HI 255: RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN

ENGLAND, c. 1470-1558

MODULE HANDBOOK 2011-12

RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN ENGLAND, c. 1470-1558

Seminar Tutor/Lecturer: Peter Marshall, Room 317. Tel 024 76 523452 email p.marshall@warwick.ac.uk

Aims and Objectives

This module is an option available to second-year students, part-time degree students at Honours level, and 2 + 2 students. Like other early modern options, it aims to complement the second-year core module by providing the opportunity for greater depth of study in particular regions and themes. This module explores the social, cultural and political context of religion in England between the late-fifteenth and mid-sixteenth centuries.

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Context: This module builds on the knowledge of early modern Europe acquired through the second-year core module, and complements other departmental options on early modern Germany, society and culture in France, and the social history of early modern England. It provides a sound foundation for students going on to take third-year special subjects and advanced options in early modern English social or cultural history, as well as for the MA in Religious, Social and Cultural History 1500-1700.

Syllabus: This option introduces students to a range of important themes in the field of late medieval and early modern English religion, not so much from a theological, as from a social and cultural perspective. Its main focus is the impact of the early Reformation (under Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I) on religious belief and practice in England, though it approaches this from the long view of the later fifteenth century. The module commences with a detailed examination of strengths and weaknesses in late medieval Catholicism, focusing both on institutions (clergy, monasteries) and on structures of belief (saints, sacraments, purgatory). The significance of unorthodox religion, Lollardy and early Protestantism, is explored and related to the reform policies of the Tudor monarchy. Equal attention is devoted to those who opposed and to those supported the religious changes of the sixteenth century, and throughout there is a particular focus on parishes, and parish churches, as centres of religious culture and social organisation.

Intended Learning Outcomes

a) the further development of study, writing and communication skills

b) a broad knowledge and understanding of why religion mattered in the period and of what it meant to its practitioners

c) a greater awareness of the connections between religious history, and other branches of historical study, particularly social and political

d) the development of critical analytical skills through the assessment of historiographical approaches which are frequently at variance with each other

e) the opportunity, through writing a 4,500 word essay, to develop a greater facility with the skill of extended writing, an improved ability to evaluate critically a range of secondary and (where appropriate) primary sources, as well as an enhanced capacity for individual and self-motivated study.

Course Requirements

Teaching and Learning: The module will be taught through a weekly lecture and a fortnightly seminar of 1 ½ hours. Students will be expected to prepare for seminars by reading a minimum of three items from the suggested list, and to think about the issues raised by the seminar questions. They will also be expected to take turns in instigating seminar discussion by making a presentation, or other agreed method. All items on

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the reading list are in the library, though all are encouraged to contact me directly if there are problems getting hold of materials.

Assessment: second-year (and part-time honours-level) students are assessed for this module EITHER by a 3-hour, 3-question exam (1 unit) OR by a 2-hour, 2-question exam (½ unit) and a 4500 word essay (½ unit). There is no set list of long-essay questions. Seminar questions may provide a suitable starting-point in some cases, but you are expected to develop your own theme and title and to agree it with me (individual time will be set aside for this). For the assessed essay deadline, see the Second Year Handbook.

You are also expected to write two short (c. 2000 word) essays, using seminar questions of your choice (these are to be handed to me or placed in my pigeon hole on or before Friday of Week 8 in the autumn and spring terms. You are also encouraged to take the opportunity of writing a practice exam paper in the summer term.

Lecture time: Mondays, 12-1.00 pm, R.1.15

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SEMINARS AND ESSAY TOPICS

AUTUMN TERM:

TOPIC 1: PARISHES, PRIESTS AND PEOPLE

a) To what extent, and why, were the parish and the parish church central to lay people’s lives in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries?

b) What evidence is there of widespread lay resentment of the clergy in the decades before the break with Rome?

[marked items relate particularly to one or other of the questions for discussion]

C Harper-Bill, The Pre-Reformation Church in England, ch. 7 - a good general intro.

