as 1418.8-2002 cranes, hoists and winches - special

Title:

Licensee:

Date:

Conditions of use (Click here for full conditions of Licence)

WWWWEB EB EB EB SSSSEARCHEARCHEARCHEARCHCheck if current

StandardsWatch (Info and Login)

Find similar documents

Visit our website

Standards AustraliaLICENCE

http://www.standards.com.au/catalogue/Script/login.asp?header=3&url=1&tab=watch

http://www.standards.com.au/catalogue/script/checkchanges.asp?SearchType=changes&DocType=Amendments&docn=AS965907450932&SFld1=Reference+Number&SVal1=AS 1418.8-2002&SFld2=amendment+number&SVal2=0&SOpr1=And&hht=1&Search=Search

http://www.standards.com.au/catalogue/script/similardocs.asp?docn=AS965907450932

http://www.standards.com.au

http://www.standards.com.au/Catalogue/Script/Licence.asp

AS 1418.8—2002

Australian Standard™

Cranes, hoists and winches

Part 8: Special purpose appliances

AS 1418.8

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.

This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME-005, Cranes. It wasapproved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 27 July 2002 andpublished on 15 October 2002.

The following are represented on Committee ME-005:Association of Consulting Engineers AustraliaAustralian Elevator AssociationAustralian Industry GroupAustralian Institute for Non-Destructive TestingBureau of Steel Manufacturers of AustraliaConstruction and Mining Equipment Association of AustraliaCrane Industry Council of AustraliaDepartment of Administrative and Information Services (S.A.)Department of Consumer and Employment Protection, WorkSafe Division (WA)Department of Employment Training and Industrial Relations (Qld)Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources (Tas)Institution of Engineers AustraliaState Chamber of CommerceVictorian WorkCover AuthorityWorkCover New South Wales

Keeping Standards up-to-dateStandards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology andsystems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, andnew editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselvesthey are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments whichmay have been published since the Standard was purchased.Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the StandardsAustralia web site at www.standards.com.au and looking up the relevant Standardin the on-line catalogue.Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January eachyear, and the monthly magazine, The Australian Standard, has a full listing ofrevisions and amendments published each month.We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especiallyencourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies orambiguities. Contact us via email at [email protected], or write to the ChiefExecutive, Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW2001.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 00403.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002

Australian Standard™

Cranes, hoists and winches


Originated as AS 1418.8—1989.Second edition 2002.

COPYRIGHT© Standards Australia InternationalAll rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of thepublisher.Published by Standards Australia International LtdGPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, AustraliaISBN 0 7337 4734 5

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.

AS 1418.8—2002 2

PREFACEThis Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the JointStandards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee ME-005, Cranes, to supersedeAS 1418.8—1989, Cranes (including hoists and winches) Part 8: Special purposeappliances.

The objective of this Standard is to provide requirements for special purpose appliances forreference by manufacturers, suppliers, users and regulators.

The major change in this edition is the addition of new Sections 5 and 6 coveringrequirements for earth-moving equipment used as cranes and side-boom pipelayers, whichwere previously covered in AS 1418.5.

The term ‘informative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of theappendix to which it applies. An ‘informative’ appendix is only for information andguidance.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.

3 AS 1418.8—2002

CONTENTS

Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL1.1 SCOPE......................................................................................................................... 51.2 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 51.3 TYPES......................................................................................................................... 51.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS................................................................................... 61.5 DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................. 71.6 EXPRESSION OF PERFORMANCE.......................................................................... 7

SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN2.1 DESIGN....................................................................................................................... 82.2 COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................ 102.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS..................................................... 112.4 PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS...................................................... 112.5 HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS...................................................... 112.6 TESTING................................................................................................................... 112.7 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 122.8 TEST CERTIFICATE................................................................................................ 122.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS ......................................... 13

SECTION 3 GENERAL PLATFORM HOISTS3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 143.2 LOAD RATING ........................................................................................................ 143.3 LOADS...................................................................................................................... 143.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS ......................................................................................... 143.5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................ 153.6 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 183.7 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ..................................................................... 19

SECTION 4 TIP TRUCK HOISTING SYSTEMS4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 204.2 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS .................................................................. 204.3 BASIS OF DESIGN................................................................................................... 204.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM................................................................................................ 214.5 COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................ 214.6 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 234.7 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ..................................................................... 24

SECTION 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENT5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 255.2 LOAD LIMIT ............................................................................................................ 255.3 MANUALS................................................................................................................ 255.4 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................... 255.5 RATED CAPACITY ................................................................................................. 275.6 DESIGN..................................................................................................................... 275.7 STABILITY............................................................................................................... 285.8 TESTING................................................................................................................... 295.9 RATED CAPACITY CHART ................................................................................... 295.10 QUICK HITCHES ..................................................................................................... 295.11 MARKING ................................................................................................................ 30Li

cens

ed to

Daw

sons

Mai

nten

ance

Con

trac

tors

Pty

Ltd

on

12 S

ep 2

003.

1 u

ser

pers

onal

use

r lic

ence

onl

y. S

tora

ge, d

istr

ibut

ion

or u

se o

n ne

twor

k pr

ohib

ited.

AS 1418.8—2002 4

Page

SECTION 6 SIDE-BOOM PIPELAYERS6.1 SCOPE OF SECTION ............................................................................................... 316.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................. 316.3 LOAD RATINGS ...................................................................................................... 316.4 LUFFING MECHANISM.......................................................................................... 336.5 HOISTING MECHANISM........................................................................................ 346.6 ADJUSTMENTS ....................................................................................................... 356.7 DIMENSIONS........................................................................................................... 356.8 ROPES....................................................................................................................... 366.9 SHEAVE SIZES ........................................................................................................ 36

APPENDICESA INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRY, ORDER, TENDER OR

REQUEST FOR HIRE......................................................................................................... 37B STATUTORY APPROVAL ...................................................................................... 39C COMMISSIONING INSPECTION ........................................................................... 43D OPERATION AND USE OF PLATFORM HOISTS................................................. 44E TYPICAL QUICK-HITCH TYPES ........................................................................... 45

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.

