Attitude Instrument Flying

Chapter 2, Section B

Fundamental Skills

Cross Check Instrument Interpretation Aircraft Control

Instrument Cross-check

Scanning TechniquesFrequent Errors

Fixation Omission Emphasis

Instrument Interpretation

Know what each instrument is capable of telling you

Aircraft Control

Action taken after cross check and interpretation of instruments

Maintain a light touch on the controlsUse of trim will result in only needing

gentle pressure on the controls

Attitude Instrument Flying Concepts

Control/Performance Concept Primary / Support Concept

Primary / Supporting Concept

Pitch Instruments Bank Instruments Power Instruments

Pitch Instruments

ASI AI Altimeter VSI

Bank Instruments

AI T & B HI

Power Instruments

ASI Tachometer Manifold Pressure

Basic Flight Maneuvers Primary Instruments

Provide most essential information Secondary Instruments

“Backs up” primary instruments For any configuration, there is one primary

instrument for pitch, bank, and power. In transitioning to a configuration, AI is often

primary.

Straight and Level

Primary Pitch instrument

Altimeter Bank Instrument

Heading Indicator Power Instrument

ASI

Straight and Level

Secondary Pitch instruments

VSI AI

Bank Instruments T & B AI

Power Instrument Tachometer

Standard Rate Turns

Primary Pitch instrument

Altimeter Bank Instrument

T & B (after established) Power Instrument

ASI

Standard Rate Turns

Secondary Pitch instruments

VSI AI

Bank Instruments AI (after established)

Power Instrument• ASI

Steep Turns

Primary Pitch instrument

Altimeter Bank Instrument

AI Power Instrument

ASI

Steep Turns

Secondary Pitch instruments

VSI Bank Instruments

T & B Power Instrument

Tachometer

Constant Airspeed Climbs/Descents

Primary Pitch instrument

ASI Bank Instrument

HI Power Instrument

Tachometer

Constant Airspeed Climbs/Descents

Secondary Pitch instruments Bank Instruments Power Instrument

Constant Rate Climbs/Descents

Primary Pitch instrument

VSI Bank Instrument

HI Power Instrument

ASI

Constant Rate Climbs/Descents

Secondary Pitch instruments Bank Instruments Power Instrument

Other Configurations

Constant speed climbing standard rate turn

Constant rate descending standard rate turn

etc

Instrument Failure

Any instrument may fail separately In addition, any system may fail.

Vacuum system failure Electrical system failure Pitot system failure Static system failure

Partial Panel Flying - Vacuum Failure

Fly by reference to remaining instruments

Where HI was used, substitute compass

Cover up failed instruments

Unusual Attitude Recovery

Partial Panel If in a spin, how do you know which

rudder is appropriate?

Control / Performance Concept

High Performance Aircraft Relies Heavily on AI Power + Pitch = Performance

Control / Performance Concept

Control Instruments AI, Power Instruments

Performance Instruments HI, ASI, ALT, VSI, T & B

Navigation Instruments CDI, DME, etc