--------------, ‘John Colet’s Convocation Sermon and the Pre-Reformation Church in England’, History (1988) and in P Marshall (ed) The Impact of the English Reformation (b)

P Marshall, Reformation England 1480-1642 (2003), ch. 1 – broad overview

A Ryrie, The Age of Reformation (2009), ch. 1 – ditto

F Heal, Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003), chs 2 (ii), 3 (i)

C Haigh, English Reformations, chs. 1-2 (a,b)

--------, ‘Anticlericalism and the English Reformation’, in Haigh (ed) The English Reformation Revised, and in History (1983) (b)

AG Dickens, ‘The Shape of Anticlericalism and the English Reformation’ in Dickens, Late Monasticism and the Reformation, and in E I Kouri and T Scott (eds) Politics and Society in Reformation Europe (b). Summarized version in Dickens, The English Reformation (2nd ed), ch 13

JJ Scarisbrick, The Reformation and the English People, chs 1-2 (a)

E Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars, ch 4 (a) [new edition 2005]

--------, The Voices of Morebath: Reformation & Rebellion in an English Village (2001), chs. 1-4

JAF Thomson, The Early Tudor Church and Society, ch 9 (a)

R Hutton, The Rise and Fall of Merry England, chs. 1-2 (a)

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P Marshall, The Catholic Priesthood and the English Reformation, esp. ch 8 (b)

R Whiting, The Blind Devotion of the People: Popular Religion and the English Reformation, ch 5 (a)G Rosser, ‘Communities of Parish and Guild in the late Middle Ages’ in S Wright

(ed) Parish, Church and People (a)

---------, ‘Parochial Conformity and Voluntary Religion in late Medieval England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (1991) (a)

CM Barron, ‘The Parish Fraternities of Medieval London’, in Barron and C Harper-Bill (eds) The Church in Pre-Reformation Society (a)

B Hanawalt, ‘Keepers of the Light: Late Medieval English Parish Guilds’, Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies (1984) (a)

S. Brigden, London and the Reformation, pp. 43-81 (b)

B Kümin, The Shaping of a Community: the Rise and Reformation of the English Parish, esp chs 2-4 (a)

A Brown, Popular Piety in Late Medieval England, esp. chs 3-6

V Bainbridge, Gilds in the Medieval Countryside, esp. ch 3 (a)

M James, ‘Ritual, Drama and the Social Body in the Late Medieval English Town’, Past and Present, 98 (1983) (a)

TOPIC 2: BELIEFS AND PRIORITIES IN PRE-REFORMATION RELIGION

a) Can any meaningful distinction be drawn between ‘elite’ and ‘popular’ religion in this period?

b) ‘A cult of the living in the service of the dead.’ How adequate is this as a description of late medieval Catholicism?

c) How important were the saints in late medieval religion?

C Harper-Bill, The Pre-Reformation Church, ch. 7 - again useful brief remarks for a) & b)

AG Dickens, The English Reformation (2nd ed), ch 2 (a, b)

F Heal, Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003), ch. 3

E Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars, intro, chs 5 (c); 6, 8 (a); ch 10 (b)

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--------, ‘holy maydens, holy wyfes: The cult of women saints in fifteenth and sixteenth-century England’, in WJ Sheils and D Wood (eds), Women in the Church, Studies in Church History 27 (1990) (c)

-------, ‘Elite and popular religion: the Books of Hours and Lay Piety in the later middle ages’, in K Cooper and J Gregory (eds), Elite and Popular Religion, Studies in Church History, 42 (2005) [also essays in this vol. by Swanson and D’Avray] (a)

------, Marking the Hours: English People and the Prayers, 1240-1570 (2006)

C Richmond, ‘Religion and the Fifteenth-Century English Gentleman’ in RB Dobson (ed), The Church, Politics & Patronage in the Fifteenth Century (a) p/c in Library store

C Carpenter, ‘The Religion of the Gentry in Fifteenth-Century England’ in D Williams (ed), England in the Fifteenth Century (a)

K Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, ch 2 (a)

RN Swanson, Church and Society in Late Medieval England, ch 6 (a, b)

-------------, Catholic England, intro (a, b); ch. 7 (c)

GW Bernard, ‘Vitality and Vulnerability in the Late Medieval Church: Pilgrimage on the Eve of the Break with Rome’, in John Watts, ed., The End of the Middle Ages? England in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (1998) (a)

C Morris and P Roberts (eds) Pilgrimage: The English Experience from Becket to Bunyan (2002), chs. By Rawcliffe, Duffy

S Brigden, ‘Religion and Social Obligation in early Sixteenth-Century London’, Past and Present (1984) (a, b)

P Marshall, Beliefs and the Dead in Reformation England (2002), ch. 1 (b)

