VOLUME IIVII APRIL/JUNE 1994

.0. 2

ASA OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 1994

President: Edward A. Alpers (UCLA) Vice-President: Goran Hyden (University of Florida) Past President: David Robinson (Michigan State University) Treasurer: Carol Eastman (University of Washington) Executive Director: Edna G. Bay (Emory University) Associate Director: David Iyam (Emory University)

DIRECTORS RETIRING IN 1994

Donald Crummey (University of Illinois at Urbana­Champaign) Gwendolyn Mikell (Georgetown University) Gretchen Walsh (Boston University)

RETIRING IN 1995 Cheryl Johnson-Odim (Loyola University) V.Y. Mudimbe (Duke University) Jack Parson (The College of Charleston)

RETIRING IN 1996 Robert Bates (Duke University) Carolyn Brown (Rutgers University) Nancy Schmidt (Indiana University)

ASA News, Vol. XXVII, No .1 Apr/Jun. 1994 ISSN 0278-2219

Editor: David Urn Iyam Associate Editor: Beth Pearce

Published quarterly by the African Studies Association.

Contributions to ASA News should be sent to ASA News, Credit Union Building, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. Deadlines for contributions are December 1, March 1, June 1, and September 1.

Domestic claims for non-receipt of issues must be made within six months of the month of pUblication - overseas claims must be made within one year.

Notice to Members: The United States Postal System does not forward periodicals. We must receive written notification from you at least five weeks in advance of any change of address. Failure to notify us of your correct mailing address will result in suspension of mailings until we receive such notification. We can make address changes only when current dues are paid. Re­instatement of membership mailings after suspension may be

FROM THE SECRETARIAT ...

Overlooking a frozen Lake Ontario in a mid-February Canadian winter, the Royal York Hotel in Toronto, Cana­da, was once the largest hotel in what used to be the British Empire. Although it no longer commands this status, a ma­jestic aura still surrounds this hotel that has hosted African and American presidents as well as the British royalty. The secretariat staff was in Toronto last February to finalize ar­rangements for the 1994 meeting and found the Royal York an impressive facility for our meeting. Its imposing archi­tecture spins out a web of 1200 guest rooms against the soaring grace of a skyline that emphasizes its vitality and style.

The US and Canadian immigration officers in Toronto were very courteous. I came away from my encounter with them feeling that it was the first time an immigration offi­cer did not look at me with a scowl; some even smiled and joked with us. In this issue of ASA News there is a section on visiting Canada that is meant to supplement whatever information you will get from your closest Canadian em­bassy. Please call them far ahead of time and find out what you need for travel to Canada.

The 1994 Panels Committee is now evaluating the pro­posals and hopes to complete the process early in June. During the week of March 15, it was a challenge for Karen Rader, our membership secretary, to find her way around her office because of the volume of mail that came in short­ly before the deadline. This all means that the Boston ex­citement has not abated and that, hopefully, we will trans­fer that euphoria all the way to Toronto.

Our membership renewals have also peaked significant­ly over the past few months. ASA Challenge Grant contri­butions have also come in not only from new donors but from people who are making their third or fourth contribu­tion. We thank everyone for their support.

This month we feature some Ugandan proverbs from the book, The Proverbs of Kigezi and Ankole (Uganda), Mu­seum Combonianum No. 41, 1987, by Father Marius Cister­no who spent thirteen years as a missionary in Uganda.

Ebigambo bingi tibihenda igufa.

No maHer how numerous, words don't break bones.

WE WELCOME NEW ASA MEMBERS (who joined between December 1 and March 1)

Shoyebi Abayomi D.J. Abin

Jennifer Davis Bourerma Diamitani

Fiktu Gebre Kinan Ellen Kitonga

Olubayi Olubayi Andrew K. Omo-Abu

Taniniu Abubakar NoeDimande Alisa La Gamma K wesi Opoku-Debrah Musa Abutudu Musa W.Dube Edwige Lefebvre Marty Otanez Nurua Abwbakar Chris Dunton David La Roche &: Geoffrey Owens Nwando Achebe T. Kai Norris Easton B. J. Lindquist Randall Packard Victor Agadjanian Mulugeta Agonafer

Andreas Eckert John Engels

Sharon B. Lockwood Linda Lovick

Charmaine Pereira John R. Perrott

Mohamed Abdulladir Ahmed Omar Abdulkadir Eno Walter J. Lusigi Donna Perry E. Ofori Akyea Festus Eribo Suzanne H. MacRae Marisa Pineau Rufa'i A. Alkali Emmanuel Eze Assis Malaquias M. Anne Pitcher Donald Altschiller Hunter Farnham Ntongela Masilela Chrstine M. Postles Penelope Andrews Getachew Felleke P.R.Maylam Traci J. Quick Kofi Anyidoho Donna Ferency Omar Massoud Kendall Radcliffe Nathaniel S. Appleton James Ferguson Patricia Mc Cormick Edward Ramsamy John Archibald Tekie Fessehatzion Rebecca Mclain Ismail Rashid Claude Daniel Ardouin Milfred C. Fierce Peter McLallen Ihron Rewsburg William Arens Keesha Fikes Mary McPhillips Marjorie Richardson Sarah Ashton Michael Ford Brigitte Menzel Stephen Rockel Ayuk Enow Augustine Philippe Auzel

Samantha Forusz Feltz Gaetan

Constance Miksits Josephine F. Milburn

Jenae Roscoe Victoria L. Rovine

Joshua Adekunle Awosan J. B. Gewald Terry L. Miller Dunahm Rowley K. C. Prince Asagwara Rhonda M. Gillett Roberta Balstad Miller Charles Rwabukwali Suzanne Bach LGirshman Charles K. Mironko Elizabeth Sandager PeterBakka Edward Glab Laura Mitchell Marina Santoru Hannah Baldwin Ulla Godtfredsen Susanne D. Moeller Emmett Schaefer Robert Barnett Marina Gorton Olugbemi Moloye Andy Schultheiss Heike Behread Sandra Gray Abubakar Momoh Rusima C. Sebuharara Joyce Millen Bendremer Adam Mahomed Habib Ambrose Adikamkwu Monye RopoSekoni Legrace Benson Berhe Habte-Giorgis T. Dunbar Moodie Pekka Seppala Gale Clark &: Jane Alison Hale Giles Moman Zewelanji Serpell

Annalisa Berggren Tshehai Berhane-Selassie

Holger Bernt Hansen Rebecca Hardin

Anthea Morrison Anna Moudjana

Julianne Short Michael Short

BarryBerk Elizabeth L Hart Abdul Raufu Mustapha William Slaymaker Aimee Bessire A. Louis Helling Diana Baird N'Diaye Nicole Alice Sindzingre RoryBester Kate Hemion Timothy J. Neill John Victor Singler Henry Christian Bierwirth Kevin Hill August Nimtz Steve Smith

\' Beverly Blacksher Gary Bogle Z. A. Bonat

Barbara Holecek Y. B. Holly Barbara J. Huff

Esther Njiro Haldor J. Noss Chidiebere A. Nwaubani

Kathleen R. Smythe Genese Marie Sodikoff Gueye Souleymane

Inge Brinkman Howard R. Brooks

Abuel Gasim A. Idris Joseph E. Inikori

Ellen Nyahwihwiri Wellington Nyangoni

Christopher Stein Kiflu Tadesse

Carolyn A. Brown Taddia Irma Jill A. Nystrom Rick Tange Ernest Brown Mustafa Ismail Onaiwu W. Ogbomo Bruce J. Taylor Davis Bullwinkle Carl James Akinwumi Ogundiran Raymond Taylor Agnes Callamard Helen L. Callaway Herschelle Challenor

Vernon Jarrett Howard Jeter Manuel Jordan

John R. O. Ojo Obiora Chinedu Okafor Takashi Okakura

Roy Teixeira Diane J. Thram Per Tidemand

Steven E. Clinkenbeard Kristin Kalla Asenath Okal Kazah Toure Francis Conant Almami Cyllah Steve Visa Daniel

Temma Kaplan Joe Keiderling Nelson W. Keith

Otieno J. Okatch Kwame Okoampa-Ahoofe, Jr. Festus Okoye

Terisa E. Turner Anke van der K waak Jennifer Vigil

Kwaku Danso-Boafo James P. Ketterer TonieOkpe Brian Vivian Hevina Dashwood Edward Khidou-Makubuya Elizabeth Olana James A. Wallace

April/June 1994

Elizabeth Wamba Burhaan Warsame Elizabeth Weston Lany C. Williamson John Warford Katja Werthmann Frances E. Wildeboor Justin Willis

N. Brian Winchester

NEW LIFETIME MEMBERS Susan H. Broadhead John M. Lonsdale

WE THANK ASA ENDOWMENT DONORS (who contributed between December 1 and March 1)

Donors Tavy D. Aherne Jean Allman Nancy Ambruster Mary Jo Arnoldi Eric J. Arnould Helen Ruth Aspaas Paul Bernabeo Monica Van Beusekom David A. Binkley Catherine Camp Boyle Norbert Brockman George E. Brooks Linda Bucher Roger Tangri &

Judy Butterman Thomas Callaghy S. Terry Childs Herbert M. Cole David C. Conrad Kristy D. Cook Justine M. Cordwell John M. D. Crossey Eugene De Benko

Special Donors Margaret L. Bates EdnaG. Bay Joseph E. Black Patricia Darish Marion Doro

William J. Dewey Susan E. Diduk Henry Drewal Carol Eastman William B. Edmondson Risa Ellovich Verne Fjermestad & Bruce Fetter Kathryn Firrnin- Sellers Karen Flint Charles Geshekter James Lowell Gibbs Abe Goldman Jean E. Meeh Gosebrink Albert L. Gray Stephen G. Haar Mary Haugh Margaret Jean Hay Kate Hemion Abannik Hino Bonnie K. Holcomb Allen Howard Curtis E. Huff

Eugenia Herbert GoranHyden Ivan Karp

Abiola lrele Shaun Irlam M. Carol Jaenson Sheridan W. Johns m Alfred Kagan Curtis & Karen Keirn Marie Helene A. Konan-Cox Jeanne Koopman Olga F. Linares Kristin Mann William G. Martin Micheline Rice Maximin David Chioni Moore Robert & Mildred Mortimer Fred Morton Jack H. Mower Heidi JNast Peter Nazareth Jack Parson B. Marie Perinbam Lucie Colvin Phillips Elisha Renne Michael Roth

Frank A. Salamone David P. Sandgren Margaret O. Saunders James R. Scarritt Laurence D. Schiller Edwin S. Segal Peter 5.eitel Mette Shayne Janet Stanley AlonzoT.&

Dorothy A. Stephens Margaret Strobel Jo M. Sullivan Barbara P. Thomas- Slayter Julius Eric Thompson Stephens P. Tucker Thomas Turner Daniel Volman Burhaan Warsame David R. Woods Jennifer J. Yanco Sherilynn Young I. W. Zartman Eleanor E. Zeff

Isaac J. Mowoe Dorothy R. Niekamp Wolf Roder

Milton & Judith Krieger Ann & Robert Seidman Charles L. Merwin Gretchen Walsh

Contributing in memory of Gerald Hartwig Patricia Darish & David Binkley Abannik Hino Margaret Jean Hay

April/June 1994

Corrections to Provisional Minutes Board of Directors Meeting Tuesday, December 7, 9am-2pm The Westin Hotel, Copley Place, Boston MA

The list of those present should read:

Present: Directors Edward Alpers (chair), Goran Hyden, David Robinson, Donald Crummey, Cheryl Johnson-Odim, Gwendolyn Mikell, Jack Parson, Gretchen Walsh, V. Y. Mudimbe, Carolyn Brown, Nancy Schmidt, Robert Bates, David Iyam (Assoc. Dir.), Joseph Miller (Treasurer), Sheridan Johns (AASP representa­tive). Guests: Robert lJlGamma, Curtis Huff, Daniel Whitman, Jane Guyer, Paul Lavejoy, Simon Ottenberg, David Newbury, Margot Lavett, Judith Byfield, Maureen Eke, Bill Martin, Rich­ard Chowning.

Item number two should read:

2. Committee Assignments Edward Alpers announced the following Committee Assign­

ments: Executive - Edward Alpers (chair), Goran Hyden, Gwendolyn Mi­kell, and Carolyn Brown, Robert Bates Nominating - Goran Hyden (chair), Jack Parson, Cheryl Johnson­Odim, and Carolyn Brown Publications - David Robinson (chair), Gretchen Walsh, Nancy Schmidt, and V.Y. Mudimbe Development - Gretchen Walsh (chair), Donald Crummey, V.Y. Mudimbe, Goran Hyden, David Robinson, Edward Alpers Finance - Gwendolyn Mikell (chair), Jack Parson, Robert Bates Annual Meetings Committee - Donald Crummey, (chair), Cheryl Johnson-Odim, and Nancy Schmidt.

Sho leu akukwatsa engabo takworeka mikingire yaayo.

~ourfather just gives you the shield. Don't expect him to show you how to use it.

CANADIAN VISITOR INFORMATION The 1994 ASA Annual Meeting will be held 3-6

November in Toronto, Canada. The following Canadian visitor information was provided by the Canadian Embassy in Washin,gton, DC and is current as of 10 January 1994. For clarification or further information, contact the Canadian embassy or consulate in your home country. ASA is unable to assist meeting participants with travel documentation and arrangements.

Entry into Canada -From the US

Citizens or permanent residents of the US do not re­, I. quire passports or visas and can usually cross the US­

!. Canada border without difficulty or delay. However, to as­sist officers in speeding the crossing, and particularly to re­enter the US, native-born US citizens should carry some identification papers showing their citizenship, such as a birth, baptismal or voter's certificate. Proof of residence may also be required. Naturalized US citizens should carry a naturalization certificate or some other evidence of citi­zenship. Permanent residents of the US who are not US cit­izens are advised to carry their Resident Alien Card (US Form 1-151 or Form 1-551).