5 AS 1418.8—2002

www.standards.com.au Standards Australia

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian StandardCranes, hoists and winches


S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L

1.1 SCOPE

This Standard specifies requirements for special purpose applicances used for the hoistingof loads and personnel, as defined in AS 2549, but does not apply to builders hoists (seeAS 1418.7), guided storing and retrieving appliances (see AS 1418.6), and vehicle hoists(see AS 1418.9). It is complementary to AS 1418.1 but requirements given herein takeprecedence over corresponding requirements in AS 1418.1.

NOTE: Guidance on information to be supplied with enquiries, order, tender or request for hire isgiven in Appendix A.

1.2 APPLICATION

Platform hoists and tip-truck hoisting systems shall comply with Sections 1 and 2. Inaddition, Section 3 applies to platform hoists, Section 4 applies to tip truck hoistingsystems, Section 5 applies to earth-moving equipment used as mobile cranes, and Section 6applies to side-boom pipelayers.

1.3 TYPES

1.3.1 Platform hoists

Platform hoists shall include—

(a) tailgate hoists;

(b) guided platform hoists serving two fixed levels only, laterally restrained by guides;and

(c) unguided platform hoists serving two fixed levels only, with the lateral restraintprovided by the hoist structure;

but shall not include wheelchair hoists.NOTE: Some authorities may require an enclosure in some circumstances for equipment coveredby Clauses 1.3.1(b) and 1.3.1(c).

1.3.2 Tip truck hoisting systems

Tip truck hoisting systems shall include—

(a) hydraulically actuated systems;

(b) pneumatically actuated systems; and

(c) mechanically actuated systems.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 6

Standards Australia www.standards.com.au

1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The documents below are referred to in this Standard.AS1000 The international system of units (SI) and its application1101 Graphical symbols for general engineering1101.1 Part 1: Hydraulic and pneumatic systems1210 Pressure vessels1418 Cranes, hoists and winches1418.1 Part 1: General requirements1418.5 Part 5: Mobile cranes1418.6 Part 6: Guided storing and retrieving appliances1418.7 Part 7: Builder’s hoists and associated equipment1418.9 Part 9: Vehicle hoists1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders—Design, construction and

installation2019 Fluid power—Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders—Bore and rod dimensions2549 Cranes (including hoists and winches)—Glossary of terms2550 Cranes, hoist and winches—Safe use2550.1 Part 1: General requirements2550.5 Part 5: Mobile cranes2752 Preferred numbers and their use4041 Pressure pipingB226 Hydraulic hoseAS/NZSISO8402 Quality management and quality assurance—VocabularyISO7296 Cranes—Graphical symbols7296-2 Part 2: Mobile cranes8643 Earth-moving machinery—Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-

lowering control device—Requirements and testsSAEJ818 Rated operating load for loadersASMEB30.14 Side boom tractorsNational Occupational Health and Safety Commission1006 National occupational health and safety certification standard for users and

operators of industrial equipment7019 National guidelines for occupational health and safety competency standards for

the operation of loadshifting equipment and other types of specified equipment

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


7 AS 1418.8—2002


1.5 DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 2549 and the one below apply.

1.5.1 Side-boom pipelayer

A crane, intended for use in on-site pipelaying operations, comprised of a wheeled orcrawler type tractor unit to the side of which is attached a boom, which may pivot about itsconnection to the tractor frame. A hoisting mechanism is attached to raise and lower bothboom and lifted loads.

1.6 EXPRESSION OF PERFORMANCE

1.6.1 Rating values

The nominal magnitude of the various performance characteristics of the appliance shouldcomply with the R 10 series of preferred numbers specified in AS 2752, that is, thefollowing values and multiples of 10 thereof should be used:

1.00 1.25 1.6 2.0 2.5

3.2 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0NOTE: The R 20 series of preferred numbers may be used in specific applications.

1.6.2 Load rating of appliance

The safe working load (hoisting) shall be expressed in tonnes or, for values less than 1 t, inkilograms.

1.6.3 Range of hoisting

The nominal range of hoisting shall be expressed in metres.

1.6.4 Working velocities

For power-operated appliances, the nominal working velocities shall be expressed in metresper second.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 8


S E C T I O N 2 G E N E R A L R E Q U I R E M E N T S F O RD E S I G N

2.1 DESIGN

2.1.1 Basis of design

2.1.1.1 General

The structural and mechanical design, including assessment of loading, material selectionand limitations of stress, deflection and fatigue loading, shall be carried out in accordancewith AS 1418.1 and shall take into consideration the loads and load combinations specifiedin the appropriate Section of this Standard.

2.1.1.2 Mechanisms

The design of the appliance mechanisms shall comply with the requirements of AS 1418.1for crane mechanisms, on the following basis:

(a) Manually operated—strength basis only.

(b) Power-operated—

(i) strength basis; and

(ii) life (fatigue or wear, or both).

2.1.1.3 Design for strength

The design for strength of the appliance shall comply with the requirements of—

(a) AS 1418.1 for crane loads, except that for manually operated mechanisms, the designmay be based on static loading, that is, the duty factors specified in AS 1418.1 neednot be applied; and

(b) AS 1418.1 for crane mechanisms, provided that they are capable of withstanding testsin accordance with Clause 2.6.3 (for manually operated appliances) and Clause 2.6.4(for power-operated appliances).

2.1.1.4 Design for life

The mechanism of an appliance shall be designed for a minimum life of 10 years,determined by the operating time and the load condition applied during that operating time.

