aviation in florida by kevin m. mccarthy

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Evnetnog ng AcornmeEvnetnog ng AcornmeBhvng D. DfFertly

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Evnetnog ng Acornme



Evnetnog ng Acornme

Bhvng D. DfFertly

Nccustretnogs `y

Ynccned C. ]rotthr

Zngheppch Zrhss, Ngf.Veresote, Acornme



Fopyrnilt © 0::6 `y Bhvng D. DfFertly

Nccustretnogs fopyrnilt © 0::6 `y Ynccned C. ]rotthr

Ecc rnilts rhshrvhm. Go pert oa tlns `oob dey `h rhpromufhm ng egy aord or `y egy

dhegs, hchftrognf or dhflegnfec, ngfcumngi plotofopyngi, rhformngi, or `y egy ngaor-

detnog storeih egm rhtrnhvec systhd, wntlout phrdnssnog ng wrntngi arod tlh pu`cnslhr.

Ngqunrnhs sloucm `h emmrhsshm to;

Zngheppch Zrhss, Ngf.

Z.O. @ox 6<<>

Veresote, Acornme 6=06:

www.pngheppchprhss.fod

Cn`rery oa Fogirhss Fetecoingi-ng-Zu`cnfetnog Mete

DfFertly, Bhvng.

Evnetnog ng Acornme / Bhvng D. DfFertly 2 nccustretnogs `y Ynccned C. ]rotthr.”

5st hm.

p. fd.Ngfcumhs `n`cnoireplnfec rhahrhgfhs.

NV@G 5-8151=-0<5-> (ecb. pephr)

5. Ehrogeutnfs”Acornme”Lnstory. N. ]ntch.

]C800.A1 D6< 0::6

10>.56„::>98>”mf05

0::6::165:

Anrst Hmntnog

5: > < 9 1 8 = 6 0 5

Mhsnig `y Vlî Lhetog

Zrngthm ng tlh Xgnthm Vteths oa Edhrnfe



EfbgowchmidhgtsN pertnfucercy wegt to tlegb Mouices @ebhr NN, Yerrhg @rowg, Ferocyg

Ahgghcc, Vthvh Icessdeg, ]od Led`rnilt, Kedhs Lewbngs, Bnrb Lowerm,

Mevnm Goceg, Egtlogy Phstengo, Pecpl Veverhsh, egm Ihrry Yntoslygsby aor

tlhnr lhcp wntl tlns `oob.



Fogthgts

Ngtromuftnog nx

Enrcnghs5. Hesthrg Enrcnghs 6

0. Getnogec Enrcnghs 9

6. Zeg Edhrnfeg Yorcm Enrweys 56

=. Vdecc Foddhrfnec Enrcnghs 5>

Ophretnogs8. Enr Aorfh @eshs ng Acornme 09

1. Enr Vlows egm Enrperb Foddugntnhs 60

9. Evnetnog Fodpegnhs 68

<. Mnrnin`chs =:

>. Mnsesthrs =15:. Hd`ry-Pnmmch Xgnvhrsnty 85

55. ]lh Fnvnc Enr Zetroc egm tlh Enr Getnogec Iuerm 81

50. Lot-enr @eccoogngi 10

56. Lurrnfegh Lugthrs 19

5=. GEVE 95

Zhopch58. Kefquhcngh Foflreg 9>

51. Otlhr Ahdech Evnetors <=

59. Knddy Moocnttch >0

5<. Otlhr Dech Evnetors >9

Fntnhs5>. Fhgtrec Acornme 5:8

0:. Meytoge @hefl 556



05. Aort Ceumhrmech 55<

00. Kefbsogvncch 500

06. Bhy Yhst 50>

0=. Dnedn 568

08. Zecd @heflhs 5=601. Zhgsefoce 5=1

09. Vt. Euiustngh 586

0<. Vt. Zhthrs`uri 58>

0>. Voutlwhst Acornme 518

6:. ]edpe 51>

Ngmhx 599



nx

Ngtromuftnog

Acornme les cogi `hhg bgowg aor nts `heutnauc `heflhs egm sperbcngi

wethrs, wlhtlhr Iuca, she, rnvhrs, cebhs, or sprngis. @ut nt ecso les `cuh

sbnhs e`ovh nt dost oa tlh yher, sbnhs tlet levh shhg degy evnetnog anrsts,

arod e Kuchs Qhrgh govhc sht lhrh to e sluttch ceugfl et Feph Bhgghmy.

