australian history, geography, civics and citizenship

2005SCHOOLCERTIFICATETEST

Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship

S16

Pages 3–21

50 marks

Allow about 1 hour for this section

This section has THREE partsPart A – 20 marks Questions 1–20Part B – 5 marks Question 21Part C – 25 marks Questions 22–24

Pages 23–40

50 marks



Section 2 — Australian History,Civics and Citizenship

Section 1 — Australian Geography,Civics and Citizenship

General Test Instructions

• Total marks: 100

• Reading time: 10 minutes

• Working time: 2 hours

• Write using black or blue pen

• Attempt ALL questions

• Calculators may be used

• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top ofpages 11, 15, 17, 19, 31, 35, 37 and 39

Instructions for answering multiple-choice questions in Part A of Section 1 andSection 2

Use the appropriate Part A Answer Sheet.

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the responseoval completely.

Sample : 2 + 4 = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer andfill in the new answer.

A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correctanswer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing anarrow as follows.

correct

A B C D

2005 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship

– 2 –© Board of Studies NSW 2005

– 3 –S17

Pages 3–21

50 marks



Section 1 — Australian Geography,Civics and Citizenship2005

SCHOOLCERTIFICATETEST

AustralianHistory,Geography,Civics andCitizenship

PART A

Use the Australian Geography Part A Answer Sheet for Questions 1–20.

1 Which of the following is a characteristic of human environments?

(A) Crops

(B) Fauna

(C) Flora

(D) Minerals

2 Which of the following is a feature of the physical environment that makesAustralia unique?

(A) An aging population

(B) Few semi-arid regions

(C) Few high mountain ranges

(D) Winter maximum rainfall in the north of Australia

3 Which of the following is an accurate statement about land use in Australia?

(A) Most of Australia’s rural land is intensively farmed.

(B) Most of the land along Australia’s coast is closely settled.

(C) Urban settlements are evenly distributed across eastern Australia.

(D) Urban settlements are concentrated along the south-east coast of Australia.

4 Which of the following is an example of a traditional Aboriginal landmanagement strategy?

(A) Rotating crops to preserve soil quality

(B) Fencing areas to control the movement of stock

(C) Clear felling of forests to enable cultivation of soil

(D) Regular burning of areas to promote new vegetation

2005 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship • SECTION 1 • PART A

– 4 –

5 Students at a school form a landcare group. The main focus of their project is toremove non-native flora and reintroduce native species of trees and shrubs intoa reserve located near the school.

Which term best describes the main focus of this project?

(A) Preservation

(B) Promoting biodiversity

(C) Resource depletion

(D) Rural renewal

6 Which of the following terms best describes the spread of residential areas intoagricultural areas surrounding a city?

(A) Rural decline

(B) Rural exploitation

(C) Urban sprawl

(D) Urban consolidation

7 Which of the following is an example of lobbying to influence the actions ofgovernment?

(A) Voting in a state or federal election

(B) Standing for a seat in a federal election

(C) Asking a government member to support a new environment plan

(D) Surveying residents about the proposed construction of a new hotel

8 Whose role is it to make decisions about which countries receive aid fromAustralia?

(A) Federal Government

(B) High Court

(C) State Government

(D) World Bank


– 5 –

Questions 9–11 refer to Source A.

Source A

km

5000 1000

More than 1000 mm750 to 1000 mm500 to 750 mm250 to 500 mm125 to 250 mmLess than 125 mm

Average annual rainfall (mm)

30°

33°33°

27°

27°

24°

24°21°

21°

18°18°15°

12°15°

30°27° 24°

21°

18°

27°

30°

Average January temperature (°C)

km

5000 1000


– 6 –

C Sale & G Wilson, 1992, Introducing Australia, 2nd edn, Longman Cheshire/Pearson Education, Melbourne.

9 Which Australian city experiences more than 1000 mm of rain annually and anaverage January temperature of more than 27°C?

