dRes erTmorwmuneobaa

is, ris gamoc

ruseT-saqarTvelos

urTierTobebs

met-naklebad

saxelmwifoebrivi

SeiZleba ewodos!

axali

saarCevno

blefi!

qarTvelobis gadasarCenad

# 33 (102) 22 seqtemberi 2009 s a x alxo mo Zr ao b a “ “s a m e gr elos “ org a no 5 0 T eTri

9

amis

dakargvis,

an

daviwyebis

ufleba

arc russa

aqvs da arc

qarTvels!

klimenti Selia

nawyvetebi v.veliCkos

wignidan "kavkasia"

6

lavrenti

beria _

qarTuli

genia

4

5

10

3

kacobriobis

istoria

kolxeTiT

iwyeba

gazeTi “ilori”

uZRveba rubrikas

“msoflios saukeTeso

fexburTelebi”

gazeTi “ilori”

uZRveba rubrikas

“msoflios saukeTeso

fexburTelebi”

12maradona

soxumis dacemis

16 wlisTavi 2Wyondidis eparqia

8

2 ilori22 seqtemberi 2009

batoni mirian jalaRonia karga xa-

nia gadascilda 80 wels, magram mainc

aqtiur monawileobas iRebs sazoga-

doebis yoveldRiurobaSi.

igi afxazeTSi cxovrobda da eweo-

da pedagogiur saqmianobas, aris Rvawl-

mosili mecnieri da pedagogi, sx-

vadasxva dros gamoqveynebuli aqvs

mravali publicisturi werili, 6 wig-

nis avtoria. igi gaxlavT afxazeTis

veteranTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare,

moZraoba “Serigebis” wevri, mecniere-

baTa akademiis wevri, gorgaslis or-

denis kavaleri.

igi uSualo momswrea afxazeTis

tragediisa, amJamad TbilisSi cx-

ovrobs da mSobliur kuTxeSi

dabrunebaze ocnebobs...

im avadmosagonar dRes, 1992 wlis 14

agvistos dilis 11 saaTze, TaTbirs

veswrebodi soxumis meriaSi. TaTbirs

arc erTi afxazi ar eswreboda, magram

yuradReba ar migviqcevia.

gagarinis moedanTan viyavi, roca

saSineli gruxuni, xmauri da kan-

tikuntad avtomatebidan srolis xma

Semomesma. SeSinebuli xalxi aqeT-

iqeT garbi-gamorbis. yvela panikas

moucavs.

_ ra moxda? _ vekiTxebi erT-erTs.

_ omi daiwyo! _ mpasuxobs igi.

_ kitovani Semovida jariT,

qarTvelebi gvebrZvian, gvxocaven! _ xma-

maRla gaiZaxodnen afxazebi da panikas

Tesdnen garSemo. es marTlac dau-

jerebeli ram iyo, magram samwuxarod...

gamoCndnen avtomatiani biWebi. mere

qarTuli tankic SevniSne, ratomRac

nomeri damamaxsovrda _ 714.

mere Cveni “sasaxelo” gvardiac

gamoCnda, romelTa msgavsni mxolod

saSinelebaTa filmebSi Tu minaxavs _

erTianad awewilebi, banjgvlianebi,

TvalamRvreulebi. yvelani erTmaneTs

gvanan.

axali ambavic gavigeT _ afxazebi,

maTi jari da mTeli maTi mTavroba gu-

dauTaSi gaqceula.

zogs gauxarda, zogs Zalian ewyina.

gaSeSebuli videqi erT adgilze,

mere Sin wavlaslasdi.

meore dRes qalaqis meriasTan Sekre-

bil xalxSi gaverie. vdgavar da vus-

men, guli mikvdeba, bevrs verc ki gau-

Tavisebia, Tu ra moxda da ra SeiZleba

mohyves amas. zogs uxaria kidec, qalebi

ufro aqtiuroben da axla amzeureben

imas, rac ki wlebis ganmavlobaSi afx-

azebisagan wyena SexvedriaT.

qalaqSi daiwyo morodioroba. jer

maRaziebi gaZarcves, mere es “dam-

cvelebi” mosaxleobas moedvnen, risi

gatanac SeiZleboda, yvelaferi gazides

_ qalis sacvlebic ki...

18 agvistos soxumSi komendantis

saaTi gamocxadda, magram swored am

“komendaturis” xelSewyobiT

agrZelebs xepre moZaladeTa xrova mo-

rodiorobas.

omis msvlelobaze saubars ar gav-

agrZeleb, magram cxadia, rom Cveni

mTavrobisa da cru generlebis meTau-

robiTa Tu wayruebiT 1993 wlis mais-

ivnisSi soxumi gamudmebiT ibombeboda.

uamravi saxli daingra, Cailewa, maT

Soris Cemic. SeZlebisdagvarad Se-

varemonte da isev iq gavagrZele cx-

ovreba. an, sad unda wavsuliyavi...

maRizianebda viRac ugvano loTis

Zaxili: “Наши победили, наши победили!“

saSinlad daibomba semerjievasa da

eSbas quCebi, daingra 70-mde saxli. sx-

vaTa Soris es adgili meore dRes Se-

vardnaZem moinaxula da mosaxleobas

daxmarebas dahpirda, magram...

meore dRes Sesabamis aqts vadgen-

diT soxumis meriis davalebiT, viTv-

lidiT zarals. saSineli suraTi vix-

ileT _ bevri saxli saZirkvlamde iyo

dangreuli, erT-erTi saxlis meore

sarTuls Wurvi dascemoda, qveSagebs

cecxli wahkideboda, masze wamowo-

lili adamiani ki TiTqmis uvneblad

gadarCa. Wurvis namsxvrevebs

daucxrilavs erT-erTi ojaxis

pirveli sarTuli, sadac or patara bi-

Wunas eZina. irgvliv yvelaferi mon-

greuli iyo, bavSvebs ki nakawric ar

etyobodaT. yvelaze metad gamakvirva

Txam, romelic mibmuli yofila ezoSi

leRvis xesTan. bombs xe mouglejia,

Txa ki, Tavisi TikniT gadarCa.

19-20 seqtembers mowinaaRmdegem gad-

molaxa gumisTa, 22 seqtembers daikava

axali raioni, Sroma da sxva strate-

giuli punqtebi. vxedavdi _ mteri sul

ufro uaxlovdeboda qalaqis centrs,

magram soxums mainc ver vtovebdi.

27 seqtembris dilaa, yurs vugdeb

srolis xmebs, romelic TandaTanobiT

Zlierdeba. quCaSi kaciSvili ar

WaWanebda, 12 saaTze ukanasknelad

gamoveTxove yvelafers, ukanasknelad

gamovixure WiSkari, guldawyvetili

vaTvalierebdi yovel kuTxe-kunWuls,

veferebodi saxls, venaxs, xexils, rasac

Cemi xeli aCnda. venaxs ori mtevani

yurZeni Sevawyvite, quCaSi gamovedi da

ezo-kars Tvali Sevavle. ZaRli ar

mSordeba, ymuis. me kelasurisaken mivr-

bivar. quCebSi xalxis zRva Relavs, ar

ician, saiT wavidnen. diliT aguZeris

navsadgoms mivadeqiT. guSagebi axal-

gazrdebs ar uSveben (netav vin gasca

aseTi brZaneba?). Ramdeboda, roca hor-

izontze gemi gamoCnda.

Sors soxumi moCans, iwvis, kvamlSia

gaxveuli. Wurvi Cvens maxloblad

daeca, zogi daiWra, zogierTebi haeris

talRam zRvaSi gadaisrola. gemamde

Zlivs mivaRwieT, radgan sami metris

simaRlis rkinis barieria gadasalaxi.

CemTvis dResac auxsnelia, vin da

ratom Seuqmna ganwirul xalxs es

winaRoba? xalxi erTmaneTs ar aclis,

yvelas surs sxvas aaswros gemze. mox-

ucebi da bavSvebi gembanze movkalaT-

diT, yoveli adgili wyliTaa savse,

dasajdomic araa.

29 seqtembers foTSi CavaRwieT,

sadac baTumisken mimavali katarRa

“kolxida” idga. gadavsxediT. meore

dRea araferi gviWamia. katarRaze

xili da lavaSebi davinaxe da mezR-

vaurs fasi vkiTxe.

_ ufasoa, _ momigo mezRvaurma, _ ba-

Tumelma moswavleebma mogiZRvnes afx-

azeTidan ltolvilebs...

avtirdi (samwuxarod, am striqonebis

weris drosac mereva cremlebi). maSin

mivxvdi, rom soxumis dacema afxazeTis

dakargvas da Cvens ltolvilebad

qcevas niSnavda.

baTumelebma kargad migviRes, dag-

vapures, sastumroSi Cagvasaxles, mere

institutSi mimiwvies da germanuli

enis kaTedra Camabares, sadac 8 weli

vimuSave. 80 wlis iubile gadamixades

da gamaciles...

Cven, ltolvilebs, yvelas erTnairi

cxovreba gvaqvs, amitom ar gavagrZeleb

saubars Cems gaWirvebebiT aRsavse bi-

ografiaze.

TandaTan dneba imis imedi, rom

ltolvilebs odesme gveRirseba afx-

azeTSi dabruneba. afxazeTis sakiTx-

ma am 16 wlis ganmavlobaSi, ara Tu win

waiwia, aramed sagrZnoblad CamorCa

konfliqtis sawyis dones da dakargul

teritoriebs axali danakargic miema-

ta.

vis unaxavs lozungebiTa da dad-

genilebebiT dabrunebuli terito-

riebi?

afxazeTis qarTveloba damarcxebaSi

xelisuflebas adanaSaulebs, xelisu-

fleba ki Cvens kiTxvas upasuxod

tovebs da am WidilSi yvelaze damar-

cxebulebi kvlav devnilebi vrCebiT.

zogierTs dRemde ver gaucnobiere-

bia, Tu ra Zalas viyaviT dapirispire-

bulebi afxazeTSi da iqaur

qarTvelobas gvadanaSaulebs _ afx-

azebs winaaRmdegoba ver gauwies da

gamoiqcneno. samwuxaroa, rom amas

adasturebs zogi qarTveli mecnieri

istorikosi. magaliTad, qalbatonma

marika lorTqifaniZem 2000 wlis 25

dekembers “dilis gazeTSi” gamo-

qveynebul werilSi aRniSna: “megrelebi

miemxrnen afxazebs, magram afxazebma,

roca daiwyes maTi Jleta, Semdeg

akrifes guda-nabadi da gamoiqcnen.

TiTo qva rom esrolaT maTTvis ar

damarcxdebodnen. afxazeTSi ki ibr-

Zodnen gorelebi, kaspelebi, Tbilise-

lebi da kaxelebi”-o.

samwuxaroa, magram 2008 wlis agvistos

omSi Cveni sazogadoeba da is-

torikosebic TvalnaTliv darwmundnen,

rom tankebisa da TviTmfrinavebis

mogerieba SurduliTa da qviT Seu-

Zlebelia. ratom gamoiqcnen gorelebi

da kaspelebi da ar ebrZodnen mow-

inaaRmdeges? Tbilisis ganapiras ori

bombi daeca da mosaxleobis umetesobam

maSinve aikrifa guda-nabadi, xelisu-

flebis wevrebi ojaxebianad miawydnen

mezobeli saxelmwifos sazRvars, bargis

Seumowmeblad gasvlaSi kacze xuTi

aTas dolars uxdidnen azerbaijanel

mesazRvreebs. sxvagvarad wlobiT

naqurdalsa da naZarcvs ver gaitandnen...

visac eWvi epareba megreli mebr-

Zolebis vaJkacobaSi, an eWvoben, rom

isini Tavis aridebdnen oms, gmirTa

moedanze memorialur dafaze waik-

iTxos daRupul mebrZolTa gvarebi da

maTi raodenoba. garda amisa, Svidi

aTasamdea afxazeTis omis monawile,

romelTa Soris naxevarze meti inva-

lidia.

1989 wlis 15-16 ivliss, roca gaR-

vivda qarTvelebisa da afxazebis

Soris konfliqti, vin daexmara iqaur

qarTvelobas? samegrelo da svaneTi

gadauvlida maSin afxazebs, magram

kvlav saqarTvelos mTavrobam SeaCera

isini mdinare RaliZgasTan.

am konfliqtSi orive mxares hqonda

adamianTa msxverpli, magram afxazebi

da qarTvelebi kvlav SevrigdiT da er-

Tad davrCiT Wirsa da lxinSi.

dadianebsa da SaraSiebs Soris

xSirad iyo konfliqti, magram moCx-

ubrebi yovelTvis poulobdnen saerTo

enas da erTmaneTSi rigdebodnen.

axla ki yofili mTavroba Tu gen-

erlebi erTmaneTs abraleben afx-

azeTis konfliqts _ kitovanma, viTom,

SevardnaZes ar daujerao, zeikiZem ki-

tovanis ar irwmuna da afxazeTSi sro-

la pirvelma daiwyoo...

SevardnaZe omaxianad gvpirdeboda,

rom Cvens mier saimedod dacul sox-

umSi Citi ver Semofrindebao. 27 se-

qtembers soxumi kvlav Cveni mxridan

momxdari gaugonari Ralatis gamo dae-

ca, eduard SevardnaZe da misi

“uZleveli” jari ukanmouxedavad

gamoiqca, Jiuli Sartava da mTavrobis

sxva guladi wevrebi kaciWamiebs

Seatova xelSi, mosaxleoba upatronod

miagdo, umweo ltolvilebad aqcia da

golgoTis eklian gzas gauyena.

dRemde ucnobia, marTla SeuTanxma

Tu ara SevardnaZem vladislav arZin-

bas afxazeTSi jaris Seyvana

“rkinigzis dasacavad”. aseve ucnobia,

ratom ar daureka kitovanma arZinbas

da ar gaafrTxila _ tankebiT Semov-

divar da yvavilebiT dagvxvdio! anda

ratom ar gaiyvana SeavardnaZem misi

“sasaxelo mebrZolebi” afxazeTidan,

roca afxazeTis mxare amas daJinebiT

moiTxovda? piriqiT, kitovanma Se-

vardnaZes Camoutana mwvane droSa,

romelic afxazeTis mTavrobis saxl-

idan Camoglija da amiT axara moZmee-

bze “gamarjveba”!

Zalze Zvirad dagvijda es iafi

Jesti!

mxedrionelebma ki, roca guli

ijeres gagrisa da soxumis ZarcviT,

moubrundnen da samegrelo dalaSqres,

gaZarcves, viTom “daimorCiles”. amaze

Tavis droze pamfletic ki daiwera:

“aba, erTi, miTxariT,

saqme mironcxebuli,

megrelebis garda vinme

Tu gyavT damarcxebuli!”

mainc darwmunebuli var, rom

qarTvelebi rodisme davbrundebiT

afxazeTSi. isev aRdgeba Cveni gaCan-

agebuli venaxebi, citrusis baRebi,

qarTvel bavSvTa Jivil-xiviliT isev

gaivseba soxumis quCebi, qarTul

skolebSi isev dairekeba gakveTilis

dawyebis macne zari...

me minda vnaxo Cemi ezo-kari, Sevide

Cems jargvalSi, mivujde megrul tabaks,

fialaSi Rvino davuSva da fexze

wamodgomiT erTad vadRegrZelo

qarTvelebi da afxazebi, romelic

mtrulma gonma da marjvenam daaSora

droebiT erTmaneTs.

mirian jalaRonia,

Sromis, omisa da SeiaraRebuli Za-

lebis afxazeTis veteranTa kavSiris

Tavmjdomare, mwerali, akademikosi,

gorgaslis ordenis kavaleri.

soxumis dacemis 16 wlisTavi(TviTmxilvelis mogoneba)

3ilori 22 seqtemberi 2009

bavSvobaSi yovel Cvengans gvaqvs na-

swavli siraqlemas suleluri saqcielis

Sesaxeb _ mtacebeli Tu gamoekida qviSaSi

CaTxris Tavs da raxan TviTon verafers

xedavs, hgonia mec ver mxedaveno da usa-

frTxoebaSi darwmunebuli, saoxrod aSve-

ril ukanals mtacebels utovebs, ro-

melsac siraqlemas gamofxekili Tavi ara-

ferSi Wirdeba. Cven ratomRac, siraqlemas

suleluri saqcielis marto pirveli na-

wili gvaswavles, rac Turme amiT ar mTa-

vrdeba. damkvirveblebma (ara gaerosi _

siraqlemebis!) SeniSnes, rom arian

gamorCeuli siraqlemebi, romlebic aTjer

da metjer ufro swrafebi arian, vidre

maTi ojaxis sxva wevrebi.

mecnierebis dakvirvebiT dadginda, rom

gamorCeulad swrafi siraqlemebi, raime

gansakuTrebuli saxeobis ki ar arian,

aramed _ nu ityviT da, odesRac, safrTx-

is Jams qviSaSi TavCanayofebi da SemTxve-

viT gadarCenilebi. aseTi siraqlemebi meo-

red arasodes yofen Tavs qviSaSi da

radgan siraqlemam sxva araferi icis gar-

da sirbilisa, gancdili SiSisgan maT,

Cveulebrivze aTjer meti siswrafe uvi-

TardebaT!..

marTlac saocari frinvelia sira-

qlema, Tumca igi dRemde gafrenili ara-

vis unaxavs!

siraqlemas es Tviseba saakaSvilis ama-

swinandelma, morigma gaseirnebam gamax-

sena ganmuxursa da anakliaSi.

ver gamigia zogierTi Jurnalistis, Wku-

as rom uwuneben Cvens prezidents. Tu yu-

radRebiT davakvirdebiT mis saqciels,

marTlac didi usamarTlobaa mas Wkua-

nakluloba daswamo, piriqiT _ nametani

Wkviania „miSa magaria!”

es rom ase ar iyos, maSin Jangian rusul

manqanebs kaxeTSi ki ar waiyvanda mSrome-

li xalxis „gasanaTleblad“, piriqiT, maT

megrelebs Cauyvanda da kaxelebs portis

aSenebiT „SeaxuWuWebda“, aba?!. xom dar-

wmundiT axla misi gonebis genialobaSi?

„miSa magaria” TavisTvis da misi ga-

remocvisTvis marTla Wkviania _ me Cemi

samegrelo da megrelebi mtkiva Torem!

samegrelos da saqarTvelos damaqce-

vari SevardnaZidan moyolebuli, JvaniaTi

da saakaSviliT gagrZelebuli, yvela

„ports” aSenebda da aSenebs anakliaSi da

es ase gagrZeldeba manam, sanam sabolo-

od ar „gagvaeqsporteben” Cveni gaubedu-

rebuli samSoblodan.

yvelaze samwuxaro ki is aris, rom yve-

lafer amas adrec da dResac taSiscemiT

da „miSa magarias” ZaxiliT miacilebs Ta-

namedrove „seTuris banaki” _ rogorc er-

Txel “iloris“ furclebze uwodes „yvi-

Teli avtobusebis sagangebo daniSnule-

bis mgzavrebs”. ara aqvs mniSvneloba „se-

Turis banakSi” is xalxi ZaliT aris miy-

vanili Tu, misi nebiT movida. moxda es

ase? damTavrebulia _ „miSa magaria!”

amitomac gavixsene siraqlemas uCveu-

lo wesi, utvino cxoveli bolos da bo-

los mainc rom mixvda _ sikvdils ga-

darCenils ra unda eqna!

samwuxaroa, rom uamravjer sikvdils ga-

darCenili samegrelo mainc ver xvdeba _

mtacebels gadayrili, isev qviSaSi yofs

Tavs da didi erosi manjgalaZis mier gan-

saxierebuli Teatraluri gmiriviT „vera

mxedaven, vera mxedaveno!” gaiZaxis.

axla ki, dinjad mivyveT msvlelobas da

patara eqskursia movawyoT samegreloSi:

SevardnaZe-„uxsenebelma” 1992-93 wleb-

Si araerTgzis moaoxra samegrelo. mainc

rom verafers gaxda, rusis jari Semoiy-

vana da sabolood daamxo igi sruliad

saqarTvelosTan erTad. sanacvlod _ 10

weliwadi ports uSenebda samegrelos

anakliaSi.

zurab Jvania _ jer „uxsenebelTan” er-

Tad, Semdgom ki mis gareSe aSenebda da

aSenebda anakliis ports imdenjer _ ram-

denjerac arCevnebis mosagebad dasWirda

megrelebi da maTi xmebi.

is ki ara _ ontofoSi Tavisi „geneti-

kuri babuis” sagvareulo miwebic moina-

xula. aRfrTovanebuli ontofoelebi

erTmaneTs askdebodnen Turme _ SexedeT

ra gaWrili vaSliviT gavs babuamisso!..

zurab Jvania, rogorc ekuTvnodes ise

acxonos ufalma. magram, me ki uars ar vi-

tyodi im megrelebis tvinSi Camexeda, vinc

mas babuamisis da Jvaniebis ali-kvalad

miiCnevda! (ara da, asakSi rom Sevida, Jva-

nia iseT somexs daemsgavsa, romelTa msgav-

sis moZebna somxeTSic ki gaWirdeboda).

RmerTo momiteve Tu Segcode _ Cemi de-

duleTis es uweso wesi dResac angrevs

samegrelos, radgan did Tanamdebobaze

vinme Tu wamojda, imwuTSive eZeben _ Cve-

ni kuTxisa xom ar hyavs vinmeo. ramdenad

znekeTilia is vinme, amas ki aravin dae-

Zebs _ mTavaria is xom zis maRla, Zalian

maRla!

naTqvamia, RmerTi samobiT ariso (mo-

mitevos ufalma am uRmerToebTan rom vax-

sene!) da es mesamec gamoCnda _ amjerad

„miSa magaria“ da misi TaRliTebi uSene-

ben megrelebs anakliaSi ports!

utyuaria, raRac iseTi mzaddeba, sadac

isev megrelebi da maTi xmebia saWiro, To-

rem is rom Caivlis, samegrelos da me-

grelebis im medrove da mliqvnel nawils,

enagadmogdebuli rom dasdevs saaka-

Svils „iqneb rames gamovrCes” imediT _

eriskacis, b-n oTar facacias mier, oTx-

mocdaaTian wlebSi dawyebuli samgzavro

portis ximinjebi SerCeba, nametani didi

rom ar iyos, erTi adgilis mosafxanad!

marTla RmerTi ar gwamT?.. ase rogor

gapampulebT aietis, qujis da cotne da-

dianis modgmas, es RvTis pirisgan gavar-

dnili, rom TeTri da Savi ver gagirCe-

viaT?!.

erTi Wkviani kaci rogor gawyda mTel

samegreloSi, adges da xmamaRla Tqvas _

anakliidan ramdenime kilometrSi mdebare

foTis porti usaqmuradaa migdebuli, ram-

denjerme rom gaasxvises, jer –„uxsene-

belma” da Jvaniam, Semdeg ki saakaSvilma

da misma CarCebma! xom xedavT, saSveli ver

daayenes mis rekonstruqcias, radgan an ve-

ravin Seacdines, an kidev sarfianad ver

mourigdnen rusebs, Torem engurhesiviT da

TelasiviT, isic maTi sakuTreba iqneboda

(RmerTo Segcode da iqneb sjobda kidec

asec rom yofiliyo, Zarcvas da aoxrebas

mainc gadaurCeboda SarSandeli „moge-

buli omis” dReebSi!) da „anakliis por-

tis satyuaras” veravis Caudebdnen ua-

zrod dafCenil pirSi!

es, rac Seexeba anakliis ports da misi

mravalwliani mSeneblobis mokle istorias!

yvelaferi rom am SarJuli mdgoma-

reobiT mTavrdebodes, ra gviWirs. ar vici

TqvenTan, samSobloSi rogor aRiqviT, ma-

gram _ teleekranze nanaxma sazareli

STabeWdileba dagvitova samSoblodan ga-

daxvewilebs saakaSvilis mgznebare mi-

marTvam anakliasa da ganmuxurSi yviTe-

li avtobusebiT miyvanili xalxisadmi _

„gaixedeT marjvniv, iq ganaTebulia da yve-

laferi Sendeba _ es saqarTveloa! gai-

xedeT marcxniv, iq yvelgan Cabnelebulia

da araferi Sendeba _ es ruseTia!”

