac sul raRac erTi saukune Tu iqneba gasuli

553 wlis msoflio krebis Semdeg romelzec dagmes origenesa da evagre

pontoelis swavlebebi miuxedavad amisa sakiTxi jer isev aqtualuria

radgan aleqsandriuli skolis am ori didi warmomadgenlis

Teologiuri swavlebebi sakmaod Zlier gavlenas axdens ara marto maT

Tanamedrove aramed momdevno epoqis qristian moazrovneebzec

safiqrebelia rom swored maTi popularobidan gamomdinare ioane

sineli romelic aseve iyo Tavisi drois uaRresad avtoritetuli

moRvawe upirispirdeba origenesa da evagres swavlebebs ioane sinelis

Sromis polemikur xasiaTze miuTiTebs berZnul xelnawerSi daculi

teqstis erT-erTi saTauric sityva origenes winaaRmdeg (Λόγος κατά

Οριγένους) Tumca am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT samecniero literaturaSi

azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa magaliTad bogdanoviCi fiqrobs rom ldquogonieri

locvisrdquo ioane sineliseuli koncefcia rogorc RvTis wvdomis

erTaderTi saSualeba warmodgenilia evagre pontoelis romelic Tavis

mxriv ganicdida origenes did gavlenas naazrevSi (bogdanoviCi 1978 151)

an kidev miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli evagresa da origenes

misamarTiT polemikur mimarTvebs ar iSurebs is mainc ldquoevagristiardquo (beki

1959 353-354) igi evagres kvaldakval iyenebs evagreseul termins ldquoλογισμόςrdquo

ldquovnebisrdquo mniSvnelobiT (bogdanoviCi 1968 154)

meore mxriv rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT ioane sineli sxvadasxva

mizniT xSirad imowmebs avtoritetul saeklesio moRvaweebs (PG Vol 88

717B) ioane kasianes ndash ldquomorCilebisagan simdable viTarca vTquT da

simdablisagan gankiTxvaAacute viTarca Tqua didman kasiane gankiTxvisa Tavsa

Sinardquo (sineli 1965 111) grigol nazianzelს (PG Vol 88 949A) ndash

27

ldquoromelnime ityAcircan viTarmed cudad-mzuaobrebaAacute da ampartavnebaAacute

ganyofilni arian urTierTas amisTAcircs rvad saxel-sdeben TavTa maT

vnebaTahellip xolo RmrTis-metyueli grigoli da sxuani mravalni kualad

SAcircdad ityAcircan vnebaTa maTrdquo (sineli 1965 301) (PG Vol 88 1064A)

bdquodabadebulni yovelnive ukueTu viTar daibadnes masve bunebasa zeda

arian viTar me xati var RmrTisaAacute da TiAtildeasa amas Tana aRreul var ndash

viTarca ityAcircs didi grigoli RmrTis-metyuelildquo (sineli 1965 420) efrem

asurs (PG Vol 88 1148D) ldquovin moigo amas sawuTrosa pirvel mermisa mis

saukunoAacutesa uvnebelobaAacute da sisrule eseviTari viTar asurman manrdquo

qarTuli Targmanis aSiaze dakonkretebulia ldquomamasa efrems ityAcircsrdquo

(sineli 1965 504)

rogorc Aandrei kordoCkini miuTiTebs ioane sineli aseve

sargeblobs apofTegmebiT ldquonu daiviwyeb yovelTa dReTa cxorebisa

SenisaTa moRuawesa mas didsa romelsa aTvrametsa welsa ara esma

moZRurisagan AtildeorcieliTa sasmeneliTa Tu cxovndi xolo SinaganTa maT

yurTa maradRe esmoda uflisagan araTu cxondi rameTu ese sityuaAacute ars

locvisa da ucnauri aramed esreT esmoda viTarmed scxondi romeli ese

ganCinebuli ars da mtkiceAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 111 PG Vol 88 717C Sdr alph John

the Theban) ldquoyovladve aravisTAcircs jer-ars raAacuteTamca locvasa Sina saqmesa

iqmoda rameTu ese keTilad guaswava angelozman man romeli netarisa

antonisa moida rameTu iqmn AtildeelT-saqmarsa da merme aRdis locvadrdquo

(sineli 1965 291 PG Vol 88 937D Sdr alph Anthony 1) bdquoicis Tqmuli ese man

romeli pirvel kanjarTa ubrZanebda da erCdes mas xolo ukunaAacutesknel

sulTa ganmrxwnelTa maT kanjarTa mier eSmakTa damorCilebuli da

mokicxul iqmna da romel-igi zecisa puriTa izardeboda xolo

ukuanaAacutesknel keTilisa misgan gamoeAtildeua da sakAcircrveli ese ars romel

Semdgomad sinanulad moslvisa misisa ityoda mwuxarebiT da simwariT

winamZRuari Cueni antoni viTarmed ndash didi sueti daecao xolo saxe

dacemisa misisaAacute dafara yovlad brZenman man rameTu icoda viTarmed-

siZvaAacute iyo AtildeorciTa da Tacircnier sxAcircsa AtildeorcTa Sexebisaldquo (sineli 1965 248

PG Vol 88 885C Sdr alph Anthony 14) ldquosaxed locvisa gaqundin qurivi igi

Wirveuli mosajulisagan misisa xolo saxe dayudebisa ars didi igi da

28

angelozTa swori dayudebuli arsenirdquo (sineli 1965 474 PG Vol 88 1112D

Sdr alph Arsenius 7 2544) teqstis qarTveli mTargmnelebi rogorc ukve

vnaxeT zog SemTxvevaSi roca amis saWiroebas xedaven metateqstis

saSualebiT azusteben informacias5 ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena megAcircptelman man

romelman Tqua viTarmed ara meSinis uflisaganrdquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol

88 1148D Sdr alph Anthony 32) aSiaze miweril SeniSvnaSi ndash ldquomamasa antonis

ityAcircsrdquo igulisxmeba anton didi rogorc anton kaTalikosi azustebs

Tavis redaqciaSi SeniSvnis saxiT an kidev ldquouvnebelobaAacute aCuena

romelman-igi iloca raAacuteTamca miiqces vnebani misdave da hbrZodes masrdquo

aSiaze minaweri ldquoiovanes ityAcircs moklesardquo (sineli 1965 504 PG Vol 88 1148D

Sdr Alph John the Dwarf 13) ldquoesreT iyo romelman ndash igi puri da yveli

Atildeelad miiRo (zogierT nusxaSi aRniSnul sityvas axlavs SeniSvna

ldquoserapionrdquo ndash m c ndash miTiTeba amba serapionze ndash i m) da dajda karTa zeda

TAcircsTa gardarTxmiT Zelsa zeda da aCuena man eseviTari simdable da

kualad sxuaman man muSakman siwmidisaman romelman samoseli TAcircsi

aRiZarcua da vidoda uvnebelad qalaqsa Sinardquo (sineli 1965 360 PG Vol 88

997C Sdr Historia Lausiaca 3716) ndash paladi helenepoleli ndash lavsaikoni

(kordoCkini 2003 20-21)

sxva pirdapiri miniSneba uSualo wyaroebze teqstSi ar gvxvdeba

amitom maTi gamovlena aris erT-erTi principuli sakiTxi saTnoebaTa

kibis kvlevis procesSi da amdenad igi sagangebo Seswavlis sagnad iqca

kerZod kalistos ueari swavlobda markoz monazonis Sromebis gavlenas

ioane sinelis teqstze (sakiTxi Seswavlilia sadisertacio naSromis

farglebSi romelic samwuxarod ar aris gamoqveynebuli) (ueari 1965 458-

459) folkeri amtkicebs rom ipova asamde msgavsi pasaJi saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstsa da Razeli mamebis barsanofes ioane Razelis da doreTe

Razelis Sromebs Soris (folkeri 1968 V7) d bogdanoviCi amba isaias

gavlenas xedavs (bogdanoviCi 1968 156-157) saTnoebaTa kibis Semdeg

pasaJSi ldquoviTarca SeuZlebel ars erTiTa TualiTa zecad xedvad da

meoriTa queyanad egreTve SeuZlebel ars Tumca ara evno sulsa romeli

5 SesaZloa ioane sineli imowmebdes im periodis qarTuli saazrovno sivrcisTvis naklebad cnobil moRvawes azrs an naklebad cnobil biografiul detals misi cxovrebidan

29

ara ucxo iqmnes srulad TacircsTagan gonebiTa anu Atildeorcieladrdquo (sineli 1965

51 PG Vol 88 668D Sdr Abba Isaiah Ascet151) (kordoCkini 2003 22) imave

bogdanoviCis azriT urisxvelobis morCilebisa da sulieri winamZRvris

mniSvnelobaze msjelobisas saTnoebaTa kibeSi igrZnoba amba barsanufis

gavlena (bogdanoviCi 1968 156) saTnoebaTa kibeSi bevri pirdapiri citata

da fraza gvxvdeba nilos sinelis Sromebidanac (buxvaldi 1982 400) aseve

saubroben ioane sinelis Sromaze ioane mosxis cnobili Txzulebis

limonaris gavlenazec es gavlena gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba 26-e sityvaSi

gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) (proxorovi 1985

254)

cnobilia rom Sua saukuneebis teqstis wyaroebis kvlevas

arTulebs medievisturi msoflmxedvelobis monoliTuroba xSir

SemTxvevaSi rTulia imis dadgena uSualo gavlenasTan gvaqvs saqme Tu

saerTო tradiciasTan (kordoCkini 2003 21-22) amdenad epoqis specifikidan

gamomdinare (Temebis interesebis tradiciebis msoflmxedvelobis

mTlianoba) rTulia sasuliero xasiaTis teqstis wyaroebis zusti

identifikacia samecniero kvlevebis Sedegad gamovlenil saTnoebaTa

kibis zemoT miTiTebuli wyaroebis garda yuradRebas SevaCerebT kidev

or Cveni azriT sainterso monakveTze romelsac SesaZloa safuZvlad

edos ioane sinelis epoqisTvis kargad cnobili da popularuli

antikuri da neoplatonuri koncefciebi cxadia am SemTxvevaSic

saorWofoa saubari imaze sargeblobs Tu ara sineli uSualod

pirvelwyarodan dasaSvebia Sualeduri teqstis arseboba reminiscencia

an tipologiuri msgavseba magram arc is aris gamoricxuli rom saqme

gvqondes uSualo gavlenasTan miT umetes rom ioane sineli Rrmad

ganaTlebuli saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiur sakiTxebSi kargad

Caxeduli mweralia

saTnoebaTa kibis 26-e safexurSi gankiTxvisaTAcircs da gulisAtildemis-

yofisaTAcircs (Περί διακρίσεως) vkiTxulobT ldquoraJams orni borotni moiwivnen

jer-ars udaresisa gamorCevaAacute viTar-igi vdgiT raAacute locvasa Sina da

movidis ZmaAacute vinme da erTisa orTaganisa qmnaAacute Tana-guedvis anu datevebaAacute

locvisaAacute anu ara xilvaAacute Zmisa mis da SewuxebaAacute misi maSin ukue

30

gulisAtildema-vyoT viTarmed uaRres da uzeSTaes ars siyuaruli locvisasa

rameTu locvaAacute TaviT TacircsiT oden erTi saTnoebaAacute ars xolo siyuaruli

Semkrebeli ars yovelTa saTnoebaTaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 396) ori borotebidan

naklebi borotebis arCeva momdinareobs cnobili miTologemidan

ldquoscilasa da qaribdas Sorisrdquo gavla romelic ukavSirdeba odisevsis

mogzaurobas odisevsi irCevs scilasTan axlos gavlas rogorc ori

borotebidan ufro naklebs man am arCevanis gamo dakarga eqvsi

Tanamgzavri Tumca xomaldi gadaarCina daRupvas rac qaribdasTan

axlos gavlis SemTxvevaSi emuqreboda es azri aqtiurad cirkulirebs

antikur filosofiaSic kerZod dialogSi protagora platoni ambobs

rom Tuki adamians aqvs arCevani or borotebas Soris igi ar airCevs

ufro did borotebas roca aris naklebi borotebis arCevis saSualeba

ἔστι τοῦτο ὡς ἔοικεν ἐν ἀνθρώπου φύσει ἐπὶ ἃ οἴεται κακὰ εἶναι ἐθέλειν ἰέναι ἀντὶ τῶν

ἀγαθῶν ὅταν τε ἀναγκασθῇ δυοῖν κακοῖν τὸ ἕτερον αἱρεῖσθαι οὐδεὶς τὸ μεῖζον αἱρήσεται ἐξὸν