(A) Perth

(B) Darwin

(C) Brisbane

(D) Adelaide

10 Which ratio most accurately represents the scale of the maps?

(A) 1 : 500

(B) 1 : 50 000

(C) 1 : 5 000 000

(D) 1 : 50 000 000

11 What is the approximate length (in kilometres) of the eastern boundary of thestate of Western Australia?

(A) 1500

(B) 2000

(C) 15 000

(D) 20 000

12 Which of the following geological processes is currently having a major impacton the topography of Australia?

(A) Erosion

(B) Glaciation

(C) Plate tectonics

(D) Continental drift


– 7 –

Questions 13–15 refer to Source B.

Source B

13 What is the approximate bearing of Noumea from Sydney?

(A) 45°

(B) 225°

(C) North-east

(D) South-west

14 What is the latitude and longitude of Norfolk Island?

(A) 29°S 168°E

(B) 29°E 168°S

(C) 29°N 168°W

(D) 29°W 168°N

Tropic of Capricorn

30°S

20°S

40°S

130°E 140°E 150°E 160°E 170°E 180° 170°W

CORAL SEA

Noumea

Norfolk Island

Vila

Auckland

Sydney

Melbourne

Lord HoweIsland

TASMANSEA

km

5000 1000

FIJI

VANUATU

AUSTRALIA

NEW ZEALAND

NEWCALEDONIA

(France)


– 8 –

15 Use Source B and the following information to answer this question.

What is the approximate time difference between Melbourne and Auckland?

(A) One hour

(B) One hour and twenty minutes

(C) One hour and forty minutes

(D) Two hours

16 Which term best describes meeting the needs of residents by constructing a newhighway?

(A) Responsible citizenship

(B) Provision of infrastructure

(C) Environmental management

(D) Ecologically sustainable development

17 Emily is undertaking a fieldwork task evaluating the effect of a new highway.She is counting vehicles along a local road and using a tally to record her data.

What should be the next step in her fieldwork task?

(A) Gathering information

(B) Processing relevant data

(C) Communicating research findings

(D) Demonstrating active citizenship

18 Which of the following nations is part of the Asia-Pacific region?

(A) Chile

(B) India

(C) Papua New Guinea

(D) United States of America

19 What is one of the benefits to Australia of international trade agreements?

(A) Human rights are improved.

(B) Environmental management is improved.

(C) Australia is viewed as more important than other nations.

(D) Consumers are encouraged to buy goods.

1° intervals between longitudinal lines = 4 minutes difference in time


– 9 –

Question 20 refers to Source C.

Source C

20 Which population pyramid best represents Australia’s current populationstructure?

(A) Pyramid A

(B) Pyramid B

(C) Pyramid C

(D) Pyramid D

Number of people (’00 000)

Pyramid C

Age

(yea

rs)

01020304050607080

90+

10

FemaleMale


Pyramid D

Age

(yea

rs)

01020304050607080

90+

10

FemaleMale

FemaleMale


Pyramid A

Age

(yea

rs)

01020304050607080

90+

10

FemaleMale


Pyramid B

Age

(yea

rs)

01020304050607080

90+

10

8 8

8 8

6 6

6 6

4 4

4 4

2 2

2 2

0 0

0 0

2 2

2 2

4 4

4 4

6 6

6 6

8 8

8 8

10 10

10 10



B Parker et al, 2000, Geography for Australian Citizens, 2nd edn, MacMillan Education Australia, Melbourne, p 318. Reproduced by permission of Macmillan Education Australia.

Section 1 (continued)

PART B

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

Question 21 (5 marks)

Please turn over

2005 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship • SECTION 1 • PART B

– 11 –

Centre Number

Student Number

S18

– 12 –


(a) Use the temperature data to complete the climatic graph below.

