autonomous robots and their role in additive manufacturing · 2019-06-11 · autonomous robots and...

Autonomous robots and their role in

Additive manufacturingDr. Georg von Wichert, Siemens Corporate Technology

Dr. Pajazit Avdovic, Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery

siemens.com/innovationUnrestricted © Siemens AG 2019

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2019

Georg von Wichert / Siemens AG, Corporate Technology

Pajazit Avdovic / Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB

Additive manufacturing can do amazing things and has a bright

future, but it is only one step in the production chain

Parts produced by AM need to be

• Depowered

• Removed from the machines and build plate

• Postprocessed

• Inspected for quality

• Assembled into the final product

Many manual, part specific operations limit the

industrialization of AM on a large scale

• Expensive

• Significant health and safety issues

Can we automate such tasks?




In 2018, we and our industry are knee-deep in the

fourth industrial revolution

2019-06-11




Manufacturing 1970

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In 2016, we and our industry are knee-deep in the fourth industrial

revolution

Manufacturing 2014

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In 2016, we and our industry are knee-deep in the fourth industrial

revolution

Almost no conceptual change in 40+ years

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Automation 1958

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Automation 2015

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Huge performance improvements

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…, but almost no conceptual change in 50+ years

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Digitalization

Herecomes

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Pajazit Avdovic / Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB2019-06-11

Will industrial automation change

disruptively now?




Truly flexible automation is still an open issue

Today, automation pays off for mass production

and long product life cycles only

Limiting factor: Cost for production line (re-)engineering in case of product or

volume changes

Today, human labor is the only way to achieve

high flexibility

Limiting factor: Cost and availability of skilled work force

Automation

Flexibility

Source: f1online.deSource: etz Source: FoxconSource: Mercedes

2019-06-11

Industry needs a new automation

paradigm!




Autonomy: A property of a system

Artificial Intelligence

Digitalization

Automation

Autonomy




Autonomous systems know what they are doing

− Automatically executes an engineered

sequence of actions (potentially with

variants)

− Does not understand the

consequences of its actions

− Cannot change the sequence

Automated System

Execution

− Intelligent machine that executes high-level task specifications without

detailed programming and without human control

− Has an explicit model / understanding of what it is doing

− Can reason about effects and consequences of its actions

− Can dynamically modify the course of action to respond to

environmental changes

Autonomous System

Execution

Task

Skill set

2019-06-11


Page 19Georg von Wichert / Siemens AG, Corporate Technology


Autonomous is the new automation

Autonomous Automation

Systems

• Modeling replaces programming

• Knowledge-based & semantic driven

• On-demand tasks & procedures

• Hyper-flexible, fault tolerant & robust

• Skill-based programming

• Structured data

• Dynamic tasks & procedures

• Flexible

Modular Automation

Classic Automation

• Explicit programming

• Data seen as signals

• Static tasks & procedures

• Repetitive




Autonomous systems execute high-level tasks, user specifies

the desired outcome independent of equipment

1. Product specified in PLM tools

2. Production equipment provides

machine capabilities (skills)

3. System maps the production task

to skills provided by available

equipment

4. Skill plans are determined using

artificial intelligence and

reasoningSkill Plan

Pick Skill

Mount Skill

Pick Skill

Product Production

Planning

Reasoning

Autonomous Decision Making

Utilize equipment

for production

Map skills to task

Knowledge

BOM BOP

Product specification

(machine-independent)

EquipmentSkills

Machine capabilities

(product-independent )

PlacePick Mount Handover

machine capabilities (skills)

Vision: Autonomous systems coordinate and combine their capabilities to assemble lot-size one products