τὸ ἔλαττον (Plat Prot 358cd) es azri aristotelesTanac gaielvebs erTgan

Tumca ara ise mkveTrad rogorc platonisa da ioane sinelis teqstebSi

miuxedavad imisa rom aristotele nikomaqes eTikaSi dasaSvebad miiCnevs

saSuals or ukiduresobas Soris romelTac igi borotebad ganixilavs

filosofosi ganmartavs rom amgvari saSualis migneba adamianisTvis did

siZnelesTan aris dakavSirebuli amitom ldquovinc Suisken iswrafvis is

pirvel yovlisa rac SeiZleba metad unda daSordes kidur mxareebs

rogorc kalifsoc gvirCevs ldquomoaride gemi qafsa da talRasrdquo

mopirdapire mxareebidan erTi ufro metad aris mcdari meore ndash

naklebad SuaSi moxvedra ki Zalian Znelia amitom ambobs is rom meored

curvisas unda SearCio naklebad cudi gzardquo (arist nikom eTik 1109a) es

konceptualuri xazi grZeldeba vefxistyaosanSic vgulisxmob sasiZos

mokvlis epizods romelic swored aristoteles koncefciis WrilSi

aqvs gaanalizebuli profesor elguja xinTibiZes (xinTibiZe 2009 409-410)

aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom aristoteles saSualze msjelobisas

mkvlevari imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibis ioane petriwiseuli redaqciidan

Semdeg originalur strofebs

ldquoumankosa hrwamn yovelive simSvidiT

moiTmens igi satkivarsa yovelsa

31

moyusisa mimarT tkbil ars da saxierca

mdabal da maRal saSualsa zeda myof (238)

romelman Zalni gonierad keTilad

sazomsa zeda ipyrnes saSualobiT

ar midrkebodes marjul gina marcxeniT

aras ivnebdes moRuawe moiTmendes

mas ewodebis uvnebel sakuTrebiT (287)rdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saTnoebaTa kibis qarTvel avtors eTikur

saTnoebebze msjelobisas yoveli saTnoebis umaRles kategoriad swored

ldquosaSualirdquo miaCnia (citirebuli konteqstis berZnuli teqstis Sesabamis

adgilebSi ldquosaSualzerdquo saubari ar Cans) (xinTibiZe 2009 394) SesaZloa

zemoT citirebul strofebs prozauli Targmanis Sesabamis TavSi

uSualo wyaro ar eZebnebodes magram Sua saukuneebis es cnobili

koncefcia ioane sinelis teqstisTvis aSkarad nacnobia miT ufro rom

aRniSnuli Teza popularulia Sua saukuneebisa da Semdegi periodis

filosofiaSic (Toma aqvineli da misi mimdevrebi imanuel kanti da sxva)

zemoT warmodgenili Sexeduleba ioane sinels gamoarCevs

rogorc erT-erT yvelaze liberal qristian avtors Tumca am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxva mosazrebebic magaliTad j meiendorfi

fiqrobs rom ioane sineli moiTxovs asketizmis eqtremalur formas

Tavisi mkiTxvelisgan rac aSkarad miuTiTebs origenistul

spiritualizmze (meiendorfi 1974 70) mkiTxvelTa da mkvlevarTa

gansakuTrebul gaocebas iwveves saTnoebaTa kibis mexuTe Tavi sadac

ioane sineli aRwers gansakuTrebuli savanis dilegis momnanie mkvidrTa

yofas (PG vol 88 772AB) ldquome vixilen Zmano maT Tana muvAtildelni

dakanebulni simravlisagan muAtildelT-drekisa da Tualni maTni Semwuar

iyvnes cremlTa da siRrmed mTasrul iyvnes da Tmani maTni daefxurnes

da Rawuni maTni daebZarnes da moewylnes simravlesa mAtildeurvaleTa maT

cremlTasa da pirni maTni damdnar iyvnes da dayAcircTlebul araraAacuteTa

ganyofil iyvnes mkudarTagan da mkerdni maTni moewylnes cemiTa da

sisxlsa mtknarsa warmohyrides zedaAacuteszeda cemiTa mkerdTaAacutesardquo (sineli

1965 136) mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini teqstis am monakveTis Sesaxeb

ambobs ndash Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis saTnoebaTa kibis pasaJebi momnanie

32

berebis cxovrebidan SeiZleba ufro gavdes sakoncentracio banaks

vidre qristianul institucias Tumca iqve svams kiTxvas ndash ratom rTavs

sineli am pasaJebs teqstSi igi aranair miniSnebas ar gvaZlevs imis

Sesaxeb rom Tavis mkiTxvels mouwodebdes amgvari sinanulisken

(kordoCkini 2003 52) mkvlevari marTebulad SeniSnavs rom ioane sineli

monanulTa savanis mkvidrTa cxovrebas aRwers ara rogorc asketuri

cxovrebis idealur formas aramed rogorc ukompromiso siyvarulis

magaliTs es epizodi deskripciulia avtori ki ar Txzavs aramed

mogviTxrobs imas rac naxa da ramac gaaoca miT umetes moulodnelia

ioane sinelisgan asketizmis eqstremaluri formebis qadageba maSin roca

teqstis sxva nawilebSi igi gamoirCeva liberaluri damokidebulebiT

sxvadasxva principuli sakiTxisadmi ioane sinelis liberaluri

Sexedulebebis sailustraciod mravali magaliTis moxmobac SeiZleba

maT Soris erT-erT TvalsaCino msjelobas warmoadgens tyuilisadmi

miZRvnili Tavidan Semdegi monakveTi ldquoviTarca yovelTa vnebaTa zeda

ganyofilebani arian sasjelTani egreTve tyuilisaTAcircs rameTu sxuaAacute

sasjeli ars misi romelman SiSsaTAcircs tanjAcircsa tyua da sxua ars misi

romelman Tacircnier Wirisa raAacutesame qmna igi uSiSoebiTa RmrTisaAacuteTa sxuaman

tyua sazrdelisaTAcircs da sxuaman gemoTmoyuarebisaTAcircs da sxuaman raAacuteTa

mis Tana myofTa sicili moatyuas da sxuaman ndash raAacuteTa Zmasa Tacircssa boroti

uyosrdquo (sineli 1965 218) ioane sinels miaCnia rom RvTiuri kanonebis

darRvevisTvis sasjelis SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba amgvari

qcevis mizezebi

CemTvis saintereso meore epizodi ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis

imave 26-e safexurSi gvxvdeba bdquovnebaAacute da boroti bunebiTi bunebasa Sina

Cuensa ara dabadebul ars rameTu araTu vnebaTa dambadebeli ars

RmerTi aramed ufroAacutesad saTnoebani daebadnes mis mier Cuen Soris

rameTu mowyalebaAacute bunebiTi ars Cuen Tana amisTAcircsca warmarTnica

swyaloben kacsa da siyuaruli bunebiTi ars rameTu pirutyunica

mwuxare iqmnebian urTierTas ganSorebisaTAcircsldquo (sineli 1965 394)

citirebuli pasaJi gvTavazobs cnobil neoplatonur koncefcias imis

Sesaxeb rom boroteba RmerTisgan ar momdinareobs Sesabamisad igi

adamianuri bunebisTvis araorganulia RvTisgan Seqmnili yvela arseba

33

dasabamidanve sikeTesTan aris naziarebi swored amitom warmarTebic ki

swyalobdnen adamianebs radgan sikeTe siyvaruli mowyaleba adamianis

arsisTvis ufro bunebrivia es Sua saukuneebis azrovnebaSi popularuli

Teologiuri debuleba romelic konceftualurad daamuSava fsevdo

dionise areopagelma erTi ZiriTadi Tezaa SoTa rusTavelis

vefxistyaosnis bdquoRmerTi kargsa moavlinebs av-borotsa ar dahbadebsrdquo

(str 1491)6 iv lolaSvili ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

originalur nawilze dayrdnobiT msjelobs ioane petriwis

msoflmxedvelobisa (prokle diadoxosis kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTnis

Targmanze darTuli komentarebis mixedviT) da saTnoebaTa kibeSi

asaxuli filosofiuri koncefciebis msgavsebaze mkvlevari imowmebs

saTnoebaTa kibis originaluri nawilidan azrs romelic ldquoSezavebulia

areopagituli TeoriiT keTilisa da borotis Sesaxebrdquo ndash erTi (RmerTi)

aris keTiloba yvelafris mizezi yvelafris dasabami da warmomSobi

(lolaSvili 1968 139-140)

ldquogonebisagan sityua iSobebis da

xolo amisi dasabami keTil ars

vinaAacuteTgan sxuaTa cxovelebrivTa sulTa

ZalTa yovelTa zeda-mdgom ars da uZRvis

keTilisadmi marTebs da ganawesebsrdquo (str 1057)

citirebul strofSi araferia naTqvami iseTi rac organuli ar

aris ioane sinelis msoflmxedvelobisTvis amis sailustraciod ioane

sinelis teqstidan bevri adgilis damowmebaa SesaZlebeli erT maTganze

zemoT ukve visaubreT xolo aq msjelobas davasruleb saTnoebaTa kibis

pirvelive Tavis dasawyisiT ris gamoc ioane sineli zogierT mecniers

miuxedavad origenes araerTgzis pirdapiri kritikisa misi moZRvrebis

(apokaTastasisis) gamziarebladac ki miaCnia (kordoCkini 2003 27)

ldquoyovelTa romelTa enebos da eZiebden RmerTsa epoebis maT rameTu igi

ars yovelTa RmerTi da yovelTa cxorebaAacute urwmunoTa da morwmuneTaAacute

marTalTaAacute da codvilTaAacute uvnebelTa da vnebulTaAacute RmrTis-msaxurTaAacute da

6 adgilebs vefxistyaosnidan disertaciis am da sxva nawilSic vimowmebT ak SaniZis 1966 wlis gamocmidan 7 citatebs vimowmbT iv lolaSvilis mier gamocemuli teqstidan (petriwi 1968)

34

usjuloTaAacute erisaganTaAacute da monazonTaAacute brZenTaAacute da uswavlelTaAacute

mrTelTaAacute da uZlurTaAacute WabukTa da moxucebulTaAacute viTarca sivrc

naTlisaAacute da xilvaAacute mzisaAacute da bunebaAacute haerisaAacute yovelTa zeda ars

egreTve igi ars yovelTa cxorebaAacute da amis yovlisa momcemeli da

romelnica eZiebden epoebis maT rameTu ara arc SecvalebaAacute arca

TualT-RebaAacute mis Tana arca winaSe RmrTisardquo (sineli 1965 20)

amrigad ioane sineli uaRresad ganaTlebuli RvTismetyvelia

romelic kargad icnobs Tavisi epoqisTvis aqtualur filosofiur da

Teologiur koncefciebs teqstSi patristikuli literaturisa da

bibliis gverdiT Cans antikuri filosofiis codnac amdenad klemaqsis

TargmniT qarTul saazrovno sivrceSi Semodis aramarto epoqis

umniSvnelovanesi Zegli aramed masSi gamoyenebuli mniSvnelovani

medievaluri wyaroebic

35

amp 3 saTnoebaTa kibis gavlena momdevno epoqis literaturaze

saTnoebaTa kibem didi gavlena moaxdina mTels Semdegdroindel

bizantiur kulturaze evropul samecniero literaturaSi

argumentirebuli kvlevebiT dadgenilia rom ioane sinelis teqstis

uSualo gavlenas ganicdis Sua saukunis araerTi cnobili mwerali Tu

moazrovne kerZod isixi sineli ndash ioane sinelis erT-erTi pirveli

mowafe sinas mTis iRumeni romelic araerTgzis sityvasityviT moixmobs

citatebs saTnoebaTa kibidan (beki 1959 164-165) filoTeos sineli

romelic aseve xSirad mimarTavs saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts anastasi

sineli Tavis mTavar SromaSi kiTxva-migebaAacute araerTgzis iyenebs

saTnoebaTa kibes da kibis simbolosac (bogdanoviCi 1968 159-160)

saTnoebaTa kibe popularuli iyo studiis samonastro wreSic cnobili

moRvawe Teodore studieli erT-erT locvaSi ioane sinels moixseniebs

rogorc ldquobrZen mamasrdquo (bogdanoviCi 1968 160) pirdapiri gavlena moaxdina

saTnoebaTa kibem gansakuTrebiT ki 27-e sityvam dayudebisaTAcircs da

ganSorebisa da dacvisaTAcircs gonebisa (Περί ησυχίας) svimeon axal

RvTismetyvelze (beki 1959 585) romelic misi biografis nikita

stiTatis gadmocemiT jer isev siyrmeSi studiis monasterSi

misvlisTanave gaecno ioane sinelis Txzulebas xolo mis SromebSi

bibliis Semdeg yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba citatebi saTnoebaTa kibidan

(folkeri 1968 315-327) saTnoebaTa kibis didi gavlena igrZnoba aseve

bizantiuri himnografiis cnobil Zeglze andria kritelis did kanonze

(proxorovi 1985 256)

saTnoebaTa kibis kvali Cans SedarebiT gviandeli (XIV s) epoqis

gamorCeuli moRvaweebis grigol sinelisa da grigol palamas (XIII-XIV

ss) TxzulebebSic grigol sinels Tavadac Seudgenia teqsti romelsac

safexureobrivi struqtura hqonda xolo grigol palama gansakuTrebiT

xSirad imowmebs saTnoebaTa kibes (bogdanoviCi 1968 168-172)

sasuliero literaturis garda rusi literaturaTmcodneebi

saTnoebaTa kibis kvals xedaven XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis Teodor

dostoevskisa da nikoloz gogolis SemoqmedebaSi cnobilia rom

36

dostoevskis Tan dahqonda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti da iwerda misTvis

saintereso adgilebs am gavlenis kvali yvelaze TvalsaCinoa romanSi

Zmebi karamazovebi gogolis Sinelis mTavari personaJis akakis

prototipad ki swored saTnoebaTa kibis აmave saxelis mqone personaJi

akaki miaCniaT (Кордочкин 2011)

