automatic plant irrigation using aurdino and gsm technology

Automatic plant irrigation| 1

TABLE OF CONTACTS

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1. Introduction of Gsm based irrigation system

2. Block diagram and working

2.1. Block diagram

2.2. Working

3. Circuit diagram and working

3.1. Circuit diagram

3.2. Layout diagram of Arduino board

3.3. Circuit diagram of driver circuit

3.4. Working of circuit

4. Hardware specification

4.1 Hardware specifications

4.1.1 At Transmitter:

Mobile Phone

4.1.2 At Receiver:

Arduino

GSM Mode

Humidity Sensor

Temperature Sensor LM35

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Relay (12v SPDT)

DTMF 8870 IC

NPN Transistor (IC 547)

Silicon Diode

Submersible pump

5. Software specification

5.2.1 Arduino software ide

5.2.2 description of eagle software

5.2.3 Steps involved in the formation of PCB layout

6. Coding

7. Conclusion

8. Advantages and dis advantages

9. Future scope

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ABSTRACT

An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform a

dedicated function. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can

optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded system comprises of both

hardware and software. Embedded system is fast growing technology in various fields like

industrial automation, home appliances, automobiles, aeronautics etc.

Embedded technology uses PC or a controller to do the specified task and the programming

is done using assembly language programming or embedded.

Many devices are used for monitoring the humidity conditions. In early days, all the systems

are analog devices and the measured value can be displayed by using recorders, and CROs.

This project is used to eliminate the drawbacks in the existing system. Here the humidity is

monitored by sensor that can be converted in to corresponding signal to the microcontroller.

The main feature of this project is that, according to the humidity levels, the controller activates

the relay driver unit and pumps the motor by using relay switches. The controller also generates

signal corresponding to the humidity level, and then the signal can be transmitted through the

GSM modem to mobile. When the pump is ON the corresponding message will be forwarded to

our mobile number which was already programmed in controller unit.

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CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION

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1. INTRODUCTION OF GSM BASED IRRIGATION SYSTEM:

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is one of the most trustable wireless

communication systems that can be accessed and used very easily. The price of it trans-receiver

module and subscription fee of its services is very low so it is very cost effective also.

Embedded system interfaced with GSM module can widen the scope of embedded design and

enhanced the application areas of controlling and monitoring systems to a great extent. During

the past decade network services has extended beyond speech communication to many other

custom specified embedded design application.

This paper proposes an innovative GSM based remote controlled embedded system for

irrigation. The interface and communication between user and designed system is via

SMS on GSM network if the user is within the range of 10m of designed system. India is a

country of agriculture and it is backbone of Indian economy. Irrigation is heart of agriculture.

Irrigation is used to assist growing crops in the field land during the in adequate rainfall period.

Pesticide is used preventing, destroying or mitigating any pest.

Both of these are very important for good productivity and both need time to time application in

the farm field. In India approximately 20% of farmers are dependent on electric water pumps

for irrigation in their field. There are many problems associated with irrigation farmer’s house

so farmers have to go farm land for irrigation that causes inconvenience and fuel consumption

(if used any vehicle). The farm field as the nature of supply of electricity is quite unpredictable.

The instances of burning of motor due to unpredictable voltage fluctuations and dry

running. In farm field. In farm field. Sprayed. These pesticides are very harmful for farmer’s

health.

All these issues are handled in the proposed system. The system will send status of power

supply via Bluetooth/SMS on GSM network to user. The system will check the water flow from

the pump. If electricity is there but no water supply is available, system will send information to

user via SMS on GSM network. Temperature sensors and humidity sensors installed in

the field take the measurement of humidity level of soil and environmental temperature and

send this information to users. The user sends data in the form of SMS on GSM network to start

or stop the irrigation according to received information.

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CHAPTER – 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING

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2.1Block diagram

2.2 WorkingArduino board is connected to Gsm modem in which transmitter of arduino is connected to the

receiver of Gsm modem and receiver of arduino is connected to the transmitter of Gsm modem.