Cemo Zvirfaso megrelebo, Cemo sisxlo

da xorco, Cemo mravaltanjulo saqar-

Tvelo da qarTvelo xalxo _ axla mainc

ver xedavT, Cvenma prezidentma saxalxod

da xmamaRla rom daukanona rusebs en-

gurs gaRma saqarTvelo ganmuxuris „xu-

xulebis” garda?!. esec droebiT, Torem

daukvirdiT, yvelafer amas rogor vire-

Smakulad akeTebs da erTi SexedviT „nac-

mos” didi aRmSeneblobiT iwonebs Tavs.

sinamdvileSi ki sulelebad miaCnixarT _

eseni mainc verafers mixvdebian, mTavaria

im gamgebma gaigos, visi misamarTiTac iTq-

vao!

is gamgebi ki, xval-zeg, ruseTis tele-

viziiT Semogvexmianeba da aqeT dagvadebs

vals _ „esec Cven xom ara varT, Tqveni

prezidenti adasturebs „engurs gaRma, Cab-

nelebuli teritoria rom ruseTiao!”

Tan imasac miayoleben _ “gaWirvebulis

dacinva araqristianulia, gvacaleT cota

xani, SarSandeli „wagebuli omis” Semdeg

cota suls moviTqvamT da mere mivxedavT

sakuTar Tavso!”

wina werilebSi vaxsene _ TbilisSi, “na-

xalovkaSi“ dabadebuli da gazrdili var

meTqi. amis gamo SesaZloa vinmem gaik-

virvos Cemi esodeni gulistkivili af-

xazeTisa da samegrelosadmi. ar gamik-

virdeba ase rom moxdes, radgan ara mar-

to saqarTveloSi, aqac, ucxoeTSic mra-

vladaa Tavregveni qarTveli, kuTxurobis

niSniT erTmaneTs rom Wams da geslavs.

swored imaT gasagonad vacxadeb:

_ dedaCemis deda, bebiaCemi ZirZveli

kolxi_megrelia, mas fexi ar moucvlia

adgilidan da dRemde afxazeTSi cxo-

vrobs. me da Cemma meuRlem ukrainaSi, iva-

no-frankovskSi viqorwineT, sadac erTad

vswavlobdiT. swavlis damTavrebis Sem-

deg Cveni TxovniT saqarTveloSi gagva-

nawiles. Tbiliss soxumi varCieT da af-

xazeTSi omis dawyebamde cota xniT

adre bebiasTan gadavediT sacxovreblad,

rac, samwuxarod, didxans ar gagrZelda.

germaniaSi Cveni gadabargeba Cemi meuRlis

fexmZimobam da omis cecxlSi gaxveulma

afxazeTma ganapiroba. saqarTveloSi sa-

xlkardakargulebma meuRlis samSoblos

SevafareT Tavi, sadac or qaliSvils da

vaJs vzrdiT qarTvelebad. vinicobaa, Tu

satanam imarjva da Cveni prezidentis Se-

gnebulad Tu royiod ganmuxurSi wamo-

naroSi acxadda da sabolood waiRo ru-

seTma afxazeTi, rogorc ucxo qveynis mo-

qalaqe, me iq uproblemod Caval, magram

yvelas gasagonad xmamaRla vacxadeb: me

arc ruseTs miyiduli afxazeTi minda da

arc iseTi saqarTvelo, yvelafers rom

egueba!

aravin ifiqros xelCaqneuli var da

Soridan sxvis dasamoZRvrad an Cemi

wili danaSaulis sxvisTvis gadasabra-

leblad viyefebi. mimaCnia, rom jer kidev

bevri ramis xsna SeiZleba, Tuki gulax-

dilebi viqnebiT, Tuki simarTles ar da-

vemalebiT, Tu ki qveynis damaqcevari pre-

zidentebis da maTi kriminali mTavro-

bebis „metaSfandure” ar viqnebiT, Tu ki

ar vifiqrebT „simarTle rom vTqva me xom

araferi momiva?”, Tuki ar vityviT „...me ra-

tom, ikivlos jer sxvam da vikivleb mere

mec, Tvara racxa aTi maneTisTvis xom ar

movakvlevineb Tavs´?!.” (gagaxsendaT al-

baT cnobili scena kinofilm “daTa Tu-

TaSxiadan!..”) da bolos Tu ar dagvavi-

wydeba, rom _ saqme Cveni samSoblos yof-

na-aryofnas exeba...

rogor davijero, rom es vinmes axsovs

saqarTveloSi, roca mis prezidentze, ra-

sac qvemoT waikiTxavT, gazeTSi gamoaq-

veyneben da xmas aravin iRebs:

„saakaSvilze ukeTesad vin icis, rom is

„mosyidulic“ aris, fulmicemulic „sxva-

nairad dainteresebulic“ da daSinebu-

lic! amitomac imarTlebs Tavs da ami-

tomac gaTqvams misi qvecnobieri qveynis

winaSe Cadenil danaSauls!“

„mters ar vusurveb ise yofnas, rogorc

saqarTveloa mixeil saakaSvilisa da misi

„uangaro“ strategiuli partnioris _ ame-

rikis xelSi!“ gazeTi „asaval-dasavali“

(17-23 agvisto 2009w)

aseTi mZime braldebebis Semdeg, aramc Tu

prezidentad datovebdnen germaniaSi (ne-

bismier normalur qveyanaSi!) msgavs eWvmi-

tanils, aramed Tavis mTavrobianad cixe-

Si Cajdoma ar acdeboda. saqarTveloSi ki?!.

“geficebiT yvelafers, saakaSvilSi

yovel wuTas veZeb raime kargs, qarTuli

jigaridan wamosul sinaRdes! veZeb magram

ver vipove! yvelgan da yvelaferSi yal-

bia, es oxeri! yvelgan TvalTmaqcia, yvel-

gan farisevelia..” _ (gazeTi “asaval-da-

savali” (7-13 seqtemberi 2009w) gulda-

TuTquli wers b-ni rezo esaZe da es, mar-

to b-ni rezo esaZis azri ki ar aris _

ase fiqrobs yvela moazrovne qarTveli

qveynis SigniT da mis gareT. msgavsi gan-

cxadebebis Semdeg ara marto prezidenti,

misi garemocvac unda iTxovdes Sendobas

da qveyanaSi darCenis nebarTvas, romelic

maTi moqmedebis Sedegad Tavze dagvengra.

saqarTveloSi akreditirebul, yvela

saxelmwifos diplomatiur korpuss spe-

cialuri samsaxuri aqvs, romelic maspin-

Zeli qveynis yoveldRiur presas da in-

formaciebs amuSavebs, mimdinare movlenebis

Sesaxeb da Sesabamis institutebs awvdis.

xSir SemTxvevaSi is, rac ramdenime dRis

Semdeg CvenTan unda moxdes, am uwyebebma

dResve ician, magram naklebad keTdeba maT-

ze reagireba, radgan adre vwerdi da kidev

erTxel gavimeoreb _ rom evropisa da ame-

rikisTvis (gansakuTrebiT am ukanaskneli-

sTvis) Cveni samSoblo Zalze iaffasiani

„sacdeli laboratoriaa”, sadac ucxos ki

ara, TviTon Cvens mTavrobas mihyavs saku-

Tari xalxi, romelsac xan afxazeTSi, xan

samaCabloSi, xan mTavrobis sasaxlis win da

xanac kidev... sadac moesurveba iq uwyobs

cdebs!.. da yvelaferi es uzarmazari ko-

rufciis, sisxlis da msxverplSewirvis

xarjze xdeba, romelsac Sedegad axal-axa-

li teritoriebis dakargva mohyveba!

amitomac rCeba dRevandeli xelisu-

fali xelSeuxebeli da ramdenic ginda

iyefos egreT wodebulma, an Tundac

marTalma opoziciam, mis xmas yurs ara-

vin daugdebs, radgan am sacdel labo-

ratoriaSi fuli aqvT gadaxdili da mas,

rac unda mouvides winaswar aris gada-

wyvetili.

mavani SemekiTxeba _ „Tu yvelaferi ga-

dawyvetilia, Cven ra SegviZlia, raRa dag-

vrCeniao?!”

me zemoT vaxsene _ jer kidev arsebobs

xsna! Tuki, yviTeli avtobusebiT natare-

bi „seTuris banaki” taSs ki ar „daubaT-

qunebs” miSa magarias wamonaroSze, „en-

gurs gaRma Cabnelebuli da dangreuli

ruseTiao!..”, aramed mourideblad cxvir-

pirSi ajaxebs (ganmuxurSi “Slopanci”

rom atakes _ ise) mas, rom engurs gaRma

misi mamobilis „uxsenebelis” mier ga-

sxvisebuli afxazeTi-ZirZveli saqarTve-

loa, romelsac axla farulad, iuri-

diulad, TviTon rom rusebs uformebs!..

ase Tu ar vizamT, maSin... bodiSs mo-

vixdi uxeSi SedarebisTvis, magram vera-

friT ver avuvli gverds erT kaxur aneg-

dots, romelic zustad asaxavs dRevan-

deli Cveni qveynis da misi prezidentis

namusaxdil mdgomareobas:

„sami vaJkacis mamas, TavisTana mutruk-

ma coli gauupatiura. mamasTan erTad,

Svilebic SeiSalnen Wkuaze!..

_ mami, daviWerT da movklavTo!

_ ara Svilebo, magas nu izamT, dagiW-

eren da cixeSi Cagsvameno!

_ maSin daviWerT da davWriTo!

_ ara Svilebo, magas nu izamT, dagiW-

eren da cixeSi Cagsvameno!

_ maSin daviWerT da magrad vcemTo!

_ ara Svilebo, magas nu izamT, dagiW-

eren da cixeSi Cagsvameno!

_ aba ra vqnaTo?!.

_ iareT ase deda gaupatiurebuleb-

mao!..”

kidev erTxel bodiSs movixdi uxeSi

SedarebisTvis, magram Tavs ver movityueb,

zustad asea dRes Cveni saqme. iqneb aman mainc

gamogvafxizlos, Torem Cven mwvave cait-

notSi varT, faqizobis dro ar gagvaCnia!..

daviT SoTaZe,

koblenci, germania

P.S. is iyo, werilze muSaoba davamTavre

da kompiuteri unda gamomerTo, rom

satelitze CarTul televizorSi Cveni

avadsaxsenebeli (marto avadmyofi ki

ara!) prezidenti, avlabris erT mil-

iardlariani (jerjerobiT rac uzis

misi mSenebloba saqarTvelos) sasaxli-

dan mikrofonTan ganmartoebuli erekeba

_ „ruseTma isic ikmaros, rac aqamde

gadasansla!.. aqeT mas fexs aravin gad-

moadgmevinebso!..” da mere xuTamde daviT-

vale „saqarTvelos teritoriuli

mTlianoba da amerikis da evropis mego-

bari qveynebis mxardaWera” rom gaimeora.

uazrobad CavTvale misi mosmena... magram,

dabejiTebiT minda ganvmarto, rogorc

ganmuxursa da anakliaSi, aseve 13 seqtem-

bers 18 saaTsa da 45 wuTze „miSa magarias”

gamosvla ori nawilisgan Sedgeboda: pir-

veli _ „gamgebma rom unda gaigos” da meo-

re _ „seTuris banakisTvis”. amitomac

umeora mas xuTjer (rac me davTvale)

erTi da igive, rom asineTam Tavi gaaWe-

Wyinos Tavis biWebs „maTxovari sulan-

jiasTvis, mama da marCenalis naTqvams

sworad Tu ver gaigebs!”

visac dRemde ar sjera, rom „uxsene-

belma” da „miSa magariam” gagviyida sama-

radJamod samaCablo da afxazeTi, saqar-

Tvelos Tavsdatexili ubedurebis Tana-

monawileni arian da am adamianebis gvar-

saxelebi garkveviT unda Camoiweros, bo-

TlSi unda Caidos, dailuqos da im sibin-

Zuris okeaneSi unda gadavuSvaT, romelSic

am orma antiqristem migviCina adgili!..

iqneb, odesme, sadme sufTa napirze ga-

riyos is boTli JamTasvlam da istorias

SemorCes simarTle, rom _ am garewrebis

garda, danarCeni qarTveloba sakuTari

samSoblos mTlianobisTvis brZolas

Seewira!

axali saarCevno blefi!

(da saintereso istoria siraqlemas uCveulo wesis Sesaxeb)

4 ilori22 seqtemberi 2009

Seqmnili situacia aiZulebs stalins,

rom daiTxovos oraxelaSvili

amierkavkasiis samxareo komitetis

pirveli mdivnis Tanamdebobidan, rasac

adre mamia Tavad iTxovda.

magram, vin unda Secvalos igi? stal-

ini ganagrZobs gansjas:

“miuxedavad imisa, rom beria ar aris

arc cekas wevri da arc kandidati, mainc

aucileblad mimaCnia, rom igi dainiSnos

amierkavkasiis samxareo komitetis

pirvel mdivnad. polonski am Tanamde-

bobisaTvis ver ivargebs, radgan man

arcerTi adgilobrivi ena ar icis...”

es striqonebi daiwera 1932 wlis 12

agvistos, agvistos Sua ricxvebSi ki be-

ria moskovSi Camovida. man politbi-

uros winaSe daayena ramdenime sakiTxi,

romelic 16 agvistos sxdomaze unda

ganexilaT.

sxdoma Sedga da kaganoviCma imave

dRes auwya stalins:

“beria iyo CemTan. igi namdvilad

didi SesaZleblobebis mqone muSakis

STabeWdilebas tovebs. mis mier

wamoweuli rigi sakiTxebisa Cven gan-

vixileT politbiuros dRevandel sx-

domaze. kerZod, saqarTvelos CamovaWer-

iT kidev 300 aTasi fuTi xorblis

Cabarebis gegma da sxva sakiTxebi. av-

tobusebs Cven maT gamovuyofT mosko-

vis xarjze...”

diax, “civsisxliani intrigani” beria

moskovSi Cavida ara saCivrebiT, rogorc

maria oraxelaSvili, aramed imitom,

rom saqarTvelosaTvis mieRwia xorb-

lis damzadebis gegmis Semcireba, sesx-

ad miecaT saTesle masala da gamoey-

oT avtobusebi. amasTan, igi yovel Tx-

ovnas asabuTebda _ sxvagvarad mas ar

daakmayofilebdnen.

rogorc xedavT, man moaxerxa, rom

moskovisaTvis raRac “gamoecincla”!

konkretulad: 10 avtobusi, 10 msubuqi

“fordi” da 8 satvirTo avtomanqana.

mkiTxveli xedavs, Tu rogori mon-

domebiT asrulebda beria mindobil

saqmes. movlenebs Zalze Sors gavuswreb

da vityvi _ beria rom qveyanas saTaveSi

Cadgomoda, igi aseTive warmatebiT

waruZRveboda sabWoTa kavSiris saqme-

sac. mas xom amis uflebaca da saSuale-

bac eqneboda!

formalurad pirveli mdivani jer

kidev oraxelaSvili iyo, magram xalxi

ukve beriasTan midioda da mas uwevda

ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed mTeli

amierkavkasiis problemebTan gamklave-

ba. da igi am problemebs agvarebda.

mravali es problema ki sakavSiro

masStabis iyo. gansakuTrebiT _ baqos

navTobi.

moskovidan dabrunebis Semdeg, polit-

biuros mxardaWeriT aRfrTovanebuli

beria farTod Slis mxrebs da axla

moskovs imaze mets sTxovs, vidre ram-

denime aTeuli “fordia”. da Txovs ara

saqarTvelosaTvis, aramed azerbai-

janeli menavToebisaTvis.

kaganoviCisa da molotovisaTvis mi-

weril werilSi igi iTxovs, rom

gaumjobesebuli iqnas navTobmrewvelTa

teqnikuri momarageba, miawodon maT da-

matebiT milebi da transporti da

gaumjobesdes menavTobeTa momarageba

kvebis produqtebiT.

cnobilia, rom beria warmatebiT

arTmevda Tavs socialur da sawarmoo

sakiTxebs. amitom, man moiTxova ara mx-

olod milebi, aramed, damatebiT, 764 tona

xorci, 56 tona cxoveluri cximi, 176

tona mcenareuli zeTi, 64 tona qaSayi,

328 tona burRuleuli, 198 tona Saqari,

2 tona Cai, 172 tona brinji, 67 tona

yveli, 370 tona sakonditro nawarmi, 65

tona sarecxi saponi, 5545 aTasi metri

bambeulis qsovili da ori milioni

maneTis Rirebulebis sxvadasxva sam-

rewvelo saqoneli.

da es yvelaferi unda moewodebinaT

_ yovelkvartalurad.

garda amisa, igi moiTxovda, rom

menavTobeTa momarageba gatoleboda

moskovisa da leningradis mcxovrebTa

momaragebis xarisxs.

29 agvistos kaganoviCma da molo-

tovma gaugzavnes stalins Sifrograma,

sadac mas sTxovdnen, rom berias Txov-

na daekmayofilebinaT, magram sanacvlod

misgan, azerbaijanisa da “aznavTobis”

xelmZRvanelobisagan moiTxovdnen... rom

navigaciis dasasrulamde, bevrad gadae-

WarbebinaT navTobis mopovebis zegeg-

miuri norma, romelic 500.000 toniT iyo

gansazRvruli.

Sifrograma am sityvebiT mTavrde-

boda: “qalaqi grozno wels gegmas ver

Seasrulebs, mTeli Zalisxmeva ga-

datanili unda iqnas “aznavTobze”.

stalinma am Sifrogramas Semdegi re-

zolucia waawera:

“marTalia, Tqven zedmet fufunebaSi

amyofebT “aznavTobs” sxvadasxva

“wamglejTa” moTxovnis safuZvelze,

magram, vfiqrob, rom am Txovnas mainc

unda davTanxmde.

stalini”

maS ase, stalinma ukve miakuTvna be-

ria “wamglejTa” kategorias, magram,

lavrentis rom es rezolucia waekiTxa,

udavod gaixarebda.

stalini xom yasidad burtyunebda,

raTa vinmes samsaxuri samoTxed ar

moCveneboda. igi kargad xedavda, rom am

“wamglejisaTvis” monaTxovi unda mieca.

upirvelesad igi sakuTar Tavze ar

zrunavs, aramed saqmesa da adamianebze,

romlebic yovelTvis wina planze uye-

nia.

meorec, es “wamgleji” sulac ar aris

moqaqane trabaxa da baqia. mas Tu mis-

cem imas, rasac iTxovs, yovelTvis miiReb

misgan imdens, ramdensac mosTxov!

1932 wlis 9 oqtombers politbiurom

daakmayofila oraxelaSvilis Txovna

samsaxuridan ganTavisuflebis Taobaze

da amierkavkasiis samxareo komitetis

pirvel mdivnad dainiSna beria, romel-

mac aseve SeiTavsa saqarTvelos kom-

partiis (b) cekas pirveli mdivnis

Tanamdebobac. man ukve miaRwia qristes

asaks da Tavisi ocdacameti wlis sic-

ocxlis manZilze uamravi ramis gakeTe-

ba moaswro.

mamia oraxelaSvili moskovSi

gaemgzavra, sadac marqs-engels-

leninis institutis direqtoris moad-

giled dainiSna. male iq gaemgzavra

mariamic, romelic ganaTlebis

sakavSiro komisariatis umaRlesi

skolebis sammarTvelos Caudga sa-

TaveSi.

stalini ki saWiro dros miemgza-

vreboda dasasveneblad da misi mimow-

era kaganoviCTan grZeldeboda. am wer-

ilebSi drodadro ganixileboda

amierkavkasiis sakiTxi, sadac xSirad

gaiJRerebda xolme berias gvari.

magram, am werilebidan ukve gaqra

sityvebi “Cxubi da RvarZli”.

samagierod gaCnda sityvebi “idea da

iniciativa”.

amierkavkasiis partiuli lideri

xruSCovis partiuli biurokratebi,

romelTac “saimedod” amoWres beriaze

informacia didi sabWoTa enciklope-

diis 22-23 gverdebze, sulac ar iqne-

bodnen biurokratebi, sakuTar saqmes

odnav sxvagvarad rom misdgomodnen.

roca isini mkiTxvelebs urCevdnen

makratliTa da samarTebliT amoeWraT

enciklopediidan aRniSnuli gverdebi,

ver gaiTvalswines is, rom lavrenti

pavles Ze berias istoriidan ase

ubralod ver amoWri.

amitom, roca me gadavfurcle didi

sabWoTa enciklopediis meore tomi da

Sevudeqi statiis kiTxvas saTauriT

“Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komiteti”, dar-

wmunebuli viyavi, rom iq berias gvars

aRmovaCendi.

me igi iq vipove, magram amis Taobaze

_ Tavis droze.

manamde ki wavikiTxe enciklopediis

sxva tomebi (bunebrivia, 1953 wlis 26

ivnisis Semdgom gamocemebi) da SevamC-

nie, rom xruSCovis cenzuras mainc

“gaepara” raRac-raRaceebi:

a) somxeTSi arsebobda berias sax-

elobis raioni, beris saxelobis arxi,

leninakanSi ki funqcionirebda berias

saxelobis kulturisa da dasvenebis

parki (me-3 tomi);

b) saqarTveloSi berias saxels

atarebda afxazeTis sabWoTa meurneo-

ba “axali aToni”, soxumis pedagogiuri

instituti, tyvarCelis hidroelsadguri,

baTumis manqanaTmSenebeli qarxana,

Tbilisis fexsacmelebis fabrika, sox-

umis raionis kolmeurneoba, saqarTve-

los sasoflo-sameurneo instituti,

Tbilisis pionerTa da moswavleTa

sasaxle da aseve Tbilisis “dinamos”

stadioni (me-13 tomi);

unda vivaraudoT, rom berias saxeli

arc azerbaijanSi daviwyniaT, radgan man

uamravi sasikeTo saqme mihmadla menav-

Tobeebs, magram amis Sesaxeb enciklo-

pediaSi veraferi wavikiTxe. da raoden

sakvirvelic ar unda iyos, aq swored

rom antonov-ovseenkom mixsna, romlis

wignidan Sevityve, rom baqoSi berias

saxels atarebda vagonsaremonto qarx-

ana da erT-erTi msxvili navTobsawar-

mo.

manve dagvitova cnoba imis Taobaze,

rom berias saxels atarebda leninaka-

nis erT-erTi sasazRvro ganrigi, foTis

Teatri, xaSuris eleqtromatareblebis

depo, agaris Saqris qarxana. bevri cno-

ba amis Taobaze arc antonov-ovseenkos

moupovebia.

ara mgonia, rom am warmoeba-dawese-

bulebebis am saxeliT “monaTvla” pi-

radad berias iniciativa yofiliyo. es

gaxldaT epoqis moTxovna!

es gaxldaT ara pativmoyvareobis

gamovlineba, aramed im koleqtivis pa-

tiviscema saxelmwifo moRvawisadmi,

vinc misi saxelis tareba gadawyvita.

ra unda eqnaT im pirebs, vis saxel-

sac warmoeba-dawesebulebebi atarebd-

nen? uari ganecxadebinaT? es ki niSnavda

SromiTi koleqtivebis wyeninebas. Tanac

_ kavkasiaSi!

ase Tu ise, ocdaaTiani wlebis da-

sawyisSi beria amierkavkasiis lideri

gaxda. da didi sabWoTa enciklopedi-

is meore tomSi Cawerili sityvebi

imis Taobaze, rom “baqos navTobwar-

moebis aRorZinebis saqmeSi didi roli

iTamaSes stalinis TanamebrZolebma

s.m. kirovma, g.k. orjonikiZem da l.p. be-

riam”, sruli WeSmariteba gaxlavT.

magram berias yuradRebis centrSi

mxolod navTobi rodi iyo moqceuli.

cnobilia, rom ukve 1933 wels beriam pi-

radad gadasca stalins werili, sadac

saubari iyo ara mxolod navTobze,

aramed iSviaT liTonebzec.

beria winadadebas iZleoda, rom 1934

wlis gegmaSi SeetanaT:

_ navTobis pirveladi gadamuSavebis

krekingebisa da qarxnebis mSenebloba;

_ maxaCkala-staligradis navTob-

sadenis gayvana;

_ baqo-baTumis navTobsadenis ga-

farToeba;

_ azerbaijanis axal ubnebze ge-

ologiuri-sadazvervo samuSaoebis

Catareba;

_ kaspiis samoqalaqo flotisaTvis

axali gemebis ageba.

da yvelaferi es ganxiluli iyo kom-

pleqsSi da esec berias muSaobis

stili gaxldaT. ase rom, amierkavkasi-

is saTaveSi aRmoCnda ara wminda wylis

politikosi, aramed _ teqnokrati.

da ara ubralod teqnokrati, aramed

axali, socialisturi tipis teqnokrati,

muSaki, romelic SesaniSnavad erkveoda

epoqis moTxovnebSi, problemebSi da yve-

lafers akeTebda adamianebis keTil-

dReobis asamaRleblad. es gaxldaT

moRvawe, romelic erTmaneTisagan ar

ganasxvavebda “warmoebas” da “so-

cialur yofas” am maT ganixilavda ro-

gorc erTian mcnebas.

aseve konkretuli iyo berias Canaw-

erebi iSviaT metalebTan dakavSirebiT.

masSi saubari iyo WiaTuris marganecze,

molibdenis, cinkisa da tyviis mopove-

baze, aluminis zeJangis warmoebaze.

isic xom naTelia, pativcemulo mk-

iTxvelo, rom beria arc geologi iyo,

arc menavTobe da arc metalurgi... ma-

gram igi ayenebda axali geologiur-

sadazvervo samuSaoebis Catarebis

ideas... did mniSvnelobas aniWebda ax-

ali navTobsadenebis mSeneblobas da

iSviaTi metalebis warmoebis perspeq-

tivas.

da Tu adre es saqme daviwyebas

eZleoda mamia oraxelaSvilis arakom-

petenturobis gamo, axla xdeboda misi

aRorZineba berias kompetenturobis

wyalobiT.

