avenues for research & updates in ayurveda

8/2/2019 Avenues for Research & Updates in Ayurveda

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Avenues for

Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/

& Updates inAyurveda


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Abhijna 2012 . . . A journey towards Anweshanaon 8th

March 2012

at Govt. Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore

Develop something what people wantevelop something what people wantand NOT What you can do.nd NOT What you can do.

Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda



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Dedicated to the Ayurveda Scientist

Who followed Doing Nothing in his Life time


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Ayurveda Research Updatesare many but to narratethem becomes difficult - As many of them are notpublished in any media or

known to any body Today we (try to) deal withResearch -

Researcher

Research Typology Avenues Updates Examples

Future Research proposals




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India has a vast history of Human, Animal &Plants healing techniques as Ayurveda,

Vrukshayurveda, Pashu

Ayurveda,

Hastyayurveda, etc.

The healing techniques are based onfundamentals and principles - that are derived

after a long term research and observation.

Basement and Roots are neglected and theBeauty of Tree or Building is prized

In Ayurveda Siddhanta, Dravyaguna,Rasashastra, etc. are Basement departments

We try to open Nut principles and Products that are kept for the validation with the presentday philosophy




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Research . . .

The research is defined as -

systematic

investigation and study of materials,sources, etc., in order to establish factsand reach conclusions or a search for

knowledge. Research is not just a method, it is asystem of organised knowledge Research is a social activity carried outby groups of competing / co-operating /

communicating scientists (persons)




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Research:Increasing Options in Ayurveda

Dissolving Boundaries between Sciences ! Interdisciplinary / Trans-disciplinary approach

Dept of AYUSH / CCRAS

Require Research Officers / Project staff ICMR institutes

Requires trained in clinical research

CSIR: Council for Scientific and IndustrialResearch: www.csir.res.in

JRF / SRF program, Project staff


http://www.csir.res.in/http://www.csir.res.in/


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Research Related Courses available for Ayur-Graduate

MD./MS Ph.D. M.Sc. Health Sciences Dietetics Bioinformatics Clinical Research (www.icriindia.com)

Clinical Toxicology

Directorate of Forensic Laboratory, Mumbai

Short Courses in various institutes M.Tech

(Bio-geosciences) atTamilnadu


http://www.icriindia.com/http://www.icriindia.com/


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Teaching levels for PGs

1. Concept & principles2.

Clinical uses

3. Research insights4.

Innovative ideas, Newer applications

5. Development of technologies, products6. Value addition to scientific knowledge

UG level

PG level




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A Post-graduate is . . .

A Graduate

In-depth knowledge of subject

Good clinical experience & application

Research Methodology & Biostatistics

Update information

Soft skills

Innovative approach+

= A Post-graduate




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Research : Key issues

Methodology is important Standard Design developed as per researchquestion raised Each situation demand different methodology

Availability of Opportunities in Ayur-researchEye can see when brain knows !Eye can see when brain knows ! --

DrDr AbhayAbhay

BangBang




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Lacunae at Ayurveda Research Choosing a topic and a

supervisor

Reviewing the literature

Stating the hypothesis

Project outline Record keeping and note

making

Registering your research

project

Research protocol

Ethical approval

Funding

Data collection

Interpretation of data

Writing the report

Presenting a paper Writing a paper for

publication




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Checklist for Success (Do I Have?)

Impressive Background

Sound Language (Sanskrit, Hindi,English)

Communication skills

Attitude & Experience

Passion/ Strong desire

Knowledge of Current Medical /Scientific Affairs Knowledge of Computers




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What counts as research? Analysis of data from a patients medical notes(includes use of medical notes to identify

potential participants re eligibility criteria) Observations

Conducting surveys/ interviews

Using non-invasive imaging

Using blood or tissue samples

Trials of interventions (drugs, devices,surgical procedures or any other treatments /therapies)




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Safeguards & Vetting

Scientific value

Proper research question, methodology, samplesize Ethical aspects Recruitment Sample size Informed consent

Monitoring of research:

Quality control Maintenance

Adherence to protocol

Avoiding Misconduct in Research

Vetting

Monitoring




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Steps in the

Research Process1. Define your research needs2. Develop a research strategy

3. Conduct searches for information

4. Evaluate the resources that you

find5. Incorporate and cite the

information you use

Research is a process made up of many small steps.




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Defining Your Research Needs Make sure that you

understand yourassignment.

The next step in the processis defining what you need.