GSM modem is working simply like a mobile phone when we call on the number of Gsm

modem it can moved into the auto answering mode and can be operate according to the coding

which we have done in microcontroller. Since it is 28 pin ic and arduino has 13-digital pin and

6 analog pin so these pin are also used for further operation. With its digital pins LCD is

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connected which is used for displaying of information’s like alert for increase of the

temperature by temperature sensors and gives alert for humidity by humidity sensor. Also with

its digital pin driver circuit is connected, driver circuit is made of different component’s and it

can used to drive the motor/water pump which can be on/off with these circuit.

Fig.2.2 Working of GSM Based Irrigation System

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CHAPTER -3

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND WORKING

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3.1CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig: circuit diagram

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3.2 Layout diagram of aurdino board:

Fig:lay out of the project

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3.3 Circuit diagram of driver circuit:

Fig:Circuit diagram of driver circuit

3.4 Working of circuit: In the Gsm based irrigation system here 28-pin microcontroller is used which is known as

Arduino. Arduino has 13-digital pins and 6-analog pins and it works on 12V D.C. then

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We interface arduino with Gsm modem here transmitter of arduino is connected with

receiver of Gsm modem and receiver of arduino is connected to transmitter of Gsm modem and

5v from Arduino is given to Gsm modem and sim is inserted in Gsm modem which can be used

for the operation of modem. DTMF circuit is connected with modem which can generate a

pulse of

Binary sequence works according to it.

LCD i.e. Liquid Crystal Display which is connected to the digital pin of arduino i.e. from

12,11,5,4,3,2 which is use in the operation of LCD and it can be use for the displaying of

message or information or for alert. Here the two sensors are used which are humidity sensor

and temperature sensor. Humidity

Sensor is use to show the presence of water in air which is harmful for crops and the another

sensor is temperature which measure the temperature of the atmosphere. These sensors are

connected to the analog pin of arduino which are pin number-4, 5.

According to our coding:

If any value is increase between these sensors then it gives alert to us in the form of

“alert” tour number through Gsm modem. Driver circuit is connected to the pin number 9 of the

arduino and it is consist of resistor of 10k which is connected to the NPN transistor which is

connected to diode and relay of 12V and these relay is used to drive a water pump. When we

give 2 to the dtmf it can generate a pulse sequence the moves to the and completes a circuit and

on the pump and when give 1 it can off the pump.

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CHAPTER-4

HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

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4.1 Hardware specification:4.1.1 At Transmitter:

Mobile Phone

4.1.2 At Receiver:

a. Arduino

b. GSM Modem

c. Humidity Sensor

d. Temperature Sensor LM35

e. Relay (12v SPDT)

f. DTMF 8870 IC

g. NPN Transistor (IC 547)

h. Silicon Diode

i. Submersible pump

4.1.1 At Transmitter:

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Mobile Phone:

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that

can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic

area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator,

allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only

within the short range of a single, private base station.

In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services

such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications

(Infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer

these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.

Mobile phone:

Fig: mobile at transmitter

4.1.2 At Receiver

A. Arduino:-

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Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform, designed to make the process of

using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible. The hardware consists of a

simple open hardware design for the Arduino board of a standard programming language and

the boot loader that runs on the board.

Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect

its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the

board is programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and the

Arduino development environment (based on Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone

or they can communicate with software on running on a computer.

The boards can be built by hand or purchased preassembled; the software can be downloaded

for free. The hardware reference designs (CAD files) are available under an open-source

license, you are free to adapt them to your needs.

Arduino hardware is programmed using a Wiring-based language (syntax + libraries), similar to

C++. With some simplifications and modifications, and a Processing-based IDE.