Residents of the US who carry a Temporary Resident Card (Form 1688) or Employment Authorization Card (I688A or 1688B) are not considered to be permanent resi­dents of the US. These persons require a passport for travel

to Canada and may require a visitor's visa. Visitors' visas for entry into Canada must be obtained at a Canadian con­sulate outside Canada and cannot be obtained at the bor­der.

Persons under 18 years of age who are not accompa­nied by their parents should bring a letter from a parent or guardian giving them permission to travel to Canada. Proving legal guardianship can often cause unnecessary delays at the border.

-From other countries via the US All persons other than US citizens or legal, permanent

residents of the US require a valid passport or an accepta­ble travel document. Some persons require a visa to enter Canada. Visitors should direct their enquiries regarding visa requirements and valid travel documents to the Cana­dian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate in their home country before departure for the US. Applications for visitors' visas made to the Canadian Embassy or Con­sulates in the US may result in delays.

Foreign students and workers in the US may encounter difficulties entering Canada without their passport and a Canadian visitor's visa if they are from a visa-required country. Their status in the US does not confer any status in Canada or give them the right to re-enter the US.

AprillJune 1994

Canadian Visitor Visa Exempt List Citizens of the following countries do not require a visa to visit or transit through Canada. They do require authoriza­

tion to work or study in Canada. This list changes from time to time. Contact a Canadian consulate or embassy for the most up-to-date information. If you are a citizen of a country not listed below you require a Canadian visitor visa.

1) Andorra Germany Antigua & Barbuda Greece Australia Grenada Bahamas Iceland Barbados Ireland

Israel....Belgium Belize Italy Botswana Japan Brunei Kiribati Costa Rica Lesotho Cyprus Liechtenstein Denmark Luxembourg Dominica Malawi Finland Malaysia France Malta

Mexico Monaco Namibia Nauru Netherlands New Zealand Norway Papua New Guinea Paraguay St. Kitts & Neyis St. Lucia St. Vincent San Marino Saudi Arabia Seychelles Republic

Singapore Spain Surinam Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Tonga Tuvalu United Kingdom United States" Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela Western Samoa Zambia Zimbabwe

2) British citizens and British overseas citizens who are readmissi­ble to the United Kingdom.

3) British dependent territories citizens from Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gi­braltar, Hong Kong, Montserrat, Pitcairn, St. Helena, or the Turks and Caicos Islands.

4) Persons holding passports or travel documents issued by the Holy See.

5) US Permanent Residents, Le. holders of US Alien Registration Cards (Form 1-551).

6) Holders of US Temporary Resident Card (Form 1-688) with the following notation on the back:

"Temporary evidence of lawful admission for permanent residence and employment authorized. Valid for one year from the expiration date on the reverse of this 1-688. Valid for travel outside the United States if the named bearer has not abandoned his or her residence and is returning after a temporary absence abroad not exceeding one year. Presentation of a valid document will authorize a transportation line to accept the named bearer on board for travel to the US without liability under Sec­tion 273 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. This card is void if al­tered and must be carried at all times."

7) Persons who have been granted "Advanced Parole" to the US (Form 1-512) who are in possession of a letter from a US Con­sulate in Canada inviting them to an interview concerning their American immigration application.

8) Persons holding passports containing a valid and subSisting "Diplomatic Acceptance," "Consular Acceptance" or "Official Acceptance" stamp issued by the Chief of Protocol for the De­partment of External Affairs on behalf of the Government of Canada.

9) Nationals of the US and persons lawfully admitted to the US for permanent residence.

10) Persons in possession of .valid and subsisting student author­izations or employment authorizations seeking to return as visitors to Canada from the US or St. Pierre and Miquelon where the authorizations were issued prior to the departure of those persons from Canada.

11) Persons visiting Canada who, during that visit, also visit the US or St. Pierre and Miquelon and return to Canada therefrom as visitors within the period authorized on their initial entry or any extension thereto.

• The people of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands are non-voting US citizens and are visa exempt. Resi­dents of American Samoa and Palau are US nationals and are visa exempt. The Marshall Islands and Micronesia concluded Compacts of Free Association with the United States in 1986. These islands thus became self­governing. Residents of the Marshall Islands and Micronesia are neither US citizens nor US nationals and require visitor Visas. .. Except those holding the orange Israeli Travel Document in Lieu of National passport.

Canadian Consulate Telephone Numbers Buffalo 716-852-1247 Washington, DC Detroit

202-682-1740 313-567-2340 Akacuba kaawe niko kizkumara enkari.

Los Angeles New York

213-687-7432 212-596-1600 You urinate at ease only in your own pot.

Seattle 206-443-1372

April/June 1994

I !

J

I

1994 ASA Elections The following persons have been nominated for officers of the Association and members of the Boord of Directors. A ballot for the election has been inserted in copies of the newsletter sent to 1994 individual members. Ballots must be mailed to the secretariat offices no later than June 30,1994.

Vice PresidentlPresident Elect Iris Berger (History, SUNY at Albany) Abena Busia «Literature, Rutgers University)

Directors Sondra Hale (Anthropology, UCLA and California State at

Northridge) Robert Harms (History, Yale University) Isidore Okpewho (Literature, SUNY at Binghamton) Marina Ottaway (Political Science, Georgetown

University) William Siegmann (Arts, The Brooklyn Museum and Pratt

Institute) Louis Wilson (History, Smith College)

Iris Berger Biographical Information

Present position: Professor of History, Africana Studies and Women's Studies and Director, Institute for Research on Women, University at Albany, State University of New York.

Education: BA, University of Michigan (1963); MA (1967) and PhD (1973), University of Wisconsin.

Other appointments and awards: Visiting Scholar, Joint Center for African Studies, University of California, Berke­ly and Stanford University (fall, 1993); SSRC, Joint Com~ mittee on African Studies, Research Fellowship (1990); The Rockefeller Foundation (Gender Roles Program) Research Fellowship (1987); NEH Fellowship for Independent Study and Research (19~1987); annual book award from the Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre Mer for Relig~ ion and Resistance: East African Kingdoms in the Precolo~ nial Period (1982); SSRC, Joint Committee on African Stud~ ies, Research Fellowship (1980~81); NEH, Fellowship for College Teachers (1979-80); Research Associate, African Studies Center, Boston University (1979~81); State Univer~ sity of New York at Oneonta (1972~75, 1976-79); Wellesley College (1975~76); Machakos Girls' High School, Kenya (1963~).

Major publications: Threads of Solidarity: Women in South African Industry, 1900-90 (1992); Women and Class in Africa, co~itor (1986); Religion and Resistance: East African King­doms in the Precolonial Period (1981); African Kingdoms in the Precolonial Period (1981); "Fertility as Power: Spirit Medi­ums, Priestesses and the State," in Seers, Prophets and Prophecy in East African History, eds. David Anderson and Douglas Johnson (1994); "Categories and Context: Reflec­

tions on the Politics of Identity in South Africa," Feminist Studies (1992); "Gender, Race, and Political Empowerment: South African Canning Workers, 1940~1960," Gender and Society (1990); "Gender and Working-Class History: South Africa in Comparative Perspective," Journal of Women's History (1989); "Women of Sub~Saharan Africa: Eastern and Southern Africa," eds. Cheryl Johnson-Odim and Mar­garet Strobel, Restoring Women to History: Women in the His­tory of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Middle East (1990); "Solidarity Fragmented: Garment Workers of the Transvaal, 1930-1960," eds. Shula Marks and Stanley Trapido, The Politics of Race, Class and National­ism in Twentieth-Century South Africa (1987); "Whose Past? Perspectives on African Women's History," Issue (1985); "Sources of Class Consciousness: South African Women in Recent Labor Struggles," International Journal of African His­torical Studies (1983); "Deities, Dynasties and Oral Tradi­tion: The History and Legend of the Abacwezi," ed. Joseph Miller, The African Past Spruks (1980); "Rebels or Status Seekers? Women as Spirit Mediums in East Africa," eds., Nancy Hafkin and Edna Bay, Women in Africa: Studies in Social and Economic Change (1976).

Professional Activities (selected): Fulbright A wards Committee (1992-95); SSRC, Selection Committee for Inter­national Doctoral Research Fellowships (1994); co~itor, Signs special issue on postcolonial feminisms (1993-94); American Historical Association, Committee on Women Historians (1993-96); co~itor, African Economic History (1989-91); African Studies Association, Board of Directors (1987-90); Steering Committee, ASA Women's Caucus (1986-88).

Research interests: Women and gender in South African history; South African labor history; gender politics in con­temporary South Africa; disciplinary representations of Af­rican women; reconstructing precolonial women's history.

Statement of Candidacy As a professional organization of area studies special­

ists, the African Studies Association has a dual role: to pro­mote scholarship and teaching on Africa and to foster greater public awareness and knowledge of the African continent, past and present. Fulfilling this role requires a continual commitment to many of the ASA's past goals, while also seeking new and innovative ways to meet the challenges that the post-Cold War international climate brings to the study and understanding of Africa. Critical is­sues for the association include: 1) Reaffirming and strengthening ties with African schol­

April/June 1994

ars and scholarly associations. While seeking ways to insure continued funding for

our current African visitors' program, I also would work to develop new, mutually beneficial relationships with col­leagues in Africa, encouraging joint research projects, en­listing publishers as well as individuals to address the book famine in Africa, and continuing to work against as­pects of the Boren Bill that jeopardize not only US scholars, but our African hosts. 2) Stengthening African Studies at all levels of the educa­tional system.

In addition to providing a forum for university­centered teaching and research and continuing to support the outreach activities of funded centers, the ASA might do more to facilitate outreach by other institutions and to in­volve a larger number of high school teachers in the associ­ation. As the secondary school social studies curriculum develops a more global emphasis, it is essential that teach­ers have access to up-to-date material about the African continent.

In order to achieve this objective, I would encourage the ASA press to become more involved in publishing materi­als geared toward curriculum development and change at all educational levels. In addition to addressing the needs of global studies teachers, some possible areas might be: integrating African Americans into African history cours­es, Afrocentricity and African studies, and integrating women and gender into disiplinary African studies cours­es. 3) Strengthening the African Studies Association.

A necessary prerequisite for new initiatives is to contin­ue to diverSify the membership and leadership of the ASA by race and gender, to encourage greater involvement of graduate students in the organization, to find new ways for the Boards to maintain ongoing comunication with the membership, and to insure effective working relationships with the constituent groups of the association. Critical also is the need to continue vigorous fund-raising efforts and to address the organization's current deficit.

Abena Busia Biographical Information

Education: BA (Oxon) English Language and Literature St. Anne's College, 1976. D. Phil (Oxon) Social Anthropolo­gy, St. Antony's College 1984. Faculty member, English, Women's Studies and Comparative Literature, Rutgers University, since 1981, Associate Professor since 1988. Pub­lications include poetry and numerous articles on black world litertature and colonial discourse including Theoriz­ing Black Feminisms, edited with Stanlie James (1993), and Testimonies of Exile, a volume of poems (1990).

Statement of Candidacy One day in the summer of 1979, visiting the campus at

ApriIlJune 1994

Brandeis, I stumbled into a large barrack-like warehouse presided over by a genie who dazzled me with the wealth of information about Africa he had stored there. ASA occa­sional papers, erudite publications, astounding bibliogra­phies. I joined up on the spot. Over the years I have known four different executive secretaries in three locations. If to­day I am just a little less dazzled, it is only because time has bred the comfort of familiarity. I have many of those books on my shelf, well worn, their authors my colleagues and friends.

I feel I have grown with this association, and have been proud to serve it in many ways, as a book reviewer and lat­er Board member of African Studies Review, as a member of nominations and distinguished Africanist committees, and as a Board member.

If elected I will be happy to continue serving. As some­one whose disipIines span the humanities and social sci­ences, I would be pleased to encourage that disciplinary re­lationship that makes this association strong. In our changing wor:ld we must work for greater cooperation be­tween activists and scholars, traditionalists and revisionists in our multitude of disciplines, for i~ this way, African studies can show the way to think about and build a trans­formed comunity. The world of ideas in action matters, or we would none of us be educators. And, in this respect we must make ever greater efforts to centralize the works of African scholars and artists who live out their daily lives on the continent in our creation of new visions.

Sondra Hale Biographical Information

For the last seven years I have taught at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Currently I am an Ad­junct Associate Professor of Anthropology and Women's Studies and a Research Scholar at the Center for the Study of Women. I am also Chair of the newly-established Wom­en's Studies Department, California State UniverSity, Northridge (CSUN). Although I had my hands full teach­ing at UCLA, I was persuaded to take the position at CSUN as a kind of trouble-shooter, someone who would diversify and internatiol.lalize the faculty and curriculum. This has been a major theme in my work and personal life, along with the search for the intersections of race, class, and gender.

My graduate degrees are from UCLA in African Studies (MA, 1967) and Anthropology (PhD, 1979), specializing in political theory (marxism), urban, and aesthetic. While a graduate student at UCLA in the radical sixties, I helped found the African Activist Association and was a founding editor of UFAHAMU, probably the longest-lived radical student journal of Africa in the country (first issue 1970).

My research has been in Sudan and Egypt, with some

work in the Hom; I was in Sudan from 1961-64, 1966, 1971­72,1973-75,1981, and 1988, a total of six years, spanning some thirty-three, clearly a life-time commitment. My work, funded by Fulbright-Hays, American Research Cen­ter in Egypt, American Association of University Women, National Endowment for the Humanities, among others, deals with the construction of ethnicity and identity poli­tics in nothern Sudan.