For design purposes, nominal load spectrum factor (Km) and the value for running hoursshall be as given in Table 2.1 for the respective classification.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


9 AS 1418.8—2002


TABLE 2.1

CLASSIFICATION OF APPLIANCE MECHANISMS

ClassificationNominal load spectrum

factor*(Km)

Total durationof use †

h

M1M2M3

0.501.01.0

200200400

M4M5M6

1.01.01.0

8001 6003 200

M7M8

1.01.0

* See AS 1418.1 (crane mechanisms)

† Based on running hours of 10 years.

2.1.1.5 Lubrication

Unless materials with inherent lubricating properties are used, the design of the applianceshall ensure that all moving parts can be effectively lubricated.

2.1.2 Interchangeability of components

All corresponding components of the same model of appliance shall be designed to beinterchangeable.

2.1.3 Manual operating effort

The operating effort necessary to handle the safe working load of a manually operatedappliance shall be not greater than the appropriate value given in Table 2.2. For drum typeappliances, the design working load shall include the maximum amount of rope that iscapable of being wound on the drum.

Crank handles shall have an operating radius not greater than 400 mm.

TABLE 2.2

MANUAL OPERATING EFFORT

Type of operating mechanismMaxinum manualoperating effort

N

Crank handle 250

Endless chain 500

Lever, horizontally operated 300

Lever, vertically operated 400

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 10


2.1.4 Classification of appliance

The cassification of the appliance shall be in accordance with the requirements ofAS 1418.1, and the guidance on selection provided in the relevant appendix therein, exceptthat the number of operating cycles shall be determined by consideration of typicalapplications for a nominal life of 10 years.

NOTES: 1 Model type appliances generally have a group classification based on load condition 0. For

more arduous applications, a higher group classification and load condition requiring fatigueanalysis may be necessary.

2 Guidance on selection is given in AS 1418.l for typical crane application classification.

2.1.5 Deflection

Deflections under all conditions of loading shall be limited to magnitudes that eliminate—

(a) excessive lateral movement of the platform or guides;

(b) excessive stress fluctuations in appliance structure connections;

(c) undesirable misalignment of or interference between parts of the appliance; and

(d) undesirable cyclic vibration and related movements.

2.1.6 Bracing

Bracing connecting all main-chord members of the appliance structure to the structure orbuilding the appliance serves shall be provided where necessary, to ensure that theappliance complies with the stability, strength, and deflection requirements of AS 1418.8.

2.1.7 Driving mechanisms

The driving mechanism shall incorporate an approved brake to safely control the verticalmovement of the load and to bring it to rest. Where the mechanism is of the positive-drivetype, the brake shall apply automatically when the power source to the driving mechanismis de-energized.

Where failure of a coupling would render the braking systems (including safety brake)ineffective, the brake shall be located on the load side of the coupling.

2.1.8 Drive isolation

Means shall be provided to isolate each drive, whether electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic ormechanical, to prevent operation by unauthorized personnel.

2.1.9 Guardrailings

Where required, guardrailings shall comply with relevant requirements of AS 1657.

2.2 COMPONENTS

2.2.1 General

Critical fastenings and elements used to connect and assemble components and parts shallbe designed and fitted so as to prevent, by positive means, the development of slackness,which may cause displacement.

NOTE: For the purpose of this Clause ‘critical’ is intended to mean a condition of reduced safetycreated by the consequent loss in controllability of motion or load, or abnormal wear inload-sustaining parts.

2.2.2 Mountings and attachment

The appliance shall incorporate appropriate provision for attachment to the supportingmedium.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


11 AS 1418.8—2002


2.2.3 Steel wire rope and chains

The factor of safety on steel wire ropes supporting a platform shall not be less than 5 and onchains shall not be less than 6.

2.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

Electrical equipment and controls incorporated in appliances shall generally comply withthe relevant requirements of AS 1418.1 and, where applicable, specific requirementsappropriate to particular types of appliances specified in this Standard. Deviations frommotor dimensions are allowable to suit the particular arrangements of the manufacturer.

2.4 PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

Pneumatic equipment and controls incorporated in appliances shall generally comply withthe relevant requirements of AS 1418.1 and, where applicable, specific requirementsappropriate to particular types of appliances specified in this Standard.

2.5 HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS

Hydraulic equipment and controls incorporated in appliances shall generally comply withthe relevant requirements of AS 1418.1 and, where applicable, specific requirementsappropriate to particular types of appliances specified in this Standard.

2.6 TESTING

2.6.1 General

The quality of design (as defined in AS/NZS ISO 8492:1994) of each type model shall beverified by a type test (see Clause 2.6.2). The type test shall be conducted on one or moreproduction units within the manufacturer’s specifications.

2.6.2 Type test

Each type model of appliance shall be subjected to the tests prescribed in Clause 2.6.3 formanually operated appliances or Clause 2.6.4 for power-operated appliances, except that amodel manufactured to a purchaser’s design specification and produced only in limitedquantities need not be subjected to all of the tests but shall be subjected to such alternativetest(s) as may be required by the statutory authority. Where there is only one unit made orfor a large appliance, the type test may take the form of a commissioning test subject toapproval.

Manually operated appliances that have been subjected to type tests shall not be used oroffered for use.

2.6.3 Type tests for manually operated appliances

Manually operated appliances shall be subjected to the following tests:

(a) A test load equal to the safe working load shall be applied to the appliance and shallbe hoisted, in a manner similar to that used in normal practice, through the full rangeof hoisting including the functioning of all operational devices. Where the range ofhoisting of the appliance exceeds 1 m, the range of hoisting for the purpose of thesetests shall be approved.NOTE: It is normally considered to be satisfactory if the tests are conducted through a rangeof hoisting of 1 m.