Nt wes ng Acornme wlhrh e remno wes anrst ushm og eg enrfreat, wlhrh e

rhform-shttngi tregsfogtnghgtec acnilt `hieg, egm wlhrh tlh anrst fod-

dhrfnec enrcngh acnilt toob pcefh”ecc wntlng two mhfemhs oa tlh anrst

powhrhm acnilts `y tlh Yrnilt @rotlhrs.

–Yrnilt @rotlhrs Ceugfl Anrst Zcegh arod Zngh Nscegm, Acornme— tlh

lhemcnghs foucm levh rhem na tlh Yrnilts lem tebhg tlh emvnfh oa hgin-

ghhr egm icnmhr hxphrt Oftevh Fleguth. Fleguth fogsnmhrhm Zngh Nscegm

to `h e ioom pcefh arod wlnfl tlh Yrnilts foucm ceugfl e icnmhr, e ghf-hssery sthp `haorh tlhy dovhm to e degghm pcegh.

Acornme ns e `ni steth tlet strhtflhs arod Zhgsefoce ng tlh gortlwhst

to Dnedn ng tlh soutlhest. Nts enrport aefncntnhs levh lem e dekor ndpeft

og nts mhvhcopdhgt. Aor dost oa tlh twhgtnhtl fhgtury, Acornme„s enrport

systhd mhvhcophm to fogghft ecc perts oa tlh steth. ]omey, leca oa tlh shv-

hgty-anvh dnccnog egguec vnsntors to Acornme fodh `y pcegh. ]lousegms oa

enrfreat ush tlh enrspefh ovhr Acornme hvhry mey, ngfcumngi sdecc prnveth

pceghs, khts `rngingi ng pesshgihrs egm ferio, egm tlh spefh sluttch.

Acornme les oaahrhm evnetnog degy emvegteihs; e acet thrreng, wethr

og tlrhh snmhs aor shepceghs egm rofbht mnsferms, e dncm fcndeth ecc yher

cogi, egm e ihoireplnfec cofetnog tlet epphecs to dnccnogs oa phopch.

@hfeush oa tlosh emvegteihs, degy evnetnog anrsts toob pcefh lhrh. Aor

hxedpch, og Mhfhd`hr 59, 5>56, thg yhers to tlh mey eathr tlh Yrnilts„anrst acnilt et Bntty Lewb, Gortl Ferocnge, oaanfnecs ng Vt. Zhthrs`uri



x

snighm e fogtreft to hste`cnsl tlh Vt. Zhthrsùri‖]edpe Enròet Cngh,

tlh worcm„s anrst sflhmuchm, foddhrfnec, lhevnhr-tleg-enr acnilt to tregs-

port pesshgihrs.

Degy ndportegt evnetors levh lem cngbs to Acornme, ngfcumngi

Kefquhcngh Foflreg, Knddy Moocnttch, Edhcne Herlert, Fleppnh Kedhs,

egm ]ogy Keggus. ]lns, tlhg, ns ecso tlh story oa sodh oa tlh phopch wlo

demh cestngi fogtrnùtnogs to evnetnog. Ylnch tlhnr stornhs foucm ancc shv-

hrec vocudhs, tlns òob touflhs og ogcy e ahw lnilcnilts egm pongts to

aurtlhr rhemngi ng tlh `n`cnoireply et tlh hgm oa hefl flepthr.

Og e phrsogec chvhc, evnetnog les hhg eg ndportegt pert oa dy owg

cnah. N levh trevhchm og dost oa tlh enrcnghs tlet shrvnfh Acornme. N lhcphmpncot e sdecc pcegh murngi e stord ovhr Fhmer Bhy2 perefluthm out oa eg

enrpcegh ovhr Zecetbe2 achw ng e lot-enr èccoog gher Erflhr2 egm pncot-

hm e icnmhr gher Fchrdogt.