C Burgess, ‘Purgatory and Pious Motive in Late Medieval England’ in S Wright (ed), Parish, Church and People (b)

------------, ‘‘For the Increase of Divine Service’: Chantries in the Parish in Late Medieval Bristol’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1985) (b)

-----------, ‘Wills and Pious Provision in Late Medieval Bristol’, English Historical Review (1987) (b)

-----------, ‘“Longing to be Prayed for”: Death and Commemoration in an English Parish in the Later Middle Ages’, in B Gordon and P Marshall (eds), The Place of the Dead: Death andRemembrance in Late medieval and Early Modern Europe (2000)

V Bainbridge, ‘The Medieval Way of Death: Commemoration and the Afterlife in Pre-Reformation Cambridgeshire’ in M Wilks (ed) Prophecy and Eschatology,

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Studies in Church History Subsidia 10 (1994) (b) - appears also as ch 4 of Bainbridge’s Gilds in the Medieval Countryside.

B Kümin, The Shaping of a Community, ch 4 (fraternities and chantries -b)RW Scribner, ‘Ritual and Popular Belief in Catholic Germany’ in Scribner, Popular Culture and Popular Movements, and in Jounal of Ecclesiastical History (1984) - useful definitions and discussion for a)

C Peters, Patterns of Piety: Women, Gender and Religion in Late Medieval and Reformation England (2003), ch. 4 (c)

TOPIC 3: THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS

a) In what sense, if any, were the religious orders in decline in England in the sixty years before their dissolution?

b) Assess the contribution of the religious houses in this period to the society around them.

D Knowles, The Religious Orders in England III: The Tudor Age - the standard work; see esp. chs 2, 6, 7

RN Swanson, Church and Society in Late Medieval England, ch 2. 5 - brief intro.

F Heal, Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003), ch 2 (i)

GW Woodward, The Dissolution of the Monasteries, chs 1-3 (a, b)

J. G. Clark (ed), The Religious Orders in Pre-Reformation England (2002), esp. chs. by Clark, Greatrex, Swanson, Oliva, Thompson.

------ (ed), The Culture of Medieval English Monasticism (2007) [15/16th c. chaps]

JAF Thomson, Early Tudor Church and Society, ch 7 (a, b)

B Harvey, Living and Dying in England 100-1540: The Monastic Experience, esp. chs 1, 5, 6 (a, b)

C Cross, ‘Monasticism and Society in the Diocese of York 1520-1540’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (1988) (b)

----------, ‘The Religious Life of Women in Sixteenth-Century Yorkshire’, Studies in Church History 27 (1990)

N Rushton, ‘Monastic Charitable Provision in Tudor England’, Continuity and Change 16 (2001) (b)

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J Burton and K Stöber (eds) Monasteries and Society in the British Isles in the Later Middle Ages (2008)

C Harper-Bill, ‘Monastic Apostasy in late Medieval England’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1981) (a)

--------------, ‘The Labourer is Worthy of His Hire? - Complaints about Diet in Late Medieval English Monasteries’, in C Barron and Harper-Bill (eds), The Church in Pre-Reformation Society (a)

C Platt, King Death: The Black Death and its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England, ch 6 (a)

JT Rhodes, ‘Syon Abbey and its Religious Publications in the Sixteenth Century’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 44 (1993) (b)

J. Clark, ‘Print and Pre-Reformation Religion: the Benedictines and the Press, c.1470-c.1550’, in J Crick and A Walsham (eds), The Uses of Script and Print, 1300-1700 (2004)

E.A. Jones and A Walsham (eds), Syon Abbey and its Books: Reading, Writing and Religion, c.1400-1700 (2010)

K Stöber, Late Medieval Monasteries and their Patrons (2007)

B Dobson, ‘English Monastic Cathedrals in the Fifteenth Century’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (1991) (a, b)

S Lehmberg, The Reformation of Cathedrals, ch 2 (on monastic cathedrals) (b)

D Baker, ‘Old Wine in New Bottles’, Studies in Church History 14 (1977) (a)

C Haigh, The Last Days of the Lancashire Monasteries and the Pilgrimage of Grace, chs 1, 5 (b)

TOPIC 4: LOLLARDS

a) Can Lollardy be considered a vigorous and coherent movement in the later fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries?

b) What dificulties confront the historian attempting a study of Lollardy in this period?