Then distinguish between

different types of resourcesto decide which to use.




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Protocol of a clinical trial1.Definition2.Importance3.Format

(a) Title page

(b) background and hypothesis

(c) Study design

(d) Materials and methodology

(e) Data collection and handling

(f) Statistical analysis(g) References

(h) Summary




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Researcher ResponsibilitiesThe researchers have day-to-day

responsibility for research conduct Need to ensure:

Adherence to agreed protocols

Appropriate care of research participants(working with health care professionals)

Protection of the integrity and

confidentiality of data

Reporting of adverse events or suspectedmisconduct




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Researcher Misconduct

Falsification, fabrication, Plagiarism

(theft of data or samples)

Unauthorized use of privilegedinformation

Abuse of authorship

Significant failure to comply with

federal, state, or University rulesregarding research




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Data Items in Clinical TrialsProne to Fraud

Eligibility criteria, Repeated measurements,Adverse events, Compliance & Subject diaries

1. Neverdiscard original research data.2.

Missing data and outliers are very realphenomena in contemporary medical research.

3. Have faith in the wondrously stochastic (Being or

having a random

variable) and random nature of real

human data, features most difficult to capture

with fraud.

Care these sentences




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Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/


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Research Misconduct- FFP

As defined by Office of Research Integrity

Fabrication, Falsification, Plagiarism,or other practices that seriouslydeviate from those that are commonly

accepted in the scientific communityfor proposing, conducting, orreporting research

Not honest error or differences inopinion


Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.webs.com/


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Fabrication

Intentionally creating records that do not exist and forwhich there is no truth with the intent to mislead ordeceive

Interviewer completing a questionnaire for a fictitioussubject that was never interviewed

Preparing records for follow-up calls or contacts tosubjects who were really lost to follow-up

Creating notes for a subject visit that never took place

Eric Poehlman, PhD -

UVM College of Medicine

fabricated data in 17 grant applications forfederal funding as well as in journal articles -Barred for life from receiving any federal fundsfor research

plead guilty to fraud sentenced

in 6/06 to a year and one day in prison (NYTimes article An Unwelcome Discovery

-

10/22/06)




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Falsification

Alteration of data collected in the conduct ofscientific investigation

Omission/deletion/suppression of conflictingdata without scientific justification

Back-dating interviews to fit within the timelineprovided in protocol

Changing a subjects age in data records by anunimportant amount to fit enrollment criteria

Joy Bryant and Diana Layman -

Falsified

research in study by substituting their own

blood for the 10-15 blood samples of childstudy participants as required by the protocol -

Entered into Voluntary Exclusion Agreementfor 3 years




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Plagiarism Self-plagiarism

Intentional use of someone elses words,thoughts, or ideas, as though they are your

own

Also includes self-plagiarism

author using

his/her own published material in another workwithout citation

Ali Sultan, MD, PhD -From Harvard School ofPublic Health - -

Plagiarized text and figures from

emails from his post-doctoral student -

-

Also

falsified results of research, and fabricated parts of

emails from the student to falsely implicate thestudent

For 3 years debarred from contracting orsubcontracting w/ any US Govt

agency




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Consider

Who developed the concept of the paper?

Who conducted the actual research?

Who wrote and/or edited the draft?

Who calculated the statistics?

Should these people be listed as authors?




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Research Validation

Validation / Understanding of Ayurveda Principles

Inventing / Discovery Newer techniques

Computers in research

Pharmaceutical sciences

Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Molecular Biology

Types & Designs

Traditional and modern aspects

Relevance, utility and feasibility for Unani

/ Siddha

/

Homeopathy / Nature cure /Yoga research




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Concerns for All Designs

Choosing Subjects

Target population

Study sample

Generalizing

Inclusion/Exclusion

Recruitment Effect size

Formulas

Software Data collection

Data cleaning

Data analysis

Ethical Principles

Measurements

Continuous/Discrete/Categorical/Ordinal

Precision/Reproducible/Reliable

Accuracy

Sensitivity/Specificity

Objectivity

Sample size/Power Hypothesis

Errors (Type I, Type II)




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Error Types Type I error

Occurs if the null hypothesis

is rejected. False positive

The probability of making atype I error is denoted as

Type II error A type II error occurs if the

null hypothesis is accepted, i.e.an insignificant result isobtained, when the null

hypothesis is in fact not true. The probability of making a

type II error is denoted as .

