ASADI Conference 2010ASADI Conference 2010 “Improving Access to Energy in Sub- “Improving Access to Energy in Sub-

Saharan Africa”Saharan Africa”09-10 November 201009-10 November 2010

Overcoming Energy Access Challenges in Overcoming Energy Access Challenges in Resource-Constrained Countries: The Resource-Constrained Countries: The

Case of Mozambique. Case of Mozambique.

boaventura.cuamba@uem.mzboaventura.cuamba@uem.mz

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Introduction;Introduction;

Overview of Energy Situation in Sub-Overview of Energy Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa Saharan Africa

Energy Situation in Mozambique;Energy Situation in Mozambique;

Key Challenges;Key Challenges;

The Role of Institutions;The Role of Institutions;

Endnote.Endnote.

Part 1Part 1

IntroductionIntroduction

Poverty in Sub-Saharan AfricaPoverty in Sub-Saharan AfricaAbout one-fifth of the About one-fifth of the world's population is world's population is affected by poverty affected by poverty (living on less than $1 a (living on less than $1 a day);day);

Rural poverty accounts Rural poverty accounts for nearly 63 percent of for nearly 63 percent of poverty worldwide, poverty worldwide, reaching between 65 reaching between 65 and 90 percent in sub-and 90 percent in sub-Saharan Africa .Saharan Africa .

The Millennium Development GoalsThe Millennium Development Goals

The The universally universally adopted adopted framework for framework for combating combating poverty and poverty and promoting promoting developmentdevelopment

Energy and the MDGsEnergy and the MDGs

While there is no While there is no MDG specifically MDG specifically on energy, access on energy, access to energy services to energy services is a prerequisite is a prerequisite to the to the achievement of achievement of the eight MDGs. the eight MDGs.

Part 2Part 2

Review of Energy Situation in Review of Energy Situation in Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa

Access to ElectricityAccess to Electricity

Rural and urban access to electricity in developing Rural and urban access to electricity in developing countries countries

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Developing countries

Latin America & Caribbean

China & Eastern Asia

South Asia

Northern Africa

Middle East

Sub-Saharan Africa

Percentage access

Rural

Urban

Energy UseEnergy Use

Per capita energy use by world region Per capita energy use by world region

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

OE

CD

-NA

OE

CD

-Pacif

ic

OE

CD

-Eu

rop

e

F.U

SS

R

No

n-O

EC

D-E

ur

ME

A&

NA

LA

C

Ch

ina

Asia

S.S

.A

Gig

ajo

ule

s p

er

cap

ita

Fuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption

Fuel consumption by regionFuel consumption by region

Electricity

Coal-based electricity

Coal

Petroleumfuels

Naturalgas

Biomass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Northern Africa South Africa Sub-Saharan Africaexcluding South Africa

Region

Perce

ntage

Energy Potential Energy Potential

Huge resources Huge resources of both of both conventional (oil, conventional (oil, gas, coal) and gas, coal) and renewable energy renewable energy resources (solar, resources (solar, wind, geothermic, wind, geothermic, oceans, etc.).oceans, etc.).

Part 3Part 3

Energy Situation in Energy Situation in MozambiqueMozambique

Energy PovertyEnergy Poverty

The 2010 Energy Development IndexThe 2010 Energy Development Index

Grid Coverage Grid Coverage Increase from 8.2% to Increase from 8.2% to 14% from 2006 to 2009;14% from 2006 to 2009;

Expected to increase to Expected to increase to 20% by 2020;20% by 2020;

Grid energy comes Grid energy comes mainly from hydro;mainly from hydro;

Isolated grids based on Isolated grids based on diesel in some towns;diesel in some towns;

Soon grid will Soon grid will incorporate coal and incorporate coal and natural gas.natural gas.

Biomass UseBiomass Use

Shares about 80% Shares about 80% of energy of energy consumed in the consumed in the country;country;

Peri-urban areas Peri-urban areas use around 60% of use around 60% of biomass.biomass.

Domestic EnergyDomestic EnergyMostly sourced Mostly sourced from biomass from biomass (open fires still (open fires still the most the most common way of common way of cooking);cooking);

Kerosene for Kerosene for lighting only.lighting only.

Prices Prices versusversus biomass biomass consumptionconsumption

The poor are paying The poor are paying higher prices of energy higher prices of energy

Rural Social Infrastructures and Rural Social Infrastructures and VillagesVillages

The Government has been promoting electrification mainly The Government has been promoting electrification mainly via photovoltaics;via photovoltaics;

Part 3Part 3

Key Challenges for Key Challenges for Overcoming Energy AccessOvercoming Energy Access

Influencing Policy FormulationInfluencing Policy Formulation

The importance of energy is not well The importance of energy is not well reflected in the different policy reflected in the different policy documents for development and poverty documents for development and poverty reduction.reduction.

Promoting Transition from Traditional Promoting Transition from Traditional Energies to Modern OnesEnergies to Modern Ones

Complementarity of energy sources Complementarity of energy sources

Contributing for a more Efficient Contributing for a more Efficient GridGrid

Promoting use of more efficient appliances;Promoting use of more efficient appliances;

Integration of renewable energy passive and Integration of renewable energy passive and active designs.active designs.

Reducing Biomass Consumption in Reducing Biomass Consumption in Peri Urban HouseholdsPeri Urban Households

Could reduce Could reduce their their consumption of consumption of traditional traditional biomass by biomass by using electricity, using electricity, gas or kerosene gas or kerosene for cooking.for cooking.

Extending Electricity Coverage and Extending Electricity Coverage and Productive Uses of Energy to Rural AreasProductive Uses of Energy to Rural Areas

Promoting Promoting more more renewable renewable energy energy technologiestechnologies

Promoting Local Grids based on Promoting Local Grids based on RenewablesRenewables

The technology of hybris systems is The technology of hybris systems is becoming mature.becoming mature.

Bringing more Potable Water to Bringing more Potable Water to the Peoplethe People

Integrating more renewable energies.Integrating more renewable energies.

Bringing Some Electricity to the Bringing Some Electricity to the Rural PoorRural Poor

Promoting use of pico Systems, where Promoting use of pico Systems, where appropriate.appropriate.

Part 4Part 4

The Role of InstitutionsThe Role of Institutions

GovernmentGovernment

Creation of Creation of enabling enabling environment: environment: – awareness raising;awareness raising;– mapping of mapping of

resources;resources;– Demonstrations;Demonstrations;– education;education;– etc.etc.

Private Sector and NGOsPrivate Sector and NGOs

Dissemination of technologies and Dissemination of technologies and products; Working with communities.products; Working with communities.

Academies of ScienceAcademies of Science

Awareness raising;Awareness raising;

Promoting research; Promoting research;

Influencing policy Influencing policy formulation;formulation;

Capacity building;Capacity building;

Facilitation of Facilitation of networking of networking of scientistsscientists..

Part 5Part 5

EndnoteEndnote

Transition from traditional energies to modern Transition from traditional energies to modern ones is the main target to be achieved for ones is the main target to be achieved for improving access to energy. By a concerted improving access to energy. By a concerted action among the different actors at national action among the different actors at national and regional levels the goal can be achieved. and regional levels the goal can be achieved. Academies of science have a significant role to Academies of science have a significant role to play, particularly in mobilising international and play, particularly in mobilising international and regional expertise.regional expertise.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!