An appliance shall be considered to have passed this test, if it hoists, arrests, andsustains the various test loads in any working position within the range of hoistingwithout visible or measurable permanent distortion.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 12


(b) A test load equal to twice the safe working load shall be applied to the appliance andshall be hoisted through a distance sufficient to rotate the slowest moving partthrough not less than one complete revolution, without any part or component of theappliance showing signs of permanent distortion or the appliance becominginoperative.

2.6.4 Type test for power-operated appliance

Power-operated appliances shall be subjected to a test load equal to 1.25 times the safeworking load and shall be operated through the range of hoisting or through 1 m, whicheveris the lesser.

An appliance shall be considered to have passed this test, if it hoists, arrests, and sustainsthe various test loads in any working position within the range of hoisting without visible ormeasurable permanent distortion.

2.6.5 Operational test

Every appliance shall have applied to it a test load equal to the safe working load. The testload shall be hoisted through a distance sufficient to rotate the slowest moving part of theappliance through not less than one complete revolution for a manually operated applianceor not less than two complete revolutions for a power-operated appliance. This test shallinclude the functioning of all operational devices of the appliance.

NOTE: For large appliances, this test may take the form of a commissioning test.

The appliance shall hoist, arrest, and sustain the test load in any working position within thefull range of hoisting without adverse effects on any component.

2.7 MARKING

The marking of each type of appliance shall be as specified in the appropriate section ofthis Standard.

Marking shall be in the English language, and values shall be in SI units (see AS 1000).

2.8 TEST CERTIFICATE

Where required by the purchaser or statutory authority, a test certificate shall be provided,and shall include the following information about each appliance:

(a) Type model identification.

(b) Serial number.

(c) Description.

(i) Classification of appliance.

(ii) Classification of mechanism of appliance where powered.

(d) Safe working load hoisting.

(e) Test load applied.

(f) The name and address of the manufacturer, the name and status of the signatory, andthe date of issue of the certificate.

The certificate may be an appropriate statutory form.NOTES: 1 It is not considered necessary to provide individual test certificates for components of these

appliances.2 Guidance for commissioning inspections is given in Appendix C.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


13 AS 1418.8—2002


2.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

Manufacturers shall make available operation and maintenance instruction manuals, or thelike, applicable to the appropriate type of appliance.

NOTE: Guidance on operation and use of platform hoists is given in Appendix D.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 14


S E C T I O N 3 G E N E R A L P L A T F O R M H O I S T S

3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION

This Section specifies requirements for appliances of the platform hoist type (seeClause 1.3.1), and the like, that are not primarily designed to carry personnel. It iscomplementary to Sections 1 and 2 of this Standard but requirements given herein takeprecedence over any corresponding requirements in those Sections.

3.2 LOAD RATING

Each platform hoist shall be rated in terms of—

(a) classification (see Clause 2.1.4);

(b) safe working load, in kilograms or tonnes; and

(c) where required, hoisting velocity (raising and lowering), in metres per second.

3.3 LOADS

3.3.1 Rated load (see Clause 3.2)

The safe working load at which the platform hoist is rated shall be the maximum mass thatmay be raised and lowered by the platform hoist, as appropriate, and for which the platformhoist is designed.

3.3.2 Gravitational loads

Gravitational loads shall be the gravitational forces due to each part of the platform hoist,supporting structure and other similar forces applied to the platform hoist or part ofplatform hoist under consideration.

3.3.3 Inertial loads

Inertial loads shall be the inertial forces due to the acceleration or deceleration of movingparts of the platform hoist and its load.

3.3.4 Incidental forces

Wind-loading forces, thermal effects and other incidental loadings shall be determined inaccordance with the relevant requirements in AS 1418.1.

3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

The platform hoist and platform hoist-supporting structure shall be designed to withstandthe application of the vector combination of the loadings specified in Table 3.1 whichproduce the highest stress condition in the part of the platform hoist or platformhoist-supporting structure under consideration.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


15 AS 1418.8—2002


TABLE 3.1

COMBINATIONS AND VALUES OF LOADINGS

Loading values

In-serviceLoad type

Description ofload

Reference inAS 1418.1

Loadsymbol

Withoutwind

Withwind

Out-of-service

1 2 3 4

Dead load — PGS PGS PGS PGS PGSPrincipal load

Hoisted load — PD ψPD 0.9ψPD — —

Wind forces—In-service windload

Section 4 PIW — 0.9PIW — —

Additionalloads Wind forces—

Out-of-servicewind load

Section 4 POW — — 0.9POW —

Erection andcommissioningforces

Section 4 Px — — — 0.75PX

Special loads

Testing forces Section 4 PTG — — — TG21 P×+ψ

NOTES:

1 ψ is the hoisting factor (see AS 1418.1, Section 4).

2 General load combinations are tabulated in AS 1418.1, Section 4.

3.5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

3.5.1 General

The design of the platform hoists shall comply with Clause 2.1 and the requirements of thisClause (3.5).

3.5.2 Rope-reeving system

Where applicable, the rope-reeving system of each platform hoist-driving mechanism shallcomply with AS 1418.1 and with the following requirements:

(a) The rope diameter shall be not less than 8 mm.

(b) Except where the rope is attached to a drum, rope terminations shall be effected byhand splicing or by an approved type of swaged ferrule wedge-type socket or otherapproved means.

Rope terminations shall not be effected by bulldog grips or metalled sockets.

3.5.3 Platform

3.5.3.1 Floor loading

The platform shall be designed to withstand each of the following loadings separately(ignoring inertial effects):

(a) The gravitational effect of the rated load of the platform hoist uniformly distributedover each half of the floor area (i.e., front half, rear half, side halves).

(b) The gravitational effect of the largest concentrated load which the platform hoist isintended to handle but not less than 1130 N.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 16


3.5.3.2 Platform-sill loading

The platform sill shall be designed to withstand each of the following loadings separately(ignoring inertial effects):

(a) The gravitational effect of 25% of the rated load of the platform hoist concentrated atthe centre of the sill.