Early on I published many articles on Nubian politics, ethnicity, and urban adaptability, the subjects of my disser­tation. My emphasis began to shift to the uses and abuses of culture by political groups -both the left and the right-mainly as these processes affect women. Most re­cently I have been working on the Islamist struggle in Su­dan and the issue of "authentic culture," its use as resis­tance, and the central position of women in this strategy. Recent articles include "Gender, Religious Identity, and Political Mobilization in Sudan," in Identity Politics and Women (1994); "Transforming Culture or Fostering Second­Hand Consciousness?" in Women in Arab Society (1993); ''The Rise of Islam and Women of the National Islamic Front in Sudan," ROAPE (1992); and "Feminist Meth­od...Interviewing Sudanese Women," in Women's Words (1991). My book manuscript Socialism, Islam ism, and Gender Politics in Sudan has been submitted for publication.

Statement of Candidacy It was around the time of the ASA meetings in Mon­

treal in the late sixties that I became disenchanted with the African Studies Association, finding it (governance and membership) too white, male, tied to government funding, and not concerned enough with African interests. I wanted an association run by Africans and people of African de­scent. Another problem was the extent to which my re­search area, Sudan (and the rest of North Africa), was ne­glected. The upshot was that I withdrew from the ASA, and in all these intervening years gave only one ASA

I paper on a panel comprised mainly of Africans and Afri­can Americans. I found the Middle East Studies Associa­tion (MESA) more amenable to lots of what I stood for:

1

Middle Easterners were more central; there emerged a very active Association of Middle Eastern Women's Stud­1

! ies; and Sudan was of more interest to the association. I've ~,

been very active in MESA, but there is something uncom­fortable about referring to Sudan as "Middle East." Be­sides, I miss being in the heart of African studies. When I was invited back, with assurances that this is a much changed association, I grabbed the chance. And now I would like to be as active in ASA as I was in MESA.

My concerns and interests were already telegraphed in the preceding section. I want to put my energy into an ASA that is an active advocate for Africa, encourages more African scholars to participate and govern, and takes a more pro-active stance toward issues of concern to Afri­

cans. I want to help build an even stronger Women's Cau­cus, be an advocate for more women in governance, and help develop more emphasis on gender research. Lastly, I would work to see that ASA exhibits greater sensitivity to funding for African studies (e.g. Boren Bill).

Robert Harms Biographical Information

I am presently Professor of History at Yale University and an affiliate of its African Studies Program. My teach­ing responsibilites include African History, Environmental History, and Agrarian History. While teaching in a high school in eastern Zaire (1969-71), I decided to pursue grad­uate studies in African History. I received my PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1978 after an ex­tended period of field research in Zaire (1975-76). I have taught African History at the University of California, Berkeley (1979), and Yale (since 1979). I recently spent a year as a Fulbright teacher /researcher at the University of Conakry, Guinea (1991-92).

One of my academic priOrities at Yale has been to en­courage inter-disciplinary study of Africa. To that end I have served as Director of the African Studies Program (1988-91) and Acting Director of the Southern African Re­search Program (1988-89). I also believe that Africanists have a great deal to offer to discussions of global issues. Since 1989 I have been active in the Agrarian Societies Pro­gram (I will serve as its Acting Director for 1994-95), and I have also worked with the Environmental Studies Pro­gram to provide an Africanist perspective on environmen­tal issues. As a historian, I am participating in discussions on how to make Africa more visible in world history cours­es.

A major concern of my research and writing has been how ordinary people in rural Africa participate in, and are affected by, larger trends and issues. In River of Wealth, River of Sorraw (1981) I explored the impact of the slave and ivory trades on the people of the Middle Zaire River. In Games Against Nature (1987) I examined how people's in­teractions with their environment changed over time. My current research in Guinea seeks to understand transfor­mations of the agrarian countrySide under colonial rule. All of these projects also help to fulfill a second concern of mine, which is to increase the understanding of areas of Africa that are under-represented in the literature.

Statement of Candidacy With the end of the cold war and the fading of apart­

heid in South Africa, there is an increasing danger that offi­cial, public, and academic interest in Africa will wane. The challenge we all face on our campuses is to promote inter­est in Africa among our students, the public, and policy makers. The ASA can aid this effort in several ways.

April/June 1994

First, Africanists located in the United States need to keep abreast of current discourses and debates among Af­rican scholars. The ASA must continue and expand the in­ternational visitors program to bring more African scholars to the annual meetings and make them available to visit American campuses. This dialogue is crucial if American scholars are to keep in touch with changing African reali­ties.

Secondly, as an inter-disciplinary organization, ASA should encourage greater inter-disciplinary discussion of issues related to Africa's past and present. We need to be a united organization, not just a collection of separate con­stituencies. I favor the creation of more explicitly inter­disciplinary panels at the annual meeting.

Thirdly, the insights gained from Africanist discussions need to percolate into global debates. The peoples of East­ern Europe and Central Asia, for example, could learn a great deal from Africans about constructing and managing ethnicity; Africa's recent experiences with structural ad­justment are highly relevant to current planning in Russia; and African farmers could teach American farmers a great deal about minimal tillage farming. The ASA should seek ways to create bridges between Africanist discourses in re­lation to other parts of the world.

The ASA must continue its efforts to move the adminis­tration of the Boren Bill out of the Department of Defense. At the same time, we must support and encourage efforts among univerisities with smaller programs and the histori­cally black universities to build up their African studies program. We need to continue to speak out on policy is­sues concerning Africa.

Isidore Okpewho Biographical Information

After graduating BA Honors Classics (1964) from Iba­dan, I worked as a book editor and publisher for nearly eight years in Nigeria. I quit publishing without any clear plans for the future. Having had a first novel published, I simply took Zeke Mphahlele's offer to come to the Univer­sity of Denver and pursue a PhD in Creative Writing, but soon after, on wiser counsel, switched to Comparative lit­erature.

In 1976 I returned to teach at Ibadan, becoming Chair of English (1987-90). There I refined my doctoral thesis, with further study and fieldwork, into my first scholarly book, The Epic in Africa (1979). Over the years, four other books of cognate interest have followed, in between sabbatical stints as a Wilson Fellow in Washington, DC (1982-83) and Visiting Professor of English at Harvard (1990-91). In 1991, I was appointed Chair of Afro-American and African Stud­ies at SUNY Binghamton, and decided to relocate with my family.

April/Tune 1994

My main field of study has been African oral literature, but my approach has been comparative in the broadest sense. At the moment, I am pursuing two lines of investi­gation. In one, I am probing the relations between African American and African oral traditions in such a way as to balance the claims of derivation from Africa with the record of self-fashioning in America. In the other, I am fol­lowing leads from Diop and Bernal in investigating wheth­er ancient Egypt had anything to do with the amazing sim­ilarities between certain poetic traditions of the Hellenistic world and some sub-Saharan African societies.

Working in the academy has forced me to justify myself as a scholar. But far from losing my interest in writing fic­tion, I have recently returned to it with a third novel, Tides (1993), which gratified me with a Commonwealth literary prize. Of the two books that I am currently completing, one is a fourth novel in which I am finally happy of an op­portunity to unite my creative with my scholarly interests. I also remain pleased to be helping the promotion of stud­ies in folklore and African literature by membership of sev­eral professional bodies (ASA, ALA, AFS, etc.) and the edi­torial boards of various journals (Research in African Literatures, Oral Tradition, etc.).

Statement of Candidacy I suspect I speak for many other professional scholars

who, like me, were forced by unavoidable circumstances to leave Africa when I say that the ASA should work harder to reach out to colleagues and institutions in Africa that are suffering from the decline in the social, political, and eco­nomic conditions of the continent. University libraries and bookstores, as well as ma.ny profeSSional organizations out there, are severely impoverished in resources and in spirit and consequently are incapable of keeping up the level of dialogue with their counterparts elsewhere, for which they were known in better times. I am equally thrilled by the prospect of a fuller readmission of South Africa into the in­ternational scholarly community, and hope the ASA will playa prominent role in helping especially African schol­ars there make up for lost opportunities. Finally, the con­tinued intellectual separation of Africans from their kin in the diaspora has never made sense. An investigation of the reallinks--as well as breaks--between black peoples on both sides of the Atlantic is in every conceivable way rele­vant to our understanding of the societies among whom history has brought them to live. These are three of the ini­tiatives I would like to help the ASA pursue.

Marina S. Ottaway Biographical Information

I have spent a large part of my working life in Africa, mostly teaching in universities there. I have lived in Alge­ria (1965-66), Ethiopia (1974-77), Zambia (1977-79), Egypt

(1981-85), and South Africa (1990-92). I have taught in all these countries except Algeria.

The Algeria of the mid-1960s was a hotbed for radical movements from the entire continent. My stay there marked the beginning of a long-lasting interest in revolu­tionary transformation and socialist regimes-I have writ­ten on Algeria (Algeria: The Politics ofa Socialist Revolution, with David Ottaway), Ethiopia (Ethiopia: Empire in Revolu­tion, with David Ottaway), the Horn of Africa (Soviet and American Influence on the Horn of Africa) and the African Marxist regimes (Afrocommunism, with David Ottaway). The two years in South Africa recently were a strong re­minder about how much things have changed in the last ten years in Africa-Mandela, imprisoned at a time when even Western governments were inclined to accept the ne­cessity for single-party systems and state intervention in the economy in Africa, was released in a world dominated by a new orthodoxy about democratization and market economy. The faith in the possibility of nation-building has also decreased in this period, and ethnic divisions and con­flict loom as a larger problem. The stay in South Africa re­sulted in a book on the transition (South Africa: The Strug­gle for a New Order). I am now trying to follow up on these ideas while working on issues concerning democrati­zation and ethnic conflict.

I completed a PhD in political sociology at Columbia University in 1974, but my academic career in the United States has been very irregular. In the intervals between pe­riods in Africa, I taught in Washington, DC, mostly as an adjunct professor at the Johns Hopkins University School for Advanced International Studies and at American Uni­versity. I also spent a year at the Woodrow Wilson Interna­tional Center for Scholars in 1979-80. I am currently a visit­ing professor in the School of Foreign Service at

I \ Georgetown University and also a visiting fellow at the

Overseas Development Council. I intend to remain in the 1 United States on a more regular basis in the future.

Statement of Candidacy I would like to see the ASA focus on two challenges: 1) To sustain interest in Africa in American universities,

I research institutions and among policy-makers. I think it is becoming increasingly important to link issues concerning Africa to those concerning other parts of the world, both1 because Africa is not isolated from broader trends and be­cause the perceived marginality of the continent, very evi­dent in Washington, may make it very difficult to keep Af­rican issues on the agenda unless they are put in a broader context.

2) To help stem the African brain drain by helping Afri­can scholars who go back to their countries stay in touch with developments in their field and continue their train­ing. This could help African educational institutions be­come less dependent on expatriates like me and develop

curricula and research agendas that reflect African priori­ties.

William C. Siegmann Biographical Inform~tion

I am currently Curator of the Arts of Africa and the Pa­cific and Acting Chair of the Department of the Arts of Af­rica, the Pacific, and the Americas at The Brooklyn Mu­seum as well as Adjunct Professor of African art at Pratt Institute. In the past, I held positions at the Fine Arts Mu­seum of San Francisco and the Museum of African Art of the Society of African Missions.

Although I have worked in history, anthropology, and African art, my professional interests are in art history and museology. I was an undergraduare studying for a BA in European history when these interests began to emerge through course work at the University of Minnesota. I joined the Peace Corps and was assigned to teach history at Cuttington University College in Liberia. It was during my three and one half years there as a volunteer that my interests became my passions and subsequently, my ca­reer. Together with Molai Reeves I developed the first Af­rican history courses offered in a Liberian university. In addition, I became fascinated with African art and estab­lished the Africana Museum at Cuttington.

I returned to the United States to go forward with my studies in African art and history at Indiana University where I completed my MA (1970) and ABD (1973). I then went back to Liberia for doctoral dissertation research un­der an NEA grant and since then have held two Fulbright lectureships (Liberia, 1974-76 and Liberia, 1984-8n numer­ous research grants (Smithsonian Institution/1968, NEH/ 1979-81, NEA/1992-94), grants for exhibits (NEA and New York State Council on the Arts/1988, 1989, 1990t as well as fellowships and awards from Georgia and Virginia State Councils on the Arts, the Deutches Akademisches A us­tausch Dienst, and UNESCO.

Among my publications are An Ethnographic Survey of ISoutheilstern Liberia, Report on the Bassa; numerous exhibi­tion and collection catalogues and entries including Rock of the Ancestors, Ngamoa Koni, African Sculpture from the Collec­tion of the Society of African Missions; chapters on the arts of the Guinea coast in African Art from the Collections of the Barbier Mueller Museum; and articles such as "Patchwork Gowns as State Regalia in Western Liberia", in Beate Eng­lebrecht and Bernard Gardi, Man Does not Go Naked; "Spirit Manifestation and the Poro Society," Ethnologishe Zeitschrift Zurich; "Men's Masquerades of Sierra Leone and Liberia," Ethnologishe Zeitschrift Zurich and African Arts.

My original work in establishing the Cuttington Uni­versity Museum led to organizing the National Museum of Liberia and more recently to the training of museum per­sonnel in Gabon, Sao Tome and Guyana.

April/June1994

I was a founding member and sat on the board of the Liberian Studies Association and am active in ACASA and MANSA. I was also a co-founder of Liberia Watch, an or­ganization established to monitor issues related to the civil war in Liberia.