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna Sua saukuneebis teqstSi wyarosa da

gavlenis dadgena Tuki nawarmoebSive ar gvaqvs amaze pirdapiri miTiTeba

uaRresad rTulia aRvniSneT mizezic Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturuli tradiciisa da epoqis azrovnebis mTlianoba

monoliTuroba amis miuxedavad SevecdebiT visaubroT saTnoebaTa kibis

mimarTebaze SoTa rusTavelis vefxistyaosanTan aRniSnuli

mimarTulebiT kvlevas specialur literaturaSi garkveuli tradicia

aqvs kerZod iv lolaSvils mohyavs erTi strofi ioane petriwiseuli

galeqsili variantidan

ldquowinamdebare ese ganigone Sen

dumilisa gzad dafarulad gonebad

xolo enisa metyvelebad da cxadad

warmomCenelad gulisaTa vinaAacuteTgan

sjobs saqme uAtildemo sityuasa usaqmosardquo (str 195)

petriwis es qristianul-Teologiuri Sexeduleba mkvlevris azriT

emsgavseba vefxistyaosnis cnobil taepebs ldquogagicxada damaluli

gonebaman dafarulmardquo da ldquobolos asre gaacxadna gonebaman dafarulnirdquo

orivegan ldquogonebardquo da ldquodafaruli gonebardquo aris RmerTi poemis gmirebi

eZeben nestans da ai RmerTma apovnina is qajeTis cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli

amiT man gaacxada is didi saidumlo romlis gamJRavnebiT ldquoborotsa

sZlia keTilmanrdquo termini ldquodafaruli gonebardquo nasesxebia qristianuli

filosofiuri Sromebidan da SeiZleba poeti am SemTxvevaSi saTnoebaTa

kibiTac iyos STagonebuli (petriwi 1968 140)

rusTvelis teqstsa da saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseul

Targmans Soris gvxvdeba leqsikuri Tanxvedrebic rac sagangebod aqvs

aRniSnuli m baramiZes bdquoZveli qarTuli enis leqsikonebSi ar Cans petre

gelaTeliseuli Targmanis rdquomicilebardquo rdquoSecilebardquo daviwyebis

37

mniSvnelobiT sainteresoa rom ldquomicilebardquo am mniSvnelobiT aris

vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoar miscildebis TinaTin misi mas visgan swvav alirdquo

ldquorad davviwydi rad mivscildirdquo

aseve petre gelaTelis redaqciis zedsarTavis ndash rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da

misgan nawarmoebi zmnizedis - rdquouWrelodrdquo mniSvneloba konteqstiTa da

eqvTimes Targmanis mixedviTac aris marTali namdvili namdvilad

marTla erTgulad rdquouWreloAacuterdquo da rdquouWrelodrdquo Targmania berZnuli

teqstis sityvebisa αποικιλος da αποικιλως (PG vol 88 1001C) romlis aTi

mniSvnelobidan erT-erTi (mecxre) aris gaqnili eSmaki cbieri mzakvari

wyaroseuli αποικιλος (uWrelo) da αποικιλως (uWrelod) Wrelis (ποικιλος) da

Wrelad (ποικιλως) sityvebis sapirispiro mniSvnelobisaa am leqsikur

erTeulebsac paraleli eZebnebaT vefxistyaosanSi

rdquoradmca ra vhkadre mefesa Txroba rasaca Wrelisardquo

rdquoymaman uTxra momismine marTlad giTxrob ara Wreladrdquo

konteqstiT kargad Cans rom ldquoWrelirdquo ldquoWreladrdquo ldquomarTlisrdquo

ldquomarTladrdquo mniSvnelobis sapirispiroa ara Wrelad mniSvnelobiT igivea

rac saTnoebaTa kibis petre gelaTeliseuli Targmanis uWrelodrdquo

mkvlevari SeniSnavs rom saintereso Sedegs mogvcems ori Zeglis am

mimarTulebiT Seswavlis gagrZeleba (baramiZe 2013 52-53)

garda zemoT dasaxelebuli leqsikuri Tu terminologiuri

msgavsebisa vefxistyaosansa da saTnoebaTa kibeSi gvxvdeba saerTo

koncefciebic amjerad yuradRebas mxolod or maTganze gavamaxvileb

rusTvelis mier Camoyalibebuli Teologiuri debuleba `SiSi

Seiqms siyvarulsa~ (10454) romelsac avtori mociquls miawers

`marTlad ityvis mociqulirdquo (10454) mecnierTa msjelobisa da kamaTis

sagnad qceula prof e xinTibiZe am debulebis wyarod ioanes pirveli

epistoles IV Tavs miiCnevs ldquoioanes pirveli epistoles IV Tavi

siyvarulis apologiaa swored aq gaSlis mociquli ioane qristianuli

Teosofiis ZiriTad Tezas `RmerTi siyvaruli ars~ (1 in 48) da rom

RmerTis siyvarulis gamovlenis forma moyvasis siyvarulia `RmerTi

arasada vis uxilavs ukueTu viyuarebodiT urTierTas RmerTi Cuen

Soris hgies da siyuaruli misi Cuen Soris aRsrulebul ars~ (I in 412)

38

swored am konteqstSi gviqadagebs ioane mociquli rom am didi

WeSmaritebis SecnobiT aResruleba CvenSi siyvaruli da siyvarulSi ki

aRar aris SiSi ndash giorgi mTawmidelis Targmani `16 da Cuen vcanT da

gurwmena siyuaruli romeli aqus RmerTsa Cuenda momarT RmerTi

siyuaruli ars da romeli egos siyuarulsa zeda RmerTi mis Tana hgies

da igi RmrTisa Tana 17 amiT aRsrulebul ars siyuaruli Cuen Soris

raAacuteTa gancxadebulebaAacute guaqundes dResa mas sasjelisasa rameTu

viTarca igi iyo da Cuenca varT sofelsa amas Sina 18 SiSi ara ars

siyuarulsa Tana aramed srulman siyuarulman gare gandevnis SiSi

rameTu SiSsa tanjvaAacute aqus xolo moSiSi igi ara srul ars siyuarulsa

zedardquo (xinTibiZe 2009 352-353) mkvlevari aseve miuTiTebs rusTvelis

winamorbed patristikul literaturaze kerZod ki grigol didis

dialoRonis eqvTime aToneliseul Targmanze sadac aseve Cans saubari

sulis SiSisagan siyvarulze gadasvlis Taobaze ldquomravalsaxed

ganiyofebis lmobierebaAacute da wesi cremlTa maTTa romelni mAtildeurvaliTa

guliTa inanden codvaTa maTTa amisTAcircs viTarca pirisagan monanulTasa

ityAcircs winawarmetyueli ieremia ganyofani wyalTani gamoecnes TualTa

CemTa aw ukue sacnaur ars viTarmed daRacaTu mravali ars saxe

cremlTaAacute aramed Tavni saxeni orni arian rameTu odes sulsa surodis

RmrTisa pirvel SiSisagan movlen cremlni da merme siyuarulisagan

rameTu pirvelad tirs monanuli da iglovs AtildesenebiTa codvaTa TacircsTaAacuteTa

da eSinis nuukue saukuneTa maT satanjvelTa mieces xolo odes amiT

wesiTa friad warematos merme SiSi igi moakldebis da iqmnebis RmrTisa

mier gulsavsebaAacute Sendobisa codvaTa misTa da merme movals sulsa mas

zeda siyuaruli RmrTisaAacute da survili sasufevelisa caTaAacutesa da romeli

igi pirvel tiroda SiSisaTAcircs satanjvelTasa ukanaAacutesknel tirs romel

Soravn sasufevlisagan rameTu ganicdin da gamoisaxavn gonebaAacute viTarni

arian mAtildeedrobani angelozTani da rabam arian brwyinvalebani da

Suenierebani maTni da raAacute sawadel ars maT Tana yofaAacute da Tu viTarni

arian saSuebelni wmindaTa mowameTa da mamaTani amisgan kualad miiwevis

gonebaAacute Atildesenebad da survilad didebisa RmrTisa da gonebn Tu viTar

miefinebis angelozTaA zeda da wmidaTa naTeli pirisa misisaAacute amaT

eseviTarTa keTilTa raAacute igonebn diodian TualTagan misTa mdinareni

39

cremlTani da Tu vin Sors ars maT keTilTagan esreT ukue iqnebis

sruli igi lmobierebaAacute da WeSmariti igi gloaAacute SiSisagan siyuarulad

miavlens sulsa mas da amas gamosaxavs werili saxismetyuelebiT~ (ix

xelnaweri A-121 furc 108-110 soxaZe 2002 52-53) (xinTibiZe 2009 354-355)

rusTvelamdeli patristikuli literaturidan zemoT dasaxelebul

wyaros sadac SiSi da siyvaruli gverdigverd aris moTavsebuli

SegviZlia davumatoT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibec

vefxistyaosniseuli Teologiuri debuleba SiSis siyvarulad

transformirebis Sesaxeb ioane sinelis teqstis imdenad bevr konteqstSi

iCens Tavs rom am teqstis mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini sadisertacio

naSromSi sagangebod uZRvnis calke Tavs am sakiTxs Fear and love (SiSi da

siyvaruli) (kordoCkini 2003 259) mas mohyavs Sesabamisi damowmebani

saTnoebaTa kibidan ldquoaRorZinebaAacute SiSisa RmrTisaAacute ars dasabami

siyuarulisaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 515 PGvol88 1157C) SiSi pirdapir kavSirSia

siyvarulTan ldquoraoden siyvaruli daakldebodis SiSi ganmravldebisrdquo

(sineli 1965 511 PG Vol 88 1156B) radgan SiSi SeiZleba iqces erTgvar

winapirobad siyvarulisTvis ldquoromelman SiSisagan satanjvelTaAacutesa yos

sofliT gamoslvaAacute misi mravalgzis cecxlsa STagdebulsa sakumevelsa

miemsgavsis romelman pirvelad iwyis sulnelebad da ukuanaAacutesknel

gardaiqcis kuamladrdquo (sineli 1965 26 PG Vol 88 637A) ioane sineli

saubrobs ra momnanie berebze romelTac xorcieli erosi gardaqmnes

sulier siyvarulad askvnis ldquoyovelsave SiSsa meyseulad Tana-warhAtildedes

da siyvarulad RmrTisa miiwivnesrdquo (sineli 1965 145 PG Vol 88 777A)

vfiqrobT dasaxelebuli pasaJebi qmnis naTel warmodgenas SiSi-

siyvarulis monacvleobis ioane sineliseul aRqmaze amgvari adgilebi

teqstSi bevria andrei kordoCkini asaxelebs Sua saukuneebis avtorebs

romelTa SemoqmedebaSic ikveTeba es Teologiuri debuleba eseni arian

origene antoni didi (ldquome aRar meSinia RmerTis radganac me miyvars igirdquo

ndash Apophthegmata Alph Anthony 32) makari egvipteli maqsime aRmsarebeli

romelic SiSsa da imeds ukavSirebs asketuri moRvaweobis pirvel etaps

ndash praqsiss xolo siyvaruls ufro maRal safexurs ndash xedvas Teorias

(kordoCkini 2003 261) vfiqrobT amgvaradve esmis ioane sinels SiSi-

siyvarulis dinamika andrei kordoCkinis SeniSvniT ioane sineli

40

yovelTvis ar akonkretebs saubrobs sasjelis SiSze Tu RvTis SiSze

magram erTi ram cxadia ndash SiSis mdgomareoba yovelTvis win uswrebs

siyvarulis mdgomareobas xolo es ukanaskneli aris STagoneba misTvis

(kordoCkini 2009 263)

amgvarad rusTveliseuli debulebis ldquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

prof elguja xinTibiZis mier gamovlenil wyaros grigol didis

dialoRons Cveni mxriv davumatebT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibes

romelic aseve iqneboda xelmisawvdomi vefxistyaosnis avtorisTvis

zemoT warmodgenil mosazrebas saTnoebaTa kibisa da

vefxistyaosnis calkeuli pasaJebis msgavsebasTan dakavSirebiT kidev

erTs SevmatebT da sakiTxis ukeT gamosakveTad msjelobas cota Soridan

daviwyebT

sulisa da sxeulis interaqciis sakiTxi erT-erTi ZiriTadi

problemaa romelzec msjelobs TiTqmis yvela filosofiuri

mimdinareoba da sxvadasxva religiuri sistema sakiTxi aqtualuria

rogorc antikur filosofiur saazrovno sivrceSi ise Sua saukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi Sesabamisad droTa ganmavlobaSi