Causes of measurement error

1. Observer error

(a) Inter-observer inaccuracies(b) Digit preference

(c) Question variation

2. Subject inaccuracies

(a) Natural variation(b) Unconscious bias

(c) Recall and motivation

(d) Compliance

3.Equipment inaccuracies(a) Zero errors

(b) Gain errors

(c) Precision




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-The Ayurvedic field has a vast scope for researchin variety of ways. - Inviting the Ethnic Knowledge or/and principlesynchronizing knowledge in to Ayurveda- All what is needed that, it should benefit Ayurvedaand the society at large.

Possible Ayurvedic Researches



A) Literary Research

B) Fundamental ResearchC) Clinical ResearchD) Drug ResearchE) Inter Disciplinary Research


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Discuss your research with astatistician

BEFORE you begin your research WHILE you are collecting data WHEN you are ready to analyze WHEN you are writing your manuscript Stratified randomization should be usedfor factors that are believed to

significantly influence the outcome.




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Types of Research Designs Descriptive research Correlational research - Involves measuringwhether there is a relationship between two

or more variables

Experimental research - Generallyconsidered the most powerful tool fordetermining cause-and-effect relationships

between variables

Independent variable (IV)

Dependent variable (DV)




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Compare the method




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LITERARY RESEARCH RESOURCES

AYURVEDICLITERATURE NON-AYURVEDICLITERATURE

Published

Unpublished

Catalogues

Non catalogues

Vedas

Upanishads

Puranas

Arthashastra




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Three dimensions of academic research

community

person knowledge

meeting

sincerity theory

publication

controversyauthority

experiment




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Observational

Longitudinal

Cross-sectionalProspective Retrospective

Survey

Cohort studies Case control studies




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Clinical research Research involving human Many types1. Preventive (Pollution and traffic police)2.

Diagnostic (AIDS, Ca on Unani

parameters)

3. Treatment intervention (Sports and regimental therapies)4.

Safety and efficacy (Kushta)

5. Newer applications (Massage for chronicfatigue syndrome)6.

New scales, measurements, techniques




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Experimental Research Experimental group

Group that is subjected to the independent variable

Cognitive-behavioral treatment group or new anti-depressant group

Control group

Group that is similar in every way to the experimental group except forthe manipulation of the independent variable

Random assignment makes control group to be similar in every way

Untreated wait-list control group

Placebo group

Group that does NOT receive treatment including active ingredient(special type of control group)

Double-blind design is often used ( sugar pill )

Or supportive group therapy




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Basic skills for a laboratory scientist Basic Computer skill, Paper reading & writing,

Understanding and use of the literature, Productivity

Scientific attitude: Desire to get the bottom of things

NO premature conclusion Spending time & effort to make things better and /or

more efficient

Not afraid of learning new things

Full understanding of instruments in the experiment

Not willing to leave any mysteries or poorlyunderstood phenomenon behind in Research

Low tolerance for black box Good citizenship in a laboratory

Willingness to help and collaborate with colleagues

Being a considerate colleague




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150 AD. Galenbeginssystematic studyof animal

physiology,vivisectionbegins. What helearns is used in

the practice ofhuman medicinefor the next1000+ years.

Animals in Medicine started long back




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1726Stephen Halesfirst measures

blood pressurein a horse

1982Treatment for leprosydeveloped usingArmadillos

1901-1939Animal researchadvances ourunderstanding of

blood, makingtransfusionspossible

1982

Prions are discovered inhamsters. Subsequentstudies in mice have shownthat these misshaped,disease-causing proteins canbe inherited



Prions are an infectiousprotein particle similar to avirus but lacking

nucleic

acid;

2012???
http://www.fbresearch.org/survivors/index2.htm


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Number and kinds of animals used

The Office of Technology Assessment estimates that 17-23million animals

are used in the United States for research every

year.

The vast majority of these about 95% are rats and mice specifically bred for research.

In 2000, there were 69,516 dogs and 25,560 cats used inresearch.

By comparison, wildlife biologists estimate that over one millionanimals are killed every dayby automobiles over 365 million

per year.

Dogs, cats, and non-human primates combinedaccount for

less than 3/4 of a percent of the total and their numbers hasbeen declining for nearly 30 years.

The number of dogs used in biomedical research has declined67% since 1973, and the number of cats used in biomedical

research has declined 63% since 1973.


Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda


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TYPES OF ANIMALS USED IN ANIMAL RESEARCH

1. 84% Rats, mice and otherrodents

2. 12% Fish, amphibians,reptiles and birds

3. 1.5% Small mammals,mostly

rabbits

4. 2.1% Sheep, cows, pigs andother large mammals

5. 0.3% Dogs and cats.