Arduino board:

Fig: arduino at receiver

Features of Arduino:• High-performance, Low-power Atmel®AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller

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• Advanced RISC Architecture

– 130 Powerful Instructions

– Most Single-clock Cycle Execution

– 32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers

– Fully Static Operation

– Up to 16MIPS Throughput at 16MHz

– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments

–8Kbyte of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory

– 512Bytes EEPROM

– 1Kbyte Internal SRAM

– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM

– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)

– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits

In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program True Read-While-Write Operation

– Programming Lock for Software Security

• Peripheral Features – Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler, one Compare

Mode

– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode

– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator

– Three PWM Channels

– 8-channel ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package Eight Channels 10-bit Accuracy

– 6-channel ADC in PDIP package Six Channels 10-bit Accuracy

– Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface

– Programmable Serial USART

– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface

–Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On chip

Oscillator

– On-chip Analog Comparator

• Special Microcontroller Features

– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection

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– Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator

– External and Internal Interrupt Sources

– Five Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down.

• I/O and Packages

– 23 Programmable I/O Lines

– 28-lead PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, and 32-pad QFN/MLF

• Operating Voltages

– 2.7V -5.5V (ATmega8L)

– 4.5V -5.5V (ATmega8)

• Speed Grades

– 0 -8MHz (ATmega8L)

– 0 -16MHz (ATmega8)

• Power Consumption at 4Mhz, 3V, 25 C

– Active: 3.6mA

– Idle Mode: 1.0mA

– Power-down Mode: 0.5µA

Pin Diagram:

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B. GSM Modem:-A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a

subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator

perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.

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When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM

modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most

frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for

sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.

Now SMS Lite can send and receive SMS and MMS Messages using a GSM modem.

A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection,

or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities.

A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as Now SMS to send and

receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for this message

sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To perform these

tasks, a GSM modem must support an “extended AT command set” for sending/receiving SMS

messages

Fig:Gsm modem

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Working

AT Commands

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C. Humidity Sensor:- Humidity is the presence of water in air. The amount of water vapor in air can affect human

comfort as well as many manufacturing processes in industries. The presence of water vapor

also influences various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Humidity measurement in

industries is critical because it may affect the business cost of the product and the health and

safety of the personnel. Hence, humidity sensing is very important, especially in the control

systems for industrial processes and human comfort.

Controlling or monitoring humidity is of paramount importance in many industrial & domestic

applications. In semiconductor industry, humidity or moisture levels needs to be properly

controlled & monitored during wafer processing. In medical applications, humidity control is

required for respiratory equipment’s, sterilizers, incubators, pharmaceutical processing, and

biological products. Humidity control is also necessary in chemical gas purification, dryers,

ovens, film desiccation, paper and textile production, and food processing. In agriculture,

measurement of humidity is important for plantation protection (dew prevention), soil moisture

monitoring, etc. For domestic applications, humidity control is required for living environment

in buildings, cooking control for microwave ovens, etc. In all such applications and many

others, humidity sensors are employed to provide an indication of the moisture levels in the

environment.

RELEVANT MOISTURE TERMS:-To mention moisture levels, varieties of terminologies are used. The study of water vapour

concentration in air as a function of temperature and pressure falls under the area of

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psychometrics. Psychometrics deals with the thermodynamic properties of moist gases while

the term “humidity’ simply refers to the presence of water vapour in air or other carrier gas.

Humidity measurement determines the amount of water vapor present in a gas that can be a

mixture, such as air, or a pure gas, such as nitrogen or argon.

Fig :humidity sensor

D. Temperature Sensor LM35:-The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is

linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage

over linear temperature sensors calibrated in § Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a

large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does

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not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of g(/4§C at room

temperature and g*/4§Cover a full b55 to a150§C temperature range. Low cost is assured by

trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35's low output impedance, linear output,

and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.

It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60

mA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1§C in still air. The LM35 is rated

to operate over a

b55§ to a150§C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a b40§ to a110§C range (b10§

with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor

packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92

transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8lead surface mount small outline

package and a plastic TO-202 package.

Fig: pin of temperature sensor

e. Relay (12v):-A Relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a

switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are

used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical

isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled

by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal

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coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in

telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or

other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts,

instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating

characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits

from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by

digital instruments still called "protective relays".