(b) The gravitational effect of the largest concentrated load which the platform hoist isintended to handle but not less than 1130 N.

3.5.3.3 Clearance around platform

Clearances shall comply with Table 3.2.

Where the maximum clearance is exceeded, a flap shall be provided at a landing sill.

TABLE 3.2

CLEARANCES FOR PLATFORM HOISTS(excluding tailgate hoists and pit installed hoists)

Load containment on platform(see Note 1) Hoist enclosure Landing sill

Contained 50 mm min.

Uncontained 15 mm max.30 mm max.

NOTES: 1 Where there is a possibility that the load can move and jam in the clearance space, it is to

be considered as uncontained.

2 Some authorities may require a variation of these requirements.

3.5.3.4 Limitation of tilt and sway

The platform shall not tilt more than 2° from the horizontal under the most severe loadingcondition. Stops shall be provided, where necessary, to keep wheeled loads stable on theplatform.

The hoist base shall be anchored in a permanent manner and any horizontal swaying of theplatform shall be limited to an amplitude of 1% of the extended height, provided that theclearances in Table 3.2 are maintained.

3.5.4 Drive mechanism

The down velocity of a platform hoist shall only exceed 0.1 m/s where one of the followingconditions apply:

(a) The platform is fitted with a non-flexible skirt or apron.

(b) The platform is enclosed in a well or enclosure.

A platform hoist that is raised or lowered by a rope or a chain shall be fitted with a devicethat will sustain the platform hoist with full load, in the event of a broken rope or chain.

Where a platform is in the upper loading position, means shall be provided to sustain theplatform and load independent of the hoisting medium. The lower operating level shall belimited by fixed stops.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


17 AS 1418.8—2002


3.5.5 Controls

The controls of a platform hoist shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) Operating buttons or levers shall be of constant pressure and return to the neutralposition except for automatic or semi-automatic operation when the requirements ofClause 3.5.10 shall apply.

(b) The controls shall be clearly designated, and placed so that accidental operation isprevented.NOTE: Where control stations are to be installed at two levels, they should have a mastercontrol that is to be actuated before either control becomes operable and which renderscontrol from the other station inoperable.

(c) Limits shall be fitted to prevent overrun.

(d) Except for tailgate hoists, means shall be provided to retain the platform hoist in theraised position, to enable safe maintenance access.NOTE: Tailgate hoists may be maintained in the raised or lowered position.

(e) When the platform hoist is not in use, except for a fully skirted platform hoist, everyplatform hoist shall be lowered and locked in the ‘OFF’ position on completion ofuse.

(f) A manual reset slack rope or chain switch or switches, which will stop the hoist in theevent of rope or chain becoming slack, shall be provided.

A notice shall be prominently displayed at the platform hoist stating the requirement ofItem (e).

3.5.6 Electrical equipment and controls

The electrical equipment and controls for a platform hoist shall comply with Clause 2.3 andthe following requirements:

(a) Roving pendants shall not exceed 32 V a.c.

(b) The electrical installation shall have a main isolator (see AS 1418.1) located adjacentto the platform hoist.

(c) Electric motors located beneath a platform hoist shall have an adjacent isolator.

(d) For a platform hoist operating out of a pit with an electric motor incorporating apower pack, the assembly preferably should be located outside the pit.

(e) The control circuit wiring shall be arranged and electrically protected so that in theevent of an earth fault occurring the platform hoist will become inoperative.

3.5.7 Pneumatic equipment and controls

The pneumatic equipment and controls for a platform hoist shall comply with Clause 2.4and the following requirements:

(a) Pneumatic motions shall be fitted with a flow control valve designed to restrict thedown velocity to a maximum 0.1 m/s in the event of any failure of the pneumaticsystem.

(b) The hoist shall have a bypass valve fitted. The bypass valve shall automaticallybypass the operating air at a maximum 10% above working pressure.

(c) Pneumatic valves shall be locked in position, to prevent unauthorized adjustment.

(d) Hoses shall be installed to avoid sharp bends, chafing or trapping by moving parts.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 18


3.5.8 Hydraulic equipment and controls

The hydraulic equipment and controls for a platform hoist shall comply with Clause 2.5 andthe following requirements:

(a) Hydraulic motions shall be fitted with a flow control valve designed to restrict thedown velocity to a maximum 0.1 m/s in the event of any failure of the hydraulicsystem.

(b) The hoist shall have a bypass valve fitted. The bypass valve shall automaticallybypass the operating fluid at a maximum 10% above working pressure.

(c) Hydraulic valves shall be locked in position to prevent unauthorized adjustment.

(d) Hoses shall be installed to avoid sharp bends, chafing or trapping by moving parts.

3.5.9 Guarding

3.5.9.1 General

Guarding shall be provided and shall be any or a combination of the types as set out inTable 3.3.

3.5.9.2 Gates or doors

Gates or doors should be mechanically and electrically interlocked, such that gates or doorsare not able to be opened when the platform is not positioned at the corresponding floorlevel.

3.5.10 Automatic or semi-automatic operation of a platform hoist

Where a platform hoist is to be operated automatically or semi-automatically, the followingrequirements shall apply:

(a) The platform hoist shall be enclosed with approved fencing and interlocked gates.

(b) Operation shall be from outside of the enclosure.

(c) A manual reset stop button shall be provided at the platform hoist.

3.5.11 Drainage

Where required, effective drainage of the platform hoist and, where applicable, theassociated pit shall be provided.

3.6 MARKING

The platform hoist shall display at a readily accessible and prominent location, and onpermanent and legible notices, the following information where appropriate:

(a) Name or mark of the manufacturer or distributor of the platform hoist.

(b) Model designation of the platform hoist.

(c) Owner’s identification number of the platform hoist.

(d) Classification of the platform hoist.