RN Swanson, Church and Society in Late Medieval England, ch 7.3, 7.4 - brief intro.

R Rex, The Lollards (2002) – most recent survey

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JAF Thomson, The Later Lollards 1414-1520, esp. intro, chs 11, 12 (a, b)

---------------, ‘John Foxe and some Sources for Lollard History’, Studies in Church History 2 (1965) (b) [NB SCH not a periodical, but conference proceedings in main church history section]

A Hudson, The Premature Reformation, esp. ch 10 - now the standard work

A Hope, ‘Lollardy: the Stone the Builders Rejected?’ in P Lake and M Dowling (eds),Protestantism and the National Church - one of the best surveys

S McSheffrey, ‘Heresy, Orthodoxy and English Vernacular Religion 1480-1525’, Past and Present, 186 (2005)

-----, Gender and heresy: women and men in Lollard communities, 1420-1530 (1995)

J Fines, ‘Heresy Trials in Coventry and Lichfield’, Journal of Eccl History (1963)

D Plumb, ‘The Social and Economic Spread of Rural Lollardy’ Studies in Church History 23 (1986) - good for a) [see note on SCH above].

------------, ‘The Social and Economic Status of the Later Lollards’ and ‘A Gathered Church? Lollards and their Society’ in M. Spufford (ed), The World of Rural Dissenters (a)

RG Davies, ‘Lollardy and Locality’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (1991) - important (a)

JF Davis, ‘Lollard Survial and the Textile Industry in the South-East of England’, Studies in Church History 3 (1966) (a)

I Luxton, ‘The Lichfield Court Book: A Postscript’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research (1971)

M Aston, ‘Lollardy and Literacy’ in Aston, Lollards and Reformers, and in History (1977)

M Aston and C Richmond (eds), Lollardy and the Gentry in the Later Middle Ages – chs by Lutton and Hope.

R Lutton, Lollardy and Orthodox Religion in Pre-Reformation England (2006), esp. ch. 5

TOPIC 5: EVANGELICALS

a) Assess the relative indebtedness of early English ‘Protestantism’ to continental and homegrown influences.

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b) How serious was the evangelical threat to the established religious order in England before Henry VIII initiated the Break with Rome?

R Rex, Henry VIII and the English Reformation, ch 5, first pt - useful short survey for both questions [new edition 2005]

-------, ‘The English Campaign against Luther in the 1520s’, Trans of the Royal Historical Association (1989) (b)

-------, ‘The early impact of Reformation theology at Cambridge University, 1521-1547’, Reformation and Renaissance Review (1999) (b)

S Brigden, London and the Reformation, ch 2 - best modern work on the first Protestants

-----------, ‘Youth and the English Reformation’, in Past and Present (1984), and in Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English Reformation 1500-1640

P Marshall, Reformation England 1480-1642 (2003), pp. 26-35

-----------, Religious Identities in Henry VIII’s England (2006), part 1

----- and A Ryrie (eds), The Beginnings of English Protestantism (2002), intro, chs 1-3

C Haigh, English Reformations, ch 3 (a, b)

AG Dickens, The English Reformation (2nd ed) ch 5 (a, b)

--------------, ‘Heresy and the Origins of English Protestantism’ in Dickens, Reformation Studies (b)

P Gwyn, The King’s Cardinal: the Rise and Fall of Thomas Wolsey, pp. 480 ff (b)

C D’Alton, ‘The Suppression of Lutheran Heretics in England, 1526-1529’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 54 (2003) (b)

J. Davis, ‘The Christian Brethren and the Dissemination of Heretical Books’, in R. N. Swanson (ed), The Church and the Book (2004)

M Aston, ‘Lollardy and the Reformation: Survival or Revival’, in Aston, Lollards andReformers and in Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1964) (a)

JF Davis, ‘Lollardy and the Reformation in England’, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte (1982) and in P Marshall (ed) The Impact of the English Reformation (a)

----------, ‘The Trials of Thomas Bylney and the English Reformation’, Historical Journal (1981) (a)

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----------, Heresy and Reformation in the South-East of England 1520-1559, chs 1-4 (a, b)

G Walker, ‘Heretical Sects in Pre-Reformation England’, History Today (May 1993) and fuller version as ch 5 of his Persuasive Fictions (a, b)

SPRING TERM:

TOPIC 6: ROYAL SUPREMACY

a) Why did the Break with Rome arouse such little opposition?

b) Did Henry’s Royal Supremacy deliver ‘Catholicism without the Pope’?