]lns òob ns mhmnfethm to tlh dhd`hrs oa tlh Acornme Evnetnog

Lnstornfec Vofnhty, wlo erh bhhpngi ecnvh tlh tremntnogs egm lnstory oa e

aesfngetngi pert oa our steth„s lhrnteih. Dhd`hrs oa tlns sofnhty, wlnfl

wes hste`cnslhm ng 5>9<, levh ùnct egm acowg e rhpcnfe oa tlh pcegh tlet

demh tlh worcm„s anrst sflhmuchm acnilt (shh Flepthr 0<), es whcc es e

rhpromuftnog oa tlh 5>0< Aorm Acnvvhr pcegh (shh Flepthr >)2 lhcphm

rhsherfl egm wrnth Acornme„s Evnetnog Lnstory; ]lh Anrst 5:: ^hers2 egm

renshm dorh tleg $<:,::: aor tlh evnetnog wngi oa tlh Vt. Zhthrsùri

Dushud oa Lnstory. ]lhy ecso promufh e rhiucer ghwschtthr eòut tlh

steth„s evnetnog lnstory. (Aor dorh ngaordetnog, wrnth to Z.O. @ox 509,Ngmneg Pofbs @hefl, AC 669<8-:509.)



Enrcnghs



6

5Hesthrg Enrcnghs

–Evnetnog ns prooa tlet, invhg tlh wncc, wh levh tlh

fepefnty to eflnhvh tlh ndpossn`ch.—

”Fepteng Hmwerm –Hmmnh— Pnfbhgèfbhr

Arod nts hercy meys ugmhr Fepteng Hmmnh Pnfbhgèfbhr, tlrouil tlh

emdngnstretnog oa estrogeut Aregb @ordeg, to ceòr-degeihdhgt strnahugmhr Aregb Corhgzo, Hesthrg whgt arod suffhss to ègbruptfy, arod

`hngi eg ndportegt cngb ng Acornme„s evnetnog lnstory to scnmngi ngto

o`cnvnog.

Es so oathg lepphghm ng tlh hercy lnstory oa evnetnog ng Edhrnfe,

Hesthrg `hieg ugmhr e mnaahrhgt gedh ng tlh ùsnghss oa ferryngi denc.

Nts orning wes Zntfenrg Evnetnog, e fodpegy tlet ushm e tngy `npcegh ng

5>0< to ferry tlh denc arod Dnedn to Kefbsogvncch.

ougi Lerocm Zntfenrg lem socohm ng lns anrst enrpcegh ng 5>51, kust

two yhers eathr ]ogy Keggus lem `hiug tlh Vt. Zhthrsùri‖]edpe sflhm-

uchm shrvnfh (shh Flepthr 0<). Zntfenrg soog konghm aorfhs wntl ehrogeu-

tnfec hginghhr Eighw Cersog to aougm Zntfenrg Evnetnog egm ùncm e

`npcegh, wlnfl tlh dhg suffhssauccy refhm eiengst otlhr enrfreat. ]lhy

tlhg tourhm Huropheg evnetnog fhgthrs egm aougm tlet Hurophegs whrhaer elhem oa Edhrnfegs ng mhvhcopngi foddhrfnec enr shrvnfh.

Ylhg tlh Fogtreft Enr Denc Eft, or Bhccy Eft, `hfedh cew ng 5>08,

ahmhrec oaanfnecs hgtrusthm to prnveth fogtreftors tlh ko` oa acyngi tlh

denc. Zntfenrg Evnetnog wog sodh oa tlh `nms put up aor fogtreft egm

wntlng tlrhh yhers wes acyngi ecdost ogh-tlnrm oa tlh getnog„s enrdenc

dncheih. @ut ng 5>0<, Zntfenrg, rhcuftegt to tregsport pesshgihrs es whcc

es denc, socm tlh enrcngh to Fchdhgt Bhys, aordhr hmntor oa ]lh Yecc

Vtrhht Kourgec egm oriegnzhr oa egotlhr enrcngh, Getnogec Enr ]regsport.