WiaTuris maRaroebSi marganecis

mopoveba mefis drosac xdeboda da

oraxelaSvilis drosac. magram misi

mopovebis xarisxi da tempebi dRi-

TidRe izrdeboda...

adre iSviaTi liTonebis mopovebis

saqme mniSvnelovnad muxruWdeboda,

axla ki mkvdari wertilidan daiZra. da

es yvelaferi, vimeoreb _ berias wyalo-

biT xdeboda!

stalini yovelive amas mniSvnelovnad

miiCnevda, magram umTavresad mainc nav-

Tobs miiCnevda da 1933 wlis 21 oq-

tombers kaganoviCs swerda:

“cudadaa baqos navTobis saqme. wels

movipovebT 15 milion tona navTobs, mo-

maval wels mopoveba aiwevs 21-22 mil-

ion tonamde. amis miuxedavad navTobis

mTavar sammarTvelos yurze sZinavs, ser-

go ki mxolod dapirebebiT ifargleba...”

gagrZeleba iqneba

lavrenti beria _ qarTuli geniasergei kremliovi

beria _ XX saukunis saukeTeso

menejeri Targmani roland jalaRaniasi

5ilori 22 seqtemberi 2009

miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveni

konstituciiT saxelmwifo da

marTlmadidebluri eklesia

erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli

institutebia, erTi ram ueWvelia

_ qarTul samociqulo

marTlmadideblur eklesias da

mis saWeTmpyrobels, saqarTve-

los sulier mamas, uwmindessa

da unetares ilia meores, `nac-

moeli~ xlistebis uwmindursa

da uborotes xelisuflebasa

da maT mesaWe mixeil I saakaS-

vilTan SedarebiT, ganuzomlad

didi avtoriteti aqvs.

`nacebisaTvis~ am savalalo

proporciebis gamo, bolo dros

qarTul eklesias da piradad

ilia meores ebrZvian iseTi bo-

bola xlistebi, qristes fexis

mkvnetelebi, rogorebic nodar

ladaria, gigi TevzaZe da Zmani

maTni brZandebian. pirveli la-

mis yovel orSabaTs `24 saaTis~

furclebze anTxevs Sxamsa da

balRams, xolo meore i. WavWa-

vaZis sax. universitetSi pro-

fesionali pederastebisa da

seqtantebis mier Catarebuli

leqciebiT bilwavs da ryvnis

Cveni bavSvebis sulebs.

Tumca, es ise, rogorc ityvi-

an, sityvam moitana da imitom

vaxsene es murdali xalxi, ro-

melTa saqmenic, rom ityvian _

araxalia. samwuxaro is aris,

rom msgavs tonalobaSi qveynis

pirveli piric alaparakda. bai-

denis gancxadebebiT gulmoce-

mulma saakaSvilma amerikeli

stumris wasvlis meore dResve

avlabris sasaxleSi, romlis

gumbaTi bevrs hitleris raixs-

tags, xolo me faberJes saaRd-

gomo kvercxebs magonebs, na-

cionali `kvercxebis~ winaSe

gamosvlisas ganacxada:

`...Cveni survilia, mtroba (ru-

seTTan, _ avt.) aRmovfxvraT, ma-

gram mtroba gaqreba ara erT-

morwmuneobaze uazro saubriT

_ roca Cvens eklesiebs angre-

ven afxazeTSi; ara saubrebiT

kulturul dialogze _ roca

Cveni 500 aTasi devnili sax-

lebSi ver brundeba, maT Soris,

kulturis moRvawenic; ara mec-

nierTa da sazogadoebaTa Soris

dialogis meSveobiT... mtroba

dasruldeba da megobroba

daiwyeba maSin, roca ukanaskne-

li ucxotomeli jariskaci sa-

qarTvelos teritorias dato-

vebs! amaze iluzia nuravis eqne-

ba~.

sainteresoa, Tavad ris ilu-

zia aqvs baton prezidents, anu,

Tu sakuTari patronis da mama-

marCenalis darigebani Seismina,

rom afxazeT-samaCablos mimarT

mSvidobian politikas alter-

nativa ar aqvs, rogor da rodis

vapirebT imis miRwevas, rom uka-

nasknel ucxotomels davato-

vebinoT saqarTvelos terito-

ria, Tu ara mecnierebs, sazoga-

doebebs Soris dialogiT? isev

axali samxedro avantiurisken

xom ar miuwevs guli Cvens

`uSiS, viTarca uxorco~ mTa-

varsardals?

an 500 aTas devnilze, maT So-

ris, kulturis moRvaweebze sau-

bari cota uxerxuli xom ar

aris, roca sacodavi devnilebi

mauThauzenis Tu birkenaus, os-

vencimis Tu buhenvaldis msgavs

getoebSi SevrekeT, xolo isini,

vinc SedarebiT ukeTes piro-

bebSi cxovrobda, ara erTxel

gamoyares omamdec da omis Sem-

degac saxelmwifo Senobebidan?

an ra dros devnil kultu-

risa Tu, zogadad, inteligenci-

is warmomadgenlebze saubaria,

roca isinic aravis sWirdeba,

vinc devnili ar aris, magram

mainc `Carecxes~?

rac Seexeba afxazeTSi Cveni

eklesiebis ngrevas, piradad me

amis Sesaxeb ar msmenia, magram

asec rom iyos, mtrisagan aseTi

ram ra gasakviria, rodesac Cve-

ni `moyvare~ xelisuflebisgan

aRaravis ukvirs, konkretulad,

eklesiebis ngreva Tu, zogadad,

marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoe-

bis devna-Seviwrovebis, ganqiqe-

bis aSkara tendenciebi?

iman, rac mavanTaTvis uazro-

baa, ukve moitana Cveni qvey-

nisTvis azriani Sedegi, rodesac

moskovSi Casul ilia meores

muxlmodrekiT eambornen pu-

tini da medvedevi rogorc

marTlmadidebeli qristianebi

saqristianos erT-erT uwmin-

des avtoritetTagans, xolo, ro-

gorc ruseTis premierma da

prezidentma, niSnad ilia meo-

risadmi pativiscemisa, okupire-

buli perevidan jarebis gayva-

na brZanes.

aqedan gamomdinare, ufro me-

tis, Tu kodoridan ara, sul

mcire, axalgoris deokupaciis

imedic gaCnda, magram, rogorc

Cans, miSas pativmoyvare da eWvi-

anma pirovnebam sakuTar

marcxad aRiqva patriarqis Za-

lisxmevis Sedegad miRweuli

mcire, magram mainc uaRresad

mniSvnelovani warmateba da jer

iseTi ram daabrexva _ ilia meo-

res moskovSi wasvlis win Ca-

vutare instruqtaJi da rac

davabare, is ilaparaka medvedev-

putinTano da Sedegad, rusebi

ukan mobrundnen, romelTa da-

naxvaze Cvenma lomebma

kurdRlebiviT mococxes.

modi da amis mere cnobili

andazis perifraziT nu ityvi _

patriarqis aRma xnuli prezi-

dentma dabla farcxao... rusebi

dResac perevSi dganan, sadac ad-

gilobriv qarTvelebs xazgas-

muli koreqtulobiT eqcevian.

sabednierod, patriarqis kidev

erTi `uazro~ saubris azriani

Sedegi dResac ZalaSia _

bevrisTvis moulodnelad, ru-

seTis marTlmadidebluri ekle-

sia kvlavac cnobs afxazeT-

cxinvalis eparqiebs qarTuli

avtokefaliis sazRvrebSi. miu-

xedavad imisa, rom es terito-

riebi de iured aRiara ruseT-

ma damoukidebel saxelmwifoe-

bad.

saqarTvelos eklesiis msgav-

sad, ruseTis eklesiac didi av-

toritetiT sargeblobs saku-

Tar mosaxleobaSi, oRond, Cven-

gan gansxvavebiT, xelisufleba-

sTan erTad.

dRes, rodesac ruseTTan pir-

dapiri politikuri dialogi ga-

moricxulia ara mxolod imi-

tom, rom diplomatiuri ur-

TierTobebi aRar gvaqvs, aramed

imitomac, rom medvedev-putins

ara erTxel ganucxadebiaT sa-

qarTvelos dRevandel xeli-

suflebasTan molaparakebis

SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb da roca

imaves acxadeben separatistuli

respublikebis de faqto lide-

rebic, ar mgonia, Cveni xelisu-

flebis mier, diaxac, erTaderTi

safuZvlis _ erTmorwmuneobis

gamouyenebloba gonivruli

saqcieli iyos, radgan zemoT

xsenebuli avtoritetisa da

ndobis gamo, riTac rusul-qar-

Tuli eklesiebi sargebloben

sakuTar qveynebSi, ori erT-

morwmune eklesiis kontaqtebs

SeiZleba, garkveulwilad, sa-

xelmwifoebrivi datvirTva hqon-

des.

Cven ki ras CavdivarT? xeli-

suflebam yvelaferi gaakeTa

imisaTvis, rom Cveni patriarqi

aRar CabrZandes moskovSi. yve-

las gvaxsovs is arajansaRi

miTqma-moTqma, rac ilia II

`droulma~ avadmyofobam ga-

moiwvia, ris gamoc ruseTis pa-

triarqis dakrZalvas ver da-

eswro.

gasuli wlis agvistoSi

sisxldadenili qarTveloba

aramc da aramc ar unda dave-

jabninoT rusebis mimarT sam-

arTlian guliswyromas, bolos

da bolos, germania da israeli

Serigdnen, miuxedavad imisa, rom

faSistebma mxolod sakoncen-

tracio banakebis krematoriu-

mebSi 6 milioni ebraeli dawves

da dRenaxevriani omi ra gaxda?

miT umetes, rom am omSi damna-

Saveni Cvenca varT.

sworedac, rom saxelmwifo

interesebidan gamomdinare, unda

vZlioT emociebs da ruseT-sa-

qarTvelos Soris mravalsau-

kunovan urTierTobebSi Sexebis

wertilebi veZeboT da ara ga-

TiSvisa, Cven ki ras vakeTebT? _

agvistos omis Semdeg urapa-

triotul klipebTan erTad ise-

Ti `dokumenturi~ siuJetebic

vnaxe, sadac grigol orbeliani

Tu aleqsandre WavWavaZe, arc

meti, arc naklebi, samSoblos mo-

Ralateebad iyvnen Seracxulni.

amaswinaT `did aTeulSi~,

romelic sazogadoebriv mauwye-

belze gadioda, WavWavaZis sa-

zogadoebis damfuZnebelma, pro-

fesorma mixeil qurdianma ga-

nacxada, rom `erTmorwmuneobis

faqtoris gaTvaliswinebas sa-

qarTvelosTvis kargi araferi

moutania~ da augad moixsenia

saqarTvelos ukanaskneli didi

monarqi da didi mxedarTmTava-

ri, gmiri erekle II _ patara

kaxi.

ufro Sorsac wavida pativ-

cemuli profesori da _ `Tur-

qebs qarTvelebisTvis erTi

goji miwac ar waurTmeviaTo~.

es, albaT, im `simReridan~ aris,

miSam Turqi kolegis saame-

blad rom `daaxeTqa~ _ Tur-

qebsa da qarTvelebs mraval-

saukunovani megobroba gvakav-

Sirebso.

dRes marTlac Cveni keTili

mezobeli TurqeTi istoriu-

lad saqarTvelos amomgdebi

da sisxlismsmeli rom iyo,

bavSvmac ki icis, magram ara _ mi-

xeil qurdianma, romelmac esec

ar ikmara da _ `monRolebi, ru-

sebTan SedarebiT, angelozebi

iyvneno!!!~

ra unda Tqvas kacma msgavsi

sisuleleebis Sesaxeb, garda

imisa, rom pativcemuli profe-

sori dRevandeli politikuri

koniunqturis gaTvaliswinebiT

bodavs viRacis saameblad, To-

rem, nuTu SeiZleba, rom WavWa-

vaZis sazogadoebis damfuZnebe-

li ilias azrebs ar eTanxme-

bodes? vinc Tavis werilSi `100

wlis winaT~, romelic 1899 wels

daiwera da rusis jaris pirvel

Semosvlas mieZRvna, ambobs: `am

Rirssaxsovar dRidam saqarT-

velom mSvidobianoba moipova.

SiSi mtrisa erTmorwmune eris

mfarvelobam ganufanta. damS-

vidda didi xnis daumSvidebeli

qveyana, dawynarda aklebisa da

aoxrebisagan, dascxra omisa da

brZolisagan. ...daudga axali

xana, xana mosvenebulis, uSiSaris

cxovrebisa, sisxldanTxeuli da

qristes jvrisaTvis jvarcmul

saqarTvelos, romelic RmerTma

saaqao samoTxed gauCina adami-

ans da kinaRam erT did sasa-

flaod ar gadaeqca mis Tavda-

debul Svilebs~...

me mgoni, es mcire amonaridic

sakmarisia imis gasarkvevad, Tu

ra ufro meti moutana saqarT-

velos `erTmorwmuneobis faqto-

ris gaTvaliswinebam~ _ sikeTe

Tu boroteba, magram Segnebul

Tu Seugnebel urwmuno Toma-

TaTvis kidev gavagrZeleb.

rodesac mefe erekle geor-

gievskis traqtats awerda xels,

sjeroda, rom kargsa da cuds

Soris akeTebda arCevans, magram,

samwuxarod, ise gamovida, ro-

gorc yovelTvis _ cudsa da ua-

ress Soris da, aqedan gamomdi-

nare, ruseTTan SeerTebam sike-

TesTan erTad cudic mogvitana.

ruseTis imperatorma Tavze ga-

dagvaxia is traqtati da sa-

qarTvelo ruseTis didi impe-

riis erTi patara gubernia gax-

da; gagviuqmes aTaswlovani av-

tokefalia da bagratovanTa

taxti.

am yvela `sikeTes~ qarTvel-

ma xalxma ara erTi ajanyebiT

upasuxa, romlebic, rogorc mo-

salodneli iyo, marcxiT dam-

Tavrda. sul bolos, 1832 wlis

SeTqmuleba CanasaxSive aRikve-

Ta, ris Semdegac bevri saxe-

lovani mamuliSvili, maT Soris.

nacpropagandis mier moRala-

teebad Seracxili grigol or-

beliani da al. WavWavaZe cimbi-

ris gzas gauyenes. amis Semdeg,

vidre romanovebis dinastiis

kraxamde, ajanyebebi aRar yofi-

la. maSindeli qarTveloba

mixvda ajanyebebis uazrobas

da ukeTesi momavlis imediT See-

gua da damorCilda beds.

mravalsaukunovan omebSi

xorcielad daSretilma erma,

romlis raodenoba XIX sauku-

nis dasawyisSi amier-imier sa-

qarTveloSi 700-800 aTass ar

aRemateboda, mateba iwyo.

XIX saukuneSi daiwyo Cveni

xalxis evropuli ganaTleba.

eris niWieri Svilebi, e.w. 60-ia-

nelebi, TergdaleulTa saxiT

peterburgis, kievis, odesisa Tu

evropis universitetebSi

iRebdnen ganaTlebas.

daibada axali qarTuli mwer-

loba, daarsda pirveli qarTu-

li Teatri da, rac mTavaria, ru-

seT-TurqeTisa da ruseT-spar-

seTis omebis Semdeg saqarTve-

lom daibruna aWara, samcxe-

saaTabago, War-belaqani da sxv.

1918 wels, lamis nikofsiidan

darubandamde teritoriaze ga-

moacxades menSevikebma saqarT-

velos damoukidebloba, romel-

Ta uniaTobis brali iyo 1921

wlis aneqsia.

aqac lamis erTi-erTze gan-

meorda XIX saukunis istoria.

1924 wels ajanyda damarcxe-

bisTvis ganwiruli saqarTvelo

da aqac CaTrevas Cayola vam-

jobineT _ qarTveli xalxi ar-

sebuli realobis pirobebSi

Seudga qveynis Senebas.

ilias, akakis, vaJas fesvebze

amoiyara XX saukunis qarTuli

mwerloba grigol robaqiZis,

konstantine gamsaxurdias, mi-

xeil javaxiSvilis, galaktionis,

ticianis, goglas da sxva bum-

berazebis saxiT.

Seiqmna mZlavri qarTuli

mecnierebis praqtikulad yvela

dargi; arnaxul simaRleebs mi-

aRwia qarTulma Teatrma, kinom,

sportma... aRarafers vityvi 60-

iani wlebis did literatura-

ze, Tundac, imitom, rom am kla-

sikosebis CamoTvla Sors wag-

viyvans. muxrani da Wabua kmara

imis warmosadgenad, Tu rasTan

gvaqvs saqme...

axla gatexil varclTan

varT, radganac Tavisufleba

ver movipoveT...

damoukidebeli saxelmwifo

bevria, magram Tavisufali ere-

bi _ cota. am or TiTqos iden-

tur cnebas Soris, rogorc

SoTa ityoda, `Sua udevs didi

zRvari~.

viTom demokratias vaSenebT.

asec rom iyos, CvenTvis demo-

kratiis xibli iq mTavrdeba, sa-

dac Cvens TviTmyofadobas

emuqreba safrTxe. globaliza-

ciis pirobebSi ki es safrTxe

realuria. SemTxveviTi ar aris,

rom globalizaciis mamebi aS-

karad ebrZvian tradiciul re-

ligiebs: islams da. diax, ga-

moicaniT _ marTlmadidebel

qristianobas.

cnobilma globalist-demo-

kratma zbignev bJezinskim, ro-

melic obamas administraciis

mrCevelic aris, daufaravad ga-

nacxada, rom `komunizmis da-

marcxebis Semdeg aSS-s amocana

marTlmadideblobis damarcxe-

baa!!!~ ratom? imitom, rom Cveni

religia dgas mama-papaTa tra-

diciebis dacvis sadarajoze,

anu Rirebulebebis, saidanac

modis, sazrdoobs qarTuli

kultura, suliereba, zneoba.

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom sa-

qarTveloSi msoflio globa-

listis jorj sorosis fule-

biT dasmulma `nacebis~ xeli-

suflebam eklesiebis ngreviT

daiwyo qveynis `Seneba~. gaila-

Res satanisturma seqtebma.

ruseTis did kulturasac,

miuxedavad saxelmwifos Zlie-

rebisa, aranaklebi safrTxe

emuqreba, amitom iqac marTlma-

didebluri eklesia dgas ru-

suli kulturis sadarajoze,

oRond, Cvengan gansxvavebiT, iq

eklesia da saxelmwifo erTad

arian am saqmeSi.

ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi

qarTuli kultura rusulTan

mWidro kavSirSi viTardeboda

da swored am urTierTobebis

aRdgenas gulisxmobda Cveni pa-

triarqi saaRdgomo epistoleSi

erTmorwmuneobaze `uazro~ sau-

brisas, romelic uwmindurma

ladariam gaaqilika.

am orma erTmorwmune erma

kulturuli memkvidreobis dac-

vis saqmeSi erTmaneTs xeli

unda SevaSveloT. qarTvelebma,

iqneb, odesme davibrunoT da-

karguli teritoriebi, magram

TviTmyofadoba da cnobiereba

Tu davkargeT, veRarasodes da-

vibrunebT.

imaves Tqma rusebzec SeiZ-

leba _ Cvengan mitacebulic da

dedamiwis 1/6-ic oxrad daurCe-

baT, Tu sakuTari kultura,

marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoe-

ba dakarges.

Cveni mentalobidan gamomdi-

nare, rusebis `atana~ ufro

SegviZlia, vidre danarCenebis da

ara mxolod erTmorwmuneobis

gamo, Tumca erTmorwmune rusebs

ufro advilad `movereviT~, vi-

dre urwmuno dasavleTel ma-

sonebs.

axlaxan damTavrda `didi

aTeuli~, sadac pirveli adgili

ilia WavWavaZem daikava. hoda, ma-

vanni, vinc baidenisgan ilias

leqsis wakiTxvis gamo aWylo-

pinda, ajobebs, ilias naazrevi

waikiTxon, Tundac, erTmorwmu-

neobis, zogadad, ruseTTan erT

saxelmwifoSi cxovrebis av-

kargis Sesaxeb da viaroT win

ori ilias _ ilia marTlisa da

uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sa-

qarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-

arqis ilia II gziT, romelic ta-

ZarTan migviyvans.

daviT mxeiZe

dRes erTmorwmuneobaa is, ris gamoc ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebs

met-naklebad saxelmwifoebrivi SeiZleba ewodos!