6. 0.15% Monkeys, such asmarmosets and macaques



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How can research results derived from animal

testing be extrapolated to humans?

There are striking similarities

between the physiological

systems of humans and various species of animals.

Much of what we know about the immune

system has

come from studies with mice,

Much of what we know about the cardiovascular

system

has come from studies with dogs.

Research results from animals also provide the informationnecessary to design human trials that must be completed

for legal approval of new devices, drugs or procedures.

It is important to be able to gauge how a new drug orprocedure will affect a whole biological system before

using it on humans.Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda


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Why is it important to conduct product safety tests on animals

when "cruelty-free" products are available?

As recently as several decades ago, consumerswere subjected to products that were not

adequately tested prior to use, resulting inreports of permanent harm, including blindness.

Product safety

testing ensures that products are

safe when used as directed.

Testing provides scientific data for poisoncontrol centers and emergency room physiciansin the event a product is misused.

Adequate testing of products is a legalobligation to the public.

It is important to remember the circumstancesthat led to safety testing of all new consumer

ingredients and products, particularly cosmetics.Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda


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The use of animals in product safetytesting provides a whole, living systemthat can reflect how certain substanceswill react in or on the body.

The term "cruelty-free" is often misusedand misunderstood.

Companies that claim they conduct noanimal testing either contract testing to anoutside laboratory or use compounds

known to be safe through previous animaltesting.



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Cohort Study

A

cohort study or

panel study is a

form of longitudinal study (a typeof observational study) used

in

medicine Eg: Birth cohort

It is an analysis of

risk factors

and

follows a group of people who do nothave the disease, and usescorrelations to determine the absoluterisk of subject contraction.

It is one type of clinical studydesign and should be compared with

a

cross-sectional study.

In medicine, a cohort study is often

undertaken to obtain evidence to tryto refute the existence of a suspectedassociation between cause andeffect; failure to refute a hypothesis

strengthens confidence in it.Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda


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Cohort Study

Nested case-control

study eg:Inflammatory markersand the risk of coronaryheart disease in men andwomen,

Household panelsurvey eg: Thesedraw representativesamples of householdsand survey them,

following all individualsthrough time on a usuallyannual basis.



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Who gets sick and who stays Healthy?

Healthy people with

different experiences

Time Passes

ObservedHealthyand sick

people

Start with two similar groups of people. One

Group has a disease and the other is healthy

Study Question:What happened inthe past to givesuch differentresult.

Time Passes



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Survey Study

Researchers ask people

about their habits

Do you have sweet tooth?

Do you use condoms?

Do you eat 5 vegetables a

day?

Surveys give a snapshot ofthe present / past and tell

us what people say they do/ did

Response bias?

Cause vs. effect?



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Ayurveda told in New Language To look new Avenues Ayur-Veda = Life-knowledge, evolved inIndia long back focuses more on life style

than symptoms, where the background is - Three Doshas viz. Vata, Pitta & Kapha Are we able to tell all the words ofAyurveda conveniently in anotherlanguage?



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Vata Vaa is Gati and Gandhana = tomove things & Perceive Most influential Dosha Cell membrane transport,electrolyte balance, waste

elimination, and cell division, etcare examples of its activity

Aggravated by dryness Reduced by foods with buildingblocksThought of Amit

Pahwa, MS-4, Tinsley Harrison Society, University of Alabama School of MedicineDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/



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Pitta Tap = to shine

Metabolism and moleculesof energy are equated

Body temperaturemaintenance, optic nerveimpulses, feelings ofhunger and thirst arefunctions

Aggravated by heat

Reduced by cooling it



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Kapha

Shlish

= that which

holds things together &

derived from Klid thewater

Provides structure andlubrication

Carbohydrates andpolysaccharides, mucous,spinal fluid, and synovialfluid

Aggravated by sweet andfatty foods

Reduced by hot, dry, andlight things



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Understanding Avenues at Basic Level

The Siddhanta, Kriya, Rachana

departments

are running around either Clinicalexperiments or the preventive models

They have to pay attention on -

Many concepts are duplicated orcontroversial at Ayurveda.-

they need cross

examination

The Language used in many texts arecritical and require explanation

Many manuscripts are in cold storage

require to focus and bring them in to limelight

The shift from Principles

to Prabhava

is

reduced with their guidelines



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Understanding Avenues at Dravyaguna