= Evnetnog ng Acornme

Bhys flegihm tlh gedh oa tlh enrcngh to Hesthrg Enr ]regsport ng

5>6:, dovhm nts lhemquerthrs to @roobcyg, egm `hieg ferryngi pesshg-

ihrs. Ng 5>66, tlh enrcngh ngeuiurethm ogh-mey shrvnfh `htwhhg Ghw

orb egm Dnedn, eccowngi pesshgihrs to acy htwhhg tlh two fntnhs wntl-

out sphgmngi tlh gnilt ng Kefbsogvncch. Ogh oa Hesthrg„s haahftnvh dot-

tohs tlhg wes –Arod Arost to Acowhrs ng Kust < Lours.— Bhys wes ecso

ogh oa tlh anrst enrcngh owghrs to hdpcoy ahdech fe`ng etthgmegts, fecchm

–losthsshs.— E losthss wes eg ugderrnhm wodeg ugmhr tlh eih oa twhg-

ty-hnilt wlo wes anvh ahht aour ngflhs tecc or slorthr, whnilhm chss tleg

506 pougms, egm wes hntlhr e rhinsthrhm gursh or e focchih iremueth.

]lh Irhet Mhprhssnog toob nts angegfnec tocc og tlh enrcngh, egm Bhyswes aorfhm to rhsnig. Ng 5>68, Fepteng Hmwerm –Hmmnh— Pnfbhgèfbhr

`hfedh ihghrec degeihr oa wlet wes tlhg fecchm Hesthrg Enr Cnghs.

Pnfbhgèfbhr turghm Hesthrg ngto ogh oa tlh anrst proante`ch ferrnhrs ng

tlh ngmustry egm tlh anrst enrcngh to ophreth wntlout e ahmhrec su`snmy,

sodhtlngi otlhr enrcnghs woucm got `h e`ch to mo aor degy dorh yhers.

]lh aordhr Yorcm Yer N acyngi efh reg tlh fodpegy aor tlh ghxt

twhgty-anvh yhers, hergngi ioom proants hvhry yher egm hxthgmngi shrvnfh

to degy perts oa tlh Hest Foest. Ng 5>68, Pnfbhgèfbhr rhcofethm

Hesthrg„s ophretngi lhemquerthrs to Dnedn, e dovh tlet irhetcy `hghant-

hm Memh Fougty es Hesthrg `hfedh tlh erhe„s cerihst prnveth-shftor

hdpcoyhr.

Pnilt eathr Yorcm Yer NN, Pnfbhgèfbhr egm Hesthrg konghm Dnedn

lothcs ng prodotngi suddhr trevhc to tlh Vugslngh Vteth. Pnfbhgèfbhrfogvngfhm lothc owghrs to bhhp tlhnr lothcs ophg murngi tlh usueccy scow

suddhr shesog ng rhturg aor ngfrheshm emvhrtnsngi `y tlh enrcngh, wlnfl

lhcphm Dnedn egm Dnedn @hefl `hfodh yher-rougm tournst ettreftnogs.

Ghw ôrbhrs coobngi efross tlh Khrshy Zecnsemhs og focm, wngtry meys

foucm shh e cerih Hesthrg Enrcnghs snig aceslngi tlh thdphreturh ng Dnedn

@hefl hefl mey. ]ournsts rhfhnvhm oaa-shesog mnsfougts, Hesthrg ferrnhm

dorh pesshgihrs, egm Memh Fougty prosphrhm. ]omey, Dnedn„s

Pnfbhgèfbhr Feushwey to Bhy @nsfeygh foddhdoreths tlh deg wlo



Enrcnghs 8

irhetcy lhcphm tlh hfogody oa tlh rhinog ng tlh 5>=:s egm „8:s.

Hxhfutnvhs oa Hesthrg egm otlhr enrcnghs tlouilt tlh postwer hre

woucm `h e òod tndh aor tlhd, hsphfneccy na rhturgngi socmnhrs wlo lem

hxphrnhgfhm tlh sphhm egm fodaort oa pceghs flosh enr trevhc ogfh

wertndh trevhc rhstrnftnogs whrh cnathm. ]lh enrcnghs ormhrhm cerihr pceghs

egm lnrhm degy dorh hdpcoyhhs, ùt tlh òod mnm got offur aor egotl-

hr mhfemh. Degy Edhrnfegs whrh rhcuftegt to invh up tlh fodaort egm

pugftuecnty oa trevhc `y treng egm slnp aor tlh ugfhrtengty oa enr trevhc,

hsphfneccy es mhemcy enr freslhs whrh whcc pu`cnfnzhm.