Fig: Relay

Basic Design and Operation:

When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic field that activates

the armature and the consequent movement of the movable contact either makes or breaks

(depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts was

closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks the

connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched

off, the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to

its relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also used

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commonly in industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a

low-voltage application this reduces noise; in a high voltage or current application it reduces

arcing.

When the coil is energized with direct current, a diode is often placed across the coil to

dissipate the energy from the collapsing magnetic field at deactivation, which would otherwise

generate a voltage spike dangerous to semiconductor circuit components.

Some automotive relays include a diode inside the relay case. Alternatively, a contact

protection network consisting of a capacitor and resistor in series (snubber circuit) may absorb

the surge. If the coil is designed to be energized with alternating current (AC), a small copper

"shading ring" can be crimped to the end of the solenoid, creating a small out-of-phase current

which increases the minimum pull on the armature during the AC Cycle.

Types of relay:SPST – Single Pole Single Throw. These have two terminals which can be connected or

disconnected. Including two for the coil, such a relay has four terminals in total. It is ambiguous

whether the pole is normally open or normally closed.

SPDT – Single Pole Double Throw. A common terminal connects to either of two others.

Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total.

DPST – Double Pole Single Throw. These have two pairs of terminals. Equivalent to two SPST

switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Including two for the coil, such a relay has six

terminals in total. The poles may be Form A or Form B (or one of each).

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DPDT – Double Pole Double Throw. These have two rows of change-over terminals.

Equivalent to two SPDT switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Such a relay has eight

terminals, including the coil.

fig: types of relay

F .DTMF IC 8870:-Today, most telephone equipment use a DTMF receiver IC. One common DTMF receiver IC is

the Motorola MT8870 that is widely used in electronic communications circuits. The MT8870

is an 18-pin IC. It is used in telephones and a variety of other applications. When a proper

output is not obtained in projects using this IC, engineers or technicians need to test this IC

separately.

For optimum working of telephone equipment, the DTMF receiver must be designed to

recognise a valid tone pair greater than 40 ms in duration and to accept successive digit tone-

pairs that are greater than 40 ms apart. However, for other applications like remote controls and

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radio communications, the tone duration may differ due to noise considerations. Therefore, by

adding an extra resistor and steering diode the tone duration can be set to different values.

The circuit is configured in balanced-line mode. To reject common-mode noise signals, a

balanced differential amplifier input is used. The circuit also provides an excellent bridging

interface across a properly terminated telephone line. Transient protection may be achieved by

splitting the input resistors and inserting zener diodes (ZD1 and ZD2) to achieve voltage

clamping. This allows the transient energy to be dissipated in the resistors and diodes, and

limits the maximum voltage that may appear at the inputs.

Whenever you press any key on your local telephone keypad, the delayed steering (Std) output

of the IC goes high on receiving the tone-pair

Fig: Pin Diagram

G. NPN Transistor IC 547:- A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and

electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for

connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's

terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals.

Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a

transistor can amplify a signal.

NPN:

NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, consisting of a layer of P-doped

semiconductor (the "base") between two N-doped layers. A small current entering the base is

amplified to produce a large collector and emitter current. That is, when there is a positive

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potential difference measured from the emitter of an NPN transistor to its base (i.e., when the

base is high relative to the emitter) as well as positive potential difference measured from the

base to the collector, the transistor becomes active. In this "on" state, current flows between the

collector and emitter of the transistor. Most of the current is carried by electrons moving from

emitter to collector as minority carriers in the P-type base region. To allow for greater current

and faster operation, most bipolar transistors used today are NPN because electron is mobility

higher than hole mobility.

.

Fig NPN Transistor

H. Silicon Diode:-Silicon rectifier diodes, like that shown in Figure are used in many applications from high

voltage, high current power supplies, where they rectify the incoming mains (line) voltage and

must pass all of the current required by whatever circuit they are supplying; this may be several

tens of Amperes or more.