Undergraduate syllabus has 240 drugs forstudy out of Plant Kingdom We are loosing many out of them even either with negligence or by Govt. order

As the Ayurveda Acharyas

say

all

herbs are of medicinal importance - Why the Dravyaguna department is notincluding the new herbs isolated,

experimented in to the Ayurveda Glossary? We require to add as many as Herbspossible in to Ayurveda LiteratureDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/



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Understanding Avenues at RT/BK

The Pharmacy in Ayurveda require us to givemany answers

We often confused or unable to answer atscientific community about the Ayurveda Drugabsorption

Target

action

adversity

reaction toxicity -

excretion

etc.

Step by step individual researches shouldguide us for these answers and included in thecurriculum instead of lingering around

established validations

Today we have new routes of administration ofDrug

eg: Inhalers, Patches, Injections, etc.



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Injections in Ayurveda

In 1982 when I started my GP in Ayurvedathere were around 5000 generic AyurvedaMedicines available in the Market

Along with Ayurveda Injectionsmanufactured by Aravind

Pharma

of North

India and Imis Pharma of South India We fight for the introduction of Injections into GAD for 116 days and included them into AP-GADs

Now the scene is reversed and not even500 generics are available in the marketand no medicines in GADs



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Understanding Avenues at Clinical Areas

In these areas the public faith at Ayurveda isnecessary to develop along with confidencein drug action

Adaptations of new technology is admissiblebut not to change the entire principlemigration on which we are prescribing the

medicine A thorough adopted intervening investigationInterpretation required to clinical

experiments to boost diagnostic techniques Methodical but not Result oriented Researchin need



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Understanding Avenues at Swasthavritta

Swastavritta is meant for preventionand Life style development. Today we face lots of Lifestyledisorders and Occupational difficulties The focus of Swastavritta departmentshould be on validating the Foods,

Occupation, Lifestyle in respect with

psychological and physical problemsfaced by either a child or an Adult



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Understanding Avenues at Panchakarma

The Panchakarma even though apart of Chikitsa is specialized withits procedural method It require instrumentationdevelopment along with

observational study of validating the

principles and establishing newschedules in Running World.

Adaptations of Manipulation

Medicine, Sowa-Rigpa (TibetanMedicine), Stone Massage,Kalupadaghat Massage, etc. in toPanchakarma is required.



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Understanding Avenues at Surgical areas

An Engineer is the best who runs themachine without few of its parts A Surgeonis also like an Engineer who runs the Bodywithout few parts

Ayurveda Surgery imitating the Allopathic

surgery We have the Knowledge of Marma,Siravyadha, etc. in addition

requires to

adopt the Marma Anastasia & PinholeSurgery on Ayurveda Measures



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New Design Structure for Ayurveda Research

Need

Evaluation

InvestigationRealization

Brief

Proposition

Design

Designing



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Steps to Good Design

1. Identify and understand the problem -

What

does this product need to do?

2. Conceptual Design -

How will this product do

this?

3. Design Optimization -

Is this the best way to do

this?

4. Detail Design - How will the product work? 5. Build -

Build the product.

6. Test and Evaluation -

Does the product do what

we want?

7. Return to step 1 if evaluation is not positive -

If

not, start over.



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Do not only seeObserve Do not hear Listen Do not just prescribe Document Do not just treatFollow them



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ASU Drugs to be used in

RCH Program

AYUSH developed 17 drugs for

Anti-natal, Post-natal, Infant andFemale Health management.

No drug is available in the CCIM

curriculum of BAMS or market Rasayana, Astikshaya, Sleepada,Manoroga

(Mental Retardation),

Sickle Cell Anemia, Improvement ofquality of Life in Cancer patients projects are under process

http://ccras.nic.in/Research_Actvities/20081103_NewDrug_Development.htmDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
http://ccras.nic.in/Research_Actvities/20081103_NewDrug_Development.htmhttp://ccras.nic.in/Research_Actvities/20081103_NewDrug_Development.htm


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New dimensions of Market Many Ayurveda companies startedlaunching their products as

OTC Commodity products likeToothpaste, Talks, Balms, etc.

Cosmeceuticals to improve beauty likeFacial Creams, scrubs, etc.