Camoyalibda gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi da Teoriebi winamdebare

paragrafSi sakiTxis literaturul-filosofiuri tradiciis

gaTvaliswinebiT ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibis erT pasaJs

davasaxelebT vefxistyaosnis erT-erT SesaZlo wyarod vefxistyaosnis

CemTvis saintereso gansaxilveli taepis avtoria nawarmoebis erT-erTi

mTavari gmiri _ avTandili megobris dasaxmareblad mimavali avTandili

tovebs anderZs sadac Tavisi saqcielis gasamarTleblad ambobs rom is

ver uRalatebs ver moatyuebs WirSi Cavardnil moyvares radganac

rdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsardquo (st 791)

uSualod sakvlev Temaze gadasvlamde oriode sityviT SevexebiT

sulis Sesaxeb antikur Teoriebsa da sulisa da sxeulis

urTierTmimarTebis problemas Cv w aR-mde V saukunis bolos antikur

saberZneTSi suli gaigeba rogorc cocxali qmnilebebis ganmasxvavebeli

niSani romelsac SeiZleba hqonoda emocia pasuxismgeblobisa da

praqtikuli azrovnebis unari suli matarebelia iseTi saTnoebebis

rogoricaa simamace da samarTlianoba antikuri azrovneba sulis ideas

41

ganixilavs Zalian farTod rogorc cocxali organizmis yvelanair

moqmedebas es koncefcia yvelaze amomwuravad aisaxa aristoteles

filosofiaSi

heraklites azriT suli sxeulebrivia Sezavebuli

araCveulebrivad kargi da iSviaTi saxeobis materiisgan sulis amgvari

sxeulebrivi xedva erTgvarad xsnida sulsa da sxeuls Soris

urTierTobis problemas _ isini ar moiazreboda erTmaniTisgan

radikalurad gansxvavebul kategoriebad

platonis mixedviT suli aris kognituri da inteleqtualuri

suli aris is rac msjelobs fiqrobs da rac aregulirebs da

akontrolebs sxeulsa da mis survilebs gansakuTrebiT Tu es brZeni

sulia igi moicavs iseT Tvisebebs rogoricaa moTmineba samarTlianoba

simamace platons sulis arsi orgvarad esmis rogorc ganmasxvavebeli

moZravis da uZravis da rogorc pasuxismgebeli adamianis ara yvela

mentalur da fsiqologiur qmedebaze aramed mxolod mis garkveul

nawilze

fedonSi sokrate bevr Tvisebas miawers ara suls aramed sxeuls

magaliTad crurwmenas siamovnebas (Pl Phaed 83d) aseve survils da SiSs

(Pl Phaed 94d) sulis funqciaa sxeulis amgvari miswrafebebis

regulacia da kontroli imave dros suli ar aris mxolod

inteleqtualuri radgan mas aqvs aseve survilebi (Pl Phaed 81d)

(magaliTad arafilosofiuri sulis xorcieli siyvaruli (Έρως) (Pl

Phaed 80b) an kidev SimSilis sxeulebrivi survili rasac ar avlens

arasulieri usulo sagani Tumca verc imas vityviT rom suli ayalibebs

amgvar survilebs fedonSi ar aris mkveTrad gamijnuli sakvebis

intensiuri survili modis sulidan Tu xorcidan rogorc Cans

xorcieli survili dakavSirebulia sulTan iseve rogorc procesebi

metabolizmsa da sxeulis zrdaSi (es procesebic ukavSirdeba imas rom

sxeuls gaaCnia suli)

aristoteles Teoria sulis Sesaxeb amomwuravad aris gaSlili mis

traqtatSi De Anima romlis mixedviTac cocxali organizmis yvela

sasicocxlo funqcia miewereba suls igi pasuxismgebelia sxvadasxva

cocxali organizmis qmedebaze da aseve aris ganmasxvavebeli niSani

42

cocxal da aracocxal organizms Soris urTierToba sulsa da sxeuls

Soris aris konkretuli nimuSi ufro zogadi urTieTobisa formasa da

materias Soris (De Anima 22 413a32 23 415a9) aristoteles mixedviT

suli ar aris sxeulebrivi da xorcieli anu materialuri Tumca

platonis poziciis sapirispirod igi fiqrobs rom adamianis suls

sxeulisgan damoukidebeli arseboba ar SeuZlia (De Anima 11 403a3-25 esp

5-16)

sulis antikur Teoriebs gansakuTrebiT platonisa da

aristoteles moZRvrebebs ar daukargavT aqtualoba Semdeg periodSic

qristiani mwerlebi grigol noseli da klimenti aleqsandrieli

davalebulni arian swored platonisgan Tumca sakiTxis gaazrebaSi

SemoaqvT axali niuansebi miuxedavad amisa am da sxva filosofiuri

problemebis postklasikuri ganviTarebis interpretacia unda xdebodes

yvela SemTxvevaSi klasikuri Teoriebis CarCosa da konteqstSi

(lorenci 2009)

amgvarad sulisa da sxeulis funqciis maTi urTierTmimarTebis

sakiTxi antikuri samyarodan moyolebuli yvela didi moazrovnis

gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani yofila maTi arsis raobis gansazRvra

miT ufro arsebiTi iyo ramdenadac swored amis safuZvelze xdeboda

SesaZlebeli adamianis ama Tu im midrekilebis srulyofili analizi da

gamovlena im saSualebebisa romliTac daiTrguneboda amgvari

arasasurveli midrekilebani

aRniSnuli problema metad aqtualuria Suasaukuneebis

saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri azrovnebisTvisac qristianulma religiam

ufro mkveTrad dasva sxeulisa da sulis urTiermimarTebis problema

gaCnda uamravi erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego Teoria iyo azrTa sxvaoba

gansakuTrebiT qristianuli religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapebze

qristianuli anTropologia ganviTarda rogorc qristologiis erTi

nawili amitom Zalian rTulia patristikul literaturaSi mwyobri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebis povna garkveuli dilemebi Cans aseve

ioane sinelis saTnoebaTa kibeSic (kordoCkini 2003 34)

gadavideT uSualod sakvlev sakiTxze ndash ioane sinelis teqstze

romlis erTi pasaJi SesaZloa iyos rusTavelis Teologiuri debulebis

43

_ bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) _ wyaro

saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso Teza moTavsebulia teqstis im

safexurSi romelic exeba siZvas bdquoromelnime vnebani gonebisagan xorcTa

momarT movlen da romelnime kualad xorcTagan gonebad da soflioTa

Tana meore ese iqnebis xolo udabnos myofTa Tana pirveli igi rameTu

ara arian maT Tana nivTni nebaTani xiluladldquo (sineli 1965 268)

upirveles yovlisa SevecdebiT ganvmartoT moyvanili pasaJi

imisaTvis rom gavigoT Tu ras gulisxmobs avtori ris Semdegac

paraleli vefxistyaosanTan ufro cxadi da gasagebi gaxdeba teqstSi

gamoyenebuli cneba _ goneba _ semantikurad sulis Tanafardia rogorc

ukve aRvniSneT qristianul literaturaSi da gansakuTrebiT sulier

cxovrebaze daweril traqtatebSi ar aris mosalodneli sistemuri

anTropologiuri Sexedulebebisa da Sesabamisad mwyobrad gansazRvruli

anTropologiuri terminologiis povna saTnoebaTa kibe ar aris

anTropologiuri naSromi da Sesabamisad anTropologiuri

terminologiis gamoyenebisas avtori ar icavs mkveTr zRvars maT

gasamijnad (kordoCkini 2003 34) amgvari ldquoaRrevardquo damaxasiaTebelia Sua

saukuneebis patristikuli literaturisTvis ediSer WeliZe grigol

palamas teqstze _ aRsareba marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa _ darTul

komentarebSi aRniSnavs rom ldquosulsrdquo anu ldquopnevmasrdquo saxeldeben agreTve

gonebad (νοῦς) olimpiodore aleqsandrieli ldquopnevmasrdquo ase ganmartavs bdquoigi

vfiqrob aris agreTve goneba (νοῦς)ldquo pnevmis aRiarebam fsiqes nawilad

rac met-naklebad yvela saeklesio RvTismetyvelTan vlindeba gamoiwvia

ldquopnevmisrdquo sinonimuri saxeldebis gonebis (νοῦς) agreTve ldquofsiqeSirdquo CarTva

(WeliZe 2012 153-154)

bevr qristian mweralTan maT Soris ioane sinelTanac ldquogonebardquo

da ldquogulirdquo gansazRvrebuli ki ar aris aramed isini SeiZleba aRiweros

mxolod maTi moqmedebebis Sesabamisad amdenad ioane sineli ldquogulsrdquo da

ldquosulsrdquo an kidev ldquogonebasrdquo da ldquosulsrdquo (psixes) xSirad sinonimebad iyenebs

(kordoCkini 2003 31-34) ase magaliTad ioane sineli ldquogonebaSirdquo rom

ldquosulsrdquo gulisxmobs amas kidev erTxel adasturebs saTnoebaTa kibis

SiSisadmi miZRvnili safexuri avtori semantikurad imave azrs

aviTarebs rac zemoT moviyvaneT oRond am SemTxvevaSi ldquogonebasrdquo cvlis

44

ldquosuliTrdquo bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da odesme pirvelad xorcni

da meore igi ziar-yvis vnebisa mis romelmac pirvelad miiRis igildquo

(sineli 1965 299) aqve oriode sityviT SevexebiT ras gulisxmobs avtori

SiSSi da moviSveliebT ioane damaskelis gardamocemis samocdameSvide

Tavs sadac avtori ganmartavs bdquoSiSisldquo saxels ormagi gaazreba aqvs

radgan arsebobs bunebiTi SiSi rodesac ar nebavs suls sxeulisgan

ganyofa arsebobs kidev SiSi rac warmoiqmneba azrTa Ralatis

urwmunoebisa da sikvdilis Jamis arcodnis Sedegad rogorc magaliTad

gvaSinebs RamiT momxdari ram xmauri es SiSi bunebis garegania da

ganvsazRvravT ra mas vambobT bdquobunebis garegani SiSi aris gauazrebeli

ganridebaldquo (ioan damask gard 2000 416-417) rogorc vxedavT saTnoebaTa

kibis warmodgenil konteqstSi igulisxmeba swored arabunebiTi SiSi

amgvarad ioane sineli saubrobs vnebaze codvaze romelic

SeiZleba warmoiSvas xorcSi da Semdgom ukve gadaeces da daazianos

suli an kidev piriqiT am fonze sainteresod gveCveneba sulisa da

sxeulis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis avtoriseuli xedva ra tendenciebi

ikveTeba saTnoebaTa kibis teqstSi am mimarTulebiT

saTnoebaTa kibeSi aisaxa yvela ZiriTadi idea iseTi mistikur-

asketikuri filosofiuri mimdinareobisa rogoricaa isixazmi igi

metafizikur-anTropologiuri azriT monisturia adamiani sxeulebrivi

da sulieri saxiT erTi mTlianobaa _ ontologiuri monada misi suli

iseve Zlier aris daSorebuli RvTisgan rogorc sxeuli Sesabamisad

ganwmendis (wmindanobis) fenomeni erTnairad miRwevadia aramarto

sulisTvis aramed sxeulisTvisac (popova 2011 22) aqedan gamomdinare

codva (miuxedavad misi sxeulebrivi Tu sulismieri warmomavlobisa)

azianebs adamianis orive nawils sulsac da sxeulsac rogorc erT

mTlianobas saTnoebaTa kibis CvenTvis saintereso epizodSi xazgasmaa

imaze rom codva nebismier SemTxvevaSi moicavs adamians mTlianobaSi

ubralod daculia rigiToba codvis warmomSobi moqmedi SeiZleba

iyos xan suli xan kidev sxeuli (bdquoodesme pirvelad suli SeSindis da

odesme pirvelad xorcni da meore igi ziarndashyvis vnebisa mis romelmac

pirvelad miiRis igildquo (sineli 1965 299) amgvar pozicias ioane sineli

aviTarebs moulodnelad logikuri msjelobis gareSe radgan cota

45

ufro zemoT avtori sakmaod ldquodabneulirdquo Cans ldquoromelnime ityAcircan

viTarmed gulis-sityuaTagan gulisaTa movlen Atildeorcni vnebad da

aRZvrad da kualad sxuani ityAcircan viTarmed sacnobelTagan AtildeorcTaAacutesa

iSvebian borotni gulis-sityuani dapirvelni igi ityAcircan viTarmed

ukueTumca gonebaAacute ara winamZRuar qmnul iyo vnebisa Atildeorcnimca ara

miyolil iyvnes xolo meoreni igi AtildeorcTa vnebisa siborotesa Semwed

TAcircsisa sityAcircsa sityuasa moiReben da ityAcircan viTarmed _ mravalgzis

xilviTa pirisaAacuteTa anu SexebiTa AtildeelisaAacuteTa anu ynosiTa sulnelebisaAacuteTa

anu smeniTa Atildemisa hamoAacutesaAacuteTa movlen gulis-sityuani gulad amaT saqmeTa

