Geomatics for emergency management: Data acquisition using UAVs

and Rapid Mapping production

Ingegneria IIngegneria per l’Ambiente e il Territorio

Luglio 2015

Relatore:

Prof. Piero Boccardo

Candidato:

Salvatore Morreale

Tesi di laurea magistrale

POLITECNICODI TORINO

GENERAL OVERVIEW

GEOMATICS

Terrestrial PhotogrammetryAerial PhotogrammetryRemote sensingGeographic Information SystemGlobal Position SystemLaser Scanning

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

RAPID MAPPING

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EARLY WARNING

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

EARLY IMPACT

SEARCH AND RESCUE

MONITORING

SHOCK

FLOOD

EARTHQUAKE

STORM

LANDSLIDE

WILDFIRE

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

FRANCIAITALIA

RUSSIA

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Vulnerability Analysis

Immediate emergency response

Post-Disaster Analysis

Exercises on site and in the laboratories

Rapid mapping using satellite data and UAVs

Digital Photogrammetry

Laser Scanning

Remote Sensing

WebGis

Who?ACTIVITIES AND AIMS 3 di 18

Floods 6th November

1994 15th October

2000

ACTIVITIES AND AIMSWhere and When?

What and Why?

Morano sul Po (AL)

Luglio 2014

- CARTOGRAPHIC PRODUCT - STANDARD APPROACH TO USE IN REALITY- EVALUATION OF THE TIMING AND ACCURACIES

- SIMULATION OF A DISASTER- UAVs SURVEYS and GEOMATICS TECHNIQUES

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MEETINGBREAFING

ANALYSIS OF THE AREA

EVENT 1 : Industrial AccidentArea: 400 m x 400 m

UAV: HexaKopter

EVENT 2: FloodArea: 1000 m x 500 m

UAV: eBee

1. PREPARATORY PHASES

Meeting Place

Base Camp

UAV Take off and landing

TIME: 20’

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1. PREPARATORY PHASES

MEETING WITH THE CIVIL PROTECTIONARRIVE AT THE BASE CAMP

INSTALLATION GROUND STATION

UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)

Provincial Mobile Unit

Laptops

eBee(fixed wing)

HexaKopter (multi-rotor)

TIME: 15’

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POSITIONING OF THE MARKERSACQUISITION DATA WITH SMARTPHONE

TIME: 30’ Accuracy: 3 - 4 m

Nokia Lumia 1020App: GPS-satellite

Samsung S5App: U-center

16 Markers

Wood Panels50 cm x 50 cm

High-cromatic contrast

HexaKopter

eBee

2 Smartphone

Coordinates - Smartphone Surveyn° Longitude [E] Latitude [N] Altitude [m]1 45.161542 8.376118 109

2 45.161162 8.378744 125

3 45.161069 8.381048 119

4 45.159800 8.380348 126

5 45.160442 8.378693 168

6 45.160593 8.378110 168

7 45.159697 8.377926 167

8 45.159613 8.379187 163

9 45.159282 8.380085 157

10 45.159662 8.377111 118

11 45.163099 8.382845 114

12 45.162818 8.375848 123

13 45.161769 8.370627 122

14 45.160768 8.370742 124

15 45.159115 8.370845 127

16 45.161333 8.376059 121

2. PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY

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Camera Sony Nex 5Sensors

Company MikroKopter

6 Brushless Motors6 Propellers

Sensors 4 LiPo – 14.8 V

Payload 0,8 – 1 KgDiameter 60 cm

Weight 1 Kg

HexaKopter

The GPS Navi-Control board is a key component and provides an autopilot that can control the position and course of the Kopter. It provides a Position Hold and Come Home feature, as well as the capability for autonomous flight between Waypoints.

The Flight Control contains the main processor for receiving and interpreting commands sent by the pilot for the flight’s execution and numerous sensors to correct the navigation according to the observed conditions: - tri-axial Gyroscope (rotation speed)- tri-axial Accelerometer (acceleration)- Altimeter (height)

6 Brushless Controls cards have the purpose to regulate each motor.

Features

3. ACQUISITION DATA : UAVs

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Company Sensfly1 Brushless Motor

1 PropellerSensors

3 LiPo – 11.3 VPayload 0,15 KgWingspan 60 cm

Weight 690 g

The Central body is the core of the eBee and includes all the electronics, actuators and communications hardware on-board the drone.