Carrying such currents requires a large junction area so that the forward resistance of the diode

is kept as low as possible. Even so the diode is likely to get quite warm. The black resin case

helps dissipate the heat.

The resistance to current in the reverse direction (when the diode is "off") must be high, and the

insulation offered by the depletion layer between the P and N layers extremely good to avoid

the possibility of "reverse breakdown", where the insulation of the diode fails due to the high

reverse voltage across the junction.

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Silicon diodes are made in many different forms with widely differing parameters. They vary in

current carrying ability from milli-amps to tens of amps, some will have reverse breakdown

voltages of thousands of volts; others use their junction capacitance to act as tuning devices in

radio and TV tuners. Look in suppliers lists to see the many types available.

fig :silicon diode

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i. Submersible Pump:- A submersible pump (or electric submersible pump (ESP)) is a device which has a

hermetically sealed motor close-coupled to the pump body. The whole assembly is submerged

in the fluid to be pumped. The main advantage of this type of pump is that it prevents pump

cavitation, a problem associated with a high elevation difference between pump and the fluid

surface. Submersible pumps push fluid to the surface as opposed to jet pumps having to pull

fluids. Submersibles are more efficient than jet pumps.

Fig: Submersible Pump

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Chapter-5

Software Specification

Arduino software IDE :

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The arduino IDE is a cross platform application written in java which is derived from the IDE

made for the processing programming language and the wiring project. It is designed to

introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with software development.

It includes a code editor with feature such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and

automatic indentation, and is also capable of compiling and uploading programs to the board

with the single click. There is typically no need to edit make files or run programs on the

command line.

The arduino development environment contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a

text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions, and series of menus. It connects to

the arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.

Software written using arduino are called sketches. These sketches are written in the text editor.

It has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives

feedback while saving and exporting and also displays

Errors. The console displays text output by the arduino environment including complete error

messages and other information. Arduino IDE comes with a C/C+ +library called “wiring”,

which makes many common input/output operations much easier. Arduino programs are

written in C/C++, although users only need to define two functions in order to make a runnable

program.

Description of eagle software:

Introduction:

This eagle (easily applicable graphical layout editor) PCB design software is used to design an

electronic schematic and layout a printed circuit board (PCB). Eagle is a PCB design software

package consisting of a schematics editor, a PCB editor and an auto router module. The

software comes with an extensive library of components, but a library editor is also available to

design new parts or modify existing ones. Eagle is made by cadsoft’s and is available in three

versions. The light versions is limited to one sheet of schematic and half euro card format, but

can be used under the terms of the freeware license for non-commercial use. This software can

be download from cadsoft’s homepage, for windows or linux. We ware investigating the

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possibilities of getting one or more license for the professional version, which does not have

these limitations.

The format of PCB layout is carried out in following steps:

Step 1-Drawing the schematic

Step 2-Printing the schematic

Step 3-PCB layout

.Placing components

. Routing

. Printing the PCB

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CHAPTER -6

CODING

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Coding

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal Lcd (12,11,5,4,3,2);

int sens1=A5;

int sens2=A4;

int dtmf1=7;

int dtmf2=6;

int relay=8;

int a,b,c;

int count=0;

Char PhoneNumber[]="+919753475722";

Void setup ()

{

Serial.begin (9600);

lcd.begin (16, 2);

PinMode (relay, OUTPUT);

PinMode (dtmf1, INPUT);

PinMode (dtmf2, INPUT);

Digital Write (dtmf1, HIGH);

Digital Write (dtmf2, HIGH);

lcd.print ("GSM IRRIGATION");

Lcd.setCursor (0,1);

lcd.print ("SYSTEM");

Delay (2000);

lcd.clear ();

lcd.print ("SDBCE, INDORE");

Delay (3000);

lcd.clear ();

lcd.print ("Presented By :");

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Delay (2000);

lcd.clear ();

lcd.print ("R.Y.Himajaswi");