J Guy, Tudor England, ch. 5 - useful general introduction

C Haigh, English Reformations, ch.7 (b)

R Rex, Henry VIII and the English Reformation - very good for both questions

P Marshall, Reformation England 1480-1642 (2003), pp. 35-57

D. MacCulloch, ‘Henry VIII and the Reform of the Church’, in MacCulloch (ed.), The Reign of Henry VIII: Politics, Policy and Piety (1995) (b)

E H Shagan, Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003), chs. 1-2 (a)

F Heal, Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003), ch. 4 (i-v)

G. W. Bernard, ‘The Making of Religious Policy, 1533-1546: Henry VIII and the Search for the Middle Way’, Historical Journal (1998) (b)

---------------, ‘The Piety of Henry VIII’, in NS Amos, A Pettegree and H van Nierop (eds), The Education of a Christian Society (1999)

--------------, The King’s Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church (2005), chs. 1-2, 6 – controversial new interpretation.

A Ryrie, The Age of Reformation (2009), ch. 5

--------, ‘The Strange Death of Lutheran England’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (2002) (b)

---------, ‘Divine Kingship and Royal Theology in Henry VIII’s Reformation’, Reformation, 7 (2002) (b)

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---------, The Gospel and Henry VIII (2003), part 1 (b)

P. Marshall, Religious Identities in Henry VIII’s England (2006), introduction (b), ch. 11 (a)

----------, ‘Crisis of Allegiance: George Throckmorton and Henry Tudor’, in P Marshall and G Scott (eds), Catholic Gentry in English Society: The Throckmortons of Coughton from Reformation to Emancipation (2009)

--------, ‘“The Greatest Man in Wales:” James ap Gruffydd ap Hywel and the International Opposition to Henry VIII’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 39 (2008)

G R Elton, Policy and Police, esp. chs. 6, 7, 8 (a)

-----------, Reform and Reformation, chs. 7, 8 - useful for both questions

----------, ‘Sir Thomas More and the Opposition to Henry VIII’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research (1968), and in his Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government, vol. I. (a)

S Brigden, London and the Reformation, chs 5, 6 - ditto

J J Scarisbrick, Henry VIII, pp 324-339 (a)

M Dowling, ‘Anne Boleyn and Reform’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1984) (b)

------------, ‘The Gospel and the Court: Reformation under Henry VIII’ in P Lake and M Dowling eds., Protestantism and the National Church

A G Dickens, The English Reformation, 2nd ed, ch 7 (ch 6 in 1964 edn)

P. Marshall, ‘Papist as Heretic: the Burning of John Forest, 1538’, Historical Journal (1998) (a) – on conservative resistance strategies

------------, ‘The Other Black Legend: The Henrician Reformation and the Spanish People’, English Historical Review, (2001) (b) – on how it looked from abroad

------------, ‘Mumpsimus and Sumpsimus: The Intellectual Origins of a Henrician Bon Mot’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (2001) (b)

------------, ‘Is the Pope Catholic? Henry VIII and the Semantics of Schism’, in E. Shagan (ed), Catholics and the ‘Protestant Nation’ (2005)

NB. All four of the above articles are reprinted in P. Marshall, Religious Identities in Henry VIII’s England (2006).

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TOPIC 7: THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE

a) ‘The Northern Risings of 1536-7 owed more to political conspiracy than to popular grievance.’ Did they?

b) Was the Pilgrimage of Grace bound to fail?

A. Fletcher, Tudor Rebellions, 3rd ed. 1983, chs 1, 2, 4, 9 - essential introduction for both questions (use Fletcher & D. MacCulloch, 5th ed. 2004, if possible)

C S L Davies , ‘The Pilgrimage of Grace Reconsidered’, Past and Present, (1968), and in P Slack ed., Rebellion, Popular Protest and the Social Order (a)

---------------, ‘Popular Religion and the Pilgrimage of Grace’, in A Fletcher and J Stevenson eds., Order and Disorder in Early Modern England (a) p/c in Store

G R Elton, ‘Politics and the Pilgrimage of Grace’, in B Malament ed., After the Reformation, and in his Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government, vol. III (a), (b) p/c in SRC

-----------, Reform and Reformation, ch 11

R W Hoyle, The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s (2001) – best modern study

G W Bernard, The King’s Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church (2005), ch. 4

E H Shagan, Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003), ch. 3

M L Bush, The Pilgrimage of Grace (1996) - esp. intro., conc.