Statement of Candidacy The declining interest in Africa of the part on public

policy makers, the scarcity of resources within the academ­ic and not-for-profit institutions, and a largely negative im­age of Africa in popular media have profoundly and nega­tivley impacted academic and cultural institutions as well as public perception in the US. We must look for new ways to enhance public interest in Africa and at the same time build better ties between American and African insti­tutions.

As a board member I would explore new ways for ASA to strengthen linkages between institutions (including uni­versities and museums) of America and counterpart insti­tutions of Africa and the Africa diaspora. In particular, I believe ASA has a significant role to play in nurturing fur­ther interest in African studies in the Caribbean.

I also believe that there is a need for better relationships between the ASA parent organization and its affiliated and sponsored associations.

As a board member I would encourage all members of ASA to take a responsible and more active role in creating a better public understanding of events in Africa. I would also encourage the use of our knowledge and insights as an organization to shape a more positive policy on the part of the US government toward Africa and the African dias­pora.

Louis E. Wilson Biographical Information

Since 1989 I have been an Associate Professor of African and African American Studies History and Chair of the Department at Smith College in Northhampton, MA. Pre­vious positions: 1980-89, Assistant Professor and some­times Chair of Black Studies at the University of Colorado, Boulder; 1983-84, I was Senior Fulbright Professor of Histo­ry at the University of Ghana, Legon; 1976-1980, Assistant Professor at Oaremont Men's College in Oaremont, CA. My entire graduate education was at the University of Cal­ifornia, Los Angeles, where I concentrated on west African history.

My publications include 'The Evolution of Paramount Chiefs Among the Adangme in the Nineteenth Century: The Case of the Krobo:' Geneve-Afrique, Vol. 24, No.2 (1986); ''The Rise of Paramount Chiefs Among the Krobo (Ghana)," International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 20, No.3 (1987); "The Bloodless Conquest: The Huza

April/June 1994

and Territorial Expansion of the Krobo (Southeastern Gha­na) in the Nineteenth Century," International Journal of Afri­can Historical Studies, Vol. 23, No. 23 (1990); The Krobo People of Ghana to 1892: A Political, Social and Economic History, Ohio University Press, 1992. These works have attempted to understand how the Krobo and other Adangrne­speaking people came to form separate political entities and how the Krobo, the largest and most economically prominent of these Adangme, came to dominate the culti­vation and production of palm-oil in the nineteenth centu­ry.

More recently I have attempted to provide grade school teachers and students with a better understanding of Afri­can and African American history. Hence, I have co­authored ten social studies books as part of the Houghton Mifflin Social Studies K-8 school texts. These books, many of which have been adopted at the state or district level, have attempted to address the general lack of interest many African scholars have paid to teachers and students at the primary and secondary level.

Statement of Candidacy If elected to the Board of Directors my focus of interest

would include: 1. Continue the ASA's commitment to the highest schol­

arly goals and to the well being of the African peoples, 2. Increase the number and level of participation of Afri­

can Americans, women, and younger scholars, along with Africans inside and outside the United States,

3. Attempt to impress on the ASA and its members the importance of African scholars working at the K-12 level as well as with college materials, and

4. Expand or develop new ways by which the ASA can effectively assist in the development of African educational institu tions.

au otanywana nawe tomanyire ku ayenga amarungi.

Without befriending others you won't know who brews the best beer.

African Studies Review Thanks Reviewers The assistance of the following scholars, each of whom has reviewed one or more manuscripts for the African Studies Review this year, is greatly appreciated. -Mark W. DelAncey, Editor

Amoateng, Kofi James, Valentine Reed,Cyrus Allman, Jean Karp, Ivan Roberts, Allen Aspaas, Helen Kaufman, L.J. Robertson, Claire Austen, Ralph Keller, Edmond Robinson, David Bates, Robert Khadiagala, Gilbert Roder, Wolf Bennett, Colin Kieh, George Rothchild, Donald Ben-Amos, Dan Klein, Martin Salamone, Frank Boone, Catherine Kotey,Paul Samatar, Abdi Boyd, J. Barron Konings, Piet Schaefer, Charles Bradley, Candice Krieger, Milton Schatzberg, Michael Brautigam, Deborah Kriger, Norma Schiller, Laurence Breitborde, Lawrence Launay, Robert Schraeder, Peter Brunger, Scott Leighton, Neil Scott, Patrick Burham, Philip Leonard, David Segal, Aaron Cattell, Maria LeVine, Victor Seidman, Ann Chazan, Naomi Lewis, Herbert Shanklin, Eugenia Cobbe, James Lippert, Anne Shaw, Timothy Cokorinos, Lee Lodge, Tom Sheldon, Kathleen Coplan, David Lofchie, Michael Sicherman, Carol Copson, Raymond Love, Jan Siegel, Brian Courville, Cindy Loxley, John Sindima, Harrey Curtis, Fred Mc Clellan, Charles Smaldone, Joseph Diduk, Susan Mc Henry, Dean Soppelsa, Robert Dow, Merriam Mabbs-Zeno, Carl Sparks, David Drew, Allison Makward, Edris Staudt, Kathleen Dunn, D. Elwood Marenin, Otwin Stein, Howard Emeagwali, Gloria Markovitz, Irving Steiner, Christopher Epskamp, Kees Mazur, Robert Steinhart, Edward Faiola, Toyin Martin,Guy Sylvester, Christine Fatton, Robert Merryfield, Merry Suberu, Rotimi Fetter, Bruce Mittelman, James Turner, Thomas Fox, Robert Mogwe, Gaele Von Fremd, Sarah

I } Furlong, Patrick Mozaffar, Shaheen Van De Walle, Nicolas

Geiger, Susan Mudimbe, V.Y. Vermeer, Donald Glover, Kofi Mundt, Robert Warren, D.M. Geshekter, Charles Myers-Scotton, Carol Welch, Claude

I Gordon, April Newbury, Catherine Westley, David 1 Green, Kathryn Normandy, Elizabeth Widner, Jennifer

Guyer, Jane Nwankwo, Chimalum Winans, Edgar Hamer, John Nyang 'oro, Julius Wilson, Louis Harris, Katherine Ofcansky, Thomas Woliver, Laura Haugerud, AngeUque Omodele, Remi Woods, Dwayne Hegarty, George Orvis, Stephen Worger, William Herbst, Jefferey Osunde, Edgarton Wright, Stephen Hollos, Marida Ottenberg, Simon Wubneh, Mulatu Holm, John Owomoyela, Oyekan Winter-Nelson, Alex Holmquist, Frank Parpart, Jane Wunsch, James Howard, Rhoda Parson, Jack Zachernuk, Philip Hyden, Goran Rathgeber, Eva Zartman, I. William Ihonvbere, Julius

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ASA 1993 ANNUAL MEETING PAPERS The following list contains names of people who have submitted papers to be included in the meeting papers collection of the 36th

Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held 4-7 December 1993 in Boston. If you presented a paper and your name is not listed here, please send a copy of your paper to ASA, Emory University, Credit Union Bldg., Atlanta, GA 30322 by 27 May 1994 so that it can be included in the collection of last year's meeting papers.

Abarry, Abu S. Adato, Michelle Ahmed, Rakiya S. Asante, Molefi K. Bekerie, Ayele Bethel, Kathleen E. Bonnard, Patricia Burnham, Philip Campbell, Bonnie Carruthers, Jane Cattell, Maria G. Cobley, Alan G. Conte, Christopher A. Cordell, Dennis D. Due,JeanM. Ernstzen, June. Erkkila, Antti and Harri Siiskonen

Fermin-Sellers, Kathryn Frescura, Franco Frohne, Andrea E. Gelderblom, Derik Gewald, J. B. GiIlwald, Alison Grant, Miram Homewood, Katherine Iweriebor, Ehiedu E. Kagan, Alfred Kuntz, Patricia S. Lalonde, Andre and Gisele Morin-Labatut Lindeke, William A. Maclean, Sandra Mclain, Rebecca J. Mead, Donald C.

Morgenthau, Ruth S. Obot, Isidore S. and James T. Gire Okoampa-Ahoofe, Kwame Presler, Titus L. Rasmussen, Susan J. Rensburg, Ihron L. Roberts, Bruce D. Santoru, Marina E. Sarakinsky, Michael and Joe Campanella Serpell, Robert Shayne, Mette Spear, Thomas Takougang, Joseph Udogu, E. I. Weinstein, Norman C. Yorums, Gani J. Zaffiro, James J.

Etacwire kahangaterya jubwe.

The cow that has not explored new pastures does not find the fat grass.

ASA INVITES ORGANIZATIONS TO BECOME ASSOCIATES OR AFFILIATES

In May 1992, the Board of the ASA adopted a policy to recognize coordinate organizations of the Association. The Board now invites organizations with scholarly and profes­sional interests in Africa to become ASA Associates or Af­filiates.

ASA Associates are membership organizations whose membership rolls show at least one-third members who are simultaneously members of the ASA. Associates may have free space for a business meeting at the time of the ASA Annual Meeting and may submit sponsored panels for consideration of the Panels Commrnittee for the Annual Meeting program.

In contrast, ASA Affiliates are non-membership organi­zations. They too are provided free space for business meetings and may submit sponsored panels.

All panels submitted as sponsored panels are subject to the same deadlines and reviews by the Panels Committee as all non-sponsored panels. If accepted, however, they are listed in the final program as sponsored.

April/June 1994

Organizations that wish to become Associates or Affili­ates of the ASA are asked to write David Iyam, Associate Director, ASA, at the secretariat offices no later than June 1 to request 1993 recognition of their status. Please send the following information:

For potential Associates: 1) a list of 1992 members, 2) annual dues for individuals, 3) if there are no dues, application process for membership, 4) a list of current officers of the organization, 5) an indication of legal status <e.g. incorporated or not), 6) if incor­porated, tax status, date and state of incorporation, 7) mission statement or statement of purpose of the organization. For potential Affiliates: 1) a list of current officers of the organization, 2) an indication of legal status <e.g. incorporated or not), 3) if incorporated, tax status, date and state of incorporation, 4) mission statement or statement of purpose of the organization.

FUTURE MEETINGS & CALLS FOR PAPERS • In order to provide educators with up-to-date and in­depth information about the political, economic, and $0­

cial challenges facing Zimbabwe and the southern African region today, and to encourage the exchange of views be­tween American and Zimbabwean scholars, the Council on International Educational Exchange (CIEE) is offering an International Faculty Development Seminar titled, "Zimbabwe, South Africa and Southern Africa in the 1990's". The seminar, to be held in Harare 12-18 June 1994, will be hosted by the University of Zimbabwe.

Distinguished faculty from the University of Zimbab­we as well as business leaders, government officials, labor unionists, and representatives of African liberation move­ments will lead lecture and discussion sessions on: Zim­babwe's political system, economy, and foreign policy; hu­man rights and the state of academic freedom in Zimbabwe; gender roles in Zimbabwean society; regional security issues; and prospects for democracy in southern Africa. Lectures will be complemented by visits to the Great Zimbabwe Monument and to sites of cultural inter­est in Harare. In addition to lectures and site visits, semi­nar participants will have the opportunity to meet and ex­change ideas with local academic and political leaders.

The seminar in Zimbabwe, open to full-time college and university faculty and administrators from all disci­plines and administrative areas, is part of a series of Inter­national Faculty Development Seminars offered by CIEE.

For more information about International Faculty De­velopment Seminars, contact CIEE, Department of Profes­sional and Continuing Education Programs, 205 East 42nd St., New York, NY 10017, (212) 661-1414, ext. 1110, fax (212) 697-7235.

• The School of Education and the College of Arts and Sciences at New York University will be sponsoring "Fa­mine in the Media Age: The Politics of Aid and Represen­tation" Thursday, June 9 and Friday, June 10, 1994, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. each day, at New York University, Washington Square Campus.

This event examines the irnages that have come to de­fine famine in the media age. It examines not only media coverage but the individual and governmental responses such coverage has generated. Speakers include food aid specialists and policy makers, historians and cultural crit­ics, photographers and artists, educators and advocates, nutritionists and health advocates.

Registration will be $125. Discounts are available for early registrants, NYU alumni, students and groups.

For more information contact Sylvia Sukop, Conference Coordinator, at 212-998- 5094.

• The Southwest Historical Association will meet in con­junction with the Southwestern Social Science Association in Dallas, TX 22-25 March 1995. Proposals for papers or sessions in US history, European/Asian history, and Latin American/ African history should be sent to Professor Ho­ward Beeth, Dept. of History, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Ave., Houston, TX 770044. Proposals for complete sessions are especially encouraged, as are sugges­tions for interdisciplinary sessions, panels, and roundta­bles. The deadline for proposals is 1 October 1994. Paper prizes of $100 will be awarded in each of the three catego­ries.

• Michigan State University hosts the Twelfth Internation­al Conference on Ethiopian Studies (TICES) from 5-10 Sep­tember 1994. The conference theme is "Rethinking Ethio­pian Studies," and the organizing committee invites all interested scholars to participate. Papers in all fields are welcome: history, literature, art, music, performance, phi­losophy, SOciology, anthropology, political science, psy­chology, internal politics, international relations, adminis­tration, philology, linguistics, human resources, education, geography, climate, environment, development studies, ec­onomics, agriculture.

MSU Press will publish a 4-volume Papers of the Twelfth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies in advance of the conference, and a set will be included with each registration. Conference registration is $200 [student and daily rates to be announced later]. Those who wish to contribute papers to the pre-proceedings volume should submit hard copies and essays-on-disk before 1 May 1994. For an information packet, contact Dr. Harold Marcus, Convenor, TICES, Ethiopia Projects Office, 12 linton Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 .

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The~l~tIle_atfSoftM!'en~- . - .