Delay (2000);

lcd.clear ();

lcd.print ("K.Chandhini");

Delay (2000);

lcd.clear ();

lcd.print ("A.Vedavathi");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear ();

lcd.print ("Gsm starting");

Delay (10000);

lcd.clear ();

Serial. Print ("ATSo=2");

Serial. Print (13, BYTE);

}

Void loop ()

{

a=analog Read (sens1);

c=a/2;

b=analog Read (sens2);

If(c>50 || b>500)

{

Delay (500);

lcd.print ("sending");

Serial.println ("AT+CMGF=1");

Serial. Print ("AT+CMGS=");


Serial. Print (phoneNumber);

Serial.println (34, BYTE);

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Delay (500);

Serial. Print ("Alert!!!");


Delay (5000);

lcd.print ("sended");

lcd.clear ();

}

If (digital Read (dtmf1) == HIGH && digital Read (dtmf2) == LOW) //one

{

Digital Write (relay, LOW);

lcd.setCursor (0,1);

lcd.print ("OFF");

Delay (50);

}

Else if (digital Read (dtmf1) == LOW && digital Read(dtmf2) == HIGH) //two

{

Digital Write (relay, HIGH);

lcd.setCursor (0, 1);

lcd.print ("ON");

Delay (50);

}

}

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CHAPTER-7

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSIONThere is an urgent need for a system that makes the agricultural process easier and burden free

from the farmer’s side. With the recent advancement of technology it has become necessary to

increase the annual crop production output of our country India, an entirely agro centric

economy. The ability to conserve the natural resources as well as giving a splendid boost to the

production of the crops is one of the main aims of incorporating such technology into the

agricultural domain of the country. To save farmer’s effort, water and time has been the most

important consideration. Hence systems need to be designed to provide this ability efficiently

using wireless sensor networking, sprinkler irrigation, GSM, SMS technology,

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These systems were all remotely controlled systems which proposed a low cost information

exchange via SMS and GSM network. The soil moisture, humidity and various other

environmental factors influencing growth of crops are periodically sensed using high quality

accurate sensor and those values are passed on to the processor/controller to calculate required

amount of water and fertilizers and various other inputs during irrigation and accordingly

supplied to the farm. The functionality of GSM increases the efficiency of the automated

irrigation system by giving it a more user friendly interface using SMS (Short Message Service)

coupled with missed called services.

The result of the survey conducted has lead to a very positive approach on the impact of GSM

technology in farm irrigation methods and techniques. The approaches studied had various pros

and cons in the time required for operations or complexity or feasibility and user interactions.

With technology advancing everyday new techniques have been implemented for further

minimizing the irrigation process like using prebuilt mobile phone or standalone application

software for conduction the irrigation process.

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CHAPTER-8

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGE

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Advantages

• Increase crop yields and quality, while saving on operational costs and labor.

• Automatically and accurately irrigate and fertilize (irrigate + fertilize = fertigate) crops by

remote control -with exactly the right quantity, at exactly the right time, activating specific

valves.

• Reduce water consumption; optimize use of fertilizers, and minimize energy costs.

• Manage the irrigation process from practically anywhere -whether from the office, from home

or on the road.

• Immediately detect any system irregularities and leaks online, and receive real time reports

(even to mobile phones by SMS) while automated response is taking place.

Disadvantages

• Networks failure: -If the network is fail then the device is not work properly.

• Effects on human health.

Diploma


CHAPTER -9

FUTURE SCOPE

Diploma


Future scopeThis project has enormous potential and may be used in various other ways, due to its cheap

and cost efficient design.

1. Use it as a home automation controller, by adding a few more 240 volt relays.

2. Remotely perform jobs.

3. Use a float switch in a tank, so that the system automatically shuts the pump down, once the

reservoir is full.

4. Use it in conjunction with a solar panel, so that the entire system is eco-friendly.

Diploma

automatic plant irrigation using aurdino and gsm technology

Engineering