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Aviation and Environment - Setting the Scene

ICAO Secretariat

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Aviation in context: contributions across Social, Economic and Environmental pillars of Sustainable Development

Global Economy

Fast, reliable, and safe mode of

transport

No comparative alternatives for long

haul passenger transport

Slide 3

ICAO Environmental Goals

QuantifyMitigate

Implement

Limit or reduce the number of people affected by significant

aircraft noise

Limit or reduce the impact of aviation GHG emissions on

global climate

Limit or reduce the impact of aviation emissions on local air

quality

Minimize the adverse effect of global civil aviation on the environment

Slide 4

Quantification, Mitigation and Implementation

• Data Collection and Compilation (Noise, NOx, SOx, CO, RTK, Fuels, CO2 emissions reduction)

• Forecasting• Modelling

Approach to Quantification through:

• Technology and Standards • Operational Measures• Market-based Measures• Alternative Fuels• Others (land-use planning and

environmental control, EMS, etc)

Approach to Mitigation through:

• Balanced Approach for Noise Management / Balanced Approach and Noise charge guidance

• LAQ guidance manual / LAQ charge guidance• States’ action plans for CO2 emissions reduction and Assistance to States /

action plan guidance

Approach to Implementation through:

Slide 5

Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection - CAEP

Council

Air Navigation Commission

Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection

Air Transport Committee

Established by the ICAO Council in 1983, superseding the Committee on Aircraft Noise (CAN) and the Committee on Aircraft Engine Emissions (CAEE).

Assists the ICAO Council in formulating new policies and adopting new SARPS for aircraft noise and aircraft engine emissions.

Undertakes specific studies related to control of noise and emissions.

ICAO ASSEMBLY

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ICAO SARPs and Guidance

ICAO SARPs Annex 16 – Volume I Aircraft Noise & Volume II Aircraft Engine Emissions

ICAO GUIDANCE (examples) NOISE – Guidance on the Balanced Approach to Aircraft Noise Management (Doc 9829)

EMISSIONS – Guidance on the Use of Emissions Trading for Aviation (Doc 9885)

Slide 7

ICAO Policy on Environment

A37-18: Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies and practices related to environmental protection – General provisions, noise and local air quality

A37-19: Consolidated statement of continuing ICAO policies and practices related to environmental protection – Climate change

Slide 8

Key Elements of Assembly Resolution A37-19

1. Global aspirational goals for the international aviation sector of improving 2% annual fuel efficiency and stabilizing its global CO2 emissions at 2020 levels, and further work to explore the feasibility of a long-term global aspirational goal

2. Development of a global CO2 certification Standard for aircraft

3. Facilitation of developing and deploying sustainable alternative fuels for aviation

Slide 9

Key Elements of Assembly Resolution A37-19

4. Development of a framework for market-based measures (MBMs), and exploration of a global MBM scheme

5. States’ action plans, covering information on CO2 emissions reduction activities and assistance needs

- States to identify measures on CO2 emissions reduction activities

- ICAO to monitor progress in achieving the global aspirational goals and address assistance needs of States

6. Concrete steps to assist States to contribute to global efforts

Slide 10

CO2 Emissions Trends

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Basket of Measures

• Aircraft related technology development • Operational improvements• Sustainable Alternative fuels • Market-based measures • Other

Slide 12

Technology and Standards:Development of a CO2 Standard

• The aircraft CO2 Standard will result in a new Annex 16 Vol. III

• Two phases in the approach:– Phase 1

• Development of CO2 Certification Requirement (metric system, procedures, applicability);

– Phase 2• CO2 Standard setting process (stringency levels,

technology responses, cost effectiveness assessments and interdependencies).

CO2 certification requirements agreed by CAEP/9 in February 2013

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Operational Improvements

• Improved air traffic management and infrastructure use

• More efficient operations

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Sustainable drop-in Alternative Fuels for Aviation

• One of the most exiting and promising opportunities for reducing aviation CO2 emissions, while improving local air quality

• Airlines are using sustainable drop-in biofuels from different feedstocks that do not require changes to aircraft or fuel delivery infrastructure

• Technological aspects are proved to be viable

• Challenges:– Scale-up production – lower costs– Harmonization of sustainability

criteria (lifecycle CO2 benefits)

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Market-Based Measures

• MBMs aim to contribute to the achievement of environmental goals, at a lower cost, and in a more flexible manner, than traditional command and control regulatory measures

• The 37th Assembly requested the development of a framework for MBMs, and the exploration of a global MBM scheme

• Substantial effort by ICAO in responding to requests for a global scheme and a framework for MBMs

• Feasibility of three options for a global MBM scheme recognized by the ICAO council

• Next steps for a global MBM scheme and proposal on the framework for MBMs are to be considered by the 38th Assembly

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States’ Action Plans

• For StatesOpportunity to identify and communicate measures to address CO2 emissions from international aviation as well as any assistance needs to implement the measures

• For ICAOAssess the global progress towards the achievement of aspirational goals and address specific assistance needs of States.

Concrete action to address CO2 emissions

Communication Tool between ICAO and its Member States

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Current status of the Action Plan submitted

78.96%

13.26%

7.78%

63 States, representing 78.96% international RTK, submitted an Action Plan as of August 2013

63 States submitted anAction Plan

20 States plan to submitan Action Plan in 2013

Remaining States

92.16 %

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Assistance requested by States

Assistance requested to ICAO /ENV to develop Action Plan

Assistance requested to ICAO/TCB/ENV to develop/implement Action Plan

Assistance requested to ICAO for the implementation of measures identified through Action Plan

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ICAO ENV Tools

Carbon Emissions Calculatorto calculate the carbon dioxide emissions from air travel for use in offset programmes

Green Meetings Calculatorto support decision-making in reducing the carbon emissions from air travel to attend meetings

Fuel Savings Estimation Toolto assist the States to estimate fuel savings from operational improvements in a manner consistent with the models approved by CAEP and aligned with the Global Air Navigation Plan

Additionally available as Apple and Android

applications

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Cooperation

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Key ENV Deliverables(2010 – 2013)

Assembly Resolutions• A37-18: Noise and LAQ emissions• A37-19: Climate change ICAO SARPs Annex 16, Vol. I (noise); Vol. II (LAQ emissions; new Vol. III (CO2) - in progress

ICAO Guidance (e.g. Airport Air Quality Manual, Guidance for States’ Action Plans) Alternative Fuels (e.g. Workshop, Rio+20 initiative, SUSTAF experts group)MBMs Analyses – MBM experts group

Trends Assessment – Noise, LAQ, CO2

Action PlansUN Cooperation / Outreach

ICORAS/EDM

Apps for Apple and Android

ENV Tools & Apps

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Additional information

For more information on our activities, please visit ICAO’ website: http://www.icao.int/env