ATOMIC STRUCTUR

E REVIEW

Have a Periodic

Table & a calculato

r per group!

THE NUMBER 14 IN THE NAME CARBON-14

REPRESENTS: The mass number

TRUE OR FALSE: THE NUCLEUS OF THE ATOM IS

VERY DENSE true

convert 2.75g Al to moles of Al

2.75 g Al 1 mol Al 27 g Al

= 0.102 mol Al

How many Al atoms are in 26.982 g of Al?

6.02X1023 Al atoms

WHAT SUBATOMIC PARTICLES ARE LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS?

Protons & neutrons

WHAT IS THE NAME OF RUTHERFORD’S MODEL?

The Nuclear Model

ALPHA PARTICLES HAVE A _________ CHARGE.

positive

WHAT MODEL IS PICTURED BELOW?

The Plum Pudding Model

convert 0.75 mols Na to atoms of Na

0.75 mol Na 6.02x1023 atoms Na 1 mol Na

= 4.5x1023 mol Na

WHICH HAS MORE MASS, A PROTON OR AN

ELECTRON? proton

MOLAR MASS IS MEASURED IN ________.

HINT: WHAT IS THE UNIT?

grams

ATOMIC MASS IS MEASURED IN ________.

HINT: WHAT IS THE UNIT?

amu (atomic mass unit)

convert 2.5x1015 atoms of Au to moles of Au

2.5x1015 atoms of Au 1 mol Au 6.02x1023 atoms Au

= 4.0x10-9 mol Au

WHAT SUBATOMIC PARTICLES ARE

DIFFERENT IN ISOTOPES? Neutrons

WHO USED A CATHODE RAY DURING HIS EXPERIMENTS?

J.J. Thomson

WHO USED GOLD FOIL & ALPHA PARTICLES DURING

HIS EXPERIMENT?

Ernest Rutherford

WHO IS KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF THE MODERN ATOMIC

THEORY?

John Dalton

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THOMSON’S MODEL OF THE

ATOM?

Plum Pudding Model

LIST 2 OF THE 5 STATEMENTS THAT SUM UP DALTON’S ATOMIC

THEORY.

All matter is composed of atoms Atoms can’t be divided, created or destroyed

Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds

Atoms are identical in mass Atoms can be combined, separated or rearranged

IS MODERN ATOMIC THEORY THE SAME AS DALTON’S ATOMIC

THEORY?

NO!!

LIST 1 MODIFICATION TO DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY.

Atoms of the same element can have different masses –isotopes

Atoms are divisible – Nuclear chem.

Atoms can be changed from one element to another- Nuclear chem.

WHO DISCOVERED THE NEUTRON?

James Chadwick

WHO DISCOVERED ELECTRONS?

J.J. Thomson

A _________EXPLAINS OBSERVATIONS AND PREDICTS

NEW OBSERVATIONS

Theory

WHAT DID THOMSON USE TO DISCOVER ELECTRONS?

Cathode Ray Tube

HOW MANY ELECTRONS DOES OXYGEN HAVE?

8

THE SUM OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM EQUALS THE ____________

Mass Number

DESCRIBE THOMSON’S MODEL OF THE ATOM?

Consisted of a cloud of evenly distributed positive charge with the negative electrons embedded randomly in it.

WHAT IS THE CONVERSION FACTOR BETWEEN MOLES AND

GRAMS?

one mole = molar mass

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THOMSON’S MODEL OF THE

ATOM?

The Plum Pudding Model

WHAT IS THE NUCLEAR SYMBOL NOTATION FOR THE

FOLLOWING?: ATOMIC NUMBER = 26; MASS NUMBER = 56

56 Fe

26

convert 0.25 moles of Pb to grams of Pb

0.25 mol Pb 207 g Pb 1 mol Pb

= 51.75 g Pb

HOW DID CATHODE RAYS BEHAVE NEAR POSITIVELY

CHARGED OBJECTS?

Cathode rays were attracted to the positive charge

WHAT DID THESE OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST ABOUT CATHODE RAYS: CATHODE RAYS WERE ATTRACTED

TO THE POSITIVELY CHARGED END OF A MAGNET?

Cathode rays have a NEGATIVE charge

WHAT ARE CATHODE RAYS?

beam of electrons

HOW MANY PROTONS DOES NITROGEN HAVE?

7

WHO WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO COME UP WITH

THE IDEA OF AN ATOM?

Democritus

DURING THE GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT SOME ALPHA

PARTICLES (POSITIVELY CHARGED) PASSED THROUGH THE GOLD

FOIL. WHAT DID THIS SUGGEST?

Atoms are mostly empty space

DURING THE GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT SOME ALPHA

PARTICLES (POSITIVELY CHARGED) BOUNCED BACK TOWARD THE MAIN SOURCE. WHAT DID THIS SUGGEST?

the atom has a small dense positive region that caused the positive particles to bounce back…..the nucleus

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ATOM AND AN

ELEMENT?

An atom makes up an element.

An element can’t be broken down.

PROTONS HAVE A ______ CHARGE

positive

WHAT IS THE CONVERSION FACTOR BETWEEN MOLES AND

ATOMS?

one mole = 6.02 X 1023 atoms

NEUTRONS HAVE A ______CHARGE

neutral

THE SI UNIT FOR AN AMOUNT OF A

SUBSTANCE IS THE _____

MOLE!!

A _________ MAKES GENERALIZATIONS AND DOES NOT EXPLAIN OBSERVATIONS

Scientific Law

WHAT DID ERNEST RUTHERFORD DISCOVER?

NUCLEUS

RUTHERFORD’S MODEL OF THE ATOM IS CALLED THE “NUCLEAR MODEL”. DESCRIBE THIS MODEL.

Suggested that the electrons travel around the positively charged nucleus. Difference is that the positive charges are NOT spread out like in Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model.

ISOTOPES ARE ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT HAVE DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF

_________

NEUTRONS!

HOW ARE ATOMS ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL?

The number of protons and electrons are the same!

WHAT ARE ISOTOPES NAMED BY?

Their mass number

WHAT IS THE HYPHEN NOTATION FOR THE

FOLLOWING?: ATOMIC NUMBER = 6; MASS NUMBER = 14

Carbon - 14

HOW MANY PROTONS DOES SODIUM HAVE?

11

HOW MANY NEUTRONS DOES BORON-11 HAVE?

6

__________ IS THE MASS OF ONE MOLE OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES;

IT IS MEASURED IN GRAMS

Molar Mass

THE NUMBER 12 IN THE NAME CARBON-12 REPRESENTS______

the mass number

Nuclea

r

Symbol

Atomic

NumberProtons

Mass

NumberNeutrons Electrons

7 13

9 11

7 76

9

19 40 19

20 F9

13 N7

209

40 K19

2119

THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE ATOMIC MASSES OF NATURALLY OCCURRING

ISOTOPES OF AN ELEMENT IS _____________

Average atomic mass

1/12 THE MASS OF A CARBON-12 ATOM IS EQUAL TO ________

1 atomic mass unit (amu)

ELECTRONS HAVE A ______CHARGE

negative