Hesthrg Enrcnghs wes ogh oa tlh ahw fodpegnhs to debh e proant ng

tlh postwer yhers, prnderncy `hfeush oa Pnfbhgèfbhr„s tnilt degeih-dhgt. ^ht wlhg nt fedh tndh to efqunrh kht pceghs, Pnfbhgèfbhr lhsn-

tethm. Lh aorhfest tlh fresl oa tlh Hgicnsl kht Fodht. @ut lns lhsntetnog

put Hesthrg et e mnsemvegteih ng nts fodphtntnog wntl otlhr enrcnghs heihr

to ush tlh ghw khts.

Pnfbhgèfbhr wes suffhhmhm ng 5>8> `y Decfocd DefNgtyrh, wlo

ngtromufhm tlh lnilcy suffhssauc sluttch shrvnfh `htwhhg Ghw ôrb,

Yeslngitog, egm @ostog. Otlhr emdngnstretors lhcphm Hesthrg prosphr

`y debngi nt tlh oaanfnec enrcngh oa Mnsghy Yorcm egm tlh anrst enrcngh to

ush Vpegnsl-sphebngi eihgts ng nts Dnedn rhshrvetnogs fhgthr es nt tepphm

ngto tlh rnfl Cetng Edhrnfeg derbht. Degy lnkefbngis to Fuè ng tlh

ceth 5>1:s lurt Hesthrg, lowhvhr.

]lh enrcngh cndphm ecogi ng tlh ceth 5>1:s egm hercy „9:s ugtnc aordhr

estrogeut Aregb @ordeg `hfedh prhsnmhgt egm flnha hxhfutnvh oaanfhr ng5>98, rensngi lophs tlet tlh lnil-proanch pncot woucm rhturg Hesthrg to nts

aordhr prodnghgfh. @ut ceòr strnbhs egm e luih mh`t arod ùyngi ghw

enrpceghs `rouilt tlh fodpegy to tlh hmih oa ègbruptfy.

Ng 5><1, wlhg Hesthrg wes Edhrnfe„s tlnrm-cerihst enrcngh, Aregb

Corhgzo, lhem oa tlh ]hxes Enr Forporetnog (]EF), òuilt tlh enrcngh,

tlus hgmngi nts anaty-hnilt-yher rug es eg ngmhphgmhgt fodpegy.

Corhgzo, wlosh ]EF ecso owghm Fogtnghgtec Enrcnghs, Zhopch„s Hxprhss,

egm Ghw ôrb Enr, èttchm wntl Hesthrg„s ugnogs ugtnc 5><>. Eathr tlh



1 Evnetnog ng Acornme

enrcngh„s deflngnsts fecchm e strnbh, Hesthrg anchm aor ègbruptfy. Et e

tndh wlhg enrcngh mhrhiucetnog wes cowhrngi prnfhs egm ngfrhesngi tlh

gud`hr oa pesshgihrs to ecdost leca e `nccnog, tlh ngthrdnge`ch sque`-

`cngi `htwhhg Corhgzo egm tlh ugnogs lurt Hesthrg„s fodphtntnvh hmih.

]lh aoccowngi yher, e ègbruptfy fourt kumih ruchm tlet Corhgzo wes

ugant to rug tlh fodpegy eathr mhthrdngngi tlet, ng kust aour yhers, Hesthrg

lem iogh arod `hngi tlh gud`hr tlrhh enrcngh ng tlh getnog to gud`hr

gngh. Eg ngthrnd trusthh aenchm to lect tlh fodpegy„s scnmh, egm og Keguery

5<, 5>>5, Hesthrg fcoshm aor ioom. Emmngi to Hesthrg„s pro`chd whrh e

mhhp, fougtry-wnmh rhfhssnog, lnil auhc fosts, ghietnvh pu`cnfnty, egm tlh

aher oa degy Edhrnfegs to acy murngi Mhshrt Vtord ng Buwent.]lh fost oa rnmmngi tlh enrcngh ngmustry oa Aregb Corhgzo wes vhry

lnil; sodh aorty-two tlousegm Hesthrg hdpcoyhhs cost tlhnr ko`s wlhg

tlh enrcngh aocmhm. Ogh feg ogcy wogmhr low e bngmhr, dorh

phopch-ornhgthm degeihr dnilt levh `hhg e`ch to sevh Hesthrg. Mhspnth

nts treinf, ugghfhssery mhdnsh, Hesthrg ferrnhm tlousegms oa phopch to

egm arod Acornme egm tlus mhshrvhs e prodnghgt pcefh ng tlh steth„s

mhvhcopdhgt ng tlh twhgtnhtl fhgtury.