6 ilori22 seqtemberi 2009

Tu kazakoba saukuneTa ganma-

vlobaSi asrulebda da, friad

araxelsayrel pirobebSi, axlac

asrulebs ruseTis saxalxo-

sabrZolo amocanas, maSin kavka-

siis armia RirsebiT asrulebs

rusul saqmes samxedro-kultu-

rul sferoSi. misi mniSvneloba

Zalze didia mSvidobian pe-

riodSic ki, erTis mxriv, imitom,

rom misi gmiruli didebisa da

Zlierebis winaSe SiSi myarad

arsebobs mxareSi, meores mxriv

ki, Cveni kavkasieli meomrebi

warmoadgenen uaRresad saimedo,

maRalsulier da yovelmxriv

damSvenebul adamianebs. rusuli

saxelganTqmuli polkebis mier

gamarTulma saukunovanma samkv-

dro-sasicocxlo omebma datova

imdenad gmiruli saxeli da Se-

saniSnavi tradiciebi, rom misi

avtoritetis Seryeva ar ZaluZT

arc proteqciiT daniSnul

SemTxveviT samxedro ufrosobas,

arc rusuli saqmisadmi gul-

grili damokidebulebis mqone

adamianebs da arc mtrulad

ganwyobil adgilobriv mosax-

leobas.

Cveni meomrebi marTlmadide-

blobis aqtiuri qomagebic arian;

magaliTad, rac Seexeba axalci-

xis marTlmadidebluri ekle-

siis sakiTxs, roca somexma po-

litikanebma mTavrobisagan ekle-

siisaTvis gamoyofil adgilze

rotonda da samikitno gaxsnes,

Tenginis polkebma maSin gulm-

xurvaled dauWires mxari

marTlmadideblebs.

aqaurTa cxovreba did qala-

qebSi, xels ar uwyobs disci-

plinisa da zneobriobis donis

SenarCunebas jarSi. naxevarci-

vilizaciiT Seryeuli aRmosa-

vleTi, romelic iwovs cud

Tvisebebs, ixrwneba da xdeba

socialuri daavadebis kera. kav-

kasieli jariskaci, Tu igi

frontze ar imyofeba, zogjer,

udardelobis magaliTis mimce-

mic ki xdeba. magram, sakmarisia,

rom mas raimem Seaxsenos maRa-

li samxedro movaleoba, rom igi

wamsve gmirad da patriotad iq-

ceva xolme.

ramdenime wlis winaT tfi-

lisSi aseT SemTxvevas hqonda

adgili: rusi oficeri quCaSi ga-

moesarCla ucnob gogonas, ro-

melsac, dRisiT-mzisiT gasaqans

ar aZlevda ori aramzada, viTom

inteligenti somexi. ramdenime

wamSi oficers gars Semoertya

veeba brbo, romelic mzad iyo

gadaegdo igi voroncovis xidi-

dan mtkvarSi. am dros mas ga-

moeqomaga SemTxveviT Cavlili

jariskaci, romelmac xiStze wa-

mogebis muqariT daafrTxo brbo

da ixsna oficris sicocxle.

tfilisis bazarSi momxdari mu-

Sebis mRelvareba ki Caawynares

ara policielebma, aramed uia-

raRo Tadarigis mosamsaxureeb-

ma. maT gaaCniaT egreTwodebuli

organuli patriotizmi, romelic

vlindeba SegnebiT formebSi.

magaliTad, jariskacuna yo-

velTvis gamoeqomageba gasaWir-

Si Cavardnil qals da yovel

bavSvs, ra erovnebisac ar unda

iyos igi.

erTxel aseTi scenis mowme

gavxdi: erTi moZalade somexi,

romelic ultra-modur kos-

tiumSi iyo gamowyobili, xalxm-

raval adgilze rus qalbatons

gadaekida, romelic dabneuli

Canda da tirils aRaraferi

uklda. am dros, mis dasaxmare-

blad, movida ubralo adamiani,

romelsac maneraze etyoboda,

rom TadarigSi gasuli jaris-

kaci iyo. man moZalade somexi

trotuaridan Camoagdo da dauy-

vira:

_ Se somexo salaxanav, ratom

awuxeb am qalbatons!

wamierad, TiTqos miwidan

amoZvrneno, mas ramdenime somexi

patrioti gadaeRoba da muqariT

aRsavse xmiT erTdroulad Ses-

Zaxes: rogor bedav naciis Seu-

racxyofas!

jariskacma damcinavad Cai-

Rima: naciis Seuracxyofas... ma-

Sin sad aris Tqveni droSa?

am ubralo adamianma, romel-

sac gavlili hqonda Rirsebisa

da jansaRi Semecnebis samxedo

skola, gamoavlina ufro didi

Segneba, vidre, SeiZleba, bevrma

Jurnalistma da publicistma,

romlebic erTmaneTSi ureven

terminologias da ver ganus-

xvavebiaT erTmaneTisagan tomi

da nacia. ruseTis imperiaSi be-

vri tomi cxovrobs, nacia ki

SeiZleba iyos mxolod erTi, imi-

tom, rom misi ZiriTadi atri-

buti gaxlavT swored droSa, e.i.

saxelmwifoebriobis simbolo.

arc imas sWirdeba mtkiceba,

Tu raoden sulier sidiades aR-

wevs mwyobrSi mdgari jariska-

ci. sakmarisia gavixsenoT kavka-

siis dapyrobis pirvandeli pe-

riodi, roca mcirericxovani

Cveni grenaderebi saocar gmi-

robebs sCadiodnen da Tavzars

scemdnen mters. isini amJRav-

nebdnen disciplinisadmi mor-

Cilebis gasaocar unars. sakma-

risia magaliTad moviyvano pos-

tze mdgomi jariskacis saqcie-

li, romelmac sadarajo koSku-

ri ar miatova baTumSi mdebare

erT-erTi obieqtis afeTqebisas.

daRupvis safrTxis miuxedavad

igi postze darCa, radgan misi

Semcvlelis sicocxle am afeT-

qebam Seiwira. igi, wesdebis Ta-

naxmad, postidan wavida mas Sem-

deg, roca xelmwifis gankargu-

leba miiRo.

saocari sanaxavebi iyvnen

rusi jariskacebi, 1895 wels, Kqu-

TaisSi, iqauri ebraelebis dar-

bevisas. isini mwkrivebad idgnen.

mravalaTasiani brbo maT qvebs

uSenda. xan erTi, xan meore ja-

riskaci daecemoda xolme, roca

qva TavSi xvdeboda. maTi rige-

bi ki mWidrovdeboda, waqceuli

jariskaci mihyavdaT, sxvebi ki

ferwasulebi idgnen qandakebe-

biviT, mkacri saxeebiT, xelebi

ukankalebdaT, magram ar ismoda

srolis brZaneba da jars ner-

vebma ar umtyuna; mxolod amg-

vari TavSekavebis wyalobiT mox-

da ise, rom wesrigi aRsdga rai-

me seriozuli sisxlisRvris

gareSe.

maRali sulierebiTa da Rir-

sebis grZnobiT sxvebze metad

samwyobro samsaxuris oficrebi

arian dajildoebulebi, romle-

bic warmoadgenen kavkasiis ar-

miis WeSmarit tips. “swavlulis

sayelosa” da samkerde niSnebis

mqone oficrebi, romlebic Zi-

riTadad ganageben vaWrobis, ija-

risa da sxva amgvar sakiTxebs,

wminda wylis Cinovnikur saqmes

asruleben da SedarebiT dabal

doneze imyofebian. am xalxSi Se-

sustebulia kavkasiis armiis Se-

marTeba, maTSi ufro cxovrebis

materialuri mxaris cTuneba

Warbobs, romelsac veRar uZle-

ben. tfilisSi zogjer Sexvde-

biT kalmosan kacs, iurists, teq-

nikos-mSenebels, romelsac ofi-

cris samxreebi ver Seakavebs

verc xelmwifisa da qveynis wi-

naSe dadebuli ficis gatexvi-

sagan da verc rusi adamianis

Rirsebis Selaxvisagan. ra Tqma

unda, amgvari calkeuli SemTx-

vevebi Crdils ver miayeneben

mTlianad kavkasiis armias, rad-

gan “ar arsebobs ojaxi erTi ma-

xinjis gareSe mainc”, Tanac, am

tipis adamianebi aSkarad ar ga-

nekuTvnebian am keTilSobilur

ojaxs.

Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos,

rom kavkasiis armia, aq dasaqme-

bul sxva rusul dawesebule-

bebTan SedarebiT, sulierad da

moralurad sakmaod maRal sa-

fexurze imyofeba da naklebad

ahyveba xolme sistematurad

Tavs moxveul cTunebebs. Cveu-

lebriv, samwyobro oficers ar-

cerTi mdidari da saSovars

daxarbebuli somexi fuls ar

daaxarjavs da ar Seecdeba mis

cTunebas. oficeri ki, romelic

gaxda pristavi, Stabis adiutan-

ti, kancelariis Cinovniki an im

specialuri sammarTvelos saq-

mis mwarmoebeli, sadac didi

fuli trialebs _ sul sxva saq-

mea: politikanebi aseTi adamia-

nebis moqrTamvas da sakuTar

qselSi gabmas cdiloben. Tavad

armia ki, romelic xalxis saer-

To pativiscemiT sargeblobs,

verasgziT ver axerxebs somexi

da mosomxo politikanebisadmi

zizRis grZnobis dafarvas.

Cveni jaris rusuli kultu-

ruli amocana kavkasiaSi mSvi-

dobiani periodisas Zalze didi

da sapasuxismgebloa da dRiTi-

dRe Zneldeba. amitom, yvela pa-

triotulad ganwyobilma ada-

mianma siyvaruli da pativisce-

ma unda Seagebos jars, ufro

msubuqi gaxados samxedro sam-

saxuris Zneli yofa. adamiani sa-

yovelTao mSvidobas unda emsa-

xurebodes, simSvides elolia-

vebodes. magram, mSvidobasac

gaaCnia Tavisi basri da maxvili

wiboebi da specifiuri Tavise-

burebani, ramac graf sologubs

sababi misca daewera eqspromti,

romelic mas Semdgom sakmaod

Zvirad daujda:

“meSinia ganvacxado xmamaRla,

rom mSvidoba oms ver See-

nacvleba...”

seqtantebi da rusi gadasax-

lebulebi

qveyana, romelic uerTdeba

sxva saxelmwifos, mosaxleobis

ZiriTadi nawilis gareSe, da Tu

SeerTebul qveyanas moaqvs mo-

geba, igi, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, im-

saxurebs koloniis saxelwo-

debas, uares SemTxvevaSi ki amg-

var SeerTebas SeiZleba ewodos

okupacia. imdenad, ramdenadac

Cven koloniebi ar gvaqvs da gag-

vaCnia mxolod ganapira mxaree-

bi, maSin “okupaciis” mcneba,

Tavsmoxveuli erT-erTi mxari-

saTvis, miuTiTebs, rom didi xa-

nia aRar gagvaCnia naTeli Se-

xeduleba aRniSnul sakiTxze.

samwuxarod, unda aRiniSnos,

rom kavkasiaSi, sadac rusebi ad-

gilobrivi mosaxleobis mxo-

lod or procents Seadgenen,

mxareSi Cveni 100 wlis yofnis

Semdegac, SeiniSneba okupaciis

uamravi niSani. erTis SexedviT,

es, arc Tu sasiamovnoa rusi eri-

saTvis, magram, Tu axlodan da-

vakvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom es

faqti sakmaod bunebrivia. jer

erTi, ramdenic ar unda viZaxoT

mciremiwianobaze, Suagul ru-

seTSi ar aris aseTi simWidro-

ve, magram saxezea adamianebis

cudi damokidebuleba miwisadmi,

rac am miwebs mciremosavliane-

bad aqcevs.

adgilebi kavkasiaSi bevria,

gansakuTrebiT, Tu gaviTvalis-

winebT maRalmosavlian stepebs

da dablobebs, tyeebSi SeWril

saxnav-saTesebs, mTebze Sefenil

savargulebs, magaliTad, samegre-

loSi, da baR-venaxebs, romliTac

saxelganTqmulia mTeli saqarT-

velo. mSvidobis ganmtkicebiT,

miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTarebiTa

da momTabareobis aRmofxvris

Sedegad dadginda, rom Turme kav-

kasiaSi sakmaod bevri miwaa. ru-

suli saxalxo masa Zalian Sors

iyo, TurqeTTan da sparseTTan ga-

datanili yoveli omi ki mTavr-

deboda imiT, rom damatebiT “sa-

Cuqrad” viRebdiT aTiaTasobiT

somexs. rusma mmarTvelebma maT-

dami da saxelmwifo saqmeebisadmi

damokidebulebebSi ver gamoiCi-

nes SorsmWvreteloba, ver daik-

vexnidnen adgilobrivi istoriis

codnas, uaxloes aRmosavleTSi

arsebul mdgomareobaze ki friad

bundovani warmodgena gaaCndaT.

me-19 saukunis 50-ian wlebSi

feldmarSal bariatinskis gu-

lubryvilod wamoscda, rom

“somxebi, saerTod, ruseTis erT-

gulebi arian da maTTvis ucxoa

raime politikur saqmeebSi Ca-

reva”, Tumca, yirimis omis Semdeg,

somxebi energiulad dafacurd-

nen. ganyenebuli, arasaxelmwi-

foebrivi, magram bunebriv-is-

toriuli Tvalsazrisidan ga-

momdinare, marTalic iqneboda,

rom araSemosavliani miwebi dag-

vesaxlebina adamianebiT, rom-

lebic adgilobriv pirobebs

bunebrivad arian Seguebuli.

miwaze moTxovnis gazrdisa

da fasis awevis kvaldakval,

aseve, adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi

antirusuli moZraobis war-

moqmnasTan erTad, ganviTarda da

didi gavlena moipova Tval-

sazrisma, rom TiTqos kavkasia

Tavisi klimaturi da niadago-

brivi monacemebiT savsebiT ga-

mousadegaria rusi xalxisaTvis.

bolo dros, roca rusebis kav-

kasiaSi moZalebam “saSiSi” saxe

miiRo, gadamTielebma da maTma

rusma mosamsaxureebma aRniSnu-

li Sexedulebis ganmtkiceba

daiwyes rusi Camosulebisadmi

araadamianuri eqsperimentebiT.

magram, mis Taobaze dawvrilebiT

qvemoT mogiTxrobT.

ise, amierkavkasiis saxnav-sa-

Tesi miwebi, higienuri Tvalsaz-

risiT, erTnairebi ar arian.

maTi dayofa SeiZleba sam kate-

goriad. erT-erTi maTgani aramc

Tu unda vaRiaroT janmrTelad,

aramed aucilebelia aRvniSnoT,

rom rusuli jiSi aqauri piro-

bebis gavleniT bvrad Seicvala

ukeTesobisaken. rogorc savse-

biT samarTlianad daafiqsira

kavkasielma anTropologma, ad-

gilobrivi cxovrebis yuradRe-

bianma damkvirvebelma, doqtorma

i.i.pantiuxovma, rusi xalxis STa-

momavloba, romelic kavkasiis

sasikeTo adgilebSi iSva, ga-

moirCeva didi simaRliT, Zlieri

kunTebiT, moelvare TvalebiT, si-

cocxlisunarianobiT da a.S.

axali gadmosaxlebulebi _ ru-

seTis Suagulidan gamosulebi _

savsebiT WianaWamebi arian gom-

borel, TeTriwyaroel, mangli-

sel rusebTan da seqtantTa so-

flebis macxovreblebTan Seda-

rebiT. amis mizezia rbili, zo-

mieri klimati, mcenareuli da

xorciani sakvebis mravalsaxeo-

ba. unda iTqvas isic, rom yarsis

olqSi loris-meliqovma Caasax-

la TurqeTidan gamoyrili som-

xebi, berZnebiT da sxva nayar-nu-

yari xalxiT, rusebs ki, romle-

bic kavkasiaSi miwebis Zebnas iw-

yebdnen, rCebodaT mxolod sxve-

bisagan dawunebuli adgilebi.

meore kategoriis adgilebi

rusuli kolonizaciisaTvis wi-

naRobas ver warmoadgenen, magram

isini naklebad sasikeToni arian

rusuli jiSisaTvis, gansaku-

TrebiT nervuli sistemisaTvis

da sulieri ganviTarebis Tval-

sazrisiT. rusma adamianma aq ar

unda icxovros adgilobrivi pi-

robebis karnaxiT, gancalkevebu-

lobiT, Sesabamisi organizacii-

sa da usafrTxoebis fizikuri

da sulieri zomebis gareSe.

aseT adgilebs ekuTvnis, ma-

galiTad, tfilisi da misi Se-

mogareni, goris, duSeTis da, na-

wilobriv, axalcixis mazrebi,

quTaisisa da baqos guberniis

nawilebi, e.i. zRvis donidan

iseTi simaRlis adgilebi, sa-

dac malaria Tu mZvinvare

vefxvi ar aris, didi zomis ka-

tis gabaritebi mainc aqvs, sa-

dac Rvinis siWarbe iwvevs mis

yoveldRiur zedmet moxmare-

bas.

1904 wels, am wignis avtoris vasil veliCkos gardacvalebis Sem-

deg, misi moswavleebis mier „kavkasiis“ wignad gamocemam Zalze

aaforiaqa mTeli planetis somxuri mosaxleoba. inglisSi mcxov-

rebma somexma didvaWarma gulbekianma im droisaTvis zRapruli

Tanxa _ xuTi milioni funti sterlingi (dRevandeli kursiT,

daaxloebiT samasi milioni dolari) _ gadaixada, raTa am wignis

mTeli tiraJi gayidvidan amoeRoT da gaenadgurebinaT, magram, ro-

gorc xedavT, verafers gaxda. Tumca, somxebma nawilobriv mainc

miaRwies sawadels, radgan winamdebare wigni gaxlavT vasil ve-

liCkos mTliani naSromis pirveli tomi, meore tomi ki, saerTod

aRar gamosula da, Cveni didi Ziebis miuxedavad, mainc ver mova-

xerxeT misi povna. rogorc Cans, am tomis xelSi Cagdeba da ga-

nadgureba garkveuli sazRauris fasad mainc moaxerxes somxebma.

amis dakargvis, an daviwyebis ufleba

arc russa aqvs da arc qarTvels!(nawyvetebi vasil veliCkos

wignidan "kavkasia")

gagrZeleba iqneba

7ilori 22 seqtemberi 2009

mamuliSviloba, patriotoba, erisadmi

Rrma siyvarulis grZnoba, Tavdadeba, hu-

manizmi da Tu gnebavT erovnuli idea-

lebisa da kulturisadmi Tayvaniscema,

mwerlis upirvelesi prerogativaa. mwe-

ralma realur ferebSi unda asaxos da

Tavisi madliani kalmiT dRis sinaTle-

ze unda warmoaCinos yovelive is TviT-

myofadi kultura, romliTac qarTveli

eri amayobs Tavisi samiaTaswlovani

istoriis manZilze.

Cvens mizans Seadgens kidev erTi

Rirseuli martvilelisa da mamuliSvi-

lis, mweral apolon Jordanias personis

wardgena (Tumca mas wardgena ar sWir-

deba), rogorc mwerlisa da litera-

turaTmcodnisa, farTo sazogadoebis wi-

naSe, Cven mas upirvelesad vicnobT ara

marto misi mwerluri SemoqmedebiTa da

im marad gauxunari wignebiT, aramed,

agreTve, rogorc uSualo da humanist

moRvawes, romlis Rirsebas misi mwer-

luri moRvaweobidan gamomdinare, Sead-

gens adamianebisadmi humanizmi, simpaTia

da, rac mTavaria siyvaruli misi mSo-

bliuri kuTxisa _ im kuTxisa, romelmac

ers misca giorgi Wyondideli da wame-

buli patriarqi _ ambrosi xelaia.

mweralma apolon Jordaniam Tavis

wignSi _ `roca poeziaze fiqrob~ _ na-

Tel ferebSi warmoaCina ukvdavi “vef-

xistyaosnis~ avtoris SoTa rusTavelis

epoqa, romelic gadauWarbeblad SeiZle-

ba iTqvas, rom es aris epoqa humanizmisa.

am wignSi avtori xazgasmiT aRniSnavs xe-

lovnebis rolsa da asabuTebs erovnu-

lis ukvdavebas xelovnebaSi: `xelovneba

ki aris Tavad ukvdaveba, mxolod ostats

ver eweva sikvdili~, brZanebda qarTuli

prozis mamamTavari batoni konstantine

gamsaxurdia.

zemoT dasaxelebuli wignis avtors,

baton apolon Jordanias Tuki daveses-

xebiT, `xelovneba~, romelic movlenisa

Tu sagnis SemoqmedebiTi Seqmnis pro-

cesSi Tavisive Sinaarsis Sesatyvisad av-

lens formas, arsebulsac asaxavs da

axalsac hqmnis, Sinaarsi da forma imde-

nad esisxlxorceba erTmaneTs, rom Zne-

lia dadgena, sad Tavdeba asaxva da sad

iwyeba Seqmna. Tuki antikuri filoso-

fiiis did moazrovnes platons dave-

sesxebiT, `xelovneba aris asaxvis asax-

va~. amdenad, mweralma da moazrovnem rea-

lurad unda asaxos is epoqa, romel epo-

qaSic iqmneboda da iqmneba xelovnebis Se-

devrebi.

ilia WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi mwe-

ralma ap. Jordaniam, aseve naTlad war-

moaCina erovnulis ukvdaveba xelovne-

baSi. `zogi sakiTxis gagebisaTvis ilia

WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi~, aseTi gax-

lavT am nawarmoebis saTauri.

eris mamam _ brZenma iliam, `rogorc

realistma mweralma, daTmo cxovrebis

mkacri kanonis winaSe da tragikulad

daamTavra sicocxle misi ideis matare-

blis gmirisa, magram amiT rodi mokla

idea, is darCa sikvdilis Semdegac. gior-

gis sikvdilma Caafiqra arCili da keso,

cremli daaRvrevina da amiT, am sikvdi-

liT, idealurma Tavis sasargeblod ga-

dadga realuri nabiji~.

am frazebTan dakavSirebiT mwerali

arCil jorjaZe werda: `am patara xe-

lovnur nawyvetSi mkacrad gamoiyureba

avtoris sulieri viTareba, misi sazoga-

doebrivi temperamenti, misi cxovrebis-

admi siyvaruli. aq Cven saqme gvaqvs evro-

pel qarTvelebTan, romelsac uaryvia, uku-

ugdia aRmosavleTis usaqmoba da

umoZraoba~.

ilia WavWavaZem, rogorc realistma

mweralma da xelovanma, Tavis Semoqme-

debaSi, axal Tvisobriv simaRleze aiy-

vana qarTuli mwerloba.