AprillJune 1994

AWARDS & FELLOWSHIPS • The Translations Program of the National Endowment for the Humani­ties supports individuals or collabora­tions among scholars to translate into English works that are germane to the history, literature, philosophy, and ar­tistic achievements of other cultures, thereby making the thought and learning of those civilizations availa­ble to scholars, teachers, students, and the public. The program has support­ed a broad range of projects, includ­ing the translation of single works, the complete works of a particular writer, and anthologies. Translations of texts from virtually all of the European lan­guages have garnered support from the Endowment, as well as texts from vast array of languages-ancient and modem, Eastern and Western, oral and written. American citizens and in­stitutions and foreign nationals who have been living in the United States for at least three years are eligible to apply.

The next application deadline is 1 June 1994 for projects beginning after 1 April 1995. For more information call (202) 606-8207 or write to Transla­tions, Room 318, National Endow­ment for the Humanities, 1100 Penn­sylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20506; fax (202) 606-8204; E-mail nehres@gwuvm.gwu.edu.

• The National Research Council an­nounces the 1994 Resident, Coopera­tive, and Postdoctoral Research Asso­ciateship Programs to be conducted on behalf of federal agencies or re­search institutions whose 140 partici­pating research laboratories are locat­ed throughout the United States. The program provides opportunities for PhD scientists and engineers of unu­sual promise and ability to perform research on problems largely of their own choosing yet compatible with the research interests of the sponsoring la­

April/June 1994

boratory. Initiated in 1954, the Asso­ciateship Programs have contributed to the career development of over 7000 scientists ranging from recent PhD recipients to distinguished senior scientists.

ApprOximately 350 new full-time Associateships will be awarded on a competitive basis in 1994 for research in: chemistry, earth and atmospheric sciences; engineering and applied sci­ences; biological, health, and behav­ioral sciences and biotechnology; mathematics; space and planetary sci­ences; and physics. Most of the pro­grams are open to both US and non­US nationals, and to both recent PhD degree recipients and senior investi­gators. Awards are made for one or two years, renewable to a maximum of three years; senior applicants who have held the doctorate at least five years may request a shorter period. Annual stipends for recent PhDs for the 1994 program year range from $30,000 to $45,000 depending upon the sponsoring laboratory, and will be appropriately higher for senior Asso­ciates.

Applications submitted directly to the National Research Council are ac­cepted on a continuous basis through­out the year. Those postmarked no later than 15 April will be reviewed in June; and by 15 August in October. Initial awards will be announced in March and April-July and Novem­ber for the two later competitions­followed by awards to alternate can­didates later.

Information on specific research opportunities and participating feder­allaboratories, as well as application materials, may be obtained from the Associateship Programs.

• The National Endowment for the Humanties (NEH) seeks applications from the nation's precollegiate hu­

manities teachers who wish to under­take an academic year of full-time in­dependent study in history, literature, the classics, foreign languages, or oth­er disciplines of the humanities. An­nually, on 1 May, NEH accepts appli­cations for Teacher-Scholar awards. For guidelines and further informa­tion about the NEH Teacher-Scholar award, contact the National Endow­ment for the Humanities; Division of Education Programs, Room 302; 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW; Washing­ton, DC 20506. The telephone number is (202) 606-8377.

• A new $10,000 book award will rec­ognize the best w.ork received in Con­tinuum's principal publishing areas: religious studies, literature and the arts, psychology and social thought, and women's studies. Manuscripts that are interdisciplinary in nature and that offer innovative and theoreti­cal perspectives of wide-ranging cul­tural importance are the primary fo­cus of the award. Continuum will consider manuscripts for the award twice yearly: deadlines for receipts of completed manuscripts are 1 Febru­ary and 1 September; awards (if granted) will be announced 1 May andl December. Monies awarded represent an advance against royal­ties, and will be granted as often as a book is found to merit the award, but no more than once a year. Manu­scripts should be sent to Continuum Book Award at 370 Lexington Ave­nue, New York, NY 10017. Continu­um catalog available upon request.

• The SSRC-MacArthur Foundation Committee on International Peace and Security announces a 1994 program of small grants allowing scholars and students of international relations to visit major universities and research

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centers outside their home region. Grants are intended for junior schol­ars who seek exposure to debates and scholarship on the changing interna­tional system and issues of interna­tional peace and security.

The competition is open to post­graduate students, scholars, journal­ists, lawyers, public servants and oth­ers from Africa, Eastern and Central Europe, and the non-Russian repub­lics of the former Soviet Union. Those who have an interest in exploring is­sues of international peace and securi­ty are encouraged to apply. These grants will be awarded to well­qualified applicants for study at major research centers selected in consulta­tion with Council staff. Post-graduate applicants should have received their d~rate within the past seven years.

Applications should be completed and returned to the Council, post­marked no later than15 July 1994. For information or materials, contact So­cial Science Research Council, Visiting Scholar Fellowship, Program on Inter­national Peace and Security, 605 Third Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10158, (212) 661-0280, fax (212) 370­7896.

• The Collaborative Projects Program of the National Endowment for the Humanities welcomes applications for projects of broad scholarly and public significance in the humanities that entail the collaboration of two or more scholars for periods 1 to 3 years.

All topics in the humanities are eli­gible; collaborative projects are ex­pected to lead to major scholarly pub­lications. A wards usually range from $10,000 to about $150,000. The dead­line is October 15, 1994, for projects beginning no earlier than July of the next year. For application materials and further information write or call: Collaborative, Projects /Interpretive Research, Division of Research Pro­

grams, Room 318,1100 Pennsylvannia Avenue, NW,Washington, DC 20506, (202) 606-8210.

• The National Endowment for the Humanities Reference Materials Pro­gram supports projects to prepare ref­erence works that will improve access to information and resources. Support is available for the creation of diction­aries, historical or linguistic atlases, encyclopedias, concordances, refer­ence grammars, databases, textbooks, and other projects that will provde es­sential scholarly tools for the advance­ment of research or for general refer­ence purposes.

Grants also may support projects that will assist scholars and research­ers to locate information about hu­manities documentation. Such pro­jects result in scholarly guides that allow researchers to determine the usefulness or relevance of specific ma­terials for their work.

Eligible for support are such pro­jects as bibliographies, bibliographic databases, catalogues raisonnes, other descriptive catalogues, indexes, union lists, and other guides to materials in the humanitites.

In both areas, support is also available for projects that address im­portant issues related to the design or accessibility of reference works. The application deadline of 15 September 1994 for projects beginning after 1 July 1995. For more information write to Reference Materials, Room 318, NEH, Washington, DC 20506.

• The Re-entry Grants for African Scholars Pursuing Education Research program is designed to assist in the professional re-establishment of tal­ented African scholars who are re­turning from doctoral studies abroad and have a research interest in issues related to the revitalization and devel­opment of education in sub-Saharan

Africa. All proposed projects must include an explicit and substantial fo­cus on female school participation as part of the set of educational issues to be examined.

The proposed budget, not to ex­ceed $25,000, may request funding for items such as a microcomputer and software, books, office supplies, living expenses, personnel assistance and local transportation. The budget may also include subsistence for one research team member of any nation­ality and a stipend to cover up to six months' transition costs for the re­turning African scholar.

Applicants may submit research proposals prior to or within one year of returning to their Africa-based in­stitutions. Grants are made to the scholar, but the proposal must be en­dorsed by the African institution where the applicant will be a full­time staff member. Also required are two letters of recommendation from

academic supervisors at the institu­tion where the candidate carried out doctoral study, postgraduate tran­scripts, and a resume.

There are no deadlines for sub­mission of proposals. For a full de­scription of the program, write to Scholars on Education Re-Entry Pro­gram, The Rockefeller Foundation, 1133 A venue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036 or Scholars on Edu­cation Re-Entry Program, The Rocke­feller Foundation, P.O. Box 47543, Nairobi, Kenya.

BaI1ooJd1ll~:'"DOt ~t~~fIvIa< ~.

April/June 1994

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES Social Science Research Council Program in African Studies Program Officer

The Social Science Research Council anticipates an opening for a Program Officer in its research and training programs focused on Africa. Working primarily through the Joint Committee on African Studies, which the Council sponsors with the American Council of Learned Societies, the program seeks to bring together scholars principally in the social sciences and humanities, from different areas of the world to support doctoral and post-doctoral training in Africa, and to stimulate new research on this region and on comparative and transnational themes involving Africa.

Applicants should already hold the PhD, or be close to completing all requirements for the PhD in a social science. Applicants from anthropology, history, political science or sociology, with expertise in Central or Southern Africa, would be especially favored. Applicants with MA degrees will be considered if they bring other skills and experience to the job. The Council would stongly favor candidates with expertise in fundraising or prior foundation employ­ment and program management experience.

Program Officer responsibilities include: organizing scholarly meetings, workshops and conferences; providing professional support for research programs; overseeing fel­lowship competitions; helping to develop, prepare, and present funding applications to private foundations and government agencies; and liaison with researchers and ac­ademic institutions working on and in Africa.

Provisions are made to enable Program Officers to con­tinue their professional development while at the Council. The Council also offers a comprehensive health insurance package.

This position may become available as early as October 1994. Candidates should submit a letter of application, curriculum vitae, and three letters of reference to Ms. Dorie Sinocchi, Human Resources Director, Social Science, Re­search Council, 605 Third A venue, New York, NY 10158.

The Social Science Research Council is an equal oppor­tunity employer. Applications from minorities are espe­cially welcome.

Oxfam America Director of Advocacy

Oxfam America is seeking a director of advocacy to im­plement and assist in developing Oxfam America's Wash­ington agenda, while monitoring political developments related to Administration policy at AID and the State De­partment. The Director will also represent Oxfam America

April/June 1994

on a variety of issues related to the concerns of Oxfam America's project partners in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean and the US, and be responSible for the overall administration of the Washington Office.

Qualifications include a BA in a relevant field or equiv­alent experience with a minimum of three years experience as a policy advocate on issues of concern to people in Afri­ca, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean.

For further information Oxfam America, Recruitment Committee-OCR, 26 West St., Boston, MA 02111-1206. Deadline for application is 11 April 1994.

The Ford Foundation Program Officer or Assistant Program Officer Africa and Middle East Programs

Working with the representative in Nairobi and other Foundation staff, the incumbent will develop, monitor and evaluate program activities in East Africa aimed at alleviat­ing rural poverty and promoting improved ruralliveli­hoods and resource use. The program focuses on small holder farmers, and particularly women farmers, living in medium potential areas and emphasizes better land and water management and small enterprise development. The assignment involves work with public and private organi­zations to link relevant applied research and social action and support community-based solutions.

An advanced degree in the social agricultural sciences and experience in applied eConomic development, along with sound judgment and demonstrated interpersonal, an­alytical and writing abilities, are required.

For further information contact Joan c. Carroll, The Ford Foundation, 320 East 43rd St., New York, NY 10017, (212) 573-5144.

Abataza IJasIumga aha kyahiky'enjojo.

The stubbom go to play at th~ elephants' resting grounds.

ANNOUNCEMENTS Mali's Cultural Heritage Receives US Protection • Penn Kemble, Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency (USIA), announced that in response to a request from the Government of Mali, the United States is imposing emergency import restrictions on ar­chaeological material from the region of the Niger River Valley.

The action follows a determination by USIA that the level of pillage from archaeological sites in this region is of crisis proportions and that MaU's cul­tural heritage is in jeopardy.

In making the announcement, Kemble noted that the sites in the re­gion of the Niger River Valley repre­sent a continuum of civilizations from the Neolithic period to the 18th centu­ry, lending archaeological signifi­cance to the region. The material from these sites includes terra-cotta figures as well as copper, bronze and iron fig­urines. Also covered under the im­port restriction is material from the Tellem burial caves of the Bandiagara Escarpment in the Niger River region.

Kemble's decision is consistent with a recommendation of the Cultu­ral Property Advisory Committee, a presidentially-appointed committee of experts in archaeology and the in­ternational sale of art, as well as rep­resentatives of the museum commu­nity and the general public.

Mali is the first African country to request and receive this form of US protection. In submitting its request, the Government of Mali stated that

"the pillage and illicit traffic of cultu­ral property of Malian patrimony con­tinue with an intensity that consti­tutes a serious menace to an understanding of entire chapters of the history of Mali." Mali's request was submitted under Article 9 of the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the un­authorized movement of cultural property across international borders.

This is the fifth emergency import restriction imposed by the United States under the UNESCO Conven­tion. Other restrictions are in place on certain pre-Columbian artifacts from EI Salvador, antique Andean textiles from Bolivia, Moche artifacts from the Sipan region of Peru, and Mayan arti­facts from the Peten region of Guate­mala.

• Africana Librarians Council of the African Studies Association spring meeting will take place at Perkins Li­brary, Duke University in Durham, NC on 15-16 April 1994. The meeting agenda will appear in the Africana Li­braries Newsletter. In conjuntion with the meeting, Library of Congress per­sonnel will offer a workshop on coop­erative cataloging. For further infor­mation contact Helene Baumann, African Studies Bibliographer, Duke University, International and Area Studies, Box 90195, Perkins Library, Durham, NC 27708, (919) 660-5847 or Al Kagan, Chair, Africana Librarians Council, University of TIlinois Library,

i

I Africana-Room 328, 1408 W. Grego­ry Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, (217) 333­6519.

• William Miner has several years' worth of back issues of the American Journal of Public Health and Ebony to donate. Anyone interested in further information should contact William Miner, 602 Letterman House, 2030 F St., NW, Washington, DC 20006.

• Jonathan Zimmerman, US social historian at West Chester University, has recently begun a study of black Peace Corps volunteers in Africa in the 19608 and 19705. He is interested in examining the ways that the Afri­can experience affected black volun­teers' views of race relations, Pan­Africanism, and civil rights at home . Anyone willing to share reminiscenc­es on this subject is asked to contact Jonathan Zimmerman, West Chester University, Department of History, West Chester, PA 19383, (215) 436­2201.