-------------, ‘“Up the Commonweal”: the Significance of Tax Grievances in the English Rebellions of 1536’, English Historical Review, (1991) (a)

------------, ‘Captain Poverty and the Pilgrimage of Grace’, Historical Research, 65 (1992)

------------, ‘The Richmondshire Uprising of October 1536 and the Pilgrimage of Grace’, Northern History (1993)

------------, ‘The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Pilgrim Tradition of Holy War’, in C Morris and P Roberts (eds), Pilgrimage: The English Experience (2002)

-----------, The Pilgrim’s Complaint: A Study of Popular Thought in the Early Tudor North (2009)

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------------ and D Bownes, The Defeat of the Pilgrimage of Grace (1999) C Haigh, The Last Days of the Lancashire Monasteries and the Pilgrimage of Grace

S M Harrison, The Pilgrimage of Grace in the Lake Counties (a)

ME James, ‘Obedience and Dissent in Henrician England: the Lincolnshire Rebellion 1536’ in James, Society, Politics and Culture (b)

SJ Gunn, ‘Peers, Commons and Gentry in the Lincolnshire Revolt of 1536’, Past and Present (1989)

A G Dickens, ‘Secular and Religious Motivation in the Pilgrimage of Grace’, Studies in Church History IV (1967) , and in Dickens, Reformation Studies

TOPIC 8: THE DISSOLUTION

a) What motives lay behind the Dissolution of the Monasteries?

b) ‘Its impact on religious life was limited; on social and economic life, immense.’ Is this an accurate assessment of the effects of the dissolution?

D. Knowles, The Religious Orders in England vol III, part 3. chs 30-33 esp useful for b)

G W Woodward, The Dissolution of the Monasteries, section ii (ch 4 useful for a; chs 9-11 for b)

J. Youings, The Dissolution of the Monasteries, introduction.

RW Hoyle, ‘The Origins of the Dissolution of the Monasteries’, Historical Journal, vol 38 (1995) - important for a)

J. G. Clark (ed), The Religious Orders in Pre-Reformation England (2002), chs. by Logan and Cunich

M Heale, ‘Training in Superstition? Monasteries and Popular Religion in Late Medieval and Reformation England’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (2007)

G W Bernard, The King’s Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church (2005), pp. 243-76, ch. 5

E H Shagan, Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003), ch. 6

S Jack, ‘The Last Days of the Smaller Monasteries in England’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1970) (a)

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G A J Hodget, ‘The Unpensioned Ex-Religious in Tudor England’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, (1962), (b)

K. Cooke, ‘The English Nuns and the Dissolution’, in J Blair and B. Golding (eds) The Cloister and the World: Essays in Honour of Barbara Harvey (b)

H J Habbakuk, ‘The Market for Monastic Property’, Economic History Review, (1958), (b)

P Marshall, ‘The Dispersal of Monastic Patronage in East Yorkshire’, in B Kümin (ed) Reformations Old and New (b)

-----------, Beliefs and the Dead in Reformation England (2002), pp 81-92 (b)

C Haigh, The Last Days of the Lancashire Monasteries, esp. chs 7-10

W G Hoskins, The Age of Plunder, pp 128-38 (b)

G R Elton, Reform and Reformation, ch 10 (a)

S Lehmberg, The Reformation of Cathedrals, p. 76ff (on dissolution of monastic cathedrals)

A G Dickens, The English Reformation (2nd ed), ch 8

J J Scarisbrick, The Reformation and the English People, ch 4

J H Bettey, The Suppression of the Monasteries in the West Country, chs 7, 8

B Thompson, ‘Monasteries and their Patrons at Foundation and Dissolution’, Trans. Royal Historical Society 4 (1994), 103-25.

J G Clark, ‘Reformation and Reaction at St Albans Abbey 1530-58’, English Historical Review, 115 (2000).

S Field, ‘Devotion, Discontent, and the Henrician Reformation: The Evidence of the Robin Hood Stories’, Journal of British Studies, 41 (2002), 6-22.