The Data Link Antenna is used by the drone to communicate with the software.

The Pitot probe is the sensor used to detect airspeed, wind and altitude.It must be kept clean and clear of obstructions to function properly.

The Status LED displays the current state of the eBee. It is housed underneath the pitot probe and thus illuminates the entire transparent probe in various colors depending on the drone’s state.

The Ground sensor, composed of a high-speed optical sensor and lens assembly, is used to detect the proximity of the ground.

eBee Sensors Canon Ixus 127 HS

Features

3. ACQUISITION DATA : UAVs

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Flight Height [m] Digital Camera Stripes Images GSD [cm] Time Planning

Time

Flight

1 - HexaKopter 70 Sony Nex 5 8 190 2.2 6’ 13’

2 - HexaKopter 150 Sony Nex 5 4 160 5 5’ 9’

3 - eBee 200 Canon ixus 127 HS 7 160 5 13’ 17’

3. ACQUISITION DATA

The MikrokopterTool-OSD eMotion

WayPoint Generator Display Map

WayPoint Editor

Mission Planning Tab Map Area

PLANNINGFLIGHT

TIME10 di 18

Geodetic National Reference System UTM WGS84 ETRF 2000

Add Photos

Align PhotosAccuracy: Low

Build Dense CloudQuality: Low

Depth filtering: Aggressive

Build MeshSurface type: Height field

Source Data: Sparse Cloud

Build TextureMapping mode: Orthophoto

Blending mode: Mosaic

Not Georeferenced Orthophoto

+Coordinates Smartphone

=Georeferenced Orthophoto

4. DATA PROCESSING – ON SITE

DOWNLOAD DATACONVERSION COORDINATES

CREATION ORTHOPHOTODISTRIBUTION OF THE FINAL PRODUCT

CartLab

Agisoft PhotoscanTIME: 2h

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4. DATA PROCESSING – ON SITE

Hexakopter Flight – 70 mImage raster Ground Control Points Location Digital Surface Model

Image Overlap Camera Data

Survey Data

Control Points

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4. DATA PROCESSING – ON SITE

Hexakopter Flight – 150 m

Image raster Ground Control Points Location

Image Overlap Camera Data

Survey Data

Digital Surface Model

Control Points

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4. DATA PROCESSING – ON SITE

eBee Flight – 200 mImage raster Camera Location Digital Surface Model

Image Overlap Camera Data

Survey Data

Average camera Location error

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Hexakopter Data was sent in

the Geomatics laboratory

The orthophotos were shared by means of WMS services, thanks to the ftp servers inside the Provincial Mobile Unit of the

Civil Protection.

5. DATA TRANSMISSION AND REMOTE PROCESSINGTIME: 2 h 35’

DISTRIBUTION OF THE FINAL PRODUCTSEND DATA IN REMOTE LOCATIONCREATION NEW ORTHOPHOTOS

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FINAL RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSTIMING

Preparatory Phases

Photogrammetric Survey

Data Processing

Acquisition Data

First useful data:

4 hours

ACCURACIES

App U-center

Coordinates “RTK Survey””[m]n Longitude Latitude Altitude1 450967,885 5001083,470 117,1922 451169,300 5001037,246 116,6223 451352,114 5001025,564 116,3104 451295,155 5000887,812 116,6055 451168,820 5000958,750 116,5726 451121,424 5000977,090 116,1837 451104,411 5000876,263 118,0458 451204,835 5000866,991 117,2339 451275,719 5000829,846 116,64710 451043,093 5000874,818 115,69211 451493,225 5001252,340 119,80212 450947,904 5001223,993 119,89113 450531,368 5001111,694 120,43514 450543,504 5000995,237 116,03515 450548,992 5000815,971 117,15916 450960,482 5001059,867 119,851

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EMERGENCY RAPID MAPPING• Fast data acquisition

• New technologies of Geomatics (UAVs)

• Short time of Processing

• Not rigorous in terms of metric

• Accurate to describe the catastrophic event

• Cheap to be produced

• Wide areas

• Restrictions by ENAC Regulations

• Expert Users

• Improvement in accuracy of smartphone

• Better identification of markers

• Smartphone onboard UAVs

FINAL RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Issues to face

Possible futures improvements

Results

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Luglio 2015

Salvatore Morreale

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