modeled in Siemens PLM tools

BOM

BOM

BOM

BOP

BOP

BOP

2019-06-11




Autonomous is the new automation

Autonomous Automation

Systems

• Modeling replaces programming

• Knowledge-based & semantic driven

• On-demand tasks & procedures

• Hyper-flexible, fault tolerant & robust

• Skill-based programming

• Structured data

• Dynamic tasks & procedures

• Flexible

Modular Automation

Classic Automation

• Explicit programming

• Data seen as signals

• Static tasks & procedures

• Repetitive




The hot topic in the manufacturing domain

No collaboration

• Human worker

and robot do not

share the same

workspace

• Construction

measures or

safety devices

prevent contact

during operation

There are various degrees of human-robot interaction

Fenceless

• No intention that

human worker

and robot share

the same

workspace

• No construction

measures to

prevent contact

during operation

Sporadic

• Human worker

enters

workspace for

non-cyclic tasks

• Material in- and

out-feed

Co-working

• Human worker

and robot share

the same

workspace

during operation

Collaboration

• Human worker

and robot share

the same task

during operation

• Might work in

physical contact

• Requires deep

understanding

Collaboration according to ISO 10218

Coexistence Real collaboration

f < 1/60 min

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Modularity

Flexible manufacturing processes

depending on the demand

Connectivity

Self-organization of networked

manufacturing equipment, taking

the entire value chain into account

Autonomy

Intelligence that enables execution

of high level tasks without

detailed programming

Control

Advanced predictive control based

on high fidelity models of the real

world

The transformation has just begun:

Key aspects of future automation systems




Vision: Completely self-orchestrating factories will likely

change the economics of manufacturing

Available today: SW-defined production processes

• Available today: Additive manufacturing, CNC machines,

SMT placement, laser cutters, …

Available soon: Self-organizing factory architecture and work

flows

• Will be provided by “Industrie 4.0”

Next level: Teams of autonomous robots and human workers

• Handling of parts and material

• Assembly and quality control

• Operation and maintenance of production machinery

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This is the right time to think about automation

for AM!




The transformation has just begun:

Here example from SIT Finspång

0101 0010

0110 1111

0110 0010

0110 1111

0111 0100

0100 0001 0100 1101

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Selective Laser Melting process complexity

Source: draft final report by iwb, 9/2016

PD TI AT 2 - Dr. J. Zettner / DF TI AT 1 – M. Dürr

Printing Process

Environment

Powder

Very Dynamic Processing

Local Disturbances by Redeposits and Voids with dimensions of 10µm

Light Emission in visible wavelength range

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Connected

Workshop

Learning

Workshop

Intelligent

Workshop

Autonomous

Workshop

2020+

Traditional

Workshop

2009

Innovation triggerPeak of inflated

expectations

Plateau of

productivity

Slope of

enlightenment

Trough of

disillusionment

20182015 2016

Here comes Digitalization




• Analyze and create directives and guidelines for what and in

which situations AM production should be automated.

• Adapt the automation based on the need, not the need based on

the automation of AM

• Automation level of AM, what is the company's policy ?

AM challenges and opportunities by robotics and automatization

2019-06-11





✓ Transport between activities

✓ Uploading and Downloading

✓ Pre and postprocessing

✓ Powder handling

✓ Inspection

✓ Handling and control of information




Aim of the project:To develop a system to allow human operators to remotely interact with an additive manufacturing cell via robot

manipulator

AMICI (Augmented Interaction for Human-Robot Collaborative

Tasks in Industrial Environments)

Örebro University

Siemens Corporate Technology

Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB

Nethouse

ABB

2019-06-11





Key aspects of future automation systems:

• Modularity

• Connectivity

• Autonomy

• Control

2019-06-11

n

…

2

Machine

1

MESAM

Monitor

Co

R

P




Cleaning robot - implementation

The first attempt at the workshop

Work stepsFirst contact with robot

Master thesis

Test at Örebro University

Test at Örebro University





1. Improve

o productivity and process optimization

o quality of work for employees

o production output

o manufacturing flexibility

2. Reduce

o operating costs

o labour turnover and difficulty of recruiting workers

o space in high-value manufacturing areas

2019-06-11




Thank you for the attention!

Dr.Pajazit Avdovic

Innovation Manager at Additive Manufacturing

Siemens AG

Slottsvagen 2-6

612 83 Finspång

Sweden

Phone: +46 (0) 122 81479

Fax: +46 (122) 88712

Mobile: +46 702 85 82 35

E-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Georg von Wichert

Head of Research Group

Autonomous Systems & Control

Otto-Hahn-Ring 6

81739 München

Germany

Telefon: +49 89 636 633261

Fax: +49 636 41423

Mobil: +49 174 1561407

E-mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




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autonomous robots and their role in additive manufacturing · 2019-06-11 · autonomous robots and...

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