Question 21 continues on page 13

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJan

Month

Climatic data for Nadi (Fiji)

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Prec

ipit

atio

n (m

m)

DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJan

272625242423242527272728

175130917759447086178336299292

Temperature (°C)

Precipitation (mm)

2


Marks


– 13 –

Question 21 (continued)

Use the information supplied in the tables below, and the climatic data on page 12,to answer part (b).

Guide for interpreting climatic graphs

Total annual precipitationAnnual temperature range (for hot to very hot climates)

Monthly average temperature

Description

Very hotHotWarmCoolColdVery cold

Average temperature(°C)> 30

20 – 3010 – 200 – 10

-10 – 0< -10

Description

SlightSmallModerateLargeVery large

Precipitation(mm)< 375

375 – 625625 – 1125

1125 – 1750> 1750

Description

SmallModerateLargeVery large

Temperature range(°C)< 55 – 15

15 – 30> 30

Marks

(b) Complete the table below, identifying the correct description for eachaspect of Nadi’s climate.

End of Question 21

DescriptionClimatic aspect

Annual temperature range

Monthly average temperature

Total annual precipitation

3


BLANK PAGE



PART C



Explain how drought has affected the activities of TWO different groups of people.In your answer, you may refer to the headlines below.

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End of Question 22

Water restrictions

are here to stay

Crops fail as dryspell continues

Food prices riseas dam levels fall

Industry pressured

to reduce and

reuse water

2005 SCT • Australian History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship • SECTION 1 • PART C

– 15 –

Centre Number

Student Number

S19


BLANK PAGE


Section 1 – Part C (continued)



Please turn over


– 17 –

Centre Number

Student Number

S20


Use the map to answer the question.

Australia’s international aid program is constantly changing.

Outline factors that affect the volume and direction of Australia’s international aid.

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End of Question 23

km

0 2000 4000

Volume of aid flow

$100 million

$500 million

Australia

SouthAsia

South-EastAsia

Africa

and

MiddleEast

PacificNations

PapuaNew Guinea

Regional flow of Australian aid in 2001–02





In your answer you will be assessed on how well you:■ organise and communicate your knowledge and understanding effectively■ support your ideas with relevant examples■ use geographical terms appropriately


Explain how decision-making by individuals, groups or governments, is involved inaddressing ONE of the geographical issues shown in the diagram below.

In your answer, include:

• an outline of the issue you selected;

• a description of the decision-making processes;

• how the decision-making processes have addressed the issue selected.


Geographicalissues

Waste management

Spatial inequality

Urban growth and decline

Population change

Tourism

Land management

Water management

Coastal management

Biodiversity

Air quality


– 19 –

Centre Number

Student Number

S21


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Geographical issue selected ................................................................................................


– 20 –


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End of Question 24


– 21 –


BLANK PAGE


– 23 –S22

Pages 23–40

50 marks



Section 2 — Australian History,Civics and Citizenship2005

SCHOOLCERTIFICATETEST

AustralianHistory,Geography,Civics andCitizenship

PART A

Use the Australian History Part A Answer Sheet for Questions 25–44.

25 Which term best describes the acceptance and tolerance of many cultures?

(A) Assimilation

(B) Integration

(C) Multiculturalism

(D) Reconciliation

26 Why were Australians fighting in the Pacific during World War II?

(A) To stop the spread of communism

(B) To stop the advance of Japanese forces

(C) To gain independence for New Guinea

(D) To ensure a victory for the United States

27 What was ONE outcome for Australians in the workplace at the end of WorldWar II?

(A) Trade unions supported jobs for men.

(B) More women gained promotion in the workplace.

(C) Special trade unions for women only were established.

(D) There was an immediate move for women to gain equal pay.

28 Why was there less opposition to conscription in World War II than in WorldWar I?

(A) Australia was under direct threat from the Japanese.

(B) The opponents of conscription were poorly organised.

(C) A Labor government was in power during World War II.

(D) Prime Minister Curtin had a strong record of support for conscription.