(e) The load rating (see Clause 3.2)—

(i) at the platform hoist adjacent to the principal loading and unloading position;

(ii) on the platform; and

(iii) at the operator’s normal driving position.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


19 AS 1418.8—2002


(f) Where applicable a notice stating ‘PERSONS SHALL NOT RIDE ON THIS HOIST’—

(i) at the platform hoist adjacent to the principal loading and unloading position;and

(ii) on the platform.

(g) Where applicable, rope and reeving details (at the driving machine) as follows:

(i) size, grade, construction, lay and maximum operating length of rope or ropes;and

(ii) reeving diagram indicating direction of rope winding on drum and minimumdistance from winding drum to rope-deflection sheaves.

TABLE 3.3

GUARDING

Type ofinstallation

Full metalskirt

Fullflexible

skirt

Bufferswitch

Fencing withinterlocking gate or

door

Platform hoist otherthan in pit

Notapplicable

Yes Yes Yes

Platform hoist in pitwith clearance up to30 mm all round

Yes Yeswith flaps

Yes Yes

Platform hoist in pitwith clearance of75 mm to 150 mmall round

Yeswith flaps

Yeswith flaps

Yeswith flaps

Yes

NOTE: Some authorities may require a variation to these requirements

3.7 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

3.7.1 General

The platform hoist and every part thereof and attachment thereto, including all gear,anchorages and supports, all landing and other platforms, and all safeguards provided inconnection therewith, shall be maintained in a fit and serviceable condition.

3.7.2 Hoists operating in hoist wells

A platform hoist operating in a hoist well shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) Permanent lifting points shall be provided to enable hoist machinery to be lowered forrepairs or maintenance.

(b) Safe permanent access shall be provided to enable adjustment and maintenance of thehoist machinery.

(c) Effective ventilation of the machinery space shall be provided.

(d) Effective artificial lighting shall be provided to enable maintenance of hoistmachinery in the machinery space.

(e) Where there are switches or equipment beneath the cage requiring maintenance, thereshall be a minimum clearance of 600 mm between the bottom of the cage and the pitfloor when the cage is at its lowest landing. Approved means of support, which maybe easily placed in a position for maintenance, shall be provided to prevent loweringof the platform into this space.Li

cens

ed to

Daw

sons

Mai

nten

ance

Con

trac

tors

Pty

Ltd

on

12 S

ep 2

003.

1 u

ser

pers

onal

use

r lic

ence

onl

y. S

tora

ge, d

istr

ibut

ion

or u

se o

n ne

twor

k pr

ohib

ited.


AS 1418.8—2002 20


S E C T I O N 4 T I P T R U C K H O I S T I N G S Y S T E M S


This Section specifies requirements for appliances of the tip truck hoisting system type (seeClause 1.3.2). It is complementary to Section 2 of this Standard but the requirements givenherein take precedence over corresponding requirements in that Section.

4.2 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS

The loads shall be as defined and specified in Clauses 3.3 and 3.4. The load combinationsfor in-service conditions only, as set out in Clause 3.4 and Table 3.1, shall apply.

4.3 BASIS OF DESIGN

4.3.1 General

The overall hoisting system incorporating the components and controls shall be capable ofhandling the design loads imposed, and shall provide a safe condition of the hoisting systemunder the following circumstances:

(a) Operation of the hoisting system in-service while handling the design loads.

(b) Failure of power source of the hoisting system.

(c) Testing of hoisting system.

The designed operation of the hoisting system shall not adversely affect or imposeexcessive stress on any part of the structure or other component(s) of the tip truck.

To simplify fault finding in hydraulic systems, pressure test point(s) shall be provided at theappropriate place(s) in the system and be indicated on the circuit diagram(s). Whererequired, means shall be provided to purge entrained gas from the hydraulic system.

4.3.2 Braking

Braking requirements shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS 1418.1, exceptthat the total restraining torque applied to control, arrest, and sustain the load shall be notless than 1.1 times the full load braking requirements for all operating conditions.

NOTE: Where applicable, any assistance that consistently accrues from the hydraulic system maybe considered to be only part of the total braking effort.

4.3.3 Emergency stop

For any emergency stop action, the selection of suitably sensitive components shall providean appropriately safe response.

4.3.4 Tubes, hoses, fittings, and fluid passages

The cross-sectional area of the bore of the tubes, hoses, fittings, and fluid passages in ahoisting system shall be sufficient to minimize—

(a) cavitation (for hydraulic systems only);

(b) starvation; and

(c) undue temperature rises of the fluid and the system.

4.3.5 Safety features

All hoisting components shall be installed in accordance with the recommendations of thecomponent manufacturers.

NOTE: In some hazardous environments, fire-resistant components are required.Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


21 AS 1418.8—2002


Hydraulic circuits shall be designed and constructed, and the components adjusted, so thatsurge pressures remain within the allowable pressure limits of all affected components ofthe system. The circuits shall incorporate the following safety features:

(a) Components accessible for easy and safe adjustment, maintenance, and periodictesting.

(b) Safety device(s) to protect against the effects of failure of a hose in any supportcircuit on a hoisting system.

(c) Overpressure protection on the discharge side of all pumps capable of handling themaximum flow of the pump(s).

(d) Overpressure protection of all loadbearing hydraulic cylinders.

4.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Each hoisting system design shall be recorded in the form of a circuit diagram(s), and shallbe available on the tip truck. The circuit diagram(s) shall include component identificationand the manufacturer’s operational settings using the standard graphic symbols ofAS 1101.1 and shall contain sufficient detail to make all functions clear.

4.5 COMPONENTS

4.5.1 Accumulators

Gas accumulators where provided shall comply with AS 1210.NOTES: 1 Preferably, accumulators should be charged with nitrogen or an inert gas.2 Provision should be made to isolate the accumulator with a valve to prevent accidental

opening of the circuit while there is fluid under pressure in the accumulator.