Neutriceuticals

Nutrition

supplementations like Tonics, Paste, etc.

pharmaceuticals

new drug

combinations or patent medicines bycombining two or more traditional drugs



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Updates in Research

Ayurveda is dependent on the

Pharmacy Department for updatesrather than Ayurveda Research

Long ago Kirthikar

Basu,

Nadkarni, etc. added few additionsin to the Herbal science butnone of those materials are addedfor the curriculum

Real Update in Ayurveda is seenas shift from Tridosha toPrabhava



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Namburi Spot Test

To identify & differentiate various Bhasma and Sindhoorawhich are chemically identical but therapeutically different by theirspecific names known in Ayurveda i.e.

To find out whether the contents of a given container are the samequalitatively and quantitatively as claimed on its labelsi.e. tofind out whether the product is a standard, sub-standard orspurious one.


-

To evolve suitable methods to

lay standardsrelevant to conceptof Rasashastra.

-

To help ultimately in

implementing the drug actin itsfull sense of utility.



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Few updates on Pumsavana

Ayurvedic technique of geneticengineering to ensure healthy progenyand to determine the sex of the child isPumsavana.

Pumsavana is one of the 16 Karmas(Sixteen rituals) practiced in variousstages of life in ancient India.

Ayurveda uses many Gender selection

drugs such as Putramjeevi, Vatankura (Ficus Benghalensis),Apamarga

(Achyranthus aspara), Shahachara

(Berleria

prionitis), Shivalingi

(Bryonia

Laciniosa) and Majuphal (Gtuercus

infectoria) etc.

This should be done only duringastrological constellation of Pushya

nakshatramDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/


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Updates on

Herb -Asparagus

racemosus

Toxic effects -safe for long term use, even during pregnancyand lactation

Gastrointestinal effects- Decreased volume and increasedpH of the secretions in drug treated rats suggest a reducedresponsiveness of the gastric parietal cells to secretogoguesand narcotizing agents.

Cytoprotective effecthas been suggested to be due to

increased output of mucus.

Galactogogue effect- A significant increase in milk yield hasalso been observed in guinea pigs and goats after feedinglactare which also increased growth of the mammary glands,alveolar tissues and acini in guinea pigs [23].

Effects on uterus- uterine sedative

Immunomodulatory activities- reported to produceleucocytosis and predominant neutrophilia along withenhanced phagocytic activity of the macrophages andpolymorphs.

Respiratory system- reported to cause dilatory effect on

bronchial musculature of guinea pigs but failed to antagonisethe histamine induced broncho-constriction.

CNS -Neither stimulant nor depressant action of lactare oncentral nervous system has been reported in albino mice

Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/[Amit Chawla*, Payal Chawla, Mangalesh, R C Roy, Asparagus racemosus (Willd): Biological Activities & itsActive Principles, Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 2: Page No. 113-120]



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Updates on Herb -Asparagus racemosus

Antibacterial Activities- showed maximum inhibition against A. hydrophila,P. fluorescencs and K. pneumoniae. Chloroform extract of A.racemosusshowed higher inhibition (1.9cm/200l) against. K.pneumoniae Methanolextract of A. racemosus showed considerable invitro antibacterial efficacyagainst E.coli, V. cholerae,B.subtilis and S.aureus, and it increases phagocytic

activity of macrophages (Mandal, 2000). [1]

Anti-diarrhoeal activity- The ethanol and aqueous extract of A. racemosusexhibited significant anti-diarrhoeal activity against castor oil induceddiarrhoea in rats. [2]

Phytoestrogen effect -A. racemosus root extract exerted a mammotropicand/or lactogenic influence on normal as well as on oestrogen primed animalsthereby rendering the mammary epithelium refractory to the carcinogen. [3]

Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/.[1] M.Sithi Jameela et.al, Antibacterial Activities of three medicinal plant extract against Fish Pathogens, International Journal of Biological Technology (2011)2(2):57-60.] [2] N. Venkatesan et.al. Anti-diarrhoeal potential of asparagus racemosus wild root extracts in laboratory animals. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci

(www.cspscanada.org) 8(1):39-45, 2005 [3] V. Ashajyothi et.al. ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS A PHYTOESTROGEN, Int.Journal Of Pharmacy&Technology



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HerbUpdate - Periwinkle

Sadapushpa

/ Sadabahar

/ Vinca

rosea (Periwinkle) is an evergreencommon shrub seen all around usblooming in every season. Usually

the plant is of 1 meter tall with ovalto oblong leaves.

A clinical trial was conducted in1998 with Vinca rosea on diabetesas a part of M.D. Ayurveda Thesisunder my supervision. The resultswere excellent. Each one ml of the

oil prepared has a power ofregulating the 125-250 mg ofBlood Glucose.