29 What was the main purpose of the women’s liberation movement?

(A) To gain paid maternity leave for all women

(B) To encourage women to remain single and follow a career

(C) To gain the vote for all women regardless of race or colour

(D) To empower women by changing their belief about women’s roles


– 24 –

30 Why did the Australian government provide incorrect casualty figures duringWorld War II?

(A) It was unsure of the accuracy of the details.

(B) It wanted to maintain morale in Australian society.

(C) It was trying to encourage support from the United States.

(D) It did not want the British to learn of any military weaknesses.

Questions 31 and 32 refer to Source D.

Source D

** kinship — shared origins or beginnings*** exert — focus

31 What did the Prime Minister mean when he said ‘that Australia can go’?

(A) Australia can surrender.

(B) Australia can go to war by itself.

(C) Australian troops can go to Britain for help.

(D) Australian troops can go to the United States for help.

32 What was the main point of Curtin’s message to the Australian people?

(A) Australia is abandoning its ties with Britain.

(B) Australia no longer trusts Britain with its defence.

(C) Australia wants to strengthen ties with the United States.

(D) Australia wants to help Britain with the problems it faces.


– 25 –

Awaiting Copyright Clearance

Questions 33–35 refer to Source E.

Source E

Battle casualties: Australian services, in the war against Japan

Adapted from Official History of Australia in the Second World War

* presumed — believed to be

33 What was the greatest cause of death in the war against Japan?

(A) Died of wounds

(B) Killed in action and missing, presumed dead

(C) Presumed to have died while prisoners of war

(D) Died of sickness, disease and injury while prisoners of war

34 What is one problem historians would face when using Source E?

(A) It is an example of Government propaganda.

(B) It is a secondary source and therefore not reliable.

(C) The accuracy would need to be tested against other sources.

(D) The source is unusable because of the number of presumed dead.

35 Why did the army suffer more wounded in action in the war against Japan thanthe navy and the airforce?

(A) Australian airmen only fought in Europe.

(B) The Australian navy was defending Pearl Harbor.

(C) Australian soldiers fought in close contact with the enemy.

(D) The Australian soldiers had inferior weapons compared to the Japanese.

Royal RoyalAustralian Australian Australian

Particulars Navy Army Air Force

Killed– Killed in action and missing, presumed* dead 840 6 294 1 140– Died of wounds 41 1 090 65– Died of sickness, disease and injury while 116 5 336 138

prisoners of war– Presumed* to have died while prisoners of war 2 391

Total killed 997 15 111 1 343

Prisoners of war escaped, recovered or repatriated 238 13 872 235Wounded and injured in action (cases) 553 13 191 253

Total 1 788 42 174 1 831


– 26 –

Questions 36 and 37 refer to Source F.

Source F

36 According to Source F, how did the role of some women change during WorldWar II?

(A) Women were expected to do jobs usually done by men.

(B) Women were expected to do more to help their families.

(C) Women were expected to feed the livestock on the farms.

(D) Women were able to participate in the fourth women’s service.

37 How is Source F useful to historians?

(A) It is an example of government policy during World War II.

(B) It demonstrates how the AWLA became the fourth women’s service.

(C) It is evidence of how women gained recognition during World War II.

(D) It shows the movement towards the acknowledgement of women’swartime services.

38 Which of the following indicates an improvement in Australia’s relations withAsia during the 1970s?

(A) The signing of the ANZUS Treaty

(B) The end of the White Australia Policy

(C) The move towards closer ties with China

(D) The creation of an independent East Timor

As a 17-year-old city girl in 1942, Peggy Feast (now Williams) thought when shesigned up for the AWLA (Australian Women’s Land Army) that she’d be feedinga few chickens and lambs. But what she and the 7000 other girls did, for periodsof a year or more during 1942–45, was everything the absent fathers and sons haddone. . . .

The AWLA was to have been recognised as the fourth women’s service, but at theend of the war that plan faltered. Since then the women have been fightinggovernments and the other services for their place in the sun. They have beenallowed to march in Anzac Day parades only for the last decade. And only threeyears ago were they finally allowed to join the RSL.