Cven, ra Tqma unda, mokled SevexeT Jor-

danias literaturul Semoqmedebas, vi-

naidan miznad ar visaxavdiT mwerlis

sruli Semoqmedebis ganxilvas.

axla unda SevexoT baton misi, rogorc

mwerlisa da moRvawis urTierTobas

Cvens muzeumTan. igi, rogorc Cveni miwa-

wylis Svili da erovnuli kulturis

moamage, dainteresebuli iyo muzeumis

saqmianobiT, rasac adastureben muzeumis

damaarsebel batoni givi eliavasTvis mi-

werili baraTebi.

werili pirveli _ batoni givi!

icocxleT da idRegrZeleT kargi col-

SviliTa da yvela axloblebiT. sul

vfiqrobdi werilis moweras, magram dRes-

xval me TviTon Caval da vnaxav piradad

meTqi. es ki dRemde ver movaxerxe da ami-

tomac gadavwyvite weriliT gapasuxeba.

batono givi, me wavikiTxe Tqveni wigni

`Cemi cxovrebis maswavlebeli~. gul-

wrfelad momewona. albaT wignad gamo-

cemis SemTxvevaSi, risi didi survilic

me maqvs, lirikuli Sesavlisa, nawilebi-

sa da gadaxvevebisagan gaanTavisufleben.

aseTia lirikisadmi, yvelaze saTuTisadmi

oficialuri damokidebuleba; Tumca es

lirikuli CemTvis nacnobia, axlobeli da

mSobliuri.

me mindoda mTavari redaqciisaTvis mo-

mexsnebina Cemi azri, magram Tavi Sevika-

ve, radgan didi xania xuta moskovSia, mis

gareSe mainc ar gakeTdeba; rom Camova

moskovidan, aucileblad movelaparakebi

da Semdeg ar iqneboda urigo Tqveni Ca-

mosvlac. (amaze me detalurad Semdeg

gacnobebT).

erTi sityviT, ar davakleb Cemi mxri-

dan cdasa da zrunvas. mokiTxva medikos,

yvelas Tqvenianebsa da Cvenianebs _

mTel muzeums.

iyaviT kargad. pativiscemiT, apolon

Jordania!..

werili meore _ batono givi! si-

cocxle, dRegrZeloba da janmrTeloba!

batono givi! me minda vilaparako gul-

wrfelad. rogorc yovelTvis. Cemi da-

mokidebuleba da survili Tqvensa da

Tqveni naSromebis mimarT rCeba, rogorc

iyo _ ese igi keTili da dadebiTi.

Tu vinme amaSi da uwinares yovlisa

TviTon Tqven, raime eWvi SegeparebaT, ma-

Sin marTlac ar arsebula qveynad Rmer-

Ti da esaa.

batono givi! _ Cveni ukanaskneli Sex-

vedris mere, me araviTari werili ar mi-

miRia. zogjer me ubralod miWirs pa-

suxis mowera, radgan ar vici, ra mogwe-

roT. imitom ar vici, rom Cems dadebiT

azrsa da survils upirispirdebian.

amJamad, Tqvens wignze arsebul ofi-

cialur recenziaSi me da Cemi azri

Tqvens naSromze, moxseniebulia arao-

bieqtur azrad da monaTlulia uprin-

cipod da liberalurad. ase miwodes me

im kamaTis mere, romelic mqonda didi

xnis manZilze Tqveni naSromis Taobaze.

me maT gavacani Tqveni pirovneba, is didi

Rvawli, romelic Tqven dasdeT Cveni kuT-

xis istoriis Seswavlis saqmes, gavacani

mTeli istoria dakavSirebuli muzeumis

gaxsnasa da moRvaweobasTan. pasuxi iyo

aseTi _ keTili da patiosani, maSin vin-

mem sxvam daweros da warmoadginos yve-

laferi es, rogorc am adamianis (ese igi

Tqveni) Rvawlis amsaxveli monografia da

siamovnebiTo.

ra Tqma unda, isini (ese igi, vinc am

SemTxvevaSi me ar meTanxmebian) amboben,

rom warmodgenili naSromi unda gada-

muSavdes, magram SeuZlia gaakeTos mxo-

lod avtorma. maT undodaT, rom TqvenT-

vis gaegzavnaT recenzia da naSromic er-

Tad. me vuTxari, rom sjobia avtori aq

Camovides da pirad saubarSi ufro na-

Teli gaxdeba orive mxaris azri. Tqven,

rogorc avtors, ufleba gaqvT iyoT, Cem-

ze meti mkacri.

batono givi! _ me es minda imitomac,

rom Tqven SesZlebT isini daarwmunoT

iseT rameSi, ris SesaZlebloba me ara

maqvs (am SemTxvevaSi). me gamixardeba Tqve-

ni Sexvedra da gamarjveba, radgan es Cemi

gamarjvebac iqneba saerTod da am kon-

kretul SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT. me

minda Tqveni Sexvedra da saubari ise

moxdes, rom mec veswrebode. sasurvelia

ufro dilis saaTebSi _ 11 saaTidan. SeiZ-

leba manamde dagagviandes, ver movaxer-

xo mosvla. winaswar Tu macnobebT Ca-

mosvlis dRes, kargi iqneba. pativiscemiT,

keTili survilebiTa da siyvaruliT,

apolon Jordania

P.S. batono givi. amJamad CvenTan ga-

mosacemad mzaddeba wigni konstantine

gamsaxurdiaze, axloblebisa da cnobili

moRvaweebis werilebi da mogonebebi. me

amoviRe Tqveni naSromidan konstanti-

nesadmi miZRvnili werili, gavamzade da

miveci dasabeWdad...

werili mesame _ pativcemulo givi! am

weriliT minda mogmarToT da giTxraT,

Tqveni dasabeWdi wignis Sesaxeb. me ro-

gorc Tqveni wignis gulSematkivarsa da

ase vTqvaTYproteqtors, mTxoves gad-

mogceT gamomcemlobis oficialuri azri

da survili. Zalian didi survili aqvT

gamoscen Tqveni wigni, magram dasabeWdad

warmodgenili naSromi, miaCniaT Seufe-

reblad, radgan mxatvrulsa da mecnie-

ruls Soris aris moTavsebuli da ase-

Ti saxis wignebs Cveni gamomcemloba ar

uSvebso. amitom miTxres gadmogceT, ra

SeiZleba gakeTdes. xom ar SeiZleba ga-

keTdes wigni martvilis Zvel skolaze,

sadac meunargia, varTagava da sxvebi swav-

lobdnen da romelTa memkvidredac Cve-

ni martvilis pirveli skola iTvleba da

SexebodiT axali skolis biografiasac.

an xom ar SeiZleba patara, lamazi mo-

nografia daiweros, romelsame Cvens mas-

wavlebelze, mxolod martvilSi moRva-

weebze _ an noe quTaTelaZeze, an kolia

osiZeze, an Tqven ukeT iciT. Tumca, sko-

laze Tu dawerT, es adamianebi iqac moix-

seniebian. erTi sityviT, batono givi Tqven

TviTon gansazRvreT, ra sjobia da ro-

gor. gamocemaze mTel pasuxismgeblobas

me vkisrulob.

Tqveni keTilis msurveli _ apolon

Jordania. 1973 w.

aseTia mokled, Cveni Tanamemamulis da

muzeumis uangaro da erTguli megobris,

mweral ap. Jordanias wvlili qarTuli

mwerlobisa da kulturis sferoSi.

Rirseuli mamuliSvili _ apolon Jordania

vin mosTvlis, ramdeni gamoCenili

mecnieri da moRvawe miucia qarTveli

erisaTvis g. Wyondidelisa da ambrosi

xelaias samSoblos _ martvils ara mar-

to saqarTvelosaTvis, aramed, ar gada-

vaWarbebT Tu vityviT, msofliosTvisac

ki.

aseT brwyinvale mecnierTa Soris

unda movixsenioT iv. javaxiSvilis sa-

xelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-

sitetis xelovnebaTmcodneobis kaTe-

dris yofili gamge, saqarTvelos mec-

nierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti,

mecnierebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, pro-

fesori parmen zaqaraia.

qarTuli mecnierebis siamaye da Rir-

seuli mamuliSvili parmen zaqaraia,

samoRvaweo asparezze gamovida gasuli

saukunis 40-ian wlebSi. is, rogorc mec-

nieri, myisve daeufla xelovnebas, ro-

melic marad ukvdavia.

didma qarTvelma mecnierma akad.

giorgi CubinaSvilma saqarTveloSi Ca-

moayaliba xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi sko-

la. swored am skolidan daiwyo prof.

parmen zaqaraias mecnieruli aRzeveba,

rogorc didi xelovnebaTmcodneobisa.

gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ba-

toni parmeni am skolis erT-erTi dam-

fuZnebelTagania.

ai, aseTi maRali rangis xelovne-

baTmcodne da msoflioSi saxel-

ganTqmuli mecnieri gangebis nebiT, mouv-

lina martvilis raionma qarTul mec-

nierebas.

prof. parmen farnaozis Ze zaqaraia

daibada sofel najaxavoSi, 1914 wlis 24

agvistos, saxalxo mkurnalis farnaoz

merabis Ze zaqaraias ojaxSi, romelic

didi qarTuli tradiciebisa da kul-

turis mqone ojaxs warmoadgenda. ro-

gorc daviT komaxiZe aRniSnavs, `parmenis

mamas _ baton farnas mkurnalad

iwvevdnen ara marto samegreloSi, aramed

afxazeTSi, aWarasa da guriaSic. misi sam-

kurnalo ubani imereTSic gadadioda,

cxeniswylis gaRma _ xonSi. moqmedebis

aseT masStabs ganapirobebda farnas,

rogorc mkurnalis, maRali done, sibe-

jiTe da pasuxismgelobis grZnoba. misi

madlieri mTeli mxare gaxldaT. mis

mier morCenilebi da axloblebi, aTeu-

li wlebis Semdegac, mowiwebiT da pa-

tiviscemiT ixsenebdnen araCveulebriv

mkurnals~.

aseT maRalinteleqtualur ojaxSi

aRzrdil axalgazrdas, dauokebeli Jini

da miswrafeba hqonda mecnierebis _ ker-

Zod ki, xelovnebis dauflebisa. rogorc

zemoT aRvniSneT, batoni parmeni mecnie-

rebaSi daakvaliana akad. giorgi Cubi-

naSvilma, romelmac `rogorc daviT

komaxiZe aRniSnavs, Tavdayira dayenebu-

li qarTuli xelovnebis istoria, fexze

daayena da masStaburoba SesZina~.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos prof. p.

zaqaraias mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba, ro-

gorc mecnier-mkvlevarisa da sazogado

moRvawisa man udidesi wvlili Seitana

qarTuli cixe-simagreebis Seswavlis

saqmeSi. misi madliani kalami Seexo didi

naqalaqebis, nacixarebisa da nasaxlare-

bis sakiTxs, romelic misi xelmZRvane-

lobiT gaTxrebis Semdeg iqna Seswav-

lili.

profesori parmen zaqaraia samecnie-

ro sesiebis da simpoziumebis ucvleli

monawilea. fasdaudebelia misi roli

ZeglTa dacvis saqmeSi, romelic mis mec-

nierul TvalsawierSi Sedioda.

calke unda aRiniSnos prof. parmen

zaqaraias roli axalgazrda mecnierTa

dakvalianebis mxriv. man bevr axal-

gazrdas gaukvala gza mecnierebis mwver-

valisaken. misi xelmZRvanelobiT dacul

iqna araerTi sakandidato da sadoqto-

ro disertaciebi.

aqve xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas,

rom prof. p. zaqaraiam, rogorc arqi-

teqtorma, xelovnebaTmcodnem, arqeo-

logma da eTnografma, Tavisi mecnieru-

li moRvaweobis manZilze didi dro mo-

andoma kolxeTis (egrisi, lazika) kul-

turis Seswavlas. baton parmenisa da

misi eqspediciis mier (prof. daviT lo-

mitaSvili, besik lorTqifaniZe, mecnier

muSakebi meri zamTaraZe, Tamila kapana-

Ze da sxv.) Seswavlil iqna arqopolisi

_ cixe-goji _ noqalaqevi, qveyana, rome-

lic me-VIII saukuneSi dalaSqra murvan

yrum.

Cven detalurad ar SevudgebiT prof.

p. zaqaraias da misi eqspediciis wevrTa

mier Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxre-

bis mniSvnelobis mimoxilvas, aRvniSnavT

mxolod eqdspediciis mier Seswavlil

abedaTis cixes.

imdroindeli gegeWkoris mxa-

reTmcodneobis muzeumis 32-e samecniero

sesiis masalebSi dabeWdilia noqalaqe-

vis arqeologiuri eqspediciis xelmZRva-

nelis, prof. p. zaqaraiasa da doc. Ta-

mila kapanaZis naSromi `abedaTis cixe~,

naSromSi xazgasmiT aris aRniSnuli is,

rom `abedaTis cixe~ mdebareobs Zveli

istoriuli gzis CrdiloeTiT, imave sa-

xelis matarebeli soflis gare mTaze.

igi am saxeliT istoriul wyaroebSi ar

ixseneba, SesaZloa aq saqme gvqondes bi-

zantiur istoriul wyaroebSi naxseneb

`onogurisis cixesTan~.

martvilis mxareTmcodneobis mu-

zeumis sagamofeno darbazSi warmodge-

nilia me-10 saukunis rva obsidiani

eklesia-asomTavruli warwerebiT, rome-

lic nojixevis velze arqeologiuri

gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenil iqna prof.

p. zaqaraias eqspediciis mier.

Cven vfiqrobT, rom swored am droi-

dan daiwyo baton parmenisa da misi Ta-

namoRvaweebis urTierToba baton givi

eliavasTan da misi muzeumis koleqtiv-

Tan. amis dasturia prof. parmen zaqa-

raias werilebi (sul 64), gamogzavnili

g. eliavas misamarTiT. gagacnobT erT-

erT maTgans.

“salami pativcemulo givi! _ guSin mi-

viRe Tqveni werili. _ disertaciaze

zogi ram vicodi, danarCenic gagigeT.

saqme asea. oponentebad arian kote

grigolia da gercel CaCaSvili. mesame

dawesebuleba _ istoriis institutia.

yvelas ukve gadasces. istoriis insti-

tutuSi daskvna unda gaakeTos Citaias

ganyofilebam, radgan batoni giorgi

TbilisSi ar yofila, disertacia ga-

dasces bardaveliZes.

iyaviT kargad. pativiscemiT, p. zaqa-

raia.“

gverdi moamzada fazisis saero aka-

demiis namdvilma wevrma

ambrosi failoZem

amagdari mecnieri da moRvawe

8 ilori22 seqtemberi 2009

`rac sulia sxeulisTvis, ek-

lesiaa isaa erisaTvis.

roca suli sxeuls Sordeba,

sxeuli kvdeba.

asevea eric eklesiis gareSe~.

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-pa-

triarqi ilia II

Wyondidis eparqias

mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs

saqarTvelos eklesiis istori-

aSi. igi daaarsa afxazeTis

(egrisis) mefem giorgi II-m 922-

957 wlebSi. Wyondidis saepisko-

poso qarTuli kulturis erT-

erT umniSvnelovanes keras war-

moadgenda. XII saukunis Wyon-

didis saepiskoposos Tanamde-

bobas mwignobarTuxucesoba See-

Tavsa da kidev ori eparqia

daeqvemdebara: bediis (afxazeTi)

da alaverdisa (kaxeTSi). XII-XIII

saukuneebSi. Wyondideli

qarTlis kaTalikosic xdeboda

(miqael Wyondideli da kaTa-

likosi, arsen Wyondideli da

kaTalikosi). Wyondideli, ro-

gorc eklesiis meTauri, aqtiur

rols asrulebda samegrelos

samTavrosa da dasavleT

saqarTvelos politikur cx-

ovrebaSi, xolo XVII saukunidan

Wyondidelebad arCeva samegre-

los mTavrebis dadianebis

gvaris warmomadgenlebidan xde-

boda.

Wyondidis eparqiis saepisko-

poso kaTedras da dasavleT

saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo

centrs martvilis taZari war-

moadgenda. martvilis jvargum-

baTovani taZari agebuli iqna

VII saukuneSi martvilelTa

(wamebulTa) saxelze. is, rom VII

saukuneSi dasavleT

saqarTveloSi mcxeTis jvris

tipis saeklesio nageboba aSen-

da, friad mniSvnelovani faqti

iyo.

miuxedavad imisa, rom

dasavleT saqarTvelo poli-

tikurad da eklesiuradac

bizantias iyo daqvemdebarebuli,

aq zogadqarTuli kultura iyo

fexmokidebuli da martvilis

uZvelesi taZaric am kulturas

naziarevi ostatebis Semo-

qmedebiT nayofs warmoadgenda.

gviandel Sua saukuneebSi ek-

lesias yovladwminda RvTism-

Soblis miZinebis saxeli mieni-

Wa. igi dafuZnebulia Wyondidis

(`didi muxa~) uZvelesi warmar-

Tuli salocavis adgilze. gad-

mocemis mixedviT martvilis ek-

lesiis trapezi dadgmulia im

muxis Zirze, romelic qriste

macxovris mociqulis andria

pirvelwodebulis mier iqna

mokveTili megrelTa moqcevis

Jams.

Wyondidis monasteri kultu-

rul saganmanaTleblo kerasac

warmoadgenda. X saukuneSi gior-

gi II mefobis dros moqmedebda

himnografiuli skola, sadac moR-

vaweobdnen ioane minCxi da ste-

fane sananoiZe. cnobilia stefane

sananoiZis nayofieri mTargm-

nelobiTi moRvaweobac. SemTxvevi-

Ti ar iyo isic, rom XI saukunis

Sua xanebSi saqarTvelos mefem

bagratma saqarTveloSi Camosul,

maSindel marTlmadidebel sam-

yaroSi saxelmoxveWil saeklesio

moRvawes giorgi mTawmindels

samoRvaweod swored Wyondidis

monasteri SesTavaza. aRsaniS-

navia isic, rom bagrat IV-is dros

Wyondidis eklesia saqarTvelos

mefeTa saZvaled iTvleboda da

TviT bagrat IV aq iqna dakrZa-

luli.

calke yuradRebis Rirsia

wminda giorgi Wyondideli, ̀ kaci

sruli yovliTa sikeTiTa

sulisa da xorciTasa... gan-

mZraxi sviani da frTxili,

TanaaRzrdili aRmzrdeli pa-

tronisa da Tanagamkafveli

yovelTa gzaTa, saqmeTa da

RvawlTa misTa.~ _ ase axasiaTebs

daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosi

did mwignobar moZRvars. daviT

ufliswulis aRmzrdelad

mowveuli giorgi Tavdapirve-

lad rigiTi, mokrZalebuli md-

gomareobis beri unda yofiliyo.

magram rogorc ki daviTi taxtze

avida, man Tavis aRmzrdeli sax-

elmwifo saqmeebSi gverdSi

amoiyena da im urTules poli-

tikur viTarebaSi giorgi mona-

zoni Wabuki mefis `gzaTa

saqmeTa~ da `RvawlTa

Tanagamkafveli~, xolo Semdgom

gezis mimcemi da mTavari

mrCeveli iyo. magram amiT ar

damTavrebula giorgi monazvnis

aRzeveba, roca daviT mefem `saa-

jo kari~ Seqmna, mis gamgeblad

giorgi mwignobarTuxucesi

daniSna. igi monawileobda ruis-

urbnisis saeklesio krebaSi (1103

weli), romelic dagvirgvinda

unikaluri movleniT. mwigno-

barTuxucesisa da Wyondideli

mTavarepiskoposis saxelTa erTi

piris xelSi gaerTianebiT. am-

rigad, saqarTvelos vazir-

Tupirvelesi giorgi mwignobar-

Tuxucesi amav dros gaxda Wyon-

dideli _ `uwarCinebulesi~

saqarTvelos episkoposTa Soris.

igi aqtiurad monawileobda qvey-

nis marTva-gamgeobaSi. misi mcde-

lobiT da moRvaweobiT samefos

SemouerTes samSvilde (1110

weli) da rusTavi (1115 weli) rac

Seexeba giorgi Wyondidelis

warmomavlobis sakiTxs, WeS-

maritebas unda Seesabamebodes

akademikos givi eliavas varau-

di imis Sesaxeb, rom sicocxlis

garkveuli nawili, kerZod,

bavSvobisa da yrmobis wlebi,

giorgi Wyondidelma swored

WyondidSi gaatara. madlierma

STamomavlobam Rirseulad Se-

moinaxa am didebuli winapris

saxeli da 2005 wels, saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos sinodis

gadawyvetilebiT giorgi Wyon-

dideli wmindanad Seiracxa. es

movlena metad sasixaruloa

sruliad saqarTvelosTvis. amis

mimaniSnebelia martvilSi gior-

gi Wyondidelis Zeglis aR-

marTva da `Wyondidobis~, WeS-

maritad saerTo-erovnuli

dResaswaulis daweseba, romlis

saTaveebTan idga, daucxromeli

mamuliSvili, batoni givi elia-

va.

saqarTvelos istoriaSi

`oqros xanad~ wodebul Tamaris

epoqaSi martvilis monasteri

kidev ufro gaZlierda. aq iyo

mwignobarTuxucesi miqael da

anton Wyondidelebis rezidencia.

XII saukunis miwuruls monasteri

erisTavi Sergil dadianis

saerisTaos kulturuli da

sasuliero centri iyo. saqarTve-

los politikuri daSlilobis

xanaSi XV-XVIII saukuneebSi Wyon-

dideli episkoposi afxazeTis

kaTalikoss eqvemdebareboda da

samegrelos samTavrosa da

mTlianad dasavleT saqarTve-

los politikur cxovrebaSi

mniSvnelovan funqcias asruleb-

da. XVII saukuneSi martvilis ek-

lesiis episkopos-Wyondideli

yofila ieremia WilaZe, romlis

saZvalea tyviris eklesia.

rogorc dasawyisSi aRvniSneT,

XVII saukunidan Wyondidelebad

arCeva samegrelos mTavrebis,

dadianebis gvaris warmomadgen-

lobidan xdeboda. pirveli Wyon-

dideli Ciqovani iyo kacia I-is

Zma gabriel I, Semdeg evdemon Ro-

RoberiZe. sxva Wyondidelebi

yvelani dadian-Ciqovanebi iyvnen:

giorgi, gabriel II, beJan, gabriel

III, grigol da besarion. gavle-

niani da Zlieri kaTedra orgul

kacs rom ar Cavardnoda, otia

dadianma Tavisi Svili

nikolozi berad aRkveca, rom

Semdgom daesva episkoposad, ma-

gram nikolozi ver gamodga

Rirseuli beri da mis magier an-

toni aRkveca berad, Rirsi mama

anton Wyondideli martvilSi

moRvaweobda 1777-1789 wlebSi. mas

1761 wels xeli daasxes cager-

el episkoposad. xolo 1777

wels anton cagereli Wyon-

didis taxtze avida da ganageb-

da mas 1780 wlamde. `antoni

yofila sruli tanisa da axo-

vani Sexedulebis, mkafiod da

rixianad metyveli, piruTvneli

da uSiSari mamxilebeli Zlier-

Ta da manugeSebeli CagrulTa,

mis marxvaTagan galeuls piris

saxeze aRbeWdili iyo an-

gelozebrivi saTnoeba, raica

aorkecebda misTa sityvaTa

Zlierebas~. saeparqio saqmeebis

garda Rirsi mama antoni saqmi-

anobda ganaTlebis saqmeSi; hqon-

da Zvirfasi wignTsacavi, romel-

sac mudam amdidrebda axali

wignebiT. 1785 wels mis mier

pirvelad iTargmna qarTul

enaze logikis saxelmZRvanelo.