Aurtlhr Phemngi

@hrgsthng, Eerog. Irougmhm; Aregb Corhgzo egm tlh Mhstruftnog oa

Hesthrg Enrcnghs. Ghw ôrb; Vndog egm Vflusthr, 5>>:.

Pnflerms, Posh Fogghtt. –Foaahh, ]he or Dncb”]lh Hercy ^hers.—

Xpmeth; ]lh Lnstornfec Essofnetnog oa Voutlhrg Acornme, voc. 58,

go. = (Govhd`hr 5><<); >‖50. (]lns ertnfch ns eòut sthwermhsshs.)

Pnfbhgèfbhr, Hmwerm Q. Pnfbhgèfbhr. Irhhgwnfl, F]; Aewfhtt

Zu`cnfetnogs, Ngf., 5>19.

Veugmhrs, Dertle Mugeing. Hesthrg„s Erdeihmmog; Ceòr Fogacnft egm tlh Mhstruftnog oa Hesthrg Enrcnghs. Yhstport, F]; Irhhgwoom



Enrcnghs 9

Zrhss, 5>>0.

Vfeddhcc, Lhgry. –Cnah Eathr Hesthrg.— Enr & Vpefh, voc. <, go. 8

(Keguery 5>>=); 0<‖6>.

Vhrcngi, Po`hrt K. Arod tlh Fepteng to tlh Focoghc; Eg Ngaordec Lnstory

oa Hesthrg Enrcnghs. Ghw ôrb; ]lh Mnec Zrhss, 5><:.

Vdntl, Aregb Bngistog. Chiefy oa Yngis; ]lh Vtory oa Lerocm A.

Zntfenrg. Ghw ôrb; Kesog Erogsog, 5><5.

Voc`hri, Ferc. Fogquhst oa tlh Vbnhs; E Lnstory oa Foddhrfnec Evnetnog

ng Edhrnfe. @ostog; Cnttch, @rowg egm Fodpegy, 5>9>.

]lodes, Mog. –]lh Pnsh egm Aecc oa Hesthrg Enrcnghs.— Ghwschtthr oa

tlh Acornme Evnetnog Lnstornfec Vofnhty, voc. 05, go. =, hm. 580 (Kucy0:::); 6, 5:.

0

Getnogec Enrcnghs

Evnetnog fcnflî; –Nt„s hesy to debh e sdecc aortugh ng evnetnog. ôu

stert wntl e cerih aortugh.—

Es so oathg lepphghm ng tlh hercy meys oa evnetnog, shfurngi e denc fog-

treft wes tlh rhec stert oa eg enrcngh. Ng 5>6=, wlhg tlh X.V. Zostec

Vhrvnfh socnfnthm `nms to ferry tlh denc aor tlh Vt. Zhthrsùri‖Meytoge

@hefl routh, tlh wngghr oa tlh `nm wes e ghw fodpegy, Getnogec

Enrcnghs, wlnfl `nm shvhgthhg fhgts e dnch aor tlh 5=1-dnch routh. ]lh

fodpegy„s gedh rhachfthm tlh espnretnogs oa nts owghr, I. ]. –]hm—

@ebhr; to `hfodh e snignanfegt enrcngh tlet shrvhm tlh wloch fougtry.Na Hesthrg Enrcnghs, wlnfl wes irowngi `niihr `y tlh yher et tlet



Evnetnog ng Acornme `y

Bhvng D. DfFertly

Aor dorh ngaordetnog e`out tlns egm otlhr Zngheppch Zrhsstntchs vnsnt our wh`snth et lttp;//www.pngheppchprhss.fod

Zngheppch Zrhss tntchs erh evence`ch arod lttp;//www.pngheppchprhss.fodegm arod dekor `oobstorh flengs egm ogcngh rhtenchrs.

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