4.5.2 Cylinders

The design and manufacture of cylinders used in hoisting systems shall have regard to thefollowing minimum criteria:

(a) Nature and magnitude of load.

(b) Operational dimensions (see AS 2019).

(c) Effective length and slenderness ratio of piston rods.

(d) Available pressure and flow characteristics.

(e) Type of fluid to be used.

(f) Mounting, e.g., ball joint ends.

(g) Cylinder wall thickness.

(h) Piston and rod end retention.

(i) Type of seal(s) and wiper(s).

(j) Type and size of bearing(s).NOTE: Where applicable, the advantages of a hollow piston rod and the use of cushion-endedcylinders or deceleration valves to prevent shock loadings should be considered.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 22


4.5.3 Filters and strainers

A filter shall be provided for the continuous removal of contaminants from the fluid. Wherebrakes are held off hydraulically, filters shall not be placed in the return circuit.

NOTES: 1 Filters should be selected and installed so that the filter medium may be changed without

disturbing the tubing or draining the fluid from the reservoir.2 Filters in a return circuit could block, causing sufficient back-pressure to hold off a brake.

4.5.4 Controls

4.5.4.1 General

All controls for pressure, volume and flow shall be selected so that they are not normallyadjustable outside the safe working range of the designed operational parameters of theapplicable hoisting system. All pressure controls shall be adjusted only in accordance withthe manufacturer’s recommendations. External adjustments shall be lockable or sealed toprevent unauthorized adjustment.

4.5.4.2 Location

The controls shall be located so that the operator will not be exposed to hazardouscircumstances, e.g., falling objects or shear and crushing hazards.

4.5.5 Hydraulic system components

4.5.5.1 Hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors

Hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors shall be selected in accordance with themanufacturer’s recommendation for the application, e.g., gear, vane, piston or the like.

4.5.5.2 Hydraulic tubing, hoses, fittings, and fluid passages

Hydraulic hoses shall comply with AS B226. Hydraulic tubing should not, and hoses shallnot, be used to support hydraulic components or other equipment.

NOTES: 1 Suitable provision should be made to control the flexing and twisting of hoses and tubing

during normal operation. Guarding should be provided to prevent injury to personnel in theevent of hose failure.

2 Provision should be made to minimize chafing of hoses.3 Where practicable, ports on hydraulic components should be distinguished according to

function by the use of fittings differentiating in type or size, e.g., male thread on the annularside port of a cylinder and a female thread on the ‘full area’ port.

4.5.5.3 Reservoirs

The design and construction of hydraulic reservoirs shall—

(a) preclude entry of foreign matter;

(b) minimize aeration of the hydraulic fluids;

(c) incorporate a breather where the reservoir is not pressurized;

(d) incorporate a strainer and filler assembly from which the strainer shall not beremovable without the aid of hand tools;

(e) incorporate a fluid level indicating device showing maximum and minimum levelsunder operational conditions with such conditions being specified adjacent to thefilling position; and

(f) have ample, protected, and accessible provisions to facilitate emptying withoutspillage and complete cleaning.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


23 AS 1418.8—2002


4.5.6 Pneumatic system components

4.5.6.1 Pneumatic motors.NOTE: Pneumatic motors should be selected for as wide a stable operating speed range aspracticable, to benefit from the flexibility offered by pneumatic control and to reduce abruptstarts or directional changes.

4.5.6.2 Pneumatic tubing, hoses, fittings, and passages

Pneumatic tubing shall comply with the appropriate requirements of AS 4041. Pneumatictubing should not, and hoses shall not, be used to support pneumatic components or otherequipment.

NOTES: 1 Suitable provision should be made to control the flexing and twisting of hoses and tubing

during normal operation. Guarding should be provided to prevent injury to personnel in theevent of hose failure.

2 Provision should be made to minimize chafing of hoses.3 Where practicable, ports on pneumatic components should be distinguished according to

function by the use of fittings differentiating in type or size, e.g., male thread on the annularside port of a cylinder and a female thread on the ‘full area’ port.

4.5.6.3 Receivers

Pneumatic receivers shall comply with AS 1210, and shall be removable from the system.

Each receiver should be fitted with an automatic drain trap.

4.5.7 Rope-reeving system

Where applicable, the rope-reeving system shall comply with the requirements specified inClause 3.5.2.

4.6 MARKING

The hoisting system shall display at a readily accessible and prominent location, and onpermanent and legible notices, the following information where appropriate:

(a) Name or mark of the manufacturer or distributor of the hoisting system.

(b) Model designation of the hoisting system.

(c) Owner’s identification number of the hoisting system.

(d) Where applicable a notice stating ‘PERSONNEL SHALL NOT RIDE ON THE TIPTRUCK’—

(i) at the hoisting system controls adjacent to the principal loading and unloadingposition; and

(ii) on the tip truck chassis.

(e) Where applicable, rope and reeving details (at the driving machine)—

(i) size, grade, construction, lay, and maximum operating length of rope or ropes;and

(ii) reeving diagram indicating direction of rope winding on drum and minimumdistance from winding drum to rope-deflection sheaves.

(f) Where applicable, type of hydraulic fluid.NOTE: Other hydraulic fluids are not to be used, either alone or mixed with the specifiedfluid.

(g) Where applicable for the accumulator, the precharge pressure and charging medium.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 24


4.7 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

The hoisting system and every part thereof and attachment thereto, including all gear,anchorages and supports, all landing and other platforms, and all safeguards provided inconnection therewith, shall be maintained in a fit and serviceable condition.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


25 AS 1418.8—2002


S E C T I O N 5 R E Q U I R E M E N T S F O RE A R T H M O V I N G E Q U I P M E N T


This Section shall apply when earthmoving equipment, including backhoes, front-endloaders, excavators, telescopic handlers, tool carriers and similar units are used as mobilecranes for lifting freely suspended loads, e.g., construction materials and other itemsassociated with the normal applications of the equipment.