• The 1993 ASA Children's Book Award was presented to David Wis­niewski for Sundiata: The Lion King of Mali (Oarion Books: New York, 1992).

AprillJune 1994

RECENT DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS compiled by Joseph J. Lauer (Michigan State Vniversity)

The theses listed below were reported in Dissertation Abstracts International (DAJ), vol. 54, nos. 4-7, parts A and B. Each citation ends with a page reference to the abstract and order number (if any) for copies. Dissertations with a GAX prefix are available from Vniversity Microfilms Inter­national (300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106­1346). Canadian theses with a NN prefix are available from the National Library of Canada (395 Wellington St., Ottawa KIA ON4). British (UK) theses available from the British Library have order numbers with a "BX" or "B-" (for "BRDX" or "BRD-") prefix. Details on ordering through UMI are in DAI.

This is the 22nd quarterly supplement to American and Canadian Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses on Africa, 1974-1987 (Atlanta: Crossroads Press, 1989). This series lists the V.S., Canadian and British dissertations about Af­rica that are abstracted in DAI. Researchers interested in a particular author or keyword should consult the indexes of DAI or of Comprehensive Dissertation Index. Those looking for more Canadian or British theses about Africa should consult Canadian Theses [microform] or Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland... (Aslib).

Agriculture Bishaw, Badege. Determining options for agroforestry systems for the rehabilitation of degraded watersheds in Alemaya Basin, Hararghe Highlands, Ethiopia. Ph.D., Oregon State V., 1993. 219pp. DA54B:2298. GAX9326014.

Didier, Balma. Etude de la variabilite genetique du mil (Penni­setum tuphoides Burm. Stapf et Hubb): Implications concernant la conservation et l'utilisation des ressources phytogenetiques [Burkina Faso]. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 215pp. DA54B:2837. NN79326.

Dossou, Bernadette. Problematique et politique du bois­energieau Benin. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 431pp. DA54B:2834. NN79453.

EI Hawary, Mohamed Ibrahim. Model seed legislation for the West Asia and North Africa region. Ph.D., Mississippi State u., 1993. 274pp. DA54B:3397. GAX9400476.

Mamadou, Toure. LA resistance genetique du niebe (Vigna un­miculata (L.) Walp) adeux biotypes de Stri~a ~esnerioides

April/June 1994

(Wild.) Vatke [Mali & Niger]. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 119pp. DA54B:2838. NN79290.

Meikle, William Grems. Evaluating the sustainability of sub­sistence farmer practices in West Africa [Benin]. Ph.D., U. of California, Berkeley, 1992. 209pp. DA54B:2819. GAX9330643.

Mwangi, Albert Makanga. Analysis of wood-energy produc­tion and consumption strategies among small-scale farmers in central Kenya. Ph.D., Michigan State V., 1992. 202pp. DA54B:2302. GAX9326749.

Njoya, Aboubakar. Effects of cottonseed mealsupplementa­tion on the performance and pasture utilization by Zebu steers. Ph.D., Iowa State V., 1993. 117pp. DA54B:3408. GAX9335005.

Pone, Dieudonne Kamdem. Poultry production in the West­ern highlands of Cameroon: A survey of small-scale farms and studies on housing systems. Ph.D., V. of Arkansas, 1993. 268pp. DA54B:3408. GAX9334101.

Toure, Alamir Sinna. Ecologie et production primaire des ptiturages au moyen- Bani-Niger, Mali. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 172pp. DA54B:2836. NN79577.

Zake, Vincent Makumbi. Inheritance of tolerance to soil acidi­ty and effects on agronomic characteristics and leaf mineral ele­ment concentrations in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (LJ Moench] [Kenya]. Ph.D., Mississippi State V., 1993. 244pp. DA54B:2823. GAX9331668.

Anthropology Armbrust, Walter Tice. Mass culture and modernism in Egypt. Ph.D., V. of Michigan, 1993. 500pp. DA54A:2631. GAX9332010.

Asoegwu, MaryPaul Veronica Nkolina. Women in religion and development in Nigeria: A comparative study of Roman Catholic Church and an African independent church. Ph.D., Loyola U. of Chicago, 1993. 29Opp. DA54A:1853. GAX9326146.

Borishade, Adetokunbo Foluke Knowles. The study of Afri­can American sermonics and protest rhetoric in relation to the Yoruba concepts of Oro (Hooro) and Iwa [Nigeria & Ghana]. Ph.D., Temple V., 1993. 282pp. DA54A:2631. GAX9332773.

Ebron, Paulla Angeleac. Negotiating the meaning ofAfrica: Mandinka praisesingers in transnational contexts [Gambia]. Ph.D., U. of Massachusetts, 1993. 184pp. DA54A:2203. GAX9329602.

Haldane, Cheryl Ward. Ancient Egyptian hull construction. Ph.D., Texas A&M University, 1993. 299pp. DA54A:2629. GAX9328731.

Holland, Killian. The diversification ofa pastoral society: Edu­cation and employment among the MtlIlsai ofNarok District, Kenya. Ph.D., McGill U. (Can.), 1992. 524pp. DA54A:2634. NN80332.

Mandela, Makaziwe Phumla. Gender relations and patriar­chy in South Africa's Transkei. Ph.D., U. of Massachusetts, 1993. 205pp. DA54A:1438. GAX9316691.

Muila, Mavinga. L 'ecole en Afrique et la pauperisation des masses: Cas du Mayombe (Zaire). Ph.D., U. Laval (Can.), 1992. 443pp. DA54A:2206. NN79466.

Savishinsky, Neil J. Rastafari in the promised land: The spread ofa Jamaican socio-religious movement and its music and cul­ture among the youth of Ghana and Senegambia. Ph.D., Co­lumbia U., 1993. 342pp. DA54A:2635. GAX9333855.

Sterling, Eleanor Jane. Behavioral ecology of the aye-aye (Dau­bentonia mada~ascariensis) on Nosy Mangabe, Madagascar. Ph.D., Yale U., 1993. 248pp. DA54A:2210. GAX9331340.

Worby, Eric. Remaking labour, reshaping identity: Cotton, commoditization and the culture of modernity in northwestern Zimbabwe. Ph.D., McGill U. (Can.), 1992. 627pp. DA54A:2636. NN80396.

Architecture Eid, Yaldiz. Bi-polarity and interface in the spatial organiza­tion ofCairo apartments [Egypt]. Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. 341pp. DA54A:2353. GAX9400417.

Mojsov, Bojana. The sculpture and reliefof Ramesses III [Egypt]. Ph.D., New York U., 1992. 421pp. DA54A:2354. GAX9333659.

Oluyemi, Olubisi. Space and sociocultural transformation: A diachronic study of Yoruba urban housing and user responses to the changes in its spatial organization [Nigeria]. Ph.D., Geor­gia Institute of Technology, 1993. 239pp. DA54A:2354. GAX9400432.

I t

Biological Sciences Merenlender, Adina Maya. The effects of sociality of the de­ Imography and genetic structure of Lemur fulvus rufus (polyga­mous) and Lemur rubriventer (monogamous) and the amseroa­tion implications [Madagascar]. Ph.D., U. of Rochester, 1993. 161pp. DA54B:1766. GAX9322092. I

Business Administration Ahado, sebastien Komi. Analyse de la relation entre l'education et quelques caracteristiques du talent managerial Ichez les proprietaires gestionnaires du secteur informel au Togo. Ph.D., U. Laval (Can.), 1992. 201pp. DA54A:2220. NN79476.

Lytle, Laurian E. Casson. The stock market impact ofsocial pressure: The South African divestment case. Ph.D., U. of Kansas, 1992. 115pp. DA54A:1445. GAX9323033.

Earth Sciences Abdel-Salam, Mohamed Gamal. Tectonic evolution of the late Precambrian Nakasib suture and Oko shear zone, Red Sea Hills, Sudan. Ph.D., U. of Texas at Dallas, 1993. 144pp. DA54B:1851. GAX9325012.

Ansah, Thomas Wobil. Cooperation in resources manage­ment: Analysis of hydroelectric resource use in West Africa [Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire & Togo]. Ph.D., U. of Pennsylvania, 1993. 189pp. DA54B:2962. GAX9331750.

de Caprona, Guy C. The continental margin of western COte d'Ivoire: Structural framework inherited from intra-continental shearing. Fil.dr., Goteborgs U. (Sweden), 1992. 161pp. DA54B:1853. GAX9323948.

Kamar, Margaret Jepkoech. The effect of mulches on hydro­logic and erosional processes, soil moisture and crop yield, in highly crusting tropical semi-arid soils, Baringo, Kenya. Ph.D., U. of Toronto (Can.), 1992. 241pp. DA54B:2412. NN78776.

Economics Ahoe, Emile Sessindu. Adjustment, economic liberalization and partnerships in Benin: An overview of issues and policy 0p­tions. Ph.D., U. of Pits burgh, 1992. 281pp. DA54A:1467. GAX9317988.

Aljerrah, Mohammed Abdallah. Trade balance instability and the optimal exchange rate regime: The case of OPEC coun­tries [Algeria & Libya]. Ph.D., U. of Nebraska - Lincoln, 1993. 192pp. DA54A:1468. GAX9322786. ICarrino, Constance A. Foreign assistance, commerical debt, and fungibility in five African countries. Ph.D., George tWashington U., 1993. 179pp. DA54A:1485. GAX9322893. [

t April/June 1994

Chawla, Anita J. Intrahousehold resource allocation: A princi­pal-agent analysis with empirical evidence [Gambia River Ba­sin]. Ph.D., V. of Michigan, 1993. 139pp. DA54A:2678. GAX9332029.

Cochrane, Jeffrey Alan. Economies in transition: The conse­quences of economic theory [Sierra Leone]. Ph.D., V. of Wis­consin - Madison, 1993. 19Opp. DA54A:2271. GAX9314975.

Davis, Graham Anthony. South African managed trade poli­cy: The wasting of a mineral endowment. Ph.D., Pennsylva­nia State u., 1993. 286pp. DA54A:1884. GAX9326834.

Farah, Abdel Aziz Mohamed. Food grain production perfor­mance, poverty and agricultural price policy in Sudan. Ph.D., Colorado State V., 1993. 193pp. DA54A:2254. GAX9331370.

Gavian, Sarah. umd tenure and soil fertility management in Niger. Ph.D., Stanford V., 1993. 166pp. DA54A:1890. GAX9326471.

Kebede, Ellene. Smallholder producer groups in market econo­mies: The case of dairy cooperatives in Kenya. Ph.D., Oklaho­ma State V., 1993. 203pp. DA54A:1891. GAX9327946.

Laki, Sam Lemison. Policy analysis of Sudan's irrigated sub­sector: The case of Gezira Irrigation Scheme. Ph.D., Michigan State V., 1992. 209pp. DA54A:1892. GAX9326728.

McDade, Barbara Elizabeth. Characteristics of small-scale enterprises, entrepreneurship, and detenninants of business suc­cess among artisans in a traditional crafts industry in Ghana. Ph.D., V. of Texas at Austin, 193. 237pp. DA54A:1483. GAX9323491.

Nsengiyumva, Fabien. Impact des politiques economiques en situation de rationnement de credit: Etude theorique et illustra­tion aI 'aide d'un modele calculable d'equilibre general applique au cas du Rwanda. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 163pp. DA54A:2274. NN79515.

Rielly, Catherine Ann. Do households pool their savings? An empirical investigation of rotating savings and credit associa­tions (RoSCAs) in Cameroon. Ph.D., Harvard u., 1993. 195pp. DA54A:2246. GAX9331019.

Salih, Ali Abdel Aziz. Sustainability and profitability of in­tensive cropping technologies on the dryland Vertisols of Sudan: A simulation approach with EPIC. Ph.D., Purdue u., 1993. 178pp. DA54A:2670. GAX9334417.

Shaw, Christopher L. Insatiable demands: Income, energy and environmental policy in Madagascar. Ph.D., Tufts V., 1993. 208pp. DA54A:1479. GAX9322888.

Yapi, Atse. A policy preference function analysis of the forest sector in the Cote d'Ivoire. Ph.D., Oregon State V., 1993. 134pp. DA54A:1894. GAX9327063.

Zeinelabdin, Eiman Osman. The impact of improved cook­stoves on the demand for fuel wood in sub-Saharan Africa, and its relation to deforestation. Ph.D., V. of Tennessee, 1993. 336pp. DA54A:2253. GAX9331748.

Education Alfa, Laraba Clara. The Nigerian National Universities Com­mission's assessment of the functioning of an organization. Ed.D., Columbia U. Teachers ColI., 1993. 271pp. DA54A:1156. GAX9320955.

Babalola, Festus 'Kunleola. The role of the Nigerian higher education institutions in preparation of Christian religious stud­ies teachers. Ed.D., Southern Baptist Theo. Sem., 1993. 367pp. DA54A:1304. GAX9324758.

Dlamini, Marietta Perez. Factors related to the attitude of first-year university and college students toward the secondary agriculture components in Swaziland. Ph.D., Ohio State V., 1993. 213pp. DA54A:1640. GAX9325488.

Gibney, Laura Margaret. Contraceptive practices in Zimbab­we: The influence ofeducational attainment and personal rela­tionships. Ph.D., Stanford V., 1993. 231pp. DA54A:1753. GAX9326472.

Githii, David Muhia. The introduction and development of Western education in Kenya by the Presbyterians, 1891-1991. D. Miss., Fuller Theo. Sem., 1993. 343pp. DA54A:1263. GAX9323605.