WeSmaritebaAacute romelsa Zal-edvas uflisa mier gamoacxaden da guaswavenrdquo

(sineli 1965 267) avtoris ldquodabneulobardquo savaraudod mianiSnebs im

epoqiseul dilemaze romlis winaSec aRmoCnda ioane sineli roca jer

kidev mimdinareobs diskusiebi da msjelobebi sxvadasxva qristianuli

dogmatikisTvis arsebiT sakiTxze es bunebrivic Cans qristianuli

religiis gavrcelebis adreul etapze konteqsti gvaCvenebs rom ioane

sinelma icis Tavis Tanamedrove moazrovneebs Soris arsebuli

sxvadasxva poziciis Tu diskusiis Sesaxeb miuxedavad erTgvari

meryeobisa ioane sineli mainc eTanxmeba Sua saukuneebis qristianul

tradiciaSi arsebul Teorias sulismieri da xorcismieri codvebis

diferenciaciis Sesaxebs romelic cotaTi adre ufro mkafiod aqvs

warmodgenili IV_V saukuneebis mijnaze moRvawe ber ioane kasianes Tavis

traqtatSi ndash Svid momakvdinebel codvaze rogorc zemoT vnaxeT ioane

sineli sargeblobs da miuTiTebs kidec ioane kasianeze rogorc teqstis

erTerT wyaroze ioane kasianes azriT vnebebi iyofa xorciel da

mSvinvier saxeobad xorcieli vneba sxeulSi iSveba da mas atkbobs

xolo mSvinvieri samSvinvelis midrekilebidan momdinareobs da

samSvinvels kvebavs da xandaxan xorcsac azianebs ioane kasiane ufro

metadac akonkretebs sakiTxs da CamoTvlis Tu romeli codvebi

warmoiSoba xorcSisxeulSi da romeli sulSi (cassian 4344) amgvarad

codvis dayofa sulismierad da sxeulismierad Sua saukuneebis

qristianuli azrovnebisTvis nacnobi da aqtualuri Temaa magram

gansxvavebiT ioane kasianesgan ioane sineli amgvari dayofis ZiriTad

mamoZravebel mizezad garemos miiCnevs ndash rogorc saTnoebaTa kibis

46

teqstidan gamoCnda vneba moicavs jer sxeuls Tuki saero adamianTan

gvaqvs saqme da suls Tuki monazonze vsaubrobT radganac saero piri

met cdunebas xvdeba garemomcveli pirobebis gamo vefxistyaosnis

striqoni bdquosicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo rogorc

viciT ekuTvnis avTandils saero pirs rostevan mefis spaspets

amgvarad saTnoebaTa kibis ganxiluli pasaJidan gamomdinare

mosalodnelia rom codva vneba Tavdapirvelad moicavs avTandilis

rogorc saero piris sxeuls radganac igi saTanadod ar aris daculi

mravalferovani sacdurisgan romelic saero pirs garemomcveli

pirobebis gamo ufro metad ebrZvis imis sailustraciod rom

vefxistyaosniseuli rdquoavnebsrdquo ar unda gavigoT rogorc ziani am

SemTxvevaSi xorcis ziani Tavisi viwro SinaarsiT _ sxeulis

dasneuleba SeiZleba davimowmoT erTi epizodi ioanes saxarebidan am

epizodis mixedviT macxovris mier gankurnebuli kacis avadmyofobis

mizezi warsulSi Cadenili codva Cans romelmac Tavi iCina fizikuri

sneulebis saxiT rdquoamisa Semdgomad pova igi iesu taZarsa mas da hrqua mas

aha egera gankurnebul xar nuRara scodav raAacuteTa ara uZAcircresi geyosldquo (in

5 5-14) amgvarad esmiT moyvanili saxarebiseuli epizodi bibliis teqstis

cnobil egzegetikosebsac (Teofilaqte bulgareli Toma aqvineli)

magram codva vneba romelsac adamiani sCadis TviT saxarebis

mixedviTac ki yovelTvis ar iCens Tavs sneulebis saxiT rogorc e

xinTibiZe aRniSnavs vefxistyaosanSi gadaWriT da kategoriulad aris

naTqvami rom codva am SemTxvevaSi sicrue da orpiroba yovelTvis

gamonaklisis gareSe avnebs xorcs da mere suls (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

amitom frazis avnebs xorcsa gageba viwro mniSnelobiT rogorc

sxeulis dasneuleba _ arasworia radgan vefxistyaosnis kategoriuli

toni ndash mankierebiT Tanmimdevrulad xorcsa da sulze miyenebuli zianis

Sesaxeb arc saxarebaSi Cans piriqiT saxarebaSi xazgasmulia rom vneba

yovelTvis ar gamovlindeba fizikuri sneulebis saxiT aqedan

gamomdinare gamarTlebulad mimaCnia cnebis avnebs ioane damaskeliseuli

interpretacia definicia bdquovnebaAacute erTsaxel ars da orpir rameTu vneba

ewodebis Atildeorcielsaca viTar-igi arian senni da wuTxni da kualad

sulierTaca vnebad saxel-edebis viTar igi arian gulisTqumaAacute da

47

guliswyromaAacuteldquo cota qvemoT vnebulebas ioane damaskeli ganmartavs

rogorc bunebis sawinaaRmdego moZraobas bdquoaw ukue moqmedeba ars

bunebiTi aRZrvaAacute xolo vnebaAacute gareSe ars bunebisaAacute vinaAacuteca amaTve

mizezTagan moqmedebaAacuteca igi vnebad iTqumis raJams ara bunebiTi iyos

aRZvraAacute igi gina Tu TaviT TacircsiT anu Tu sxAcircsa mier SemTxueulildquo (ioan

damask gard 2000 126) vnebuleba aris yvela moZraoba romelic aris

mZafri da romelic grZnobaSi Semodis sicrue da orpiroba bunebis

sawinaaRmdego moZraobaa igi avnebs anu am sawinaaRmdego moZraobisken

ubiZgebs jer xorcs rogorc am vnebis warmoSobis pirvelad mizezs da

Semdeg ukve suls rasac sabolood mivyavarT sulieri samaradiso

cxovrebis zianamde meore mxriv codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva sxva

ra SeiZleba iyos Tu ara ziani bdquoavnebs xorcsa merme sulsaldquo SeiZleba

gavigoT rogorc codvaSi Cavardna codviT mocva rac TavisTavad

vnebaa ziania da am vnebis Tavdapirveli matarebeli vefxistyaosnis

mixedviT swored sxeulia rogorc ukve aRvniSneT avTandili rogorc

saero piri ufro naklebad aris daculi xorcieli sacdurisgan da

Sesabamisad codvac romelic SeiZleba Caidinos man pirvel rigSi

sxeulebrivia sxeulSi aRmocendeba da Semdeg moicavs sulsac bdquovgmob

kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansaldquo (799) ndash es ukve aris adamiani

romlisTvisac sicrue da orpiroba erjeradi qmedeba ki aRar aris

aramed cxovrebis wesi misi bunebis nawilia amgvari kaci saiqiosac ver

gamarTldeba da RvTis winaSe Sercxvenili da codvili warsdgeba

Cemi azriT mocemuli striqonis amgvari ganmarteba da mis wyarod

swored saTnoebaTa kibis miCneva ufro myardeba teqstis erT-erTi

safexuriT misive Tqmuli tyuvilisaTAcircs dasaxelebuli safexuri

miZRvnilia sicruisadmi rogorc sulier kibeze aRmavali

qristianisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze xelisSemSlel vnebaze teqstSi

vkiTxulobT _ bdquotyuvili ars ganmryuneli siyuarulisaAacute da mSobeli cru-

ficobisaAacute romel ars RmrTisa uaris-yofaAacuterdquo (sineli 1965 216)

sicrue ioane sinelis Txzulebis mixedviT RmerTis uaryofaa

RmerTis uaryofa ki udavod yovelgvari ubedurebis sawyisia bdquoradgan

Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubadobisa me rad gavwiro moyvare Zma umtkicesi

Zmobisaldquo (st 792) _ ambobs avTandili anderZSi sxva magaliTic vnaxoT

48

bdquoorgulebaAacute dedaAacute ars tyuvilisaAacute da saqme misi rameTu orgulebaAacute sxuaAacute

araraAacute ars garna wrTuaAacute tyuilisaAacute da mopovnebaAacute ficTa cudTaAacuteldquo

(sineli 1965 217) vefxistyaosanSic Ralati ficis gatexa da sicrue

erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli da erTnairad Seuwynarebeli

danaSaulia

bdquoSen gastexe fici Cemi simtkice da igi mcneba

RmerTman qmna da dagirCina cudad Seni xelovnebaldquo (528)

an kidev

bdquokvlaca vhkadre bdquome Tu mzeo TqvenTvis fici gametexos

RmerTman awve risxva misi zeciT CemTvis gaamexosldquo (535)

bdquoSen ar-gatexa kargi gWirs zenaarisa ficisaldquo (708)

vefxistyaosanSi fici dakavSirebulia RmerTTan nawarmoebis

personaJebs swamT rom ficis gatexa da sicrue RvTis risxvis

gamomwvevia

bdquovgmob kacsa augiansa crusa da Ralatiansa

ver vecruvebi ver vuzam saqmesa saZabunosa

piris-pir marcxvens ornive mivalT mas saukunosaldquo (799)

_ wers avTandili anderZSi romelSic agrZelebs sicruis da orpirobis

Temas da gansazRvravs mosalodnel Sedegs rom saukuno cxovrebaSi

RmerTis pirispir am vnebis gamo Sercxvenili iqneba analogiuri azria

gatarebuli saTnoebaTa kibeSic sicruesTan da cru ficTan mimarTebiT

vinc daZlevs am safexurs igi WeSmaritebas moipovebs ldquoese meTormete

kibe ars romeli mZle eqmnas amas guelsa mas Ziri keTilTaAacute mougies

romel ars WeSmaritebaAacuteldquo (sineli 1965 219)

avTandilma icis rom sicrue da megobris Ralati dausjeli ar

darCeba misi es codna ki moiTxovs praqtikul ganxorcielebas

bdquoara viqm codna ras margebs filasofosTa brZnobisa

miT viswavlebiT mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa ldquo (792)

qmedebaSi moyvanili sibrZne erTi pirobaa RmerTTan misasvlelad

da WeSmaritebis mosapoveblad tyuili ki erT-erTi mTavarTagania im

mankierebaTa Soris rac uSlis adamians xels saTnoebaTa kibeze

amaRlebaSi RmerTTan ziarebasa da amgvarad WeSmaritebis mopovebaSi

bdquorameTu sulman wmidaman saSinelad Tqua misTAcircs daviT

49

winaswarmetyuelisaAacuteTa viTarmed romeli ityodis sicruesa mas ara

waremarTos winaSe TualTa CemTaldquo (sineli 1965 216) amgvarad

vefxistyaosanSic da saTnoebaTa kibeSic erTnairad Seuwynarebel

codvad iTvleba sicrue igi yovelgvari ubedurebis mizezia da am mankis

dauZlevelad SeuZlebelia morig sulier safexurze amaRleba

saTnoebaTa kibis erT-erTi pirveli Targmani eqvTime aTonels

ekuTvnis aRsaniSnavia rom vefxistyaosanSi gamoyenebuli qarTulenovani

wyaroebi ZiriTadad eqvTime aTonelis Targmanebidan momdinareobs

razec prof elguja xinTibiZe miuTiTebs kidec rdquoSiSi Seiqms siyvarulsardquo

frazis wyaros Ziebisas

amgvari msjelobis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom

rusTaveli savaraudod icnobda saTnoebaTa kibis teqsts misi romelime

Targmanidan am varauds mxars uWers e xinTibiZis mosazreba bdquorusTaveli

aSkarad emyareba ara mxolod biblias aramed mTel qarTulenovan

sasuliero mwerlobasldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 356-357) sakiTxi romlis Sesaxebac

iwereboda uzarmazari filosofiuri Tu Teologiuri traqtatebi

mxolod erTi striqoniT gadmoica rusTavelTan romelsac amave

striqonSi win uZRvis miTiTeba gamoTqmuli azris avtorze _ bdquome sityvasa

erTsa gkadreb platonisgan swavla Tqmulsa sicrue da orpiroba avnebs

xorcsa merme sulsaldquo (st 791) avtoris amgvari dakonkreteba gaxda

safuZveli imisa rom platonis filosofiaSi eZiaT am frazis wyaro

Tumca amgvari azris pirdapiri formulireba platonis dialogebSi ar

Cans8

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis mniSvneloba Sua saukuneebis

kulturisTvis ganapirobebs teqstis farTo gamoyenebas epoqis gamorCeul

moRvaweTagan ucxoenovan samecniero literaturaSi ioane sinelis

teqstis gavlenas xedaven ara marto Sua saukuneebis sasuliero

literaturaze aramed XIX saukunis rusi klasikosebis SemoqmedebaSic

saTnoebaTa kibis gavlenis Semdgomi kvleva Sua saukuneebis da gviani

periodis qarTul literaturaze vfiqrobT saintereso suraTs

8 sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria ix e xinTibiZe bdquoplatonisgan swavla Tqmuli da

misi msoflmxedvelobiTi datvirTvaldquo (xinTibiZe 2009 474-497)

