audio-visual mapping of statistical data sébastien caquard & glenn brauen geomatics and...
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Audio-visual Mapping of Statistical Data
Sébastien Caquard & Glenn Brauen
Geomatics and Cartographic Research CentreCarleton University, Ottawahttp://gcrc.carleton.ca
Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) Workshop - Toronto - Dec. 13, 2007
Overview
• Introduction to Cybercartography
• Cybercartography Infrastructure Overview: Nunaliit
• Mapping Trade Data: A Cyber Cartogram
• Sound in Cybercartography
• Trade Data Sonification Browser
• Future Directions
• Q & A
Introduction to Cybercartography
Cybercartography
"The organization, presentation, analysis and communication of spatially referenced information on a wide variety of topics of interest and use to society in an interactive, dynamic, multimedia, multisensory format with the use of multimedia and multimodal interfaces" (Taylor 1997)
Reflection of the Changing Nature of Cartography
While the map is considered central to cybercartography, the notion of geographic narrative underpins the concept. Map and associated media can help to tell stories about people, places, space and society.
Elements of Cybercartography
• Multisensory and multimodal
• Uses multimedia and Technologies (e.g. Internet, Web 2.0)
• Interactive - "users" can become "creators".
• Compiled by teams of individuals
• Applied to a wide range of topics responding to societal
demands including topics not usually "mapped” (e.g. conceptual
distances)
• New research and development partnerships
Cybercartographic Atlases
• Atlas of Antartica (Taylor & Pulsifer)
• Atlas of Canada’s Trade with the World (Taylor & Eddy)
• Atlas du cinéma canadien (Caquard & Taylor)
• Living Atlas of Indigenous Artifacts and Knowledge (Taylor and Phillips)
• Interactive Atlas of Community Information in Nunavut (Aporta & Taylor)
• Cybercartographic Atlas of Arctic Bay (Inuit Heritage Trust)
• Kitikmeot Place Names Atlas (Kitikmeot Heritage Society)
• IPY Polar Atlas for Education and Outreach Endorsed and pending (Taylor & Pulsifer)
• Inuit Sea Ice Use and Occupancy Project (ISIUOP) (Aporta)
Cybercartography Infrastructure: Nunaliit
Nunaliit Cybercartographic Framework
Nunaliit.org
Nunaliit Cybercartographic Atlas Framework
Nunaliit Deployment Model
Open Source and Open Specifications
GCRC: active in the development and application of Open Source software and Open Specifications. Example: Nunaliit is an example of this.New BSD License (Berkeley Software Distribution)
Consensus: Centre and Research Assistants engage in publicly funded research:Results should be freely available for use, modification,
and re-distribution with minimal restrictions.With this license, everyone is free to use and expand
upon this technology.Open specification: important in ensuring interoperability
between remote data and information sources
Mapping Trade Data: A Cyber Cartogram
Trade Atlas Overview
• Team of researchers and students (International affairs: Geography; cartography)
• StatsCan database (120 countries, 50 criteria, 25 years)
• Goal: Improve the analysis (and
communication) of these data
• Compare simultaneously place, time and themes (Schema Triad Spatiotemporal)
A Geographic-Cartographic Trade Sector Model (GCM)
A Cyber Cartogram
3 elements to represent the 3 dimensions of Schema Triad Spatiotemporal
1. A one dimensional Geographical Space
2. Some Geographical entities associated to attribute data
3. An interactive timeline
• Application to fish and sea food data
• Canadian fishing industry : Can$ 5 Billions / year
• Export : 85% of the production
• Import : Can$ 2 Billions / year
• 130 000 jobs
• 200 communities are dependant upon fishing
A Cyber Cartogram
Example
• Simultaneous comparison of the 3 dimensions of the Schema Triad
Spatiotemporal
• Visual aggregation (clustering) : inter/infra continental analysis
• Movement: highlights changes
• Original: stimulate users interest
• Customizable (data, shape, center of gravity…)
Cyber Cartogram: Assets
=> Multiple Potential applications
• Representation of complex spatiotemporal relations
• Comparison of multiple types of geographical entities (industries, cities, regions, communities…)
• Different forms of proximity (Demographic, social, cultural,
politic, climatic…)
• Multiple time scales (geological, annual, seconds…)
• Diverse and distant databases
Cyber Cartogram: Potential Applications
=> Some limits
cinemas
USA
IMMIGRATION EMIGRATION
Cyber Cartogram: Limits
=> Design primarily for expert users
• One geographical dimension = latitudinal
overlapping
• Spatial entities changing over time (e.g.
URSS/Russia) and arbitrary spatial limits
• Special database formatting for time series
• Relative complexity of the author interface (xml)
• Some design issues (interaction, play button, size…)
Sound in Cybercartography
Interactive Sound Cartography Research
• Completed work: Strategic Transdisciplinary Research Cluster focused on use of sound in cybercartography: Cartography, Music, Film Studies, Computer Science.
• Completed work: Nunaliit support of recorded sound and basic support for synthesized music.
Interactive Sound Example
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Continuing Interactive Sound Research
• Ongoing work:
• Enhancement Nunaliit of support for synthesized music and authoring abstractions.
• User evaluations of sound map examples funded by a SSHRC research grant.
Abstract Sound Use
Trade Data Sonification Browser Overview
• Application to explore data related to Canada’s Trade with World Regions in context of the Cybercartographic Atlas of Canada’s Trade with the World.
• Examine use of abstract sound representation in interactive atlas.
• Data (3 Selection Criteria):
• Location - aggregated by region
• Time - 5 year aggregation
• Trade Sector (Using Atlas GCM model)
Trade Data Browser Visual Variables
• Total exports and imports by region/period/sector.
Trade Data Browser Auditory Variables
• Canada’s trade with current region (mouseover):
• ratio of imports to exports (normalized by sector and period)
• percent of total (normalized by sector and period)
Trade Data Browser
Abstract Sound Pros/Cons
• Pros:
• Off-load visuals in complex application
• Engage users
• Good fit for abstract time-series data
• Cons:
• Still as complex as underlying data
• Users unfamiliar / surprised
• Users have strong audio preferences!
• Designed for complex applications:
• Many complex auditory and visual interactions
• Testing sound or visuals? (both)
Conclusion & Future Directions
• Nunaliit: a flexible open source cybercartographic infrastructure
• Allows the development of innovative audio-visual forms of
maps
• Spatial Analysis of (statistical) data
• User interaction
• Geospatial storytelling
Conclusion & Perspectives
=> Toward new ways of exploring and mapping statistical
data
Conclusion & PerspectivesProjets en cours
• Example: Atlas Cybercartographique du
Cinéma Canadien (SSHRC)
• Goal: explore the potential cinema holds
for audio-visual mapping
• Through statistical analysis and
representation of cinematographic
territories
• of production
• of action
• of distribution
Plus d’informations
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From Le jeu de l’oie (Raul Ruiz 1980)
Questions and Discussion
http://gcrc.carleton.ca http://nunaliit.org
Glenn Brauen: [email protected]
Sébastien Caquard: [email protected]