1789 wels Rirsma mamam datova

Wyondidis kaTedra da ubralo

berad Sedga mis mierve aSenebul

naxarebaos wm. giorgis saxelo-

bis monasterSi, sadac mkacr

RvawlSi gaatara kidec darCe-

nili cxovreba. Rirsi antoni

gardaicvala 1815 wels. dakrZa-

lulia naxarebaos monasterSi.

misi saflavi imTaviTve yvelas-

gan pativcemuli iyo, rogorc

wmindanisa. xseneba Rirsisa

mamisa Cvenisa anton Wyondidel

mitropolitisa aris 26 oq-

tombers.

metad nayofier muSaobas eweo-

da 1830 w. martvilSi gaxsnili

samazro sasuliero saswavlebe-

li, romelic 50 wlis gan-

mavlobaSi erTaderTi emsaxure-

boda mTeli samegrelos axal-

gazrdobis swavla-ganaTlebis

saqmes. am skolis kursdamTavre-

bulebi XIX saukunis 80-90-ian

wlebisaTvis dasavleT

saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis ini-

ciatorebi gaxdnen. maT Soris

iyvnen iona meunargia, Tedo Jor-

dania, Tedo saxokia da sxvebi.

1811 wlis ruseTis imperiis

dekretma gaauqma qarTuli ek-

lesiis damoukidebloba da

dauqvemdebara egzarqozs. odi-

Sis eparqiis saxeliT aRdgenili

mTeli samegrelos erTaderTi

kaTedra guriis kaTedrasTan

gaerTianda da guria-odiSis

eparqia ewoda. am dros eparqias

marTavda cnobili mRvdelm-

Tavari da Semdgom wmindanad

Seracxuli aleqsandre oqropi-

riZe. gaerTianebuli eparqiis

kaTedra imJamad foTSi iyo.

samegrelos skolebs erovnul

tragediad moevlinaT skolidan

qarTuli enis gandevnisa da

nacvlad megruli enis SemoRe-

bis dauokebeli survili. es

gadawyvetileba ganpirobebuli

iyo koloniuri politikiT.

skolebSi qarTuli enis

swavlebis dasacavad medgrad

idga Cveni Tanamemamule,

kurzueli mRvdeli dimitri

berulava. igi ukanasknel amo-

sunTqvamde gabedulad iRvwoda

erovnuli kulturis sadara-

joze da Tavisi garjiT didi

wvlili Sehqonda qarTuli enis

dacvisa da gadarCenis saqmeSi.

am saqmeSi erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani figura dekanozi

giorgi gegeWkoric iyo. misi cx-

ovreba _ es iyo dauSreteli

survili bolomde daxar-

juliyo samSoblosa da uflis

samsaxurSi.

qarTul istoriografiaSi

sayovelTaod figurirebs azri

imis Sesaxeb, rom maSin martvili,

rogorc amas samarTlianad aR-

niSnavs martvilis muzeumis

Semqmneli batoni givi eliava,

yvelaze didmniSvnelovani kul-

turuli centri iyo mTel

saqarTveloSi. aq ara marto

wignis gadaweris da

gavrcelebis saqmes eweodnen,

aramed, savaraudod, iyo saSualo

saganmanaTleblo-saaRmzrdelo

dawesebuleba, sadac didi moR-

vawe, cnobili mTargmneli, mw-

erali, istorikosi da pedagogi

_ giorgi mTawmindeli peda-

gogiur moRvaweobasac eweoda

da mraval ganswavlul axal-

gazrdas aZlevda samSoblos,

samefo kars, eklesiebs. es va-

raudi safuZvels moklebuli ar

unda iyos. amas isic amtkicebs,

rom saqarTvelos didi mefis _

daviT aRmaSeneblis aRmzrdeli

iyo martvilis episkoposi gior-

gi Wyondideli.

imdroindeli martvili yve-

laze didmniSvnelovan kultu-

rul keras rom warmoadgenda,

amas adasturebs pavle in-

goroyva Tavis ukvdav naSromSi

`giorgi merCule~. ai, ras wers

didi mecnieri, `afxazeTis mefis

giorgi meoris dros (922-957

wlebi) gauqmebul iqna zRvis

sanapiro zonaSi fazisis kaTe-

dra da igi gadatanil iqna

Sida mxareSi, axal centrSi _

`WyondidSi~. giorgi meoris

dros iqna aRdgenili martvilis

taZari, romelic adre nagebi

Zegli iyo. mogvianebiT mas

miuSenes dasavleTis karibWe.

martvilis unikaluri taZris

mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT Ta-

vianTi daskvnebi aqvT cnobil

qarTvelologs, mari felisite

broses, cnobil mkvlevars diubua

de monperes da eqvTime TayaiSvils.

maT gulmodginebiT Seiswavles

martvilis RvTismSoblis miZinebis

monumenturi taZari da monastris

sxva RirsSesaniSnaobani da mivid-

nen im daskvnamde, rom `Zegli

swored VI-VII saukuneebis mijnaze

unda iyos agebuli~-o.

akademikosi eqvTime

TayaiSvili Tavis cnobil naS-

romSi `arqeologiuri mogzau-

roba samegreloSi~ wers:

`martvilis eklesiis

Tavdapirveli gegma sruliad

iseTi iyo, rogorc jvaris ekle-

sia mcxeTis maxloblad, atenis

sionisa da Zveli SuamTisa kax-

eTSi. am gegmis eklesiebi ekuTvn-

ian me-7-me-8 saukunes~ (ixileT

akad. eqvT. TayaiSvili, `Zveli

saqarTvelo~, 1914 w. t. III, gv. 40).

m. broses, diubua da monpere-

sa da eqvTime TayaiSvilisagan

gansxvavebiT, Tavisi mosazreba

gamoTqva cnobilma xelovnebaTm-

codnem akademikosma giorgi Cu-

binaSvilma. batonma giorgim

Rrma mecnieruli kvleviTi

daadastura is azri, rom Zeglis

mxatvrul-arqiteqturuli

Seswavlisas, eyrdnoboda ra n.

serovis arqiteqturul ana-

zomebs, werda: `atenis sionis,

Zveli SuamTis, agreTve

martvilis aSeneba, ubralod

damokidebulia mcxeTis jvarze,

ekuTvnis me-7 saukunis damdegs

(ix. g. CubinaSvili, `qarTuli

xelovnebis istoria~, t. I, gv. 139).

Wyondid-martvilma, rogorc

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo

keram, didi roli Seasrula

centralizebuli qarTuli ek-

lesiisa da feodaluri sax-

elmwifos Seqmnis saqmeSi.

martvilis monastris wminda

taZarma da arqiteqturulma

Zeglma, romelic didmniSvnelo-

vani religiuri keraa, araerTx-

el ganicada gadamTiel moZa-

ladeTa mxriv aoxreba da

ganadgureba (g. eliava).

ai, ras wers am amazrzen

faqtTan dakavSirebiT prof.

sergi makalaTia. _ `axla arab-

Ta sardalma murvan yrum (735-738

w.w.) ganizraxa TviT egrisSi gae-

laSqrna. murvanis jari da-

banakda Wyondidis an martvilis

midamoSi da aqedan murvanma

gailaSqra da aiRo cixe-goji~

(prof. s. makalaTia, `samegrelos

istoria da eTnografia”, 1943 w.

gv. 67-68).

aranaklebi safrTxe Seeqmna

martvilis taZarsa da eklesia-

monastrebs, 1917 wlis rev-

oluciis Semdeg bevri eklesia-

monasteri, maT Soris martvilis

monasteric daixura. swored

monastris gumbaTis ulamazesi

jvari gaxda revolucionere-

bis samizne. am zars, romelic

samrekloze iyo dabrZanebuli,

xalxi dedo-zars eZaxda, romlis

xma quTaisamdec ki aRwevda.

roca Camoagdes, Turme samrek-

los marjvniv Cagorebula, da

Semdeg igi, droTa ganmavlobaSi,

miwas daufaravs. monastris sim-

didris didi nawili eqvTime

TayaiSvils wauRia da Tbilisis

muzeumisTvis Caubarebia.

unda aRiniSnos diakonis _

nikoloz osiZis saeklesio moR-

vaweoba. man, revoluciis Semdgom,

gaixada sasuliero samoseli da

pedagogiur moRvaweobas mihyo

xeli. swored misi damsaxurebaa,

rom martvilis monasteri

gadarCa srul ganadgurebas. man

Tavis Tavze aiRo taZris movla-

patronoba. misi TaosnobiT

martvilis monasteri Casves

maSindeli sakavSiro teri-

toriis turizmis marSutSi da

yvela Camosul stumars TviTon

uwevda megzurobas.

nikoloz osiZes mJa-

vanaZisaTvis uTxovia martvilSi

gaexsna mxareTmcodneobis

muzeumi. vasil mJavanaZe daTanxm-

da da am saSviliSvilo saqmes

sabolood xorci Seasxa `ukv-

davi Wyondidis mecixovnem~, WeS-

maritma mamuliSvilma _ givi

eliavam, romlis saxelsac

Rirseulad atarebs martvilis

erovnuli muzeumi. ase, rom

martvilis taZari da mxareTm-

codneobis muzeumi ara marto

mxaris, aramed sruliad

saqarTvelos mSvenebaa,

romelTac udidesi roli da

misia akisriaT rogorc

sasuliero, aseve eris kultur-

isa da mozardi Taobis

erovnul-patriotuli ideebiT

aRzrdis saqmeSi.

calke unda aRiniSnos

sasuliero moRvawisa da

dekanozis mama goCas udidesi

roli saeliaos dedaTa monas-

tris aRweris sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT.

`saeliao~, aRniSnavs dekanozi

mama goCa, soflis saxelwodebaa.

amis Sesaxeb ori versia arse-

bobs. pirveli versiiT `saelia~-

o dakavSirebulia elia

winaswarmetyvelTan, romlis sax-

elobis taZaric mdgara goraze.

gadmocemis mixedviT, am MmTas

`naoxvam-ferdis~ (salocavi mTa)

uwodebdnen. mTaze sasaflaoc

yofila. CvenTvis ucnobi mizeze-

bis gamo taZaric da sasaflaoc

dabla sofelSi gadmoutaniaT.

meore versiis mixedviT, am mi-

damos mflobelni yofilan

Tavadebi an aznauri eliavebi da

soflis saxelwodebac TiTqos

aqedan warmosdgeba. (ixileT

saeliaos dedaTa monasteri, Wyon-

didis eparqiis gamocema, gv. 3-4).

amrigad, winamdebare statiaSi

gadmoveciT im moRvaweTa roli,

romlebic Wyondidis eparqias

emsaxurebodnen. ganuzomelia

maTi damsaxureba saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriaSi.

leila danelia

Wyondidis eparqia

xelmwife bariatinskis axalgazr-

dobidanve icnobda, axla daiaxlova

da Rirshyo Tavisi guliTadis mego-

brobisa, swamda misi niWiereba da

odes Tavis nacvlad daayena kavkasi-

aSi, Sehmosa srulis uflebiTa da

daamtkica yvela misni wardgenilebani

am mxareSi marTva-gamgeobis cvlile-

baTa Sesaxeb.

am axalis cvlilebis Tanaxmad,

kavkasia iyofoda ramdenime sageneral-

sagubernatorod, da maT Soris daars-

da quTaisis sageneral-saguberna-

toroc, romelSiac Sedioda quTaisis

gubernia, samegrelo, svaneTi da afx-

azeTi. aseT did postze, rogoric iyo

posti quTaisis general-guberna-

torisa, bariatinskisaTvis saWiro

iyo iseTi kaci, romelSiac SeerTebu-

li iqneboda mravali sxvadasxva

pirobebi. Tavis pirad RirsebaTa gar-

da am kacs moeTxoveboda codna

mxarisa da kai gvariSvilobac, da es

ukanaskneli Rirseba gansakuTrebiT

saWiro iyo imitom, rom afxazeTisa,

svaneTisa da samegrelos mTavrebi

Tavadebi iyvnen da imas uSualod unda

damorCilebodnen. imisTvis, rom magaT

TvalSi fasi hqonoda, TviTonac wmin-

da wylis aristokrati unda yofil-

iyo. am moTxovnilebaTa damakmay-

ofilebelis pirovnebis povna advili

saqme ki ar gaxldaT. magram Tavad

bariatinskis peterburgSi SemTxveviT

Sexvedroda Tavadi aleqsandre ivanes

Ze gagarini da arCevanic masa xdomia.

bariatinskis quTaisisaTvis ukeTesi

general-gubernatori arc ki undoda.

gagarins, agreTve Zvelad kavkasiaSi

namyofs, bariatinski piradad icnobda

da megobaric iyo misi.

axalgazrdobaSi lamazs, mdidars, im

droisaTvis mSvenivrad ganaTlebuls,

Tavad gagarins patara xarisxebians

voroncovis adiutantoba hqonda jer

kidev maSin, roca es ukanaskneli

novorossiiskis general-guberna-

torad iyo. da roca voroncovma

kavkasiaSi mefisnacvalis adgili mi-

iRo, gagarini tfilisSi gadmohyva,

TiTqos wevri yofiliyo misi ojax-

isao. aq monawileobas iRebda sx-

vadasxva eqspediciebSi da yovelgan

did simamacesa da Taosnobas iCenda,

xolo roca samoqalaqo saqmeebis

Sesrulebas avalebdnen, yvelafers

ise moxerxebulad akeTebda, rom

voroncovma ormociani wlebis dasas-

ruls derbentis qalaqis ufrosad

daniSna. am xanebSi iyo, rom gagarin-

ma jvari daiwera Tavad daviT orbe-

lianis asul anastasiaze, romlis

saSualebiT daunaTesavda

qarTvelebis mTels maRal wodebas

(pirvel colad gagarins hyavda

dekabrist pojiosTan gayrili mari-

am andrias asuli, borozdinis qali, am

wignis avtoris biZaSvili). derbentSi

gagarini didxans ar darCenila da

gadmoiyvanes quTaisis general-gu-

bernatorad. am adgilze gagarini

ramdensame weliwads darCa yirimis

omis dawyebamde, da es xana yvelaze

ukeTesi xana iyo misi saadministracio

asparezze moRvaweobisa.

arc Tavisi WkuiT, aRarc Tavisi

SorsmxedvelobiT gagarini arc

damoukidebeli da aRarc origi-

naluri moRvawe iyo, masze iTqmoda mx-

oloT _ mSvenieri mowafea iseTis

SesaniSnavis saxelmwifo kacisa da

administratorisa, rogoric iyo

voroncovio. cdilobda Tavis

maswavleblis prigramisaTvis erTis

bewoTic ar gadaexvivna da Tavis saku-

Taris pirovnebiT amSvenebda mis mier

daWeril posts.

voroncovis programa im zomamde

sada da martivi iyo, rom sakmarisi iyo

dahkvirvebodiT am moxucis sakuTars

moqmedebas, rom gagegoT misis pro-

gramis deda-azri. voroncovi udides

strategiul muSaobas awarmoebda, es

muSaoba uudidesi iyo rogorc

ganzraxviT, ise Tavisi wvrilmanebiTac,

da swored misma programam Segva-

Zlebina kavkasia savsebiT dagvepyro,

amave dros awarmoebda saorganizacio

muSaobes kavkasiis yvela nawilebis

marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSi; Tan voron-

covi ar iviwyebda mesamenair metad

mniSvnelovan muSaobas _ piradi

gavlena hqonoda adgilobrivTa

mkvidrTa cxovrebis Sinaur mxareze.

da aqac misi niWi savsebiT iyo xolme

gadaSlili. am mxareSi warmoebis

dargi ar iyo iseTi, romlisaTvis

voroncovs Tavisi gamWriaxis TvaliT

ar Seexedna da sadac Tavis pirad mon-

awileobiT ar aemoZravebina da ar

waexalisebina sasargeblo saqmi-

anobisaTvis adgilobrivni mkvidrni.

misis xasiaTis aseTis Tvisebis wyalo-

biT didZali nacnoboba gaiCina

mkvidrTa Soris, mere pirdapir gasao-

cari iyo, rogor imaxsovrebda yvela

saxesa da saxels, da es xom saSinlad

uwyobda xels miss nayofiers moR-

vaweobas. roca mxaris dasavlelad

dadioda, yvelgan ise hgrZonda Tavs,

TiTqo Sinauriao: yovel nabijze

xvdeboda kerZo piradi urTierToba

adgilobriv mkvidrebTan. erTisaTvis

riRacis Tesli mieca, meoresaTvis

namyeni mieca xilisa da kargi xili

rom daekrifna, masTan saCveneblad

mifqonda; meoregan soflelT axali

arxi gaeWraT mowebis mosarwyavad da

moxuci voroncovic etlidan Camodi-

oda, Sinjavda maT namuSevars, Tavis

seniSvnas aZlevda, xarobda maTi

nakeTebiT; mesame alagas kalia gaCe-

niliyo da isic darigebas aZlevda

rogor gaewyvitnaT yanis mteri da

maSinaTve gankargulebas gascemda

amis Sesaxeb; xolo kaxeTis erT

sofelSi dResac dgas erTi uSvele-

beli kaklis xe, romelsac voronco-

vis saxels eZaxian Semdegis ambis

gamo. xe marTlac uzarmazari ram

aris, oTxi kaci Zlivs Semouwvdens

xelebs, xolo totebis diametri as

nabijamde iqneba. qudiviT xSiri da

sqlaT gaSlili cocxal karavsa

hgavs, romlis qveS samas kacze meti

daeteva Tavisuflad. am xem Za-

launeburad miipyro voroncovis yu-

radReba, mxleblebs mis axlos gaC-

ereba ubrZana da moisurva xis pa-

tronis naxvac. movida TviT patron-

ic, glexi. voroncovi Tavis amali-

TurT xes qveS ijda da glexsa hkiTxa,

ramdeni kakali Camogiva am xidano.

glexma upasuxa _ yovelwliurad 60

fuTamde Camomidiso. voroncovma

aswavla rogor undoda misi movla,

rogor unda SeeWra gamxmari totebi

da, dasasrul, aCuqa ramdenime Zvele-

buri fuli, rom amiT glexs sulmudam

xsomeboda misi darigeba da moevlo

xisaTvis. glexi am fulebs wmindanis

nawilebiviT inaxavda, xolo voron-

covi mas Semdeg yovelTvis, roca ki

Caivlida xesTan, ueWvelad Camoxte-

boda miss Crdils qveS dasasveneblad,

zogjer aqave isauzmebda kidec.

samarTavi mxaris davlis dros

masTan midiodnen omSi moklulTa

oblebi, qvrivebi da yvelani visac ki

ekonomikurad marTla uWirdaT, gauk-

iTxavni ara rCebodnen, xelcariels

aravis gauSvebda. romelsame mis pirad

adiutants yovelTvis Tan hqonda

parkiT Cervoncebi, romlebic voron-

covis brZanebiT dauyovnebliv

urigdebodaT xolme rogorc Sesawe-

vari gaWirvebulT. imave dros roca

saWiro iyo, voroncovs gamoaCndeboda

metad seriozuli energia, Tu es en-

ergia saWiro iqneboda raime borote-

bis aRsakveTad. mazris ufrosi,

romelic mas aucileblad Tan dahyve-

boda, swrafad, xeldaxel moqmedebda.

erTis sityviT, voroncovis yovel

mogzaurobis Semdeg Rrma kvali rCe-

boda da mkvidrni hgrZnobdnen, rom maT

Soris gaiara mefis nacvalma (ser-

darma).

TviT tfilisSi voroncovi pir-

dapir suli da guli iyo am qalaqisa.

yoveldRe diliT saseirnod gamodi-

oda, ukan mohyveboda yazaxrusi,

romelsac misi qolga da kaloSebi

mohqonda. da am seirnobis drosac ki

rasme sasargeblos akeTebda. Cveule-

briv es ori qveiTi kaci iqiTken gae-

marTeboda, sadac rasme aSenebdnen, an

kidev bazrisken. win momavals moxu-

ci nacnobi da megobari, saca ara mgo-

ni, yvelgan gamouCndeboda. aq xuro

moxako auxsnida, ra gaakeTes guSin

dilidan; iq ivanika kalatozi uCveneb-

da, Tu ramdenze amoiyvana aguriT

kedeli sparsel muSebis daxmarebiT;

an laparaks dauwyebda moijaradres

amoyvanil kuTxis sisworeze,

TataroTi asworebdnen; yovelsave

amis wyalobiT muSaoba kargaT mid-

ioda, bazarSi isev Sexvdeboda nac-

nobebi da Camougdebda laparaks aqe-

Tur-iqiTurze.

aseTis gulisamaCvilebel sisa-

davisa iyo voroncovi, magram azradac-

ki aravis mouvidoda, mis Sesaferis pa-

tiviT ar mopyrobodnen; magram

kavkasiis mkvidrni, da gansakuTrebiT

maSindelni, iseTi zrdilni da TavdaW-

erilebi iyvnen, rom Cven rusebs bevr

raSime SegveZlo maTTvis migvebaZna.

voroncovis Sesaxeb mTeli wigni

unda daiweros calke. aq ki, gagarins

vubrundebiT, unda vsTqvaT, rom gagari-

ni voroncovis erTi usayvarlesi da

saukeTeso mowafeTagani iyo.

yvelasaTvis misawvdomi, momaja-

doeblad sasiamovno yvelasTan,

gagarini marTla rom Seyvarebuliv-

iT ekideboda Tavis bunebiT gansacv-

ifrebel mxares, romelic masa hqonda

Cabarebuli mosavlelad, da mTels

Taviss Zal-Rones miss samsaxurs an-

domebda. mebaReoba gaSmagebiT uyvar-

da da TavgamodebiTa scdilobda

adgilobriv mkvidrTaTvinac Seey-

varebina: quTaisSi gaaSena bulvari,

saqalaqo baRi da ferma, romlebic

dRemde darCenili arian cocxal Ze-

glebad, gagarinis mosagonrad. gamoaw-

erina metad iSviaTi xeebi, mcenareni,

yvavilebi, romelTac aqauris madliani

havis wyalobiT saucxovod ixares.

fermaSi ipovidiT frangul, reinis Tu

italiur yvela saukeTeso jiSis

yurZens. nergebs siamovnebiT urigebd-

nen yvelas, vinc moisurvebda maT

gaSenebas Taviss mamulSi. am fermis

wyalobiT, izabellas (adesa) yurZeni,

yirimidan Semotanili, mTel mxares

gavrcelda.

gagarinis marTva-gamgeobis dros

quTaisSi aSenebul iqmna sagubernio

gimnazia, samxedro gospitali, ori

xidi rionze, daiwyes Seneba sagu-

bernio dawesebulebaTa. manve gaaSena

aq pirveli klubi da masTanve sazo-

gadoebrivi sakrebulo, rom amiT

gaecxovelebina da SeeerTebina aqau-

ri sazogadoeba. yovelive es yvela

sxva administratorsac SeeZlo

gaekeTebina, da marTlac keTdeboda

kideca, mxolod gagarins es rogor-

Rac ufro gamoudioda xelidan, emar-

jveboda misis metismetad gulwrfe-

li da simpatiuri pirovnebis wyalo-

biT. yvelam icoda, rom gagarini

saucxoo gulis kaci iyo, icoda, rom

igi ar indomebda da arc SeeZlo vin-

mesTvis ewyeninebina, visme misgan guls

dahkleboda. kaci ver ityoda, rom igi

gulgrili an metad TavdaWerili

yofiliyo, srulebiTac ara, gagarini

iyo metad moZravi, ficxi da zogjer

cxarec, iyvirebda zogjer saSinlad,

daiwyebda darbazSi sirbils, grZeli

da xuWuWi Tma aeCeCeboda da mainc

vinc aseTs uyurebda, yvelam icoda,

rom am kacs ar SeeZlo vismesTvis

raime vneba mieyenebina. coli misi mar-

jvena xeli iyo misi. tomiT qarTveli,

qmariviT yvelas mimRebiani iyo. yvela

daCagruls da upatronos

mfarvelobas uwevda da nugeSsa scem-

da. uSviloni iyvnen, magram metad tk-

bili da bednieri col-qmroba hqon-

daT.

ar SeiZleba isic ar movigonoT, rom

am dros russa da aqaurs mkvidrs

Soris erTi bewo gansxvaveba ara

yofila. Cven qarTvelebTan pirdapir

Zmurad vcxovrobdiT imis wyalobiT,

rom TviTon voroncovs ise eWira

Tavi. ama misi TanamSromlebica hxe-

davdnen da cdilobdnen qarTvelebTan

urTierTobaSi voroncovis qce-

visaTvis miebaZnaT, maSin xsenebac ki

ar iyo im uSverisa da uxeSis sepa-

ratizmisa, romliTac Tavi moaqvs

axla gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdobas

amierkavkasiaSi.

dro-da-dro quTaisSi TviTon

mefisnacvali voroncovi da misi

meuRle Camodiodnen. voroncovi Tana-

grZnobiT Tvalyurs adevnebda gener-

al-gubernator gagarinis moqmedebas

da gulmxurvaled mxars uWerda ro-

gorc zneobrivad, ise materialu-

radac; xolo voroncovis meuRle,

romelmac aq Tavisi xarjiT wminda ni-

nos saxelobis pirveli saqalebo

saswavlebeli daaarsa, misi warmate-

bisaTvis dedobrivis mzrunvelobiT

hzrunavda.