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HerbUpdate -

Periwinkle

A study was carried on alloxan

induced diabetic rats

for 14 days. The methanolic

extracts showed

improvement in parameters like body weight andlipid profile as well as regeneration of

beta-cells of

pancreas in diabetic rats. Histopathological

studies

reinforce the healing of pancreas, by

methanolic

Vinca roseaextracts, as a possible

mechanism of their antidiabetic

activity [1]

Aqueous extract of Piper nigrum

seeds and Vinca

rosea flowers were administered orally to alloxan induced diabetic rats once a day for 4 weeks. Theyare useful in controlling not only the glucose andlipid levels but these components may also behelpful in strengthening the antioxidants potential [2].


[1] Mohammed Fazil

Ahmed et. al., Antidiabetic

Activity of

Vinca roseaExtracts in

Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats, International Journal of Endocrinology, Volume2010, Article ID 841090, 6 pages[2] M. KALEEM, SHEEMA, H. SARMAD AND B. BANO, PROTECTIVE EFFECTSOF PIPER NIGRUM AND VINCA ROSEA IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETICRATS, Indian J Physiol

Pharmacol

2005; 49 (1) : 6571



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Instrument Update Januvasti Yantra Januvasti is done either on the knee joint or atthe back with a brim filled with oil

The drawback is

entire knee joint is not

exposed to treatment especially the ligaments To cover the entire knee surface a tube isinserted with both ends closed tightly with

Masha paste cloth where on top opening for oilmanagement added with a Thermometer tostandardize the procedure


T id



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Tridax

procumbens where do you see? Extracted - Isolation and identification of

steroidal saponin, characterized as b-sitosterol 3-O-b-D-xylopyranoside, which has been isolatedfrom the flowers of Tridax procumbens Linn. [1]

Bioactivity studies

The n-hexane extract of the flowers showedactivity against Escherichia coli.

A whole aerial part was active againstMycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli,

Salmonella group C and Salmonella paratyphi. None of the tested extracts was active against the

yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis andRhodotorula rubra; or the fungi: Aspergillus

flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp. andTrichophyton rubrum.[2]


Vishalya

Karani

Family:

Asteraceae

Tribe:

Heliantheae

Genus:

Tridax

Species:

T. procumbens

[1] V K SAXENA and SOSANNA ALBERT, J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 117, No. 3, May 2005, pp. 263266. Indian Academy of Sciences.[2] Taddei

A,

Rosas-Romero AJ. Bioactivity studies of extracts from Tridax

procumbens. Departamentode Qumica, Universidad Simn

Bolvar, Caracas, Venezuela. [email protected]

T id

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Rosas-Romero%20AJ%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Rosas-Romero%20AJ%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Taddei%20A%22%5BAuthor%5D


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Tridax

procumbens where do you see? Anti-Diabetic activity

T.procumbens leaves (200 mg/kg) orallyadministered for 7 days produced a significantdecrease in the blood glucose level in the modelof alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Petroleum

extract exhibits a very weak anti-diabeticactivity[3]

Antioxidants

T. procumbens plants are rich sources of natural

antioxidant. T. procumbens has a percentageantioxidant activity (AA %) of 96.70 which wasobserved to be higher than those of gallic(92.92%) and ascorbic acids (94.81%) used as

standards.


Vishalya

Karani

Family:

Asteraceae

Tribe:

Heliantheae

Genus:

Tridax

Species:

T. procumbens

[3] Bhagwat DA, Killedar SG, Adnaik RS. Anti-diabetic activity of leaf extract of Tridax

procumbens. Int J Green Pharm 2008;2:126-8

[4] J. D. Habila, et.al. Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Tridax procumbens Linn.

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 4(3), pp. 123-126, March 2010



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Nadi Impulse Simulogram

Nadi

Impulse Simulogram

is a unique

advanced Ayurvedic pulse diagnosissoftware, that monitors impulses ofmolecules and cells in pulse developedby Dr. N.D. Raju

of Hyderbad.

This program works on the basis of Nadi

input values decoded in to Kurma Nadi and Vasuli Nadi

outputs. It develops

various graphs of Dosha Gati

index,

Sroto

pravrutti, krama

and dusti, Chakra

activity, Dhatuparinama

Index, etc. in

graphical manner, wherethe

interpretation

is made simple.