Konana, Lois S. Diversified secondary school curriculum: The Kenyan case. Ph.D., McGill V. (Can.), 1992. 216pp. DA54A:2409. NN80388.

Maduekwe, Herbert Odili. A comparative analysis of voca­tional education in Nigeria and the state of California. Ed.D., V. of San Francisco, 1993. 122pp. DA54A:1777. GAX9329557.

Mantey, Clement Odei. An assessment of the attitudes of spe­cial education teachers in Ghana toward disabled individuals. Ph.D., Gallaudet V., 1993. 177pp. DA54A:1758. GAX9318970.

April/June 1994

I t

I I

Mekbeb, Fantaye. Assessment of the tf'ilching effectiveness of community hf'illth agents with regard to diarrhf'ill disf'ilse pre­vention and trf'iltment in Ethiopia. Ph.D., Michigan State V., 1993. 135pp. DA54A:1618. GAX9326745.

Messan, Kodjo. Etude des rapports entre la hierarchisation des matieres scolaires et I'usage des punitions symboliques dans the classes de CP1 et CP2 de I'enseignement du premier degre au Togo. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 277pp. DA54A:2057. NN79276.

Misigaro, Edwin Nitunga. Factors influencing Tanzanian students to If'ilve school prior to grade seven graduation. Ed.D., llIinois State u., 1993. 17Opp. DA54A:2058. GAX9323738.

Ng'andwe, Albert Chibale. A comparative analysis of mas­ter's degree programs in adult education in English-spf'ilking Canadian universities: Implications for Zambia. Ed.D., V. of Toronto (Can.), 1992. 259pp. DA54A:1637. NN78829.

Okafor, Mary Chinelo. The problems and prospects of imple­mentation of the 6-3-3-4 system of education in secondary schools in Anambra State of Nigeria. Ed.D., East Texas State 0.,1993. 213pp. DA54A:2414. GAX9400458.

Okeke, Leo Chuka. Education reform and expansion in post­independence Nigeria: A nation in transition, 1960-1992. Ph.D., Boston Coil., 1993. 262pp. DA54A:2018. GAX9329275.

Padde, Paul. An evaluation of the relationship between super­visory techniques and organizational outcomes among the super­visors in the agricultural extension service in the Eastern Region Districts of Uganda. Ph.D., Ohio State V., 1993. 213pp. DA54A:1642. GAX9325566.

Environmental Sciences Wakhungu, Judi Wangalwa. Energy resources management in Kenya: The solution as the problem. Ph.D., Pennsylvania State V., 1993. 235pp. DA54B:2420. GAX9326962.

Fine Arts Nworjih, Chris Anayo. A study of the origins, characteristics, and significance of the traditional art of blacksmithing in south­f'ilStern Nigeria. Ph.D., New York V., 1993. 331pp. DA54A:2365. GAX9333925.

Vduehi, Joseph. A cross-cultural assessment of the Maitland Graves Design Judgment Test using U.s. and Nigerian subjects. Ed.D., V. of Illinois at Vrbana-Champaign, 1993. 76pp. DA54A:1576. GAX9329187.

Folklore Fales, Cornelia W. Auditory illusion and cognitive patterns in whispered Inanga of Burundi. Ph.D., Indiana V., 1993. 224pp. DA54A:1497. GAX9323205.

Geography Akdim, Brahim. Genese des carbonates terrestes dans la de­pression de Ouarzazate (Maroc meridional) [Morocco]. Ph.D., V. of Ottawa (Can.), 1991. 268pp. DA54B:2966. NN80038.

Badenhorst, Cecile M. Mines, missionaries and the municipal­ity: Organised African sport and recrf'iltion in Johannesburg, c1920-1950 [South Africa]. Ph.D., Queen's V. at Kingston (Can.), 1992. 493pp. DA54A:2687. NN80742.

Manga, Sylvestre Jose Tidiane. Problematique et perspectives de la liberalisation du developpement hydro-agricole au Sinegal: Modelisation mathematique et simulation. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 108pp. DA54A:2278. NN79372.

Mather, Charles T. Agrarian transformation in South Africa: Land and labor in the Barberton district, c1920-1960. Ph.D., Queen's V. at Kingston (Can.), 1992. 379pp. DA54A:2689. NN80570.

Neumann, Roderick Paul. The social origins of natural re­source conflict in Arusha National Park, Tanzania. Ph.D., 0. of California, Berkeley, 1992. 28Opp. DA54A:2278. GAX9330666.

Turner, Matthew Drew. Living on the edge: Fulbe herding practices and the relationship between economy and ecology in the inland Niger Delta of Mali. Ph.D., U. of California, Berke­ley, 1992. 481pp. DA54A:2280. GAX9330768.

Wijdenes, Dirk Jan Oostwoud. The dynamics ofgully-hf'ild erosion on asemi- arid piedmont plain, Baringo District, Kenya. Ph.D., V. of Toronto (Can.), 1992. 236pp. DA54B:2414. NN78676.

Health Sciences Courval, Jeanne Marie. Estimating the impact of malaria con­trolon mortality in infants and children [Nigeria]. Ph.D., Co­lumbia V., 1993. 174pp. DA54B:3575. GAX9333747.

Edem, Christiana Vdo. Use of the Hf'illth Belief Model to pre­dict safer sex intentions and practices among university students in Nigeria. Ph.D., V.ofOregon, 1993. 118pp. DA54B:1917. GAX9322020.

Nondo, Hassan Sururu. The determinants of brf'ilstfeeding patterns and differentials in a developing country [Kenya].

AprillJune 1994

Dr.P.H., U. of Pittsburgh, 1993. 137pp. DA54B:3022. GAX9329455.

Rockhold, Pia. Determinants of the nutritional status ofchil­dren, between the ages of 6 months and 4 years, in a rural area of sub-Saharan Africa. Ph.D., V. of California, Los Angeles, 1993. 28Opp. DA54B:3559. GAX9332620.

Sibiya, ThokoziIe Esther. A study of maternal and infant nu­trition in Swaziland. Ph.D., V. of Guelph (Can.), 1992. 199pp. DA54B:2449. NN79005.

Zwane, Thembi Isabel. Developing a curriculum for profes­sional nursing education in Swaziland: Views from Ministry of Health officials and nursing leaders. Ph.D., V. of Maryland at Baltimore, 1993. 24Opp. DA54B:3001. GAX9331443.

History Chirwa, Wiseman Chijere. '''Theba' is power": Rural labour, migrancy and fishing in Malawi, 1980s-1985. Ph.D., Queen's U. at Kingston (Can.), 1992. 532pp. DA54A:2698. NN80737.

Chondoka, Yizenge Adorn. Labour migration and rural transformation in Chama District, northeastern Zambia, 1890­1964. Ph.D., V. of Toronto (Can.), 1992. 336pp. DA54A:1915. NN78850.

Hamilton, Carolyn Anne. Authoring Shaka: Models, meta­phors and historiography [South Africa]. Ph.D., Johns Hop­kins u., 1993. 651pp. DA54A:1915. GAX9327613.

Konneh, Augustine. Indigenous entrepreneurs and capitalists: The role of the Mandingo in the economic development of mod­ern-day Liberia. Ph.D., Indiana V., 1992. 24Opp. DA54A:1507. GAX9310337.

Likaka,Osumaka. Forced cotton production in the Belgian Congo, 1917-1960. Ph.D., V. of Minnesota, 1991. 327pp. DA54A:2285. GAX9331923.

Mafela, Lily. Competing gender ideologies in education in Be­chuanaland Protectorate, c.1840--c.1945. Ph.D., Northwestern u., 1993. 432pp. DA54A:1915. GAX9327251.

Manaa, Mohammed. Instruments mediatiques et opinion pub­lique occidentale dans les strategies politiques des nationalistes algeriens: Lecasde "New York Times". Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 547pp. DA54A:2284. NN79370.

Mannering, LYnne Michelle. Culture and foreign policy: The United States, Great Britain, and Egypt, 1945-1948. Ph.D., In­diana V., 1993. 233pp. DA54A:1517. GAX9323200.

April/June 1994

Manungo, Kenneth Dzutsumwa. The role peasants played in the Zimbabwe war of liberations, with special emphasis on Chi­weshe District. Ph.D., Ohio u., 1991. 278pp. DA54A:1507. GAX9324388.

Mothibe, Tefetso Henry. Organized African labor and na­tionalism in colonial Zimbabwe, 1945-1971. Ph.D., V. of Wis­consin - Madison, 1993. 319pp. DA54A:2285. GAX9318634.

Starratt, Priscilla Ellen. Oral history in Muslim Africa: Al­Maghili legends in Kano [Nigeria]. Ph.D., V. of Michigan, 1993. 338pp. DA54A:2698. GAX9332170.

Thayer, Jennifer Mott. Land politics and power networks in Mamluk Egypt. Ph.D., New York V., 1993. 264pp. DA54A:2693. GAX9333679.

Zachernuk, Philip Serge. Intellectual life in a colonial con­text: The Nigerian intelligentsia, 1860-1960. Ph.D., V. of To­ronto (Can.), 1991. 524pp. DA54A:1507. NN78805.

Language Amoako, Joe K.Y.B. Ghanaian pidgin English: In search ofdi­achronic, synchronic, and sociolinguistic 'evidence. Ph.D., V. of Florida, 1992. 216pp. DA54A:2556. GAX9331110.

Harrama, Abdulgialil Mohamed. Libyan Arabic morpholo­gy: AI-Jabal dialect. Ph.D., U. of Arizona, 1993. 251pp. DA54A:1340. GAX9322658.

Lewis, Marshall. Verb serialization in Gen and the structure ofevents [Togo]. Ph.D., Indiana V., 1993. 213pp. DA54A:1342. GAX9323249.

Niang, Mamadou Ousmane. Syllable "sonority" hierarchy and the stress patterns in Pulaar: A metrical approach [West Africa]. Ph.D., V. of Illinois at Vrbana-Champaign, 1993. 29Opp. DA54A:1784. GAX9329121.

Wilawan, Supriya. A reanalysis of so-called serial verb con­struction in Thai, Khmer, Mandarin Chinese, and Yoruba [Ni­geria]. Ph.D., V. of Hawaii, 1993. 214pp. DA54A:2562. GAX9334948.

Library Science Bouri, Elizabeth Nicolas. The development and decline of public libraries in Egypt: A shift in national development priori­ties. Ph.D., V. of Texas at Austin, 1993. 467pp. DA54A:1133. GAX9323345.

Mwila, Apollinaris Buleti. The use of the University of Zam­bia library by the social science, humananities and science facul­

ties. Ph.D., V. of Michigan, 1993. 191pp. DA54A:2367. GAX9332140.

Literature Barnes, Fiona Ruthven. Explorations in geography, gender, and genre: Decolonizing women's novels of development [Southern Africa]. Ph.D., V. of Wisconsin - Madison, 1992. 302pp. DA54A:1355. GAX9309496.

de Lange, Margreet. The muzzled muse: Literature and cen­sorship in South Africa, 1963-1985. Ph.D., City U. of New York, 1993. 261pp. DA54A:1350. GAX9325086.

Donadey, Anne. Polyphonic and palimpsestic discourse in the works of Assia Djebar and Leila Sebbar [Algeria]. Ph.D., Northwestern u., 1993. 223pp. DA54A:1821. GAX9327185.

Green, Carin Margreta Christensen. Barbarian and king: The character and historiographical genesis of Jugurtha in Sallust's "Bellum Jugurthinum" [Tunisia]. Ph.D., V. of Virginia, 1991. 224pp. DA54A:l348. GAX9223403.

Kamal, Nadia. Ville sacree/ville profane: Signes d'un itineraire dans ['oeuvre romanesque de Tahar Ben Jelloun [Morocco]. Ph.D., U. of Sou them California, 1993. DA54A:2602.

Kuehn, Clement A. Channels of imperishable fire: The Chris­tian mystical allegories of Dioscorus of Aphrodito [Egypt]. Ph.D., Loyola U. of Chicago, 1993. 409pp. DA54A:1794. GAX9326168.

Maouati, Jameleddine. L 'ellipse de la pensee ou de la littell rature [North Africa]. Ph.D., Yale u., 1993. 464pp. DA54A:2575. GAX9331554.

Olson, Christa Lee. Constructs and crisis in West African and Antillean literature ofFrench expression. Ph.D., Stanford U., 1993. 299pp. DA54A:1798. GAX9326536.

Rudnicka-Kassem, Dorota. Egyptian drama and social change: A study of thematic and artistic development in Yusuf Idris's plays. Ph.D., Mcgill U. (Can.), 1992. 205pp. DA54A:2599. NN80267.

Safi-Eddine, Khadija. The quest for the female self in Simone de Beauvoir's "Les Belles Images", ToniMorrison's "Sula" and Nawal el Saadawi's "Two Women in One". [Egypt]. Ph.D., Pennsylvania State U., 1993. 229pp. DA54A:2568. GAX9334809.

Semujanga, Josias. Analyse interculturelle comparee du roman francophone: "Les tetes aPapineau" de J. Godbout et l"'Ecart" de V. Y. Mudimbe. Essai de socio-semiotique du lecteur [Zaire].

Ph.D., U. Laval (Can.), 1992. 226pp. DA54A:2142. GAXMM79400. I

tSmith, Craig Vincent. Utopia and necessity: The crises of na­tionalism in African literature [Kenya & Senegal]. Ph.D., V. of Pennsylvania, 1993. 284pp. DA54A:1359. GAX9321481.

Willey, Ann Elizabeth. Fictional nations/national fictions: The

I ,search for national literatures in Kenya, Senegal, and Ghana.

Ph.D., Northwestern V., 1993. 212pp. DA54A:1799. GAX9327316.