9ilori 22 seqtemberi 2009

samegrelo da svaneTi

korneli borozdini

am wignis avtoris, korneli

borozdinis samsaxureobrivi kari-

era kavkasiaSi daiwyo. igi jer

mTavarmarTeblis kancelariaSi

muSaobda, Semdeg ki (1854 wels)

samegrelos dedofalTan miavlines

miwer-moweris sawarmoeblad da misi

Svilebis aRmzrdelad. 1858 wels

dainiSna senakis olqis ufrosad,

sadac 1867 wlamde imsaxura. swored

aq gaecno igi samegrelos mosaxleo-

bis yofas, romelic sainteresod aR-

wera Tavis wignSi.

borozdinis mogonebebSi sakmaod

vrclad aris gadmocemuli os-

maleTis jarebis mier samegre-

los awiokeba, romelic Semdeg

rusma jariskacebma alagmes.

10 ilori22 seqtemberi 2009

(klimenti Selias winamdeba-

re statia dawerilia misi ax-

laxan gamosuli wignis `kol-

xeTi – Cveni samyaros karibWe~

da misive, ukve kompiuterze

awyobili momavali wignis `ka-

cobriobis istoria kolxeTiT

iwyeba~-s mixedviT)

iberiada iwyeba kolxeTiT,

kolxeTSia qarTuli da mso-

flio civilizaciis saTave.

prof. levan sanikiZe.

kolxeTi –

kacobriobis

civilizaciis

akvanimkvlevari b. sarTania wers:

`megruli qaldea axlo aRmo-

savleTSi Tavis droze Zlieri

saxelmwifo iyo kulturiTa da

samxedro ZlierebiT. megrelma

qaldeebma mravali saukune iba-

tones mezobel qveynebze – ba-

bilonze, siriaze, palestinaze

da ierusalimze. amrigad, me-

gruli qaldea veberTela im-

periis mflobeli qveyana iyo

uZvelesi droidan... rom me-

gruli qaldebis imperia axlo

aRmosavleTSi iyo pirveli me-

grelTa saimperio qveyana, miu-

xedavad imisa, rom igi im pe-

riodSi satomo saxelad me-

grels ar atarebda.~ (barT-

lome sarTania, Zveli kolxeTi,

Jurn. `aia~, 1998, gv. 47-48.)

garda amisa, cnobilia, rom

bananur enaze molaparake me-

grel xaldeebs vrceli teri-

toriebi ekavaT qveda mesopo-

tamiis samxreTsa da Crdilo-

eTSi, mesopotamiis aRmosav-

leTSi, Savi zRvis samxerT-aR-

mosavleTSi, tigrosisa da

evfratis saTaveebSi, vanisa da

urmis tbebis midamoebSi. am

xalxs `sakacobrio mniSvne-

lobis codna ramdenime

aTaswleulebis siRrmidan mo-

hyveboda. dRes mecnierebis mier

dadgenili yvela xana, qvis xa-

nis garda, Seqmnili yofila ba-

nanuri enis matareblis xalxis

namoRvawaris safuZvelze.~ _

wers b. sofia (bada (negesi) so-

fia, laz-megrelia..., gv. 199-

200.).

amerikeli ufologebis az-

riT, kacobriobam `cxovreba is-

wavla~ Zveli Sumerebisagan,

romlebic Cvens welTaR-

ricxvamde 5500 wlis win cxov-

robdnen. mecnierebi amtkiceben,

rom maT Tixis firfitebze

yvelaferi weria Cveni warmo-

Sobis Sesaxeb da yvelaferze

amomwurav cnobebs flobdnen.

amerikeli mecnierTa azriT

SumerTa naxatebSi Cans obieqti,

romelic ucxoplanetelTa xo-

maldia da, es ucxoplanetele-

bi marTavdnen Sumerebs. am na-

xat-asoebisgan gairkva, rom Su-

merebs Turme yvelaferi `anu

nakis~ kulturisgan iswavles

da mTel msoflios gauziares.

`anu naki~ cidan daSvebuls

niSnavs da swored qalaq ere-

duSi cidan daeSva pirveli sa-

mefo xelisufleba.

swored im periodSi 5500

wlis win da ufro adrec, _

wers b.sofia, - aRniSnul te-

ritoriebze megrul-lazur

(qarTul) enaze molaparake

xalxebi cxovrobdnen. amas

bevri sxva mecnieric amtkicebs.

swored uZveles qalaq urisTan

axlos mdebareobs msoflios

uZvelesi Zegli, mTvaris Rmer-

Tis nanas (megrelTa RmerTi)

taZari, romelic agebulia Cven

welTa aRricxvamde oci sau-

kuniT adre.

ukanasknel periodSi cno-

bilma ucxoelma mecnierebma

(aseve, cnobilia, internetiT) ga-

moaqveynes masalebi saTauriT:

`ucnobi qarTveluri ena da me-

sopotamiaSi qarTuli dina-

stiis mmarTvelobis 600 wli-

sTavi~. filologiur mecnie-

rebaTa doqtori iuri mosenki-

si wers: `Zveli aRmosavleTis

istoriaSi cnobilia kasitebis

(kosebis, kisebis) tomi. am tomis

saxelwodebas niko mari ukav-

Sirebda qarTul kaci, megrul-

Wanur kaci, baskur kison (wesiT

kizon) `kaci~-sTan, aq SeiZleba

daematos kidev sityva kison

Zveli akviganiuri warwerebi-

danac (gaskonia). kasituri eni-

dan darCa sul asamde sityva

magram Sedareba qarTvelurTan

da baskurTan gvaZlevs mniSvne-

lovan Sedegebs”.

i. mosenkisi askvnis: `SeiZ-

leba garkveviT vivaraudoT,

rom kasituri ena kidev erTi

uZvelesi enaa qarTveluri oja-

xisa. mis matarebelTa dinastia

marTavda babilons XVIII sau-

kunis Suawlebidan XII sauku-

nis Suawlebamde Zveli welT-

aRricxviT.~ (http//kingdomofgeor-

gia.com).

aqedan da sxva mravali ma-

salidan, wyaroebidan gamomdi-

nare, keTdeba utyuari logi-

kuri daskvna: iseve rogorc

sxva garkveuli teritoriebi, me-

sopotamia, babiloni, oTxi aTa-

si da ufro didi xniT adre

kolxurad imarTeboda da

mmarTveloba xdeboda kolxur

enaze. aseve msoflios mkvle-

varebma, arqeologebma, ukanas-

knel periodSi moaxdines

(agreTve internetiT) msoflio

istoriuli mniSvnelobis aR-

moCenebi. aq, aRsaniSnavia

aleqsandre volkovis naSromi

`Wiplaris mTis samlocvelos

gamocanebi~.

1995 wels TurqeTis samxreT

aRmosavleTiT, giobeklitepes

midamoebSi daiwyo msoflioSi

uZvelesi samlocvelos gaTxre-

bi. igi agebuli iyo neoliTis

epoqaSi.

veravin warmoidgenda, rom

monadireebi da `velurebi ve-

lurebs~ Soris – agebdnen taZ-

rebs. gansakuTrebiT warmoud-

genelia iq aRmoCenili Zvele-

buri simboloebi, romlebic

Zalian gvanan damwerlobas. ma-

gram mecnierebi gakvirvebulni

arian, rogor SeiZleboda 11

aTasi wlis win damwerloba

yofiliyo?! mniSvnelovania is

faqti, rom samlocvelo taZari

arqeologebisaTvis Senaxuli

iyo idealur mdgomareobaSi.

gibekli-tepe es aris 15 me-

tramde simaRlisa da daax-

loebiT 300 m. diametris SiS-

veli borcvi, romelic mdeba-

reobs TurqeTis samxreT aR-

mosavleTiT tigrosisa da

evfratis saTaveebSi. germaniis

arqeologiis institutis mier

organizebuli (xelmZRvaneli

klaus Smidti) eqspediciis mo-

nawileebi gaTxrebs Seudgnen

1995 w. da ai pirveli moulod-

neloba: niadagis Txeli fenis

qveS imaleboda qvis saukune.

gaTxrebis dawyebisTanave ar-

qeologebma aRmoaCines kedle-

bi da kirqvis svetebi. maTi ze-

dapiri Semkobili iyo relie-

febiT, romlebzec gamosaxuli

iyvnen cxovelebi. iq Seiqmna

qvis saukunis `mTeli zoopar-

ki~. im epoqaSi msgavsi silama-

zisa da daxvewilobis araferi

arsebula. Zeglebi miekuTvne-

bodnen neoliTis adreul pe-

riods – Cv.w. aR.mde daaxloe-

biT X aTaswleuls. magram ar-

qeologiuri monapovrebi mxo-

lod amiT ar Semoifargleba.

gaTxares oTxi wriuli nage-

boba, romelTa kedlebis

gaswvriv da centrSi aRmarTu-

li iyo TiTqmis 4 aTeuli mo-

noliTuri sveti, romelic iwo-

nida 20 t-mde.

rogorc cnobili mkvleva-

rebi aRniSnaven yvelaze msxvi-

li – centraluri monoliTebi,

mogvagoneben stounxenjis qvis

filebs – magram isini 6 aTasi

wliT xnieria. mecnierebis Se-

fasebiT, miwaSi Camarxulia ki-

dev ori aseuli qvis sveti

(erTnaxevari aTeuli nageboba),

albaT, aseve Semkobili relie-

febiT. maT Soris SeiZleba aR-

moCndes ufro STambeWdavi zo-

mebis lodebi. ase, qvis samtex-

loSi napovnia daumTavrebeli

monoliTi 7 metris simaRlisa

da woniT 50 t.

rogorc arqeologebi va-

raudobdnen, aq iyo neoliTis

epoqis msxvili samlocvelo,

romelic mecnierebs aiZulebs

xelaxla gadaweron adreuli

istoriis mniSvnelovani Tavebi.

jer aqamde, arasodes mecnierebs

ar upoviaT im epoqaSi aRmar-

Tuli samlocveloebi, maSin,

roca Cvenma winaprebma ar

icodnen arc miwaTmoqmedeba da

arc mesaqonleoba, iTvleba rom

nagebobebis daxvewili arqi-

teqtura warmoiSva gacilebiT

gvian, roca adamianma daiwyo ga-

dasvla binadrul cxovrebaze,

_ wers a. volkovi.

giobekli-tepeSi gakeTebuli

aRmoCenebi adastureben, rom am

teritoriebze adamianebi ukve

TandaTan gadadiodnen bina-

drul cxovrebaze, albaT, iseTi

sacxovrebeli adgilebis Ser-

CeviT, sadac RmerTebi iyvnen me-

gobrulebi, wyalobdnen maT.

klaus Smidtis azriT, aTa-

sobiT wlis Semdeg war-

moiqmneba namdvili saxelmwifo,

sadac mmarTveli iqneba mefe,

romelic Tavs gamoacxadebs

RmerTad. (es, aSkarad migvaniS-

nebs kolxuri damwerlobis

nimuSebze, romlis msgavsi 4

aTasi wlis winandeli `kol-

xuri oqrodamwerloba~ gaSi-

fra gia kvaSilavam. es axali

istoriuli aRmoCena 11 aTasi

wlis winandeli, uTuod, kol-

xuri damwerloba, axali kva-

Silavebis gamSifvrel xelebs

elodeba).

aseTi arqiteqturuli kom-

pleqsis mSenebloba, miuTiTebs

a. volkovi, agreTve gviCvenebda,

rom sazogadoebaSi moxda Sro-

mis gadanawileba. nagebobebis

gansakuTrebulma analizma

daarwmuna mecnierebi, rom aq mu-

Saobdnen gamocdili qvis

mTlelebi da kalatozebi –

adamianebi, romlebic didi xnis

manZilze dakavebuli iyvnen

erTi da igive samuSaoTi.

`mxolod nadirobiT, – k.

Smidtis azriT – amdeni ada-

miani ver gamoikvebeboda.” ad-

gilobriv macxovreblebs ux-

debodaT, albaT, sakvebi mcena-

reebis damuSaveba da daWerili

cxovelebis Senaxva – ase iqmne-

boda soflis meurneoba. maT

albaT mouxdaT Tavisi cxov-

rebis wesis Secvla da sakvebis

Segrovebidan mis moyvanaze ga-

dasvla.

droTa ganmavlobaSi aseTi-

ve `velurebma~ anatoliaSi daa-

arses planetis erT-erTi uZ-

velesi qalaqi – “Catalguiuk~.

geometriuli da cxovelebis

figurebi ufro metia, vidre or-

namenti. SesaZlebelia maTi

grafikuli kombinaciebis ukan

imaleba sityvebi da frazebi.

gansajeT Tavad: uzarmazari

svetebi, da maTze gakeTebulia

sxvadasxva niSnebi: H, Semobru-

nebuli 90 gradusiT, HovaliT,

wre, horizontaluri da verti-

kaluri naxevar-wreebi. Cveni

azriT, uamravi utyuari wya-

roebiT, aRniSnul epoqaSi an

uaxloes axlo periodSi, kol-

xebs hqonda msoflioSi pirve-

li saxelmwifoebrivi gaerTia-

neba, da isini dawinaurebuli

rom ar yofiliyvnen, kargad

organizebuli gaerTianeba ar

hqonodaT, aseTgrandiozul sam-

locvelo-taZrebs ver gaaSe-

nebdnen (sxva xalxebs im epoqa-

Si, aseTi mSeneblobis warmoe-

ba ar SeeZloT). mTvare, hori-

zontaluri Tamasa, maT gverdiT

_ Zalian Zveli stilizebuli

`alefebi~: niSnebi, romlebSic

Seicnoba xaris Tavebi, melie-

bisa da cxvrebis, dagragnili

gvelis, obobis figurebi, _ aR-

niSnavs k. Smidti.

ai erT-erTi frazis maga-

liTi, romelic Sedgenilia

msgavsi piktogramidan. 33-e

svetze niSnebi agebulia jaW-

vurad: aq orjer gvxvdeba H da-

gragnili gvelis, obobisa da

patara cxvris garemocvaSi. `es

moxatulobaze metia, _ miiCnevs

k. Smidti. – etyoba warwera Sei-

cavs mxolod im xalxisaTvis

gasageb raRac gzavnils.~

rogorc Cans saqme gvaqvs in-

formaciis kodirebis uZveles

sistemasTan. mecnierebi eride-

bian saubars damwerlobis Se-

saxeb, radganac es amsxvrevs

adamianuri kulturis Camoya-

libebis Sesaxeb damkvidrebul

warmodgenebs da metyvelebs

mxolod imaze, rom `giobekli-

tepes mSeneblebi Setyobinebis

Sesadgenad da sxva adamiane-

bisTvis gadasacemad sarge-

blobdnen rTuli simbolikiT~

(k.Smidti). am sityvebidanac

kargad Cans, rom damwerloba-

sTan gvaqvs saqme. `Tumca sa-

eWvoa, rom uaxloes momavalSi

saimedod iqnas ganmartebuli

giobekli-tepes simbolika~, _

aRiarebs germaneli arqeolo-

gi.

2006 wels gamocemuli wigni

`isini aSenebdnen pirvel taZ-

rebs~, avtorma SeZlo. `mxolod

imis aRniSvna, rom adamianebi,

romlebic cxovrobdnen giobe-

kli-tepeSi flobdnen mraval-

ferovani leqsikis did marags,

rac aZlevda maT iseTi Setyo-

binebis Sedgenis SesaZleblo-

bas, romelic, rogorc Cans,

scildeboda SemdgomSi damkvi-

drebul warmodgenebs.~ – am-

bobs a. volkovi.

giobekli-tepe WeSmaritad

gansakuTrebuli adgilia. aq

neoliTis xanis adamianma pir-

velad gamoamJRavna Tavisi ni-

Wis mTeli siZliere. aq 11 aTa-

si wlis win gaxda cxadi, rom

adamiani uaRresad niWieria da

misi talantebi gansxvavebul

sferoebSi vlindeba (a. avol-

kovi).

axal welTTaRricxvamde mde

9600-8800wlebSi aRniSnuli te-

ritoriebis axlos arsebobs

dasaxelebebi: nevali-Cori, kai-

ioniu, xalan-Cemi, jerf-el-

axmar, telkvarameli da Ceikha-

san. zogierT dasaxlebaSi

gaTxrebisas napovnia giokbeli-

tepeSi gamoyenebuli niSnebis

gamosaxulebebi: miniaturuli

kurdReli (an mela) da gvele-

bi qvaze da sxv.

sami aTasi wlis Semdeg,

ax.w.aR-mde 6500 wlisaTvis sabi-

abiades da sxva dasaxlebis

macxovreblebi luqavdnen Ta-

vianT ganZsa da sursaT-sano-

vages beWdebiT, romlebzec ga-

mosaxuli iyo aso `M~ msgavsi

sami zigzagisebur xaziT.

klaus Smidtis azriT es sim-

bolo – obobis Taviseburi

stilizeburi gamosaxulebaa,

CvenTvis cnobilia giobekli-

tepedan. gvxvdeba sxva samax-

sovro simboloc: mravalfexa,

gveli, xari, taxi (k. Smidtma

icis, rom aRniSnuli warweris

gaSifvra-wakiTxva urTulesi

saqmea, magram kargad xedavs, rom

damwerlobasTan gvaqvs saqme.

isic unda vTqvaT, rom uZvele-

si kolxeTis samflobelo iyo

ara mxolod aRniSnuli da

mimdebare adgilebi, aramed dRe-

vandeli TurqeTis mTeli te-

ritoria da, amdenad, kolxeTis

teritoriaze kolxebi cxov-

robdnen da ra Tqma unda kol-

xur enaze laparakobdnen da

werdnen. isic cnobilia, rom

kolxebs damwerloba warRvnam-

deli epoqamde hqondaT).

`me vityodi, rom pirveli,

rac gavifiqre: am beWedze Cven

kvlav vxedavT giobekli-tepes

ikonografias~ _ gulwrfelad

aRiara Smidtma – wers a. vol-

kovi (aq garkveviT Cans, rom k.

Smidti damwerlobaze lapara-

kobs – k.Selia).

rogorc harald hauptmani,

germaniis arqeologiis insti-

tutidan, germanuli Jurnalis

Bild der Wissenshaft-is furclebze

wers: `me vfiqrob, rom giobe-

kli-tepeSi ukve maSin formi-

rebuli iyo warmodgenebi, ro-

melTac SemdgomSi asaxva hpo-

ves Sumerul kulturaSi. cxa-

dia, Sumeruli kulturis wina

periodis kultura megrul-

lazuri kultura iyo”.

qvis saukunis adamianebi, _ am-

bobs a. volkovi, _ ar iyvnen bu-

nebis uZluri monebi. maT is-

wavles misi dartymebis atana,

bunebasTan dapirispireba. mxo-

lod maSin, roca adamianma

daiwyo miwis damuSaveba, igi

kvlav gaxda bunebis mona, misi

klimaturi kaprizebis mZevali.

klimenti Selia,istoriis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, profesori.

mecnierebis

damsaxurebuli moRvawe.

(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

kacobriobis istoria kolxeTiT iwyeba

11ilori 22 seqtemberi 2009

...yofil mflobelebs (qmrebs) unar-

CundebaT ufleba, urigod isargeblon Ta-

vianTi coliT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qmari am

dekretis cxovrebaSi moqmedebas raime-

nairad SeuSlis xels, is dakargavs am

statiaSi mocemul uflebas; mamakac mo-

qalaqeebs ufleba aqvT, gamoiyenon qali

kviraSi araumetes oTxjer da ara umetes

3 saaTisa...

globalizaciis ideologebma ukve

araerTxel aRniSnes, rom momavlis `bed-

nier~ msoflioSi ufesvo, uerovno, ure-

ligio da uojaxo adamianebi icxovreben.

dasavleTis mTel rig qveynebSi ojaxi su-

lac aRaraa xelSeuxebeli da auRebeli

cixesimagre _ mSoblebs Svilebs absur-

duli mizezebis gamo arTmeven da yvelaze

xSirad es britaneTSi xdeba. es qveyana da-

emsgavsa sacdel poligons, sadac am `au-

Rebeli cixesimagris~ ganadgurebis me-

Todebs amuSaveben.

sul axlaxan 24 wlis britanel dedas

sakuTari Svili imis gamo waarTves, rom

deda avadmyofi bavSvis mosavlelad `Za-

lian sulelad~ CaTvales. sam TveSi sami

wlis gogonas gaaSvileben da dedas misi

naxvis saSualeba aRar eqneba.

yvelaferi SarSan daiwyo. gamokvlevam

aCvena, rom 24 wlis reiCelis IQ 71 qulas

Seadgenda (saSualo maCvenebeli 90-109 qu-

laa). amitom, rogorc qmeduunaros, sasa-

marTloSi mas saxelmwifo advokati dau-

niSnes. advokatma, qalis survilis sawi-

naaRmdegod, uari Tqva saqalaqo sasa-

marTlos dadgenilebis gasaCivrebaze

da bavSvis gaSvilebas daeTanxma. saqme

isaa, rom reiCelis Svils naadrevi mSo-

biarobis Sedegad janmrTelobasTan da-

kavSirebuli problemebi aqvs da eqimebis

meTvalyureobas saWiroebs. amitom, no-

tingemis xelisuflebam CaTvala, rom

deda ver SeZlebs sakuTar Svilze zrun-

vas.

unda aRiniSnos, rom specialistebis

erTi nawili Tvlis, rom IQ-s testi sulac

araa unikaluri da uSecdomo Semfasebe-

li; fsiqiatrebma ki daaskvnes, rom rei-

Celi normaluri adamiania _ misi inte-

leqtualuri ganviTareba normas Seesa-

bameba. am daskvnidan gamomdinare sasa-

marTlom iZulebis wesiT aRiara, rom rei-

Celi qmedunariania da SeuZlia, Tavad mii-

Ros monawileoba sakuTari saqmis gan-

xilvaSi. gaSvilebis procesis SeCereba-

ze sasamarTlom mainc uari Tqva.

es sulac araa erTaderTi SemTxveva.

britanuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-

biT mark da niki vebsterebs xelisu-

flebam SecdomiT waarTva Svilebi. mo-

samarTle axlac ar aZlevs oTx bavSvs

mSoblebis naxvis uflebas, Sin dabrune-

baze xom laparakic zedmetia.

vebsterebs bavSvebi 2004 wels waarTves,

rodesac eqimebma maT erT-erT Svils ram-

denime mikromotexiloba aRmouCines da

daaskvnes, rom es Segnebulad miyenebuli

tramvebi iyo. SemdgomSi eqimebma daskvna

Secvales, rom bavSvs Zvlebze bzarebi vi-

taminebis naklebobis gamo gasCenia, magram

am droisaTvis vebsterebis oTxive Svili

ukve gaSvilebuli iyo da sasamarTlo

mxolod `Rrma mwuxarebiT TanaugrZnob-

da~ gamwarebul mSoblebs, radgan gaSvi-

lebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba Turme sa-

boloo iyo da misi Secvla aRar Sei-

Zleboda.