Contact Dr. N. Dharmanandan

Raju

at

[email protected] or +9885040369.Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda


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Nadi ImpulseSimulogram Output



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The general practitioner in AyurvedaProvides personal, primary and continuingmedical care to individuals and families andSpecific responsibility for the health of the

community

He Makes an initial decision on everyproblem presented by patient and Consultsspecialists when ever is appropriate

Intervenes to promote health and takesClinical decisions influenced by priorprobability of disease

Has an advocacy role for the patient

Apart from all above

is there any

responsibility of making RESEARCH athim?


Generalpractitionerin Ayurveda



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GeneralPractice

Generalists and specialists require

different knowledge, skills and attitudesbut are complementary in their roles.

The GP is committed to the person ratherthan to a particular body of knowledge, a

group of diseases or special techniques(McWhinney

1997)

A GP provides personal, primary andcontinuing care to individuals, families

and a practice population.

The spectrum of problems presenting ingeneral practice is very different from thatseen in hospital.

The GP must combine the scientific andhumanitarian approach to medicalpractice, providing holistic care topatients.



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Ch t i ti f GP & PHCAvenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda


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Characteristics of GP & PHC

General practice

Focus is illness:

Individuals and families-

First contact

Local and accessible

Small scale efficiencyTolerates uncertainty

The three Cs:

Continuity,Coordination,

Continuing care

Primary health care

Focus is local communities:

1. Local communities using

local knowledge2. Concerned about

determinants of health

- Socio-economic- Environmental

3. Empowers communities to

control/influence-

determinants of health

4. Education and prevention are

key piecesDr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda


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Clinical CareGood clinical care

Maintaining good medical

practice

Relationships withpatients

Working with colleagues

Teaching and training

Probity

Health

Models of health care

Biomedical

(biomechanical) and bio- psychosocial

Reductionist and holistic(integrative)

Disease-based andillness-based

Patient-centered

and

population-centered

Reactive and anticipatory

doctor-centered &

Patient-centered


Th i



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The six

interactivecomponents of

the patient-centeredprocess:

1.

Exploring both the disease and the illness

experience understanding Differentialdiagnosis and Dimensions of illness2.

Understanding the whole person

3. Finding common ground regardingmanagement Problems and prioritiesalong with Goals of treatments

4. Incorporating prevention and healthpromotion in Health enhancement andRisk reduction

5. Enhancing the patient-doctor relationship

by sharing and maintain the relation6. Being realistic about Time and Resources


K i S d th i d


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Conclusion

Known is Scarce and the ignored

are abundant

Knowledge is becoming capital forthe Earning

Research of course a part of theGame always

Every time I see

a Book or Net

I am getting a new Idea or thought I dont understand why theothers are not initiated

If this narration offers any insight

My effort is exercised Thank You

One and All who get

Awareness



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Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
http://www.technoayurveda.com/http://www.technoayurveda.com/http://www.technoayurveda.com/


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http://www.technoayurveda.com/http://www.technoayurveda.com/http://www.technoayurveda.com/


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Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.webs.com/apps/members/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
http://www.technoayurveda.com/http://technoayurveda.webs.com/apps/members/http://technoayurveda.webs.com/apps/members/http://technoayurveda.webs.com/apps/members/


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Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://ayurmitra.wordpress.com/ / Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
http://technoayurveda.webs.com/apps/members/http://ayurmitra.wordpress.com/http://ayurmitra.wordpress.com/


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Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/ Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda
http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/


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Special Thanks to:

Ted Colton, ScD, Professor & Chair Emeritus,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics

Amit Pahwa, MS-4, Tinsley Harrison Society,University of Alabama School of Medicine

Dr Girish Shrikrishna Tillu, Project Leader,Centre for Development of AdvancedComputing (C-DAC), Pune, Consultant, Centre

for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, Consultant,Vishwanand Ayurveda Centre, Pune, Advisor,Global Herbs Pharmaceuticals, Pune [email protected]

Lauren Solberg, CRC Research SkillsWorkshop, January 18, 2008,[email protected]

Dr. Gareth M. Forde, Bio Engineering Lab(BEL), Chemical Engineering

Dr. Jayashree B. Keshav, Technical Officer,Atrimed Herbals, Pvt. Ltd.

All the Images / Information collected from netfor knowledge sharing If any copyright exists It goes to the respective individuals

http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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THANK YOU

[email protected]

ItsTechnoayurveda International

Presentation

By Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad

Of . . . http://www.technoayurveda.com

avenues for research & updates in ayurveda

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