TOPIC 9: REFORMATION OF THE PARISHES

a) Compare the impact of the Henrician and Edwardian Reformations on religious life in the parishes

b) Account for the relative compliance of parish communities with the directives of central government.

E Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars, chs 11-14 – essential.

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--------, The Voices of Morebath: Reformation & Rebellion in an English Village (2001), chs. 5-6 – fascinating case study.

R Rex, Henry VIII and the English Reformation, ch 3

R Hutton, ‘The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations’, in C Haigh ed., The English Reformation Revised and in P. Marshall ed., The Impact of the English Reformation (1997)

----------, The Rise and Fall of Merry England, ch 3

R Whiting, ‘Local Responses to the Henrician Reformation’, in D MacCulloch ed., The Reign of Henry VIII (1995). Expanded version as Local Responses to the English Reformation.

-------------, ‘“Abominable Idols”: Images and Image-breaking under Henry VIII’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, (1982)

------------, The Blind Devotion of the People, chs 4, 5 (relevant sections)

------------, ‘“For the health of my soul”: prayers for the dead in the Tudor Southwest’, Southern History (1983) and in P Marshall ed., The Impact of the English Reformation

------------, The Reformation of the English Parish Church (2010)

P Marshall, ‘The Rood of Boxley, the Blood of Hailes, and the Defence of the Henrician Church’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 46 (1995) -on government propaganda against superstition.

-----------, ‘Forgery and Miracles in the Reign of Henry VIII’, Past and Present, 178 (2003) – develops the argument more fully. Also in Marshall, Religious Identities in the Reign of Henry VIII.

A Kreider, English Chantries: The Road to Dissolution, intro, chs 7, 8

P. Cunich, ‘The Dissolution of the Chantries’, in P Collinson and J Craig (eds), The Reformation in English Towns 1500-1640 (1998)

E H Shagan, Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003), intro, chs. 7, 8

-------------, ‘Confronting Compromise: the schism and its legacy’, in E. Shagan (ed), Catholics and the ‘Protestant Nation’ (2005)

C Haigh, English Reformations, ch 9-10

M Aston, England’s Iconoclasts, pp 222-77

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----------, Faith and Fire: Popular and Unpopular Religion 1350-1600, ch 9; also in P Marshall ed., The Impact of the English Reformation (1997)

P Marshall, Beliefs and the Dead in Reformation England (2002), chs 2-3 – on chantries and prayer for the dead.

C Marsh, Popular Religion in Sixteenth-Century England (1998), ch. 5 (b)

R. Whiting, The Reformation of the English Parish Church (2010)

TOPIC 10: EDWARDIAN PROTESTANTISM

a) What problems confront the historian in attempting to ascertain the strength of popular Protestantism in Edward’s reign?

b) ‘The Edwardian reformers disagreed over means, but not over ends.’ Discuss.

D MacCulloch, The Later Reformation in England, chs 1-2 - short intro.

-----------------, Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation (1999)

---------------, Thomas Cranmer: A Life (1996) - esp. chs 9-12. Definitive treatment of a central figure.

P Marshall, Reformation England 1480-1642 (2003), ch. 3

A Ryrie, The Age of Reformation (2009), ch 6

J. Loach, Edward VI (1999), esp. chs 5, 10, 11 (b)

E Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars, ch 15 (a)

P Ayris and D Selwyn (eds), Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar (1993), articles by Loades, Duffy, Hall (b)

C Litzenberger, ‘Local Responses to Changes in Religious Policy Based on the Evidence from Gloucestershire Wills’, Continuity and Change, (1993) (a)

Alec Ryrie, ‘Counting Sheep, counting shepherds: the problem of allegiance in the English Reformation’, in Peter Marshall and Alec Ryrie (eds), The Beginnings of English Protestantism (2002) (a)

AG Dickens, ‘The Early Expansion of Protestantism in England 1520-1558’, Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte (1987) and in Dickens, Late Monasticism and theReformation. Also in Marshall (ed) Impact of the English Reformation (a)

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----------, The English Reformation, 2nd ed - ch 13 gives abbreviated version of above article.

