AutomationBy: Christopher Bridge & Joao Dos Santos

Student Numbers: 100675720 & 100429542Date: Wednesday, March 30, 2011

Table of Contents

1. Definition

2. Brief history of automation

3. Type of automation

1. 3.1 Computer-aided design (CAD)

2. 3.2 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

3. 3.3 Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

4. Major technologies involving automation

1. 4.1 Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Technology

2. 4.2 Robotic Technology

3. 4.3 Programmable Logic Control (PLC) Technology

Table of Contents Con't

5. Manufacturing performance

6. Benefits of automation

7. Automation strategies

8. Summary

9. Bibliography

Definition

“Automation defines as the application of mechanical, electrical and or computer technology to reduce the level of human participation in performing task” (Automation Technologies, pg. 27).

Brief History

Beginning man always looked for better way to develop life Work & home

1st automation = born in factories

19th century = 1st application electricity permitted to make automated operation without human being

Automation created artificial intelligence Intelligence of machines & computer science = creates it

Delmar Harder first used the word in 1935 but James R. Bright introduced automation in 1958 into the manufacturing of automobiles

Types of Automation

Computer-aided Design (CAD) &

Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) Software that improves dramatically, way

products are designed Ex. Shop floor control system

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Links the design of a product with manufacturing, resulting in a

completely integrated manufacturing facility

CAD

Often in form of electronic files for

printing or machines

Industry-based software Ex. Construction, manufacturing, ship

building, aerospace, automotive,

architectural & prosthetics

Graphic based software, uses linear lines & shapes

Information it displays are: materials, processes, dimensions & tolerances

Design curves & or figures in 2D or 3D

CAM

Computer software designed to control & operate machines

Manufacturing for planning, management, transportation & storage

Main purpose = minimize waste of raw materials to produce fast & quality products

Project designed in CAD – used in manufacturing under CAM

CIM

Using computers to control entire production process

Exchange information & action with one another

Manufacturing = faster & little errors

Main advantage to create automated manufacturing processes = eliminating human beings

Major Technologies

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Utilizes combination of mechanical, electrical & computer

technology = tool moving by computer software rather than hand

Robotic Technology Similar to CNC Move in 3D Ex. Cartesian coordinate Robotic, Scara, articulated arm robotic

Programmable Logical Control (PLC) Motion control over tasks Using electrical & computer technology Coordinates activities between CNC machines & robot

CNC

Program commands on storage medium

1st CNC = 1940s based on existing tools, modified for motors

Modern CNC = analog & digital computers, changed manufacturing process

Highly demanding on CAD & CAM

Robotic

Deals with design, construction,

operation, structural disposition,

manufacturing & application

Current power source = lead batteries, future sources could be pneumatic, hydraulics or radioactive source

Actuators = muscles of robot

Current robots can have touch & vision, similar to humans – manufacturing process much easier

Locomotion – move from 1 place to another in manufacturing process

PLC

Digital computer used for automation Ex. Control of machinery on assembly lines, amusement rides or

lighting fixtures

Unlike a general PC, PLC has multiple inputs & outputs, temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise & resistance to vibration & impact

Programs typically stored in battery packed memory

Manufacturing Performance

Measures used most often to quality production are: Productivity Setup time measure of amount of time to prepare machine or

process, make product hour Production capacity

Benefits

Increase labour output

Increasing output – direct effect on increasing productivity Ex. Robot handle material Use of PLC to control manual process

Can be expressed in GDP

3 most common measures of input Hours worked Work forced job Number people employment

Benefits Con't

Reduce labour cost Direct increasing productivity Cheaper manufacturing process Reduce labour cost = most profit

Reduce or eliminate labour shortages By eliminating man, injuries & time off do not occur

Reduce or eliminate routine manual electrical tasks Reduce or elimination of routine tasks 1st step improving processes productivity

Benefits Con`t

Improve worker safety Reducing accidents also increase productivity

Improve product quality Improve products quality yields many benefits to manufacturer

Reduced wastes in business & environment = quality products & higher sales

Strategies

Minimized manufacturing process steps

Increase process fexibility Improving process flexibility enables machine to process more

product variety Flexibility achieved by minimizing or eliminating setup time

Implement process control Produce high quality product – consistent & reliable process Achieve this = process must be rigorously control

Summary

Benefits of automation technology have changed manufacturing industries

Always expressed in productivity improvement by looking at: Reducing labour output Improving worker safety Improving product quality Reducing producing time

Work Cited

Kandray, D. (Ed.). (2010). Programmable automation. New York: Library of Congress Catalog

Make, F. (2008). Our flexible friends [factory automation]

Ime, A (2010, Feb 16). The history of automation http://ezinearticles.com,

Thank You!

Any Questions?