50

warmogviCens rasac samomavlo perspeqtivad vsaxavT amjerad ki Cveni

kvleva Semoifargla mxolod rusTavelis vefxistyaosniT

51

Tavi II

saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturuli da stiluri Taviseburebani

naSromis SesavalSi ukve aRvniSneT rom qarTulad SemorCenilia

saTnoebaTa kibis ori sruli Targmani (eqvTime aToneliseuli da petre

gelaTeliseuli) prozaul teqstze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili ori sruli

poeturi versia (ioane sineliseuli da anton kaTalikosiseuli) da aseve

qeTevan bezaraSvilis mier bolo wlebSi aRmoCenili saTnoebaTa kibis

poeturi teqstis fragmentebi romelic CarTuli aRmoCnda grigol

nazianzelis TxzulebebSi naSromis winamdebare TavSi warmodgenili

kvleva moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs saTnoebaTa kibis qarTuli Targmanebis

struqturasa da stils aseve poeturi teqstebis versifikacias

52

amp 1 saTnoebaTa kibis struqturuli Tavisebureba

berZnuli teqstis struqturuli da kompoziciuri Taviseburebis

sakiTxi metad aqtualuria specialur (ZiriTadad inglisur da

rusulenovan) samecniero literaturaSi amitom sanam SemogTavazebdeT

uSualod sakuTar dakvirvebas qarTuli Targmanebis struqturaze

mokled mimovixilav sakiTxis Seswavlis istorias da ZiriTad

mosazrebebs

saTnoebaTa kibis berZnuli teqstis samecniero kritikulad

dadgenili gamocema rogorc ukve aRiniSna dRemde ar arsebobs

aRvniSneT aseve rom met-naklebad ukeTes gamocemad miiCneva meTiu

raderis (Matthew Rader) mier momzadebuli teqsti (PG vol 88 596-1209)

teqsts winasityvaobis saxiT darTuli aqvs kardinal robert

belarminos Sromis - eklesiis mweralTa Sesaxeb ndash is nawili romelic

eZRvneba ioane sinels aseve meTiu raderis Sesavali werili teqstisa da

avtoris Sesaxeb Sesavals mosdevs raiTis monastris beris danielis

mier aRwerili ioane sinelis cxovreba raiTis monastris iRumenis

ioanes epistole ioane sinelisadmi ioane sinelis sapasuxo epistole

ioane raiTelisadmi Sesavali (ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ) pinaqsi sakuTriv teqsti da

traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) aseve Targmanebebi

romelic erTvis teqstis yvela safexurs aRsaniSnavia rom berZnul

teqstSi Tavebs ewodeba sityva (λογος) xolo laTinur TargmanSi xarisxi

(Gradus) (PG vol 88 596-1209) aRiniSna aseve rom meTiu raderiseuli

teqstisgan gansxvavebuli redaqcia 1883 wels konstantinepolSi aTonis

mTis ramdenime xelnawerze dayrdnobiT gamosca berma sofroniusma

sofroniusis da meTiu raderis teqstebSi garda uSualod teqstualuri

gansxvavebebisa sxvadasxvaa TavTa Tanmimdevrobac (kordoCkini 200314)

rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime

aToneliseuli Targmanis struqtura Semdegnairia nawarmoebs SesavalSi

darTuli aqvs mTargmnelis eqvTime aTonelis anderZi romelic moicavs

mokle instruqciაsa da informacias teqstis Sesaxeb anderZs mosdevs

kibAgrave saTnoebaTaAacute cad aRmyvanebeli Tqmuli daniil monazonisa

raiTelisa wignisa amisTAcircs sulTa ganmanaTleblisaAacute romelsa ewodebis

53

klemaqsi romel ars kibAgrave cxorebaAacute wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa

ioane sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute moZRurebiTa ganTqumulisa sulTa

ganmanaTlebelisa da WeSmaritad sanatrelisaAacute romeli ese aRwera

daniil monazonman raiTelman ebistole wmidisa mamisa iovane raiTel

mamasaxlisisaAacute sanatrelisa iovanes mimarT sinel mamasaxlisisa

ebistolAgrave wmidisa da netarisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisa iovanes mimarT

raiTel mamasaxlisisa romelsa zeda-werili ese ars ficarni sulieri

iovane iovanes axarebs amas mohyveba sakuTriv teqsti Semdegi zogadi

saTauriT swavlani wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane sinel mamasaxlisisani

romelni miuZRuanna mamasa iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa rameTu eTxoa

mas misgan raAacuteTa aRwernes swavlani monazonTa mimarT saRmToAacute kibe

saTnoebaTaAacute teqstis bolo nawilia misive wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovane

sinel mamasaxlisisaAacute mwyemsisa da winamZRurisa mimarT romeli-ese misca

sxuaTa amaT pirvel-TqumulTa TavTa Tana iovanes raiTel mamasaxlissa

romelsa eTxova misgan raAacuteTa dauwernes swavlani monagonebisani

nawarmoebs boloSi darTuli aqvs Targmanebebi (sineli 1965) aRniSnuli

Targmanebebi berZnul teqstSi erTvis TiToeul Tavs xolo eqvTime

aTonels isini erTad mouTavsebia teqstis boloSi (cincaZe 1965 53)

prof meri cincaZe eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis Sesaval nawilze

dakvirvebis Sedegad askvnis rom qarTul redaqciaSi berZnuli (meTiu

raderis) redaqciisgan gansxvavebuli rigia daculi (cincaZe 1965 43)

eqvTime aTonelis teqstis rigia daculi (anderZis gamoklebiT) petre

gelaTelis TargmanSic (prologi) aha pinaqsi saRmrToAacutesa klimaqsisaAacute

daniil minazonisa raiTelisaAacute cxovrebisami uflisa ioannis

sxolastikosisa cxorebaAacute SemkuAgraveTebiTi amba ioanni winamZRurisa wmidisa

mTisa sinaAacutesaAacute zedwodebiT sxolastikosisa wmidaTa SorisosaAacute

WeSmaritad epistole amba ioanni winamZRurisa raiTisaAacute ioannis mimarT

RirssakAcircrvelisa sinisa mTisa winamZRurisa ioannis ioanni gixaroden (A-

39)

rac Seexeba poetur teqstebs ioane petriwiseuli varianti

moicavs saTnoebaTa kibis mxolod ZiriTad teqsts zogierT xelnawerSi

teqsts Tan erTvis TxuTmeti iambikuri strofi romelTagan pirveli

strofi akrostiqulia da ikiTxeba Semdegi saTauri SAcircdTaTAcircs vnebaTa

54

ars teqsti moicavs opoziciur wyvilebs ndash Svidi momakvdinebeli codva

da maTi sapirispiro saTnoebebi iv lolaSvilis varaudiT am teqstis

avtoric SesaZloa ioane petriwi iyos (petriwi 1968 255) SeniSnulia rom

saTnoebaTa kibisadmi SvidTaTvis vnebaTas darTva berZnul xelnawerTa

tradiciiT aris ganpirobebuli qarTul mwerlobaSi ki arsebobs

klemaqsisa da SvidTaTvis vnebaTas erTi da imave piris mier galeqsvis

tradicia (ioane petriwi anton kaTalikosi) (bezaraSvili 1987 133-134)

Svidi vnebis sakiTxs XVIII saukuneSi calke Txzulebebs uZRvnian

nikoloz Tbileli da kvipriane samTavneli (kekeliZe 1980 348-349 339)

yvela es teqsti SedgenilobiTa da TanmimdevrobiT sxvadasxvaa da erTi

wyarodan ar momdinareobs (bezaraSvili 1987 134)

anton kaTalikosis saTnoebaTa kibe moicavs ZiriTad teqsts

romelsac mosdevs oTxi akrostiquli iambikuri strofi bolo maTganis

kidurwerilobaSi ikiTxeba mwyemsisa mimarTca traqtati mwyemsisa

mimarTca moicavs aT strofs xolo mas mosdevs kvlav ori akrostiquli

iamburi strofi kidurwerilobiT ndash SvidTaTAcircs vnebaTa es da aqac

rogorc ioane petriwiseul variantSi saubaria Svid vnebaze da maT

sapirispiro saTnoebebze rogorc samecniero literaturaSia SeniSnuli

igi anton kaTalikosis originaluri Sromaa (bezaraSvili 1987 134 kukava

1978 30-34)

anton kaTalikosiseul da ioane petriwiseuli saTnoebaTa kibis

yoveli Tavi iwyebა originaluri strofebiT maTi Sinaarsi ZiriTadad

zogadia da gvacnobs im Temas razedac iqneba saubari ama Tu im TavSi

xolo safexurebis dasaTaurebas vkiTxulobT am strofebis

kidurwerilobaSi radganac magaliTad anton kaTalikosiseul

redaqciaSi Tavebs ar aqvT calke gamoyofili saTaurebi (mxolod

numeracia)

vardi ar mWnari ჶiali keTil sulnel

limena SuAgravebis oqroT arxrwnadTsakrebi

or-gzis Sedgoma satrfos namdAcirclsawyuris

tkbiluRlis tAcircrTAcircT sofliT gamoslvasagan g

55

ltolva aqaT RmrTiv iqa zenadmi mimyegravean9

anonimuri versiis TavTa raodenoba arasrulyofilia aq

warmodgenilia 30 Tavidan mxolod 12 (7 11 12 15 22 23 24 25 26 29 30)

da msgavsad antonis leqsiTi redaqciisa da sxva prozauli versiebisa

erTvis mokle Txzuleba mwyemsisa mimarT gansxvavebiT ioane petriwisa

da antonis leqsiTi redaqciebis Sedgenilobisa sadac TiToeul TavSi

10-11 iamburi (5-taepiani) strofia anonimur versiaSi nebismieria rogorc

iambur strofTa raodenoba ise strofSi taepTa raodenobac arc

gasaleqsad SerCeuli masala emTxveva sxva leqsiT redaqciebs

(bezaraSvili 1987 132-133)

ioane sinelis teqstis saTauridanve (klemaqsi-kibe) Cans saTnoebaTa

kibis struqturis specifika avtori iyenebs safexureobriv struqturas

raTa aCvenos sulieri aRmasvlis etapebi Tumca am mxriv igi novatori

ar aris ioane sinelamde origenem Tavis ocdameSvide homiliaSi

ricxvebis Sesaxeb Seadgina 42 safexuri romelze aRmasvla

aTavisuflebda adamians xorcieli survilebisagan naSromis struqturis

konstruirebisTvis kibis simbolos aqtiurad iyeneben sxva avtorebic

filon aleqsandrieli sirieli mamebi grigol noseli Tumca ioane

sinelis Sromis unikaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs rom masSi daxatulia

sulieri aRmasvlis uprecedentod masStaburi da srulyofili suraTi

(kordoCkini 2003 22-23)

mkvlevari jon dafi romelic ganixilavs saTnoebaTa kibis stilsa

da kompozicias yuradRebas amaxvilebs oTx ZiriTad dokumentze

romelsac nawarmoebis kompoziciis konstruirebisaTvis misi azriT

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs esenia werili raiTis monastris

abatisgan ioane sinelisadmi miwerili ioane sinelis sapasuxo werili

sakuTriv teqsti da naSromis bolos darTuli mokle traqtati

mwyemsisa mimarT (ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΙΜΕΝΑ) mkvlevris azriT abati raiTelis

werili ara marto pirveli stimulia nawarmoebis kompoziciisTvis

aramed mas Semoaqvs nawarmoebis wardgenis TvalsazrisiT mniSnelovani

ori ZiriTadi idea kerZod a) mose rogorc mediumi RmerTsa da

9 teqstebs anton kaTalikosis redaqciidan safexurisa da muxlis miTiTebiT am da sxva SemTxvevaSic vimowmebT A-711 xelnaweridan

56

adamianebs Soris romelmac miiRo RvTis kanonebi b) bibliuri iakobis

cnobili sizmari ndash miwasa da samoTxes Soris aRmarTuli kibe

nawarmoebs asrulebs mokle traqtati mwyemsisa mimarT romelSic

ixateba idealuri ldquomwyemsisrdquo saxe es idealuri mwyemsi ki ndash abati

raiTelia aSkaraa rom nawarmoebis kompoziciur gamTlianebaSi

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs saTnoebaTa kibis Seqmnis iniciatori ndash

abati raiTeli nawarmoebi iwyeba misi weriliT da sruldeba traqtatiT

romelSi gansaxierebuli idealuri winamZRvari kvlav is aris ndash askvnis

mkvlevari (dafi 1999 3)

saTnoebaTa kibis struqturisa da semantikis urTierTmimarTebis

Sesaxeb arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi kerZod k krumbaxeri teqsts

hyofs or nawilad I-XXIII safexurebi ndash mankierebebis daZleva da XXIV-

XXXL safexurebi - moraluri da Teologiuri saTnoebebis mopoveba

(krumbaxeri 1897 143ndash144) sxva azriT teqsti Sedgeba sami nawilisgan

soflidan gasvla (I-VII Tavebi) mankierebebTan brZola (VIII-XXIII Tavebi)

da qristianuli srulyofa (XXIV-XXX Tavebi) (desili 2002 103-104)

kalistos ueari teqsts yofs Semdegnairad soflidan gasvla (1-3 Tavebi)

saTnoebebis mopoveba (4-7 Tavebi) vnebebTan brZola romelic Tavis mxriv

iyofa a) vnebebi romlebic upiratesad arafizikuria (8-13 Tavebi)

fizikuri da materialuri vnebebi (14-17 Tavebi) arafizikuri vnebebi (18-23

Tavebi) umaRlesi saTnoebebi (24-26 Tavebi) dabolos RmerTTan SeerTeba

(27-30 Tavebi) (ueari 1982 13)

sakiTxis am mimarTulebiT warmarTvis kuTxiT sagulisxmoa kidev

erTi mosazreba romelsac yvelaze sarwmunod miiCnevs saTnoebaTa kibis

teqstis slavuri Targmanebis mkvlevari ara erTi statiisa da

monografiis avtori ndash tatiana popova mosamzadebel safexurebad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos pirveli Svidi Tavi Semdeg modis ndash codvili

cxovrebis uwmindurobisgan TviTganwmendisTvis moRvaweobaRwva a)

gulismier mankierebebTan brZola (VIII IX safexurebi) b) metyvelebasTan

dakavSirebul codvebTan brZola (X XI XII safexurebi) g)

xorcismiersxeulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVI XVII safexurebi) d)

sulismier mankierebebTan brZola (XVIII-XXIII safexurebi) dabolos

moRvaweoba sulieri ganaxlebisTvis a) gulis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIV XXV