The Bulletin, 26 April 1994, p 30.


– 27 –

Source G

Source H

Prime Minister Gough Whitlam pours earth into thehands of Vincent Lingiari, representative of theGurindji people (traditional owners), 1975


– 28 –

Awaiting Copyright Clearance

Penny Tweedie/Wildlight Photo Agency.

Question 39 refers to Source G.

39 According to Source G, why is land important to Aboriginal people?

(A) It provides the means of survival.

(B) Land had been taken away illegally.

(C) Aboriginal ancestors are buried in the land.

(D) All aspects of Aboriginal culture come from the land.

Question 40 refers to Source H.

40 What does Prime Minister Whitlam’s action symbolise?

(A) The end of ‘Terra Nullius’

(B) The recognition of Aboriginal Land Rights

(C) The acceptance of Aboriginal people as citizens

(D) The coming together of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people

41 Consider the following statements about Sources G and H.

Statement I Both sources recognise the importance of land toAboriginal people.

Statement II Both sources present different views on Aboriginalself-determination.

(A) Both statements are true.

(B) Both statements are false.

(C) Statement I is true, and Statement II is false.

(D) Statement I is false, and Statement II is true.


– 29 –

Desperate Vietnamese refugeesarrive in Darwin hoping to make a new life

42 What was ONE impact of federal government legislation in the 1970s onAustralian society?

(A) Aboriginal women enjoyed better working conditions.

(B) The quality of students declined because of free education.

(C) The provision of childcare threatened the traditional family.

(D) Gender discrimination was addressed by equal pay for equal work.


– 30 –

1978

43 What response is the author of Source I aiming to produce from the readers?

(A) Sympathy for the refugees

(B) Relief for their safe arrival

(C) Anger at illegal immigrants

(D) Fear of increased Asian migration

44 How would Source I be useful to historians?

(A) It shows the push for assimilation.

(B) It shows the beginnings of trade with Asia.

(C) It shows our increased support for communism.

(D) It shows a factor influencing the movement towards multiculturalism.

© Board of Studies NSW 2005

Questions 43 and 44 refer to Source I.

Source I

National Archives of Australia (NAA:A6180, 8/12/78,24).


PART B



Please turn over


– 31 –

Centre Number

Student Number

S23


Use Source J to answer parts (a)–(c).

Source J – World War II poster



– 32 –

Australian War Memorial Negative Number RC00279.


(a) Who is the intended audience for this poster?

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(b) What is the purpose of the poster?

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(c) Outline THREE features of the poster that help it achieve its purpose.

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End of Question 45

3

1

1


– 33 –

Marks


BLANK PAGE



PART C



Outline some of the changes in government policy affecting Aboriginal people sincethe 1920s.

NOTE: You do not need to cover the whole time period from 1920s to the present inyour answer.

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End of Question 46


– 35 –

Centre Number

Student Number

S24


BLANK PAGE





Describe ONE way in which the Australian government responded to the threat ofcommunism. In your answer, you may choose to refer to ONE of the suggestions inthe box below.

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End of Question 47

‘Reds under the Bed’

Petrov Affair

Vietnam War

Korean War

Referendum to banCommunist Party


– 37 –

Centre Number

Student Number

S25


BLANK PAGE




In your answer you will be assessed on how well you:■ organise and communicate your knowledge and understanding effectively■ support your ideas with relevant evidence■ use historical terms appropriately


Explain why the nature of migration to Australia has changed since 1901.

In your answer, you should refer to:

• the changes in migration policy since 1901;

• what caused these changes.

NOTE: You may choose to refer to topics in the stimulus box below.

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• White Australia Policy/Immigration Restriction Act

• ‘Populate or Perish’

• Colombo Plan

• Refugees

• Integration

• Multicultural Policy

– 39 –

Centre Number

Student Number

S26



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End of test



australian history, geography, civics and citizenship

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