2005 wlis ianvris Semdeg vebsterebs sa-

kuTari Svilebi aRar unaxavT.

aranakleb amazrzeni faqti moxda So-

tlandiaSi, rodesac sasamarTlom 46

wlis bebia da 59 wlis papa bavSvebis aR-

sazrdelad Zalian daberebulad miiCnia

da ori bavSvi pederastebis ojaxSi gaa-

Svila. evropelTa nawili am asakSi pir-

vel Svils aCens, am wyvils ki orwliani

brZolis Semdeg SviliSvilebi mainc wa-

arTves da daemuqrnen kidec, Tu raime uk-

mayofilebas gamoTqvamT, bavSvebis naxvis

uflebac aRar geqnebaTo.

am bavSvebis Svilad ayvana normalur

wyvilebsac surdaT, socialuri muSakebi

gafrTxilebulni iyvnen, rom umcrosi bav-

Svi, gogona, mamakacebisadmi SiSs ganic-

dida, miuxedavad amisa, isini mainc ori

mamakacisagan Semdgar `ojaxs~ miaSviles.

pederastebisa da lesboselebis mier bav-

Svebis Svilad ayvana SotlandiaSi 2006

wlidanaa dakanonebuli. am droidanve xe-

lisufleba aqtiurad uWers mxars am ide-

as da yvela upiratesoba garyvnilebs eni-

WebaT. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom erTsqe-

siani ojaxebisaTvis bavSvis Svilad ay-

vanis kanonis winaaRmdeg qveynis mosa-

xleobis 90% gamodioda. maS, viRas inte-

resebs icavs naqeb-nadidebi britanuli

demokratia?

ojaxTan mebrZol britanelebs mrava-

li winamorbedi hyavT Suasaukunovani ka-

tarebiTa da anabaptistebiT dawyebuli

SedarebiT axlo warsulis bolSevik-

trockistebiT damTavrebuli. am mxriv

mniSvnelovania erTi dokumenti, romelzec

`gaTavisuflebisaTvis~ mebrZol brita-

nelebs jerjerobiT mxolod ocneba

SeuZliaT. maS ase:

saratovis guberniis saxalxo komi-

sarTa sabWos dekreti qalebis kerZo

mflobelobis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. kano-

nieri qorwineba, romelic bolo dromde

arsebobda, udavod im socialuri uTana-

sworobis produqtia, romelic fesvianad

unda amoiZirkvos sabWoTa respublikaSi.

dRemde kanonieri qorwineba warmoadgen-

da proletariatis sawinaaRmdego se-

riozul iaraRs burJuaziis xelSi, rom-

lis wyalobiTac mSvenieri sqesis sauke-

Teso warmomadgenlebi imperialisti bur-

Juebis sakuTreba iyvnen. amitom, sarato-

vis guberniis saxalxo komisarTa sabWom

guberniis muSaTa, glexTa da jariskacTa

sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis depu-

tatTa TanxmobiT daadgina:

1. 1918 wlis 1 ianvridan ikrZaleba 17-

dan 30 wlamde qalebis mudmivi mflobe-

loba. qalis asaki ganisazRvreba daba-

debis mowmobiTa da pasportis Canawere-

biT, am sabuTebis ararsebobis SemTxve-

vaSi ki kvartaluri komitetebis an uxu-

cesebis mier garegnuli SexedulebiT da

mowmeebis CvenebiT;

2. am dekretis moqmedeba ar vrcelde-

ba gaTxovil qalebze, romelTac hyavT

xuTi an meti Svili;

3. yofil mflobelebs (qmrebs) unar-

CundebaT ufleba, urigod isargeblon Ta-

vianTi coliT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qmari am

dekretis cxovrebaSi moqmedebas raime-

nairad SeuSlis xels, is dakargavs am

statiaSi mocemul uflebas;

4. yvela qali, romelic am dekrets eq-

vemdebareba, gaTavisuflebulia kerZo,

mudmivi mflobelobisagan da mTeli

mSromeli xalxis sakuTrebad cxaddeba;

5. am qalebis zedamxedvelobis ufle-

ba mieniWaT Sesabamisi guberniebis, ma-

zrebis da soflebis muSaTa, jariskacTa

da glexTa sabWoebis deputatebs;

6. mamakac moqalaqeebs ufleba aqvT, ga-

moiyenon qali kviraSi araumetes oTxjer

da ara umetes 3 saaTisa, qvemoT mocemu-

li pirobebis dacviT;

7. yvela mSromeli valdebulia, Tavisi

Semosavlidan 2% saxalxo Taobis fon-

disaTvis gamoyos;

8. yvela mamakacma, romelsac surs,

isargeblos saxalxo sakuTrebis egzem-

plariT, unda warmoadginos muSaTa ko-

mitetis an profesiuli kavSiris mier ga-

cemuli mowmoba, rom namdvilad gane-

kuTvneba mSromelTa klass;

9. mamakacebs, romlebic ar ganekuTvne-

bian mSromelTa klass, SeuZliaT, isar-

geblon qalebiT miTiTebul fondSi 1 000

rublis gadaxdis pirobiT;

10. am dekretis mixedviT saxalxo sa-

kuTrebad miCneuli yvela qali saxalxo

Taobis fondidan miiRebs daxmarebas

TveSi 280 rublis odenobiT;

11. orsuli qalebi Tavisufldebian Ta-

vianTi pirdapiri da saxelmwifoebrivi

valdebulebisagan 4 TviT (3 Tve mSobia-

robamde da 1 Tve mSobiarobis Semdeg);

12. dabadebuli bavSvebi erTi Tvis Sem-

deg icxovreben TavSesafarSi, sadac aRi-

zrdebian da miiReben ganaTlebas 17 wlis

asakamde;

13. tyupis dabadebis SemTxvevaSi deda

miiRebs jildod 200 rubls;

14. veneriuli daavadebis gavrceleba-

Si damnaSave revoluciuri sasamarTlos

mier kanonier pasuxisgebaSi miecema.

sabednierod evropel globalistebs

jer-jerobiT ar aqvT iseTive ganusa-

zRvreli Zalaufleba rogoric qonda

trockis 1918 wels, magram es mxolod

jer-jerobiT da vai rom Sors ar aris

dRe rodesac trockis evropeli mimde-

vrebi revoluciuri sijiutiTa xelga-

SlilobiT da maStaburobiT daakanone-

ben “bednieri sazogadoebis” sakuTar mo-

dels.

m.qavTaraZe

saiT mieqanebi ubeduro saqarTvelov?!trockis britaneli memkvidreebi anu rogori iqneba

msoflio globalizaciis Semdeg

moskovi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis umcrosi

partnioris roliT dainteresebuli ar aris da aSS

strategia _ putini da medvedevi daTmobebiT mo-

aTvinieros, saxifaToa.

dimitri medvedevisa da barak obamas im Sexvedris

Semdeg, romelsac daZabulad adevnebdnen Tvalyurs

mTel msoflioSi, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom aSS pre-

zidenti Cveni kompiuterebiviT gadatvirTes: ekrani

jer qreba, Semdeg masze Zveli programebi Cndeba da

bolos manqana Zveleburad jaxir-jaxiriT iwyebs mu-

Saobas.

rogorc Sexvedris msvlelobisas gamoCnda, ru-

suli mxare Tavisi mkacri politikis erTguli rCe-

ba. prezident medvedevsa da premier putinze did

STabeWdilebas ar axdens obamas Zalisxmeva _ ga-

aumjobesos ormxrivi urTierTobebi. amasTan, orive

rusi lideri ganuwyvetliv imeorebs, rom daTmobebze

swored vaSingtoni unda wavides, Tavad vaSingtoni

ki swored amis demonstrirebas axdens kidec.

vaSingtonis amgvari strategia sariskoa, radgan am

daTmobebis Semdeg obama SesaZloa, ruseTis axal moT-

xovnebs gadaeyaros. obamas, upirvelesad, ruseTTan bu-

Sisgan memkvidreobiT miRebuli latenturi kon-

fliqtis ganmuxtva surs, raTa Semdeg moskovTan met-

naklebad normaluri urTierTobebi daamyaros. es misi

sagareo politikis sakvanZo momentebze _ avRaneTze,

iransa da israelze koncentrirebisTvisaa saWiro.

ruseTs ki sulac ar surs sust partniorad qceva.

sabWoTa kavSiris Svilobil ruseTs ki sakuTari Rir-

sebis meryevi SegrZneba awuxebs, rac umaRles saerTa-

Soriso doneze mudmivi yofniT, umjobesia, supersa-

xelmwifoebis meTaurebTan SexvedrebiT gamyardes.

Financial Times Deutschland

ruseTs konfliqti ar sWirdeba

citata-Sexseneba

“Cven ar SegviZlia

miviRoT ojaxis

funqciis, mSoblebsa

da Svilebs Soris

urTierTdamokide-

bulebis amerikuli

gagebac. Cveni

provincieli poli-

tikosebi aRfrTo-

vanebuli arian imiT,

rom amerikaSi 13

wlis biWebi man-

qanebs recxaven,

gogonebi oficiante-

bad muSaoben, rom

mSoblebi Svilebs

ar exmarebian da

amiT aiZuleben maT

damoukideblad icx-

ovron, rom colsa

da qmars sakuTari

Semosavlebis

wyaroebi aqvT da

a.S. diax,

amerikelebs ojaxur

urTierTobaTa sa-

fuZvelSic ki indi-

vidualizmi da

egoizmi udevT...

...dasavluri sazoga-

doeba erTmaneTis-

agan damoukidebel

kerZo pirTa sazoga-

doebaa. qarTuli

sazogadoeba ki is-

toriulad ojaxis

principiT yalibde-

boda, romlis

wevrebi erTmaneTTan

mWidrod dakavSire-

bulni da urTierT-

pasuxismgeblobis

grZnobiT gamsWval-

ulni arian. es prin-

cipuli sxvaobaa,

romelic nebismieri

politikuri,

ekonomikuri Tu

kulturuli proe-

qtis SemuSavebisas

unda iqnes gaTval-

iswinebuli...”

aleqsandre WaWia,

1997 wlis ivnisi

12 ilori22 seqtemberi 2009

masTan sicocxleze xelCaqneulebi midian

gamojanmrTelebulebi

brundebian

gagniZis preparati arCensavTvisebian simsivnur daavadebebs, kuW-nawlavis gauvalobas,

kolits, fistulas, prostatits, buasils, nervis anTebas,nevrozs, fsiqikurad daavadebulebs, parkinsons, asTmas, Ciyvs,gulisa da Tirkmelebis daavadebebs, spobs azots TirkmelSi,

hkurnavs gafantuli sklerozs da Sidss, Svelis cerebralurdamblas, yurebidan Cirqdenas, osteoqondrozs, gaimorits,

sisxlis gaTeTrebas, sefsiss, botulizms, tuberkulozs,cerozs I da II stadiebSi, C-hepatits, botkins, elenTis, naRvlis

buStis daavadebebs, anTebiT procesebs, qlamidias, klimaqss, wy-luls, fsoriazs, saxsrebis daavadebebs, epilefsias, amyarebs

imunitets, axdens Tavis tvinis ujredebis aRdgena-SenarCunebas,dadebiTad moqmedebs seqsualur darRvevebze da narkotikeb-

Tan damokidebulebebze.

k o o r d i n a t e b i a :Telavi, kavkasionis quCa #61-b,

gagniZe biWiko (domenti).tel: 893-22-66-51 8(250) 7-61-24

Tbilisi, awyuris 31-a (metro “isanTan”)baTumi, asaTianis 11,

(orSabaTs, oTxSabaTs da paraskevs, 10-dan 14 saaTamde).

iumori

gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli

publikaciis avtorebs

ekisrebaT

pasuxismgebloba

faqtebisa da

monacemebis sizusteze

redaqciis misamarTia:

Tbilisi, mesame

nadikvaris #11

sareg.#01018002930

anaklia@web.dee-mail:elisabetthal@yahoo.de

reklamis ganTavseba

8 9 9 - 5 7 - 3 3 - 2 2

7 2 - 3 7 - 3 5

3 8 - 4 1 - 9 7

mTavari redaqtori: roland jalaRania

mT. redaqtoris moadgile: daviT qobalia

teqnikuri redaqtori: mixeil CodriSvili

* * *

“axalma qarTvelma” manqana

iyida.

_ kmayofili xar? _

ekiTxeba megobari.

_ aba ra, magari manqanaa! ga-

Cerebulzec ki saaTSi oci ki-

lometri siCqare aqvs.

_ es rogor?

_ spidometri ase aCvenebs

da...

* * *

qmari nadirobidan brun-

deba da winaswar urekavs

cols:

_ mTeli Tve xorcs aRar

viyidiT.

_ taxi mokaliT?

_ ara, xelfasi Semomexarja.

* * *

_ mamaSens bolomde SerCa

naTeli goneba?

_ ar vici, xval anderZs ga-

movitanT notariusidan...

* * *

gancxadeba “rusTavi-2”-is

gadacema “kurierSi”:

_ da, erTaderTi kargi am-

bavi _ Cveni gadacema dasru-

lebulia...

gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “msoflios saukeTeso fexburTelebi” gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “msoflios saukeTeso fexburTelebi”

vagrZelebT nawyvetebis beWdvas “efrem verdis” wignis

im monakveTidan, sadac Sekrebilia sizmrebis axsna

daniel winaswarmetyvelis mier.

_ lomis naxva _ didi da saxelovani kacis niSania;

_ loginis naxva _ cudia da avadmyofobis niSania;

_ laparaki sxvisa _ kargia, magram mters ufrTxildi;

_ lursmani moagrovo an iyido _ kargia;

_ mkvdari gelaparakebodes _ kargi ram niSania;

_ mgalobeli frinveli _ sixarulisa da bednierebis niSania;

_ moxarSva ramesi _ cudia, SfoTis Sematebaa;

_ miwisZvra _ saSineli da sazareli ambavia;

_ mercxlis naxva _ kargia, mterze gaimarjveb;

_ mkvdrebi naxo _ mteri mogimravldes;

_ mze Rrubels mofarebuli _ mwuxarebaa da dardi;

_ mze brwyinvale _ sixarulsa da bednierebas moaswavebs.

sizmrebis axsna daniel winaswarmetyvelis mier

gazeTi “saqarTvelo da msoflio”

udavo lideri qarTul mediasivrceSi!

misi ZiriTadi kredo _ SeiZleba, zogjer Zalze

mware, magram mainc simarTle, mxolod simarTle!

msoflioSi mimdinare politikuri procesebis miu-

kerZoebeli analizi, saintereso publikaciebi, in-

terviuebi, problemaTa profesiuli, obieqturi

xedva, patriotuli suliskveTeba da maRali zneo-

bisadmi swrafva, myari moqalaqeobrivi pozicia, pa-

triotizmi, principuloba da ara sijiute, axal-

gazrda Taobis sulieri formirebis procesebSi

Rrma wvdoma, SemecnebiTi informaciebi msoflios

sxvadasxva qveynebidan, fantastika da realoba...

idiasinkrazia yovelgvari siyviTlisa da iaffasiani

sensaciebisadmi!

es gazeTi mxolod seriozul mkiTxvelzea gaTv-

lili _ araseriozulebi da kuluaruli iafi Wor-

intrigebis moyvarulebi nu gamogvexmaurebian!

SeiZineT da ikiTxeT gazeTi

“saqarTvelo da msoflio”!

diego maradona aris meoce sauku-

nis oTxmociani wlebis udidesi fex-

burTeli, romelmac araerT udides

warmatebas miaRwia. misi gulSematki-

vrebi argentinaSi, kerZod “argentinos

xuniorsSi” da “boka xuniorsSi”, sadac

man Tavisi sportuli kariera daiwyo,

mas aRmerTebdnen, xolo tifozebi

italiaSi, sadac igi gamodioda “napo-

lis” SemadgenlobaSi, mzad iyvnen dae-

CoqaT mis winaSe, iseve, rogorc mTeli

argentina, rodesac maradonas wyalo-

biT, 1986 wels meqsikaSi Catarebul

msoflio Cempionatze, argentinis na-

krebi umaRles jildos daeufla. ma-

gram inglisel gulSematkivrebs dRe-

sac usamarTlod miaCniaT 1986 wlis

msoflio Cempionatze, meoTxedfina-

lur matCSi maT karSi maradonas

mier xeliT gatanili burTi, romelsac

mogvianebiT diegom RmerTis xeliT ga-

tanili goli uwoda. argentinelebs ki

ufro daaxsomdaT diegos mier in-

gliselTa karSi gatanili meore

goli, rodesac man sakuTar moedanze

miiRo burTi, moatyua TiTqmis ingli-

selTa nakrebis Semadgenlobis naxe-

vari, mekarec zed miayola da ganu-

meorebeli goli gaitana piter Sel-

tonis karSi. es goli dResac udidesi

ostatobis gamovlinebad iTvleba mso-

flio fexburTis istoriaSi. TiTqmis

igive gaimeora man belgielebTan

matCSi, naxevarfinalur SexvedraSi.

xolo finalSi mis mier Sesrulebuli

gadacemis Semdeg xorxe buruCagam gai-

tana gamarjvebis goli gfr-is karSi

da argentina Rirseulad gaxda mso-

flio Cempioni.

1990 wlis msoflio Cempionatze ar-

gentinelebi finalSi ki gavidnen, ma-

gram germaniasTan matCi waages anga-

riSiT 1:0. manamde ki, naxevarfinalSi,

romelic Catarda qalaq neapolSi,

maT asparezobidan gamoTiSes maspin-

Zel italielTa gundi. 1991 wlis ga-

zafxulze maradonas Cautares doping-

testi da mis organizmSi aRmoaCines

kokainis kvali. igi gaaZeves italiidan

da 15-Tviani diskvalifikacia misces,

rac imas niSnavda, rom igi nakrebSic

veRar iTamaSebda. rodesac maradona

argentinaSi dabrunda, igi daapatimres

narkotikebis Senaxvis braldebiT. gan-

Tavisuflebis Semdeg igi Seecada sa-

fexburTo karieris aRdgenas espaneTSi,

magram Caatara ra naxevari sezoni “se-

viliis” SemadgenlobaSi, didi Sedegi

ar uCvenebia.

argentinis nakrebSi dabrunebis

Semdeg, msoflios 1994 wlis Cempio-

natze, man namdvili sircxvili Wama,

rodesac igi kvlav Seamowmes doping-

testze da sxeulSi akrZaluli niv-

Tierebebi aRmouCines. mas kvlav 15-

Tviani diskvalifikacia miesaja da na-

krebs CamoaSores. diskvalifikaciis

vadis amowurvis Semdeg igi kvlav See-

cada dabrunebuliyo did fexburTSi,

magram es cda warumatebeli aRmoCnda,

radgan igi Zveli didebis landaTac

ki aRar gamodgeboda.

aRmafrena da dacema

diego maradonam fexburTis TamaSi

muSaTa kvartalSi fioritoSi daiwyo,

romelic qalaq lanusSi mdebareobda.

maSin 9 wlis maradona sabavSvo klub

“estrelia roxa”-Si (“wiTeli varskv-

lavi”) mivida, mogvianebiT ki Tavis me-

gobrebTan erTad Camoayaliba safex-

burTo gundi “los sebolitasi”

(“axali nayari”). gundi imdenad pers-

peqtiuli aRmoCnda, rom klubma “ar-

gentina xuniorsi” igi Tavis axal-

gazrdul seqciaSi Caricxa.

1976 wlis 20 oqtombers 15 wlis

diego maradonas debiuti hqonda

umaRles ligaSi, saTadarigoTa Se-

madgenlobaSi “tarieresTan” (kor-

doba) SexvedraSi. erTi kviris Semdeg

ki man matCi Caatara “niuvels old

boizis” winaaRmdeg. 1977 wlis Te-

bervalSi maradonas debiuti hqonda

nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi. Tumca mas

1978 wlis msoflio CempionatSi ar miu-

Ria monawileoba. 1979 wels iaponiaSi

Catarebul axalgazrdul msoflio

Cempionatze maradonam pirveli ga-

marjveba izeima. “boka xuniorsma” im

droisaTvis sarekordo Tanxad _ erT

milion funt sterlingad iyida ma-

radona, ori wlis Semdeg ki igi sam-

mag fasSi gayida miyida “barselonas”.

1982 wlis msoflio Cempionatze,

romelic Catarda espaneTSi, igi gaZe-

vebul iqna moednidan braziliel ba-

tistasTan uxeSad TamaSis gamo.

misi safexburTo kariera mdidari

iyo kuriozebiT. 1984 wels “napolim”

masSi 5 milioni funti sterlingi ga-

daixada, ris Semdeg gundma gayida

70.000 sezonuri abonementi da gulSe-

matkivrebma didi saCuqari miiRes ma-

radonasagan. vidre maradona “napo-

liSi” TamaSobda, gundi orjer gaxda

italiis Cempioni, erTxel ki uefas

Tasi moigo. maradonas aSkarad didi

wvlili miuZRvis “napolis” aRmafre-

naSi, sadac man 7 sezoni Caatara.

diego armando maradona daibada

1960 wels argentinis qalaq lanusSi.

1975 wels debiuti hqonda umaRles li-

gaSi “argentino xuniorsis” Semadgen-

lobaSi. 1977 wels pirvelad iTamaSa

argentinis nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi

ungreTis nakrebis winaaRmdeg. 1986

wels gaxda msoflio Cempioni da igi

aRiares Cempionatis saukeTeso fex-

burTelad. 1987 wels “napoli” gaxada

italiis Cempioni da moipova qveynis

Tasi pirvelad am klubis istoriaSi.

1988 wels ki am gundma moipova uefas

Tasi. 1990 wels, travmebis miuxedavad,

maradonam argentinis nakrebi gaiyvana

msoflio Cempionatis finalSi, sadac

isini germanelebTan damarcxdnen. 1991

wels iqna diskvalificirebuli. aseve

moxsnes igi 1994 wels msoflio Cem-

pionatidan akrZaluli nivTierebebis

miRebisaTvis.

1995 wels igi dabrunda mwvrTnelad

“deportivo mandiuSi”, Semdeg ki moR-

vaweobda “boka xuniorsSi”. maradona

WeSmaritad didi fexburTeli iyo, am-

Jamad ki eweva sazogadoebriv moRva-

weobas.

giorgi jalaRania

diego armando maradona

ori kontinentis kerpi