57

safexurebi) b) gonebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXVI XXVII XXVIII safexurebi) g)

nebis ganaxlebisTvis (XXIX XXX safexurebi) (germani 1854 42-43)

mkvlevari andrei kordoCkini Tavis sadoqtoro naSromSi sagangebo

Tavs uZRvnis saTnoebaTa kibis struqturas da Semdeg kanonzomierebas

xedavs I-III Tavebi ndash Sesavali samonastro cxovrebisaTvis IV Tavidan

teqstis ZiriTadi nawili miZRvnilia morCilebisadmi rac samonastro

cxovrebis qvakuTxedia da es nawili mTavrdeba XXVI TaviT ndash gansjisa da

gulisxmierebisaTvis bolo oTxi Tavi eZRvneba qristianul srulyofas

mkvlevaris azriT teqstis pirveli Tavebi xasiaTdeba intensiuri

asketuri brZoliT da sabaziso saTnoebebis mopovebiT maSin roca meore

etapisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mWvretelobiTi urTierToba RmerTTan rac

miRwevadia mxolod imaTTvis vinc gadalaxa vnebebi maSasadame praqsisi

da Teoria romelsac iyenebs kidec teqstSi ioane sineli aris

morwmunis sulier cxovrebaSi ori Tanmimdevruli etapi (kordoCkini 2003

22-24) bdquoaRmca-vfrindi saqmisa mier (πρᾶξις) da ganvisuene xedvisa mier

(θεωρία) da simdablisardquo (sineli 1965 56)

andrei kordoCkinis azriT kibis struqtura gvTavazobs sulieri

cxovrebis etapobriv Tanmimdevrul progress magram misi safexurebi

ar unda gavigoT rogorc mkacrad gansazRvrul-dadgenili

Tanmimdevroba miuxedavad imisa rom ioane sineli axasiaTebs calkeul

safexurebs gvaCvenebs mis mimarTebas winamaval an momdevno safexurTan

es ar gamoricxavs am vnebebis da saTnoebebis erTmaneTis paralelurad

daZlevisa an mopovebis perspeqtivas ubralod amgvari struqtura

miuTiTebs rom sulier cxovrebaSi progresi etapobrivi procesia da

SeuZlebelia mTliani kibis erTbaSad avla magaliTad safexuri locvis

Sesaxeb romelic moTavsebuliა teqstis dasasrulisken ar gulisxmobs

imas rom morwmunem ar unda ilocos ufro adreul safexurebzec

zogierT vnebasTan (magaliTad rogoricaa nayrovaneba) brZola ki

saWiroa yvela safexurze (kordoCkini 2003 27-28)

amrigad rogorc vxedavT saTnoebiTa kibis kompoziciur wyobasa

da struqturas specialur literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba

gamouwvevia sxvaze metad sarwmunoa andrei kordoCkinis mosazreba rom

Txzulebis kompoziciis safexureobrivi sistema pirobiTia da is

58

gamoyenebulia sulieri aRmasvlis rogorc etapobrivi procesis Cvenebis

mizniT vfiqrob nawarmoebis pirvel da bolo TavebSi marTlac ikveTeba

garkveuli kanonzomiereba (vgulisxmob Sesaval Tavebs sadac saubaria

samonastro cxovrebisTvis aucilebel sabaziso saTnoebebze ndash soflidan

gasvlasa da misdami gulgrilobaze da bolo Tavebs sulieri

srulyofisa da RmerTTan SeerTebis mdgomareobaze) rac Seexeba

danarCen safexurebs maTi dayofa erTmniSvnelovnad saTnoebebis

mopovebis an mankierebebis daZlevis mixedviT marTebulad ar meCveneba

saqme isaa rom konkretuli vnebis daZleva TavisTavSi gulisxmobs

Sesabamisi am vnebis sapirispiro saTnoebis mopovebasac rasac mxars

uWers saTnoebaTa kibis teqsti nawarmoebis amgvari gaazreba erTi

safexuris sazRvrebSi moaqcevs aramarto konkretul mankierebasTan

brZolas aramed am mankierebis daZlevis gziT misi opoziciuri

saTnoebis mopovebasac ase magaliTad safexuri romelic miZRvnilia

ulmobelobisTvis aseve gulisxmobs lmobierebis mopovebasac romelic

miiRweva ulmobelobis vnebis daZleviT igive suraTia saTnoebaTaTvis

miZRvnil safexurebSic avtori erTsa da imave safexurSi gvaZlevs ormag

instruqcias ndash konkretuli saTnoebis mopovebisa da am saTnoebis

sapirispiro vnebasTan brZolis saSualebebze sainteresoa rom rig

SemTxvevebSi dasaTaurebaSic Cans es niuansi kalistos ueari mosazrebas

imis Taobaze rom saTnoebaTa kibeSi vnebebisadmi miZRvnil safexurTa

raodenoba Warbobs safexurebs saTnoebebze pasuxobs im Tavebze

miTiTebiT romelTa saTaurSive asaxula opoziciuri ndash vneba-saTnoeba ndash

wyvili kerZod merve safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀοργησίας καὶ πραότητος (misive

urisxvelobisaTAcircs da simSvidisa) meTerTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ πολυλογίας καὶ

σιωπῆς (Tqmuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi dumilisaTAcircs da mraval-

metyuelebisa) meTxuTmete safexuri ndash Περὶ ἀφθάρτου ἐν φθαρτοῖς ἐκ καμάτων καὶ

ἱδρώτων ἁγνείας καὶ σοφροςύνης (misive uxrwnelisaTAcircs gaxrwnadTa Soris

SromaTagan da oflTa siwmidisaTAcircs da mrTelcnobobisa) (ueari 1982 14)

da sxva

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri beri sofroniusisa da arqimandrit

egnates mier gamocemul teqstebsa da meTiu raderis teqstSi

59

gansxvavebulia meTiu raderis teqstSi es safexuri miZRvnilia

vercxlismoyvareobisadmi (Περὶ φιλαργυρίας) xolo sofroniosisa da

arqimandrit egnates gamocemebis XVI TavSi gaerTianebulia meTiu

raderis teqstis momdevno XVII safexuric (Περὶ ἀκτημοςύνης)

(upovarebisaTvis) rac Seexeba qarTul Targmanebs eqvTime aTonelis

petre gelaTelis da ioane petriwis Targmanebi TavTa TanmimdevrobiT

mihyvebian meTiu raderis teqsts anu calk-calkea gamoyofili

vercxlismoyvareobisa da upovarebisadmi miZRvnili safexurebi am mxriv

sainteresoa anton kaTalikosis teqsti romelic XVI TavSi

gaerTianebulia aRniSnuli safexurebi (angarebisaTAcircs ese

upovarebisaTAcircs) rTuli saTqmelia ra motiviT cvlis anton kaTalikosi

TavTa Tanmimdevrobas (am msjelobas kidev ufro arTulebs is faqti rom

Cven xelT ar gvaqvs kritikulad dadgenili berZnuli teqsti romelSic

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneboda xelnawerTa sakmarisi raodenoba)

SesaZlebelia igi Tematurad awyvilebs am or Tavs Cem mier zemoT

Camoyalibebuli principis Tanaxmad (TiToeuli safexuri moicavs

rogorc vnebasTan brZolas aseve saTnoebebis mopovebasac da piriqiT)

faqtia rom sofroniosisa da arqimandrit egnates teqstebi antons xelT

ar eqneboda radganac SedarebiT gviandeli gamocemebia magram

dasaSvebia rom xelT hqonoda sxva rame saerTo wyaro

amrigad saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis safexurebis sistematizacia

rogorc vnebebTan brZola da saTnoebebis mopoveba pirobiTia ZiriTadad

konkretuli safexuris mxolod dasaTaurebas eyrdnoba da ar

iTvaliswinebs Sinaarsobriv mxares Sesabamisad viRebT teqstis

kompoziciis meqanikur (mxolod saTauris doneze) gaazrebas rasac

ewinaaRmdegeba teqstis mTliani semantika

nawarmoebis struqturuli Taviseburebis kidev erTi Cemi azriT

mniSvnelovani sakiTxia saTnoebaTa kibis Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mosazreba zarinis (Зарин СМ) azriT safexuridan

safexurze gadasvlisas xSirad rTulia logikuri Tu fsiqologiuri

Tanmimdevrulobis danaxva da arc safexurebs Soris sazRvaria mkacrad

dadgenili (popova 201133) sxva mosazrebiT ki teqtis agebulebas

safuZvlad udevs mkacri logikuri Tanmimdevrulobis gancda da mis

60

saerTo kompoziciaSi devs sulieri aRmasvlis idea (proxorovi 1985 254)

ioane sineli iesos cxovrebis wlebis analogiiT Seqmnili nawarmoebis

kompoziciaSi mkveTrad mijnavs safexurebs erTmaneTisgan da

amavdroulad kravs maT erT mTlianobad rogorc wesi maRalmxatvruli

saxeebis saSualebiT da nawarmoebis mTavar ideaze (swrafva nebis

srulyofilebisken) daqvemdebarebiT amaSi mdgomareobs avtoris didi

damsaxureba da nawarmoebis kompoziciis originaloba (popova 2011 34-35)

teqsti aCvenebs sulieri cxovrebis gansxvavebul aspeqtebs maT

urTierTkavSirSi ioane sineli erTi mxriv saubrobs calkeul vnebebsa

da saTnoebebze da meore mxriv ganixilavs maT warmoSobas safuZvels

an kidev Sedegs da gvaZlevs erTgvar instruqciebs

sakiTxis Seswavlis istoriisa da saTnoebaTa kibis safexurebis

semantikuri urTierTmimarTebis problemis ganxilvis Semdeg Cven winaSe

aranakleb saintereso sakiTxebi wamoiWreba ra urTierTmimarTebebs

amyareben saTnoebaTa kibis teqstis qarTuli Targmanebi rogoria maTi

struqtura amJRavneben Tu ara gansxvavebebs Cven xelT arsebul berZnul

teqstebTan

rogorc aRvniSneT saTnoebaTa kibis eqvTime aToneliseuli

Targmanis ena sadisertacio naSromis farglebSi Seswavlili aqvs

profesor meri cincaZes (cincaZe 1965) igi sxva problemur sakiTxebTan

erTad exeba qarTuli Targmanis struqturul Taviseburebebsac mokled

Camovayalibeb am mimarTulebiT Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenil

arsebiT struqturul gansxvavebebs mines krebulSi dabeWdil berZnul

teqstsa da eqvTime aToneliseul Targmans Soris

berZnul teqstSi calke XXIII Tavad aris gamoyofili Περὶ τῆς

ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας (ampartavanebisaTvis) romelic sinadvileSi unda iyos

XXII Tavis Semadgeneli nawili sadac saubaria cudad-mzuaobrobaze anu

qedmaRlobaze (Περὶ τῆς πολυμόρφου κενοδιξίας) ioane sineli teqstSic

miuTiTebs rom ampartavneba da cudad-mzuaobroba mas erT vnebad miaCnia

amitom mosalodnelia rom avtori mas calke ar gamoyofda XXIII Tavi

sadac Setanilia aRniSnuli nawili dasaTaurebulia Semdegnairad

gamouTqumelTa gulis-sityuaTaTAcircs gmobisaTa mkvlevari fiqrobs rom es

Semdegdroindel gadamwerTa Secdoma unda iyos rasac eqvTime aToneli

61

qarTul TargmanSi asworebs da XXII TavSi aerTianebs orive nawils es

ldquoSecdomardquo petre gelaTelsac aqvs SeniSnuli Tumca mainc misdevs

berZnul teqsts da aRniSnuli Tavi XXIII safexurSi Seaqvs eqvTime

aTonelis anderZSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs ldquoTavni viTarca aqa iyvnen egre

dasxeniT rameTu meca viTarca mipovnian egreT damisxnian yovelni

wiTliTardquo ndash swored am anderZis safuZvelze mkvlevari askvnis rom

romeliRac berZnul xelnawerSi romliTac eqvTime aToneli

sargeblobda Tavebis mimdevroba ar iyo areuli (cincaZe 1965 45-47)

aRniSnuli faqti erTi mxriv uaRresad mniSvnelovania TviT berZnuli

teqstis rekonstuqciisaTvisac radganac eqvTime aTonelis Targmanis

struqtura ar misdevs Cven xelT arsebul aqamde gamocemul arc erT

berZnul teqsts da aSkarad eyrdnoba XI saukuneSi arsebul gansxvavebul

xelnawers (an xelnawerebs) meore mxriv eqvTime aToneli aSkarad

miuTiTebs rom mas xelT aqvs dedani romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba

isevea organizebuli rogorc mis teqstSi amasTanave eqvTimes

SeniSvnidan isic irkveva rom man icis sxva berZnuli teqstis arsebobis

Sesaxeb romelSic TavTa Tanmimdevroba sxvagvaria rom ara avtoris

remarka SesaZloa eqvTime aToneliseuli saTnoebaTa kibis struqturis

ldquogadaxrardquo Cven xelT arsebuli berZnuli teqstebisgan agvexsna rogorc

eqvTime aTonelis Taviseburi mTargmnelobiTi meTodi bevr SemTxvevaSi

specialur literaturaSi gavrcelebuli mosazreba eqvTime aTonelis

mTargmnelobiT meTodTan dakavSirebiT (kleba-metebis principi) eyrdnoba

misi Targmanebis arakritikul teqstTan Sedarebis safuZvelze miRebul

daskvnebs ukanasknelma kvlevebma kerZod ki profesor elguja

xinTibiZis specialurma gamokvlevam eqvTime aTonelis ori Targmanis

berZnul teqstTan mimarTebis Taobaze gamoavlina is meTodologiuri

Secdoma rac eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis arakritikul berZnul

teqstTan Sedarebisas iCens Tavs (xinTibiZe 1969144-151) am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT aseve sagulisxmoa teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa sakiTxi

eqvTime aTonelis teqstze darTul TargmanebaTa Seswavlis safuZvelze

m cincaZe gamoavlens qarTul teqstSi sqolioebs romelTac berZnulSi

Sesatyvisi ar moepovebaT mkvlevris azriT qarTvel mTargmnels xelT

hqonia sqolioTa sxva variantebi misive SeniSvniT eqvTime aTonelis

62

Targmans berZnuli teqstisgan gansxvavebul zogierT adgilSi gverdSi

udgas petre gelaTelis redaqciac am faqtze dayrdnobiT mkvlevari

askvnis rom am ori Targmanis erTnairi adgilebi romliTac isini

Sordebian berZnuls saeWvoa rom gaCeniliyo orive mTargmnelTan

erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad SesaZloa ori varaudis daSveba a) maTi

wyaroa romeliRac sxva berZnuli xelnaweri gansxvavebuli im

xelnawerebisgan romelic safuZvlad daedo meTiu raderis teqsts b)

SesaZloa petre gelaTeli Targmanis procesSi iSveliebda eqvTime

aTonelis redaqcias g) zogierTi adgilis mixedviT ki romlebiTac

eqvTime aTonelis Targmani Sordeba berZnul versias (Sesabamisad petre

gelaTelis teqstsac) SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom qarTveli mTargmnelebi

sxvadasxva berZnuli xelnawerebidan Targmnidnen teqsts (cincaZe 1965 55)

sadisertacio naSromis sxva Tavebis (struqtura stili terminologia

simbolika) saWiroebidan gamomdinare petre gelaTelis teqstis meTiu

raderis teqstTan mimarTebis kvlevam gamoavlina rom mTargmneli

TiTqmis sityvasityviT mihyveba berZnul dedans amdenad ar arsebobs

safuZveli vifiqroT rom mas xelT hqonda meTiu raderis teqstisgan

gansxvavebuli xelnaweri ufro savaraudoa rom petre gelaTeli

icnobda eqvTime aTonelis teqsts da SigadaSig (mag sqolioebis

SemTxvevaSi) sargeblobda kidec

rac Seexeba poetur Targmanebs isini met struqturul

Taviseburebas iCenen

saTnoebaTa kibis mesame safexurSi Περὶ ξενιτείας (ucxoebisaTvis)

ioane sinels Seutania swavleba sizmarTa Sesaxeb da gamouyvia igi

calke qveTavad (Περὶ ἐνυπνίων ἀκολουθούντων εἰσαιγογικοῖς) numeraciis gareSe

asea qarTul prozaul TargmanebSic eqvTime aToneli ndash ucxoebisaTAcircs

romelsa Sina ityAcircs sizmarTaTAcircsca cudTa petre gelaTeli ndash misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs (sizmarTaTAcircs sizmarTami SedgomilTaTAcircs SeyvanebadTaAacutesa

anton kaTalikosiseul poetur variantSi sizmarTaTvis gamoyofilia

calke damoukidebel Tavad romelsac iseve rogorc sxva Tavebs win

uZRvis anton kaTalikosis Sesavali kidurwerilobiT gaformebuli

originali strofi xolo safexuri moicavs sxva Tavebis msgavsad aT

iambur strofs anu anton kaTalikosi am Tavs qmnis rogorc

63

damoukidebel srulfasovan safexurs da mosalodneli iyo kidec rom

igi gamoeyo Semdeg meoTxe safexurad Tumca avtori aRniSnul Tavs

numeracias ar aniWebs da Semdeg meoTxe safexurad tovebs Tavs

morCilebisaTvis wmidisa iseve rogorc es prozaul TargmanebSi da

berZnul teqstebSia amitom Tavebis mimdevroba SenarCunebulia da

mihyveba berZnul da qarTul prozaul teqstebs anton kaTalikosisgan

gansxvavebiT ioane petriwiseul saTnoebaTa kibeSi sizmarTaTAcircs calke

meoTxe safexurad aris gamoyofili amitomac Tavebis Tanmimdevroba

gansxvavebulia sxva yvela danarCeni teqstisgan es gansxvaveba swordeba

teqstSi mecxre ndash meaTe Tavebis ZAcircris-AtildesenebisaTAcircs da ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs

gaerTianebiT erTi saTauris ndash ZAcircris-zraxvisaTAcircs qveS amgvarad berZnul

da naTargmn teqstebSi calk-calke gamoyofili ori sxvadasxva

safexuris gaerTianebiT avtori asworebs TavTa mimdevrobas (romelic

airia sizmarTa Sesaxeb Tavis calke gamoyofiT) danarCeni teqstebis

mixedviT

saTnoebaTa kibis XVI safexuri Περὶ φιλαργυρίας rogorc zemoT ukve

aRiniSna ioane sinels miuZRvnia vercxlismoyvareobisaTvis asea es

Txzulebis qarTul variantebSic anton kaTalikoss ki am TavSi

angarebisaTAcircs ese gauerTianebia Semdegi safexuric ndash upovarebisaTAcircs

msgavsad beri sofroniusis da arqimandrit egnates mier gamocemuli

teqstebisa samagierod calk-calke Tavebad (XXI-XXII Tavebi) dauyvia

cuddideboba da zesTmCenobisaTAcircs rogorc zemoT vnaxeT eqvTime

aToneli am or Tavs aerTianebs petre gelaTelTan ki zesTmCenobisaTAcircs

Setanilia Semdeg XXIII safexurSi (misive gamouTqumelTaTAcircs

gulissityuaTa gmobisaTa) iseve rogorc patrologia grekaSi dabeWdil

berZnul teqstSi Περὶ τῆς ἀκεφάλου ὑπερηφανίας ἐν ῷ καὶ περὶ ἀκαθάρτων λογισμῶν τῆς

βλασφημίας anton kaTalikosis teqsti am SemTxvevaSi bolomde arc petre

gelaTelis Targmans misdevs igi samive Tavs calk-calke gamohyofs XXI

Tavi ndash cuddideboba XXII ndash zesTmCenobisaTAcircs XXIII ndash gmobisaTvis aqve

unda SevniSnoT rom antoniseuli teqstis safexurebis Tanmimdevroba am

SemTxvevaSic misdevs sofroniusis teqsts sadac aseve calk-calkea

gamoyofili samive zemoT aRniSnuli safexuri amdenad antonis teqstis

struqtura zustad emTxveva sofroniusis mier konstantinepolSi

64

dabeWdili da arqimandrit egnates mier gadamuSavebuli teqstebis

struqturas zemoT ukve aRvniSne rom es teqstebi gviandeli periodisaa

rac gamoricxavs antonisgan aRniSnuli gamocemebis codnas maSasadame

antoniseuli teqstis struqturaze msjelobisas SesaZlebelia ori

varaudis daSveba 1) antoni azrobrivad awyobs safexurebis

Tanmimdevrobas kerZod aerTianebs XVI-XVII safexurebs romelic

miZRvnilia angarebisa da upovarebisaTvis Tematurad am safexurebis

gaerTianeba aSkarad logikuria radgan ioane sineli sxva SemTxvevaSi ar

yofs calk-calke Tavebad saTnoebas da am saTnoebis sapirispiro vnebas

magaliTad nayrovanebisadmi miZRvnil safexurSi igi saubrobs marxvis

saTnoebazec da calke ar gamoyofs marxvis safexurs da aS rac Seexeba

XXI XXII XXIII Tavebs zesTmCenobis Sesaxeb safexuris gamoyofa

gmobisadmi miZRvnili safexurisgan bunebrivad Cans xolo

cuddidebobisa da zesTmCenobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna SesaZloa

avtors dasWirda cota zemoT darRveuli TavTa raodenobis aRsadgenad

raTa jamSi mieRo 30 safexuri 2) savsebiT dasaSvebia aseve rom anton

kaTalikoss xelT hqonoda CvenTvis ucnobi rame sxva wyaro romelSic

TavTa Tanmimdevroba swored ise iqneboda organizebuli rogorc man da

cota mogvianebiT am teqstis gamomcemlebma berma sofroniusma da

arqimandritma egnatem daalages aqve unda aRiniSnos isic rom Cem mier

Catarebulma specialurma kvlevam anton kaTalikosis teqstis ZiriTad

wyarod gamoavlina petre gelaTelis Targmani (aseve icnobs da zog

SemTxvevaSi eyrdnoba eqvTime aTonelis da ioane petriwis teqstebsac)

amdenad Tuki davuSvebT rom anton kaTalikoss xelT hqonda rame sxva

wyaro savaraudod igi gamouyenebia oden Tavisi teqstis struqturuli

organizebisaTvis

naTqvamis sailustraciod da ukeT aRsaqmelad aqve gTavazobT

erTgvar sqemas ndash paralelurad dalagebul saanalizo TavTa saTaurebs

berZnul teqstebsa da qarTul TargmanebSi

eqvTime

aToneli

petre gelaTeli anton

kaTalikosi

ioane

petriwi

Patrologiae

Cursus

Completus

Series Graeca

Vol 88

65

1

a

b 1

a soflisa

amis

amaoAacutesa

ganSorebis

aTAcircs

gamosvlisaTAcircs

sofliT

sofliT

gamosvlasag

an

gamosvlis

aTAcircs

sofliT

ese

Περὶ ἀποταγῆς

Βίου

2

bsiZulvili

saTAcircs

soflisa da

saqmeTa

misTa

misive

umzrunvelobisa

TAcircs

uzrunvelo

bisaTvis

ar

siyuaruli

saTAcircs

soflisa

Περὶ

ἀπροσπαθείας

ἤγουν ἀλυπίας

3

g

ucxoebisaTAcirc

s

romelsa

Sina ityAcircs

sizmarTaTAcircs

ca

cudTa

misive

ucxoebisaTAcircs

(sizmarTaTAcircs

sizmarTami

SedgomilTaTAcircs

SeyvanebadTaAacutesa)

ucxoebisaT

vis

ucxoebisa

TAcircs

Περὶ ξενιτείας

Περὶ ἐνυπνίων

ἀκολουθούντ

ων

εἰσαγωγικοῖς

sizmarTaTv

is

4

S) wamebis

a

misTAcircs

romeli

iqmnebis

morCilebisa

meoTxe

aRsavali

netarisaTAcircs da

maradis

Atildesenebulisa

morCilebisa

4 Tavi ndash

morCilebis

aTvis

wmidisa

sizmarTaT

Acircs

Περὶ τῆς

μακαρίας καὶ

ἀειμνήστου

ὑπακοῆς

66

mier

5

e

sinanulisa

TAcircs

romelsa

Sina ityAcircs

dilegisa

misTAcircs

misive mexuTe

aRsavali

sinanulisaTAcircs

zrunvilisa da

WeSmaritisa

gancxadebulad

sinanulisa

Tvis es

morCilebi

saTAcircs es

Περὶ

μετανοίας

μεμεριμνημέν

ης καὶ

ἐναργοῦς ἐν ᾖ

καὶ Βίος τῶν

ἁγίων

καταδίκων καὶ

περὶ τῆς

φυλακῆς

6

v

AtildesenebisaTAcirc

s

sikudilisa

misive

AtildesenebisaTAcircs

sikudilisa

xsenebisa

sikudilisa

sinanulis

aTAcircs ese

arisve

Περὶ μνήμης

θανάτου

7

z codvaTa

ganmwmedel

isa

gloisaTAcircs

misive

sixarulis

moqmedisa

gloisaTAcircs

glovisaTAcircs

AtildesenebisaT

Acircs

sikudilis

a

Περὶ τοῦ

χαροποιοῦ

πένθους

8

Agrave

urisxvelob

isaTAcircs

misive

urisxvelobisa

TAcircs da

simSvidisa

urisxuelob

isaTvis

glovisaTAcirc

s

Περὶ

ἀοργησίας καὶ

πραότητος

9

T

Zacircris-

AtildesenebisaTAcirc

s

misive

ZAcircrisAtildesenebisaT

Acircs

TAcircs

Zacircrisxsenebi

sa

urisxvel

obisaTAcircs

Περὶ

μνησικακίας

i

Zacircris-

misive

ZAcircriszraxvisaT

Zacircriszraxvi

sa

Zacircris-

zraxvisaT

Περὶ

καταλαλιᾶς