}Witte, Sarah Ellen. H.D., archaeology, and modernism ,[Egypt]. Ph.D., U. of Iowa, 1993. 289pp. DA54A:2575. GAX9334676. , Yegenoglu-Mutman, Medya. Veiled fantasies: Towards a feminist reading ofOrientalism [Algeria]. Ph.D., U. of Cali­ I fornia, Santa Cruz, 1993. 252pp. DA54A:1814. GAX9328229.

Mass Communications I IAI-Habib, Abdulrahman Ibrahim. An analysis of TV news in

three Arab countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia). Ph.D., Ohio U., 1993. 155pp. DA54A:1134. GAX9322373.

Igyor, Gerard Amenger Gilbert. The transfer of telecommuni­Ications technology to Nigeria. Ph.D., Temple U., 1993. 273PP. i DA54A:2371. GAX9332808.

Okoro, Ephraim Ahamefule. The press and politics in Nige­ria: Toward a conceptual framework for political development. Ph.D., Howard V., 1993. 449pp. DA54A:2373. GAX9335225.

! Music

Tasat, Ram6n Alberto. The cantillations and the melodies of the Jews of Tangier, Morocco. D.M.A., U. of Texas at Austin, 1993. 316pp. DA54A:ll46. GAX9323312. I

Physical Sciences Eltayeb, Mohamed Ahmed Hassan. Application of x-ray iemission spectrometry to some environmental problems in Africa [Sudan]. Ph.D., V. Instelling Antwerpen (Belg.), 1993. 172pp. DA54B:3028. GAX9323961. I Kibalama, Josephat Sentongo. The assessment of agricultural mechanization in Uganda: Perspective engineering options and strategies. Ph.D., Ohio State U., 1993. 224pp. DA54B:2614. GAX9325526. I

t I ,f

April/June 1994

Tokida, Kunihiro. Tillage machinery management models for rice farming projects in Kenya. Ph.D., Michigan State V., 1993. 256pp. DA54B:2615. GAX9326779.

Political Science Adejokun,Olufolajirni. The influence of religion on Nigerian foreign policy. Ph.D., Howard V., 1992. 281pp. DA54A:2720. GAX9335205.

Agambila, Gheysika A. Militarization among the ex-British colonies of West Africa. Ph.D., New York V., 1993. 443pp. DA54A:2727. GAX9333600.

Agwara, Liborius Ihechere. U.S. policy toward democratic and praetorian regimes in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Nige­ria. Ph.D., V. of Alabama, 1993. 238pp. DA54A:1529. GAX9325177.

Alden, John Christopher. The South African state and reform apartheid: Processes ofchange in state strategy under P. W.8o­tha. Ph.D., Tufts V., 1993. 709pp. DA54A:1529. GAX9322880.

Bookrniller, Robert James. The question ofself-determination in American foreign policy: The Namibian, Sahrawi and Pales­tinian cases [Namibia & Western Sahara]. Ph.D., V. of Vir­ginia, 1992. 364pp. DA54A:1940. GAX9324885.

Clark, John Frank. The evaluation of superpower intervention and competition in several conflicts of sub-Saharan Africa: 1960-1990. Ph.D., V. of Virginia, 1992. 428pp. DA54A:2721. GAX9324903.

DeMars, William Emile. Helping people in a people's war: Humanitarian organizations and the Ethiopian conflict, 1980­1988. Ph.D., V. of Nortre Dame, 1993. 372pp. DA54A:1941. GAX9328885.

Durham, Gesele Edith. The determinants of United States bi­lateral aid to Africa: Assessing the components offoreign policy decision-making. Ph.D., State V. of New York at Bingham­ton, 1993. 251pp. DA54A:1530. GAX9326067.

Furro, Tonyesima. Federalism and the politics of revenue allo­cation in Nigeria: The case of the oil producing areas of Rivers State. Ph.D., Clark Atlanta u., 1992. 368pp. DA54A:1525. GAX9324134.

Haireche, Abdel-Kader. Conflict, conflict management and cooperation in North Africa. Ph.D., New York V., 1993. 572pp. DA54A:2722. GAX9333636.

Jeong, Ho Won. The impact of the World Bank and the IMF on the poitical economy in Ghana. Ph.D., Ohio State V., 1993. 216pp. DA54A:1941. GAX9325518.

Kinsella, David Todd. In the shadcrw ofgiants: Superpower arms transfers and Third World conflict during the Cold War [Ethiopia & Somalia]. Ph.D., Yale V., 1993. 344pp. DA54A:231O. GAX9331550.

Kirby, Stephen Michael. The two Germanys in Subsaharan African, 1957-1972: Ideological universalism versus traditional statecraft [Ghana, Guinea & Tanzania]. Ph.D., V. of Virgin­ia, 1993. 443pp. DA54A:1941. GAX9328285.

Kpundeh, Sahr John. Elites, non-elites and corruption: An at­titudinal analysis of data from Sierra Leone. Ph.D., Howard V., 1993. 371pp. DA54A:2717. GAX9335222.

Kurnssa, Asfaw. Government expenditure behavior and the problem ofcapital accumulation in the public sector of LDCs: A quantitative analysis within the framework of a behavior model [Eastern Africa]. Ph.D., V. of Denver, 1993. 188pp. DA54A:1536. GAX9322785.

Mays, Terry Maynard. The White Helmets: Nigerian foreign policy and multinational peacekeeping. Ph.D., V. of South Carolina, 1993. 167pp. DA54A:2723. GAX9400245.

Nicholas, Sheila M. The development ofAfrican capitalism in Zimbabwe. Ph.D., Queen's V. at Kingston (Can.), 1992. 365pp. DA54A:2717. NN80585.

Skalnes, Tor Erlend. The politics of economic reform in Zim­babwe. Ph.D., V. of California, Los Angeles, 1993. 449pp. DA54A:2313. GAX9330012.

White, Gregory Whayne. On the ouside looking in. Small Third World states on the periphery of advanced-industrialized blocs: The political economy of Tunisia's infitah to the European Community, 1969-1987. Ph.D., V. of Wisconsin - Madison, 1993. 33Opp. DA54A:2314. GAX9320887.

Psychology Lamensdorf, Angela Mona-Liza. Casual beliefs of mental dis­orders and treatment preferences in Ghana. Ph.D., V. of British Columbia (Can.), 1992. 181pp. DA54B:3344. NN79690.

Religion Anyambod, Emmanuel Anya. Functional African christology in community and social life based on a study of I Corinthians 10:1-11:1 [Cameroon]. Th.D., Boston V., 1993. 243pp. DA54A:1416. GAX9324836.

April/June 1994

Appolis, Keith Vmonwabisi Christopher. From fragmenta­tion to wholeness: The Black South African {amily under siege. Ph.D., Vanderbilt V., 1993. 33Opp. DA54A:1843. GAX9324422.

Aryee, Seth Aryeetey. The Bible and the Crown: Thomas Birch Freeman's synthesis of Christianity and social reform in Ghana (1838-1890). Ph.D., Drew V., 1993. 345pp.

,..... DA54A:2189. GAX9331575.

Bilima, Jaspine Dabson Chimphanga. James Malinki ofMal­awi: Church leader in cross-cultural ministry. D.Min., An­drews 0., 1993. 247pp. DA54A:1399. GAX9325650.

Britt, Samuel Irving. The children ofsalvation: Struggle and cosmology in Liberian prophet churches. Ph.D., V. of Virginia, 1992. 749pp. DA54A:1415. GAX9237491.

Emmel, Stephen. Shenoute's literary corpus [Egypt]. Ph.D., Yale V., 1993. 1404pp. DA54A:2613. GAX9400359.

Hooker, Paul Kenneth. The Kingdom ofHezekiah: Judah in the geo-political context of the late eighth century BCE [Egypt]. Ph.D., Emory V., 1993. 406pp. DA54A:l409. GAX9323167.

Lewis-Small, Elaine Louise. Church investments and South Africa: Policy formulation in the Lutheran Church in America, the Southern Baptist Convention, and the United Church of Christ. Ph.D., Drew V., 1993. 385pp. DA54A:2185. GAX933158S.

Sociology Amankwaa, Adansi A. A micro level analysis ofprior and proximate causes of infant mortality in Ghana, with special at­tention to the role ofpolygyny. Ph.D., Florida State V., 1993. 194pp. DA54A:2747. GAX9334239.

Attah-Poku, Agyemang. Ghanaian ethnic associations as aso­cio-cultural survival strategy in America: The cases of the Asanteman Association, the Okuapemman Fekuw, and the Brong Ahafo Association in New York City. D.A., State 0. of New York at Albany, 1993. 17Opp. DA54A:1963. GAX9324528.

Benson-Jaja, Dagogo Etsele. Dilemmas of cross-cultural edu­cation: An ethnography ofstressful experiences of African stu­dents in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Ed.D., Southern Baptist Theo. Sem., 1993. 255pp. DA54A:1552. GAX9324759.

Daddah, Amel. State-society exchange in modern Sahelian Af­rica: Cultural representation, political mobilization, and state rule (Senegal, Mauritania, Chad, Sudan). Ph.D., V. of Arizo­

na, 1993. 466pp. DA54A:1562. GAX9322660.

Damte, Assefa. Urbanization in Ethiopia: Pre and post revolu­tion experience. Ph.D., V. of Wisconsin, 1993. 19Spp. DA54A:2747. GAX932S003.

Elbow, Kent Michael. Popular participation in the manage­ment ofnatural resources: Lessons from Baban Rafi, Niger. Ph.D., V. of Wisconsin - Madison, 1992. 55Spp. DA54A:2757. GAX9306402.

Epprecht, Marc. Women, class and politics in colonial Lesotho: 1930-1965. Ph.D., Dalhousie V. (Can.), 1992. 441pp. DA54A:2757. NNS0122.

Gachuruzi, Bulakali Shally. Les micro-entreprises du secteur informel urbain au Zaii"e: Cas des entreprises de couture de Kin­shasa. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 353pp. DA54A:2340. NN79443.

Gichuhi, Agnes Wanjiru. The impact of individual character­istics, community resources and maternal preventive health be­havior on infant mortality in rural Kenya. Ph.D., Pennsylva­nia State V., 1993. 162pp. DA54A:1962. GAX9326852.

Kingston, Martyne Edward. Afrikaner Nationalism and ur­ban industrial change: Urban ideology, state policy and the apartheid ideal [South Africa]. Ph.D., Harvard V., 1993. 674pp. DA54A:2334. GAX9330956.

Lee, James Rupert, Jr. The United States Black Church and the U.S. South African policy: National Baptist Church and African Methodist Episcopal Church. Ph.D., Saint Louis V., 1993. 226pp. DA54A:2754. GAX9400333.

Mianda Mutonkoley, Gertrude. Genre, pouvoir et developpe­ment: Des strategies des femmes dans la production maraichere de Kinshasa, Zaire. Ph.D., V. Laval (Can.), 1992. 304pp. DA54A:2345. NN79535.

Rutenberg, Naomi. The estimation offecundability from sur­vey data on coital activity [Burundi & Ghana]. Ph.D., Prince­ton V., 1993. 172pp. DA54A:1962. GAX9328058.

Smith, Morna Oruch. Desired family size and desired child ed­ucation among recently married women in Egypt. Ph.D., Johns Hopkins V., 1993. 279pp. DA54A:1962. GAX9327662.

Theology Ilesanmi, Simeon Olusegun. Religious pluralism and the state: A socio-ethical study of the religious factor in Nigeria's politics. Ph.D., Southern Methodist V./ 1993. 34Opp. DA54A:2623. GAX9333578.

AprillJune 1994

Jones, Gary Leighton. Training leaders concerning spiritual issues for the growth of the Church in Togo, West Africa. D.Min., Fuller Theo. Sem., 1993. 254pp. DA54A:1423. GAX9324723.

Kunhiyop, Samuel Waje. A theological analysis ofBajju con­version to Christianity [Nigeria]. Ph.D., Trinity E~angelical Divinity Sch., 1993. 267pp. DA54A:2624. GAX9334537.

Mugabe, Henry Johannes. Tilling with our own hoes: Shona religious metaphor for an African Christian theology [Zimbab­weJ. Ph.D., Southern Baptist Theo. Sem., 1993. 323pp. DA54A:1426. GAX9324754.

Oladipo, Caleb Oluremi. The development of the doctrine of the Holy Spirit in the Yaruba (African) indigenous Christian movement [NigeriaJ. Ph.D., Baylor U., 1993. 300pp. DA54A:1426. GAX9323304.

Urban & Regional Planning ~l Araby, Mostafa Morsi. Explorations into the characteris­r;cs, the determinants of production, and the impact of land poli­.ies on the informal housing sector in Alexandria, Egypt. Ph.D.,

Portland State U., 1993. 267pp. DA54A:1563. GAX9324947.

Jogoo, Vasantt Kumar. Environmental planning in small is­land nations: The interface between growth and the environment in Mauritius. Ph.D., Rutgers, 1993. 254pp. DA54A:2762. GAX9333409.

Mutunga, Stanley Mutuku. ContextUlllleadership develop­ment for the Church: An investigation into rural-urban migra­tion to Nairobi [KenyaJ. Ph.D., Fuller Theo. Sem., 1993. 293pp. DA54A:l565. GAX9324142.

Sawio, Camillus Joseph. Feeding the urban masses? Towards an understanding of the dynamics of urban agriculture and land-use change in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Ph.D., Clark U., 1993. 445pp. DA54A:2763. GAX9333084.

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NON-PROFIT ORG. U.S. POSTAGE

PAID AlLANTA,GA

PERMIT NO. 1689

Aili Tripp. .Dept of Politlcal SCience University of Wisconsin 401 North Hall Madison wI 53706