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Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron Fred Turner Program Review January 27, 2011

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Page 1: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Asphalt Aging and Fatigue

Ron Glaser Mike FarrarShin-Che HuanggJohn SchabronFred Turner

Program Review

January 27, 2011

Page 2: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Aging Studies  

• SUBTASK 2‐2.1  IMPACT OF WATER ON AGING

• SUBTASK 2‐2.2  SUPPORT OF THE MECHANISTIC‐EMPIRICAL PAVEMENT DESIGN GUIDE Aging StudyPAVEMENT DESIGN GUIDE‐ Aging Study 

• SUBTASK 2‐2.3  AUTOMATED ON‐COLUMN PRECIPITATION AND RE‐DISSOLUTION ANALYSIS

• SUBTASK 3‐2D  LABORATORY AND FIELD AGING INFLUENCE ON EMBRITTLEMENT

Page 3: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Problem

• How does aging affect asphalt pavement durability?

• What changes in chemical composition with aging cause reductions in endurance performance?reductions in endurance performance?

• Can we adjust binder composition or pavement section design to increase service life ?

• What maintenance procedures make sense to extend service life ?

Page 4: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

What happens when asphalt ages (oxidizes)(oxidizes)

• Asphalt ages through oxidation, changing the chemical composition

• Changes in the chemical composition change the mechanical propertiesmechanical properties

• Aged Pavements are more brittle and relieve stress much more slowly than new pavements

• Aged Pavements heal more slowly accumulate damage• Aged Pavements  heal more slowly, accumulate damage more quickly

• The service life of the pavement is greatly affected by aging

Page 5: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Design for Aging  

Page 6: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Aging Study  

Page 7: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Aging Study Characterization

• FTIR‐Multi‐solvent – to obtain rate expressions

• CHNS‐DO – to investigate rates based upon oxygen uptake 

DSR t bt i h l i l ti• DSR – to obtain rheological properties

• DSC – to evaluate changes in glass transition width

• LAST – to quantify fatigue resistance• LAST – to quantify fatigue resistance

• AD – speciation of asphaltenes

• SARA + IR – solvent defined fraction changes, reactants and g ,products fates

• AFT – solvation shell dimension and compatibility

• NMR – aromatization changes

Page 8: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Aging Study Materials

• ALF 70‐22 RTFO binder

• ManitobaManitoba• Tank, RTFO in support of warm mix studies

• Minnesota • A,B,C RTFO binder

• SHRP  RTFO binders (4)

• 2 ARC RTFO binders• 2 ARC RTFO binders

Page 9: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Progress to date 

• Aging – first set of samples recently completed

• Elemental Analysis – selected ALF samples 

• FTIR – over 50% complete

AD T k 3D li i k l t ALF l• AD – Task 3D preliminary work complete on ALF samples

• SARA + IR – just started

• DSC – selected ALF samples• DSC  selected ALF samples 

• AFT – not started

• NMR – not started

• DSR – not started

• LAST – not started

Page 10: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Preliminary Results and Observations 

Good correlations exist between the following metrics d f iand extent of aging:

• Sulfoxide plus carbonyl IR absorbance

• Direct oxygen from elemental Analysisyg y

• Toluene/heptane peak ratio from AD

• Glass transition width from DSC

Page 11: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Design for Aging  

Page 12: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Design for Aging  

• Parallel first and zero order rate expressions fit the data welldata well. 

• Film diffusion model is more fundamental• Film modeling fits suggests mass transfer inside 

the binder is rate limiting

Page 13: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Design for Aging  

• Simple expressions produce activation energy values near viscous flow values 

• The film diffusion model  explicitly accounts for viscosity changes

• Differences in AAD and AAG reconciled with anDifferences in AAD and AAG reconciled  with an internal diffusion length adjustment

• Simpler testing of this physical parameter may d d di iproduce good rate predictions

• A practical, fundamentally based spec test for aging rate may be possible (AFT)g g y p ( )

Page 14: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Design for Aging  

Page 15: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Design for Aging  

Page 16: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Design for Aging  

Page 17: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Stress profiles due to property gradientsgradients

• Asphalt binders exhibit dramatic changes in elasticity with temperature

• Asphalt binders also exhibit dramatic changes in elasticity• Asphalt binders also exhibit dramatic changes in elasticity as they age

• Asphalt binders age more near the surface of the pavement

Page 18: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Property Gradients 

Page 19: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Property Gradients 

Page 20: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Static‐Elastic Modeling of Thermal Stresses Aging and Block CrackingStresses… Aging and Block Cracking

Page 21: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

So What?  

Page 22: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Products (Asphalt Research Community)Community) ….

• Multivariate Regression of Over Defined Data‐Beta release in progress (VB.NET)

• Master Curve Shift Factor Parameter Fits with extent of• Master Curve‐Shift Factor Parameter Fits with extent of aging

• Multi‐solvent method for high resolution IR studies

• Advanced Spectral Subtraction methods

• Peak series decomposition program  

Page 23: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Products (Asphalt Paving Community)Community) ….

• Correlation of IR response to rheology

• Micro‐sampling of pavement for stiffness evaluation using IRIR

• Aging rate prediction spec test

• DSR replacement of BBR using 4mm platesDSR replacement of BBR using 4mm plates

• Improvements in the MEPDG, particularly the Global Aging System and TCModel to account for aging effects

Page 24: Asphalt Aging and Fatigue - Western Researchwesternresearch.org/.../2011AgingAndFatigue-Glaser.pdf · Asphalt Aging and Fatigue Ron Glaser Mike Farrar Shin-Che Huang John Schabron

Thanks for Your Attention...

• Questions ?

• Comments ?

Di i ?• Discussion ?

• rglaser@uwyo edu• [email protected]