----------, The English Reformation, 2nd ed, chs 10, 11 (b)

ML Bush, The Government Policy of Protector Somerset, ch 5 (b)

S Brigden, London and the Reformation, ch 10 (a), 11 (b)

C Haigh, English Reformations, ch 11 (a)

DM Palliser, ‘Popular reactions to the Reformation during the years of uncertainty’, inF Heal and R O’Day eds Church and Society in England; also in C Haigh ed, The English Reformation Revised (a)

C Davies, ‘Edwardian Protestant Concepts of the Church’, in P Lake and M Dowling (eds), Protestantism and the National Church (b)

---------, A Religion of the Word: The Defence of the Reformation in the Reign of Edward VI (2002), esp. intro, chs 3-5 (b)

S. Alford, Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI, esp chs 1, 4

SUMMER TERM:

TOPIC 11: THE CHURCH UNDER MARY

a) How ‘counter-productive’ were the Marian burnings?

b) Was Mary’s attempt to revive Catholicism in England ultimately bound to fail?

P Marshall, Reformation England 1480-1642 (2003), ch. 4

J Loach, ‘Mary Tudor and the Re-Catholicisation of England’, History Today (Nov 1994) - useful guide to revisionist thinking.

--------, ‘The Marian Establishment and the Printing Press’, English Historical Review (1986) (b) - compare with Martin, below.

E Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars - ch 16, and in Marshall (ed), Impact of the English Reformation (b) - most important attempt to revise the religious history of the reign.

-------, Fire of Faith: Catholic England Under Mary Tudor (2009) - essential

------- and D Loades (eds), The Church of Mary Tudor (2006) – all useful, but esp chs intro, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11

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Susan Doran and Thomas S. Freeman, eds., Mary Tudor: Old and New Perspectives (2011) especially Freeman’s chapter on the burnings

AG Dickens, The English Reformation, 2nd ed - ch 12 (a, b)

-------------, ‘The Marian Reaction in the Diocese of York’ in Dickens, Reformation Studies & in St Anthony’s Hall Publications (pamphlets) 11 & 12 (1957) (a, b)

DM Loades, The Reign of Mary Tudor, 2nd ed - chs 3, 8, 11 (a, b)

------------, Politics, Censorship and the English Reformation - articles on Marian bishops, Catholic Piety (also in Studies in Church History, subsidia, 1991) and Enforcement of Reaction (also in Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 1965) Latter important for (a).

----------, The Oxford Martyrs (2nd ed 1992) , esp. chs 8-9 (a)

----------, ‘The Spirituality of the Restored Catholic Church (1553-1558) in the Context of the Counter-Reformation’, in TM McCoog (ed), The Reckoned Expense (b)

-------, The Religious Culture of Marian England (2010), esp chs 1, 5, 7

S Brigden, London and the Reformation, ch 14 (a, b)

JW Martin, ‘The Marian Regime’s Failure to Understand the Importance of Printing’ in Religious Radicals in Tudor England (b)

G Alexander, ‘Bonner and the Marian Persecutions’, History (1975) and in Haigh, English Reformation Revised. (a)

T. Freeman, ‘Dissenters from a dissenting Church: the Challenge of the Freewillers 1550-1558’, in Peter Marshall and Alec Ryrie (eds), The Beginnings of English Protestantism (2002) (a)

RH Pogson, ‘Revival and Reform in Mary Tudor’s Church: a Question of Money’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1974) and in Haigh, English Reformation Revised. (b)

----------, ‘The Legacy of the Schism’ in J Loach & R Tittler, The Mid-Tudor Polity (b)

------------, ‘Reginald Pole and the priorities of Government in Mary Tudor’s Church’, Historical Journal (1975) (b)

TM McCoog, ‘Ignatius Loyola and Reginald Pole: a Reconsideration’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1996) (b)

E Russell, ‘Marian Oxford and the Counter-Reformation’, in C Barron and C Harper-Bill (eds) The Church in Pre-Reformation Society (b)

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C Haigh, English Reformations - chs 12-13 (a, b)

A Pettegree, Marian Protestantism, esp. intro., ch 4, conc. (a)

J Edwards and R Truman (eds), Reforming Catholicism in the England of Mary Tudor: The Achievement of Friar Bartolomé Carranza (2005), esp intro., chs 2, 3

W Wizeman, The Theology and Spirituality of Mary Tudor’s Church (2006) (b)

W Monter, ‘Heresy executions in Reformation Europe 1520-1565’, in OP Grell & B Scribner (eds), Tolerance and Intolerance in the European Reformation (a) – puts Marian persecution in context.

John Edwards, Mary I: England’s Catholic Queen (2011).

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