5.2 LOAD LIMIT

Where equipment has a rated capacity for lifting freely suspended loads in excess of3000 kg, all requirements of AS 1418.5 and this Section shall apply. Where the load is3000 kg or less , only the requirements in this Section shall apply.

5.3 MANUALS

The crane manuals and logbook specified in AS 1418.1 shall be provided with theearthmoving equipment.

5.4 DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this Section the definitions below apply.

5.4.1 Lift point

A lifting lug located on the boom, arm, bucket, linkage or quick-hitch frame as specified bythe manufacturer, to which a load may be attached for lifting freely suspended loads.

5.4.2 Lift point radius/reach

The lift point radius/reach is the horizontal distance from the axis of rotation or the centre-line of the load supporting axle as appropriate, to the vertical load line (seeFigures 5.4.2(A), 5.4.2(B) and 5.4.2(C)). Where a non-slewing machine is fitted withstabilizers, the reach shall be measured from the centre-line of the stabilizers nearest to theload.

5.4.3 Rated lift bucket position

The bucket attitude with the bucket fully retracted and the load line wrapped around theback of the bucket (see Figure 5.4.2(B)).

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 26


FIGURE 5.4.2(A) TYPICAL WORKING LIFT POINT RADIUS DIAGRAM

NOTES:

1 Boom and dipper stick at maximum radius; bucket fully crowded.

2 Radius cannot increase because the rope would wrap around the bucket.

FIGURE 5.4.2(B) TYPICAL RATED LIFT BUCKET POSITION DIAGRAM FOR SLEWINGMACHINE

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


27 AS 1418.8—2002


NOTES:

1 Boom lift horizontal.

2 Bucket fully tilted/tipped out.

FIGURE 5.4.2(C) TYPICAL LIFT POINT REACH DIAGRAM FOR NON-SLEWINGMACHINE

5.5 RATED CAPACITY

5.5.1 Requirements

The rated capacity shall be the maximum mass (expressed in kilograms) that may behandled at the maximum lift point radius, or reach, expressed in metres for each lift pointwithout the strength and stability requirements being exceeded.

The rated capacity shall be comprised of the mass of the lifted load and the liftingattachments. With a standard bucket fitted, the rated capacity shall be established at therated lift bucket position that results in the maximum radius (see AS 2549 for anillustration).

5.5.2 Non-standard equipment

Deductions from the rated capacity for larger than standard buckets and quick-hitch devicesshall be considered to determine the maximum allowable mass that can be lifted.

5.5.3 Lift points

Each lift point shall have a single rated capacity determined at the least stable position.

5.6 DESIGN

5.6.1 Lift points

The following shall be observed:

(a) The basis of design of any lift point or lug shall be in accordance with AS 1418.1,except as given in Clause 5.8.2.

(b) The lifting point shall form a closed eye.

5.6.2 Limiting and indicating equipment

Limiting and indicating equipment shall comply with the requirements of Table 5.6.2.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 28


TABLE 5.6.2

APPLICATION OF LIMITING AND INDICATING DEVICES (see Note 1)

Crane Earth-movingequipment

Rated capacity limiter < 3 t O≥ 3 t R

Rated capacity indicator O

Load indicator R (Note 2)

Boom/jib angle indicator O

Radius indicator O

Level indicator O

Hoisting limiter O (Note 2)

Hoisting limit indicator R (Note 2)

Lowering limiter O (Note 2)

Luffing limiter R

Drum rotation indicator O (Note 2)

Slope indicator (Note 3) R

Slew indicator O

Wind speed indicator O

Audible warning device R

Controlled lowering device < 3 t O≥ 3 t R

(Note 4)

R = requiredO = optionNOTES:

1 The above designations are the minimum requirements. Devices should be applied with dueconsideration for safe operation.

2 Only when wire rope hoist is fitted to the crane.

3 Where the manufacturer’s rating allows use other than on level ground, i.e., >1% gradient.

4 See ISO 8643.

5.7 STABILITY

Stability of earthmoving equipment shall be such that the rated capacity is not greater thanthe appropriate percentage of the tipping load that has to be applied to tip the crane as givenin Table 5.7.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


29 AS 1418.8—2002


TABLE 5.7

STABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR LOADRATING CONDITION

Load rating condition Stability requirement(% of tipping load)

Stationary 75

Pick and carryGeneralArticulated wheel loaders and tool carriers

6650

NOTE: 50% of full turn static tipping load for articulated steering machines is inaccordance with SAE J-818.

5.8 TESTING

5.8.1 Static stability test

A static stability test as defined in AS 1418.5 shall be carried out for each lift point atmaximum radius in the least stable position or slew zone.

5.8.2 Strength test

A static strength test at 200% of the rated capacity of each lift point shall be carried out andnot show any permanent deformation after testing. This test may be performed with thecomponent dismantled from the machine.

5.9 RATED CAPACITY CHART

A rated capacity chart identifying the lift point location(s) and the corresponding ratedcapacity at that position shall be mounted inside the operator’s cab and shall show thefollowing:

(a) Manufacturer’s name and model.

(b) Boom identification where applicable.

(c) Arm identification (length in metres) where applicable.

(d) Track width (mm) where applicable.

(e) Deductions for attachments such as a bucket or quick-hitch device to allowdetermination of the net load which can be lifted.

(f) One of the following:

(i) The rated load at the least stable condition.

or

(ii) Where variable load rating is provided for, means shall be provided to clearlydetermine the load position in accordance with the rated capacity chart.

5.10 QUICK HITCHES

5.10.1 Latching

A quick-hitch that relies on positive hydraulic pressure to remain attached shall be fittedwith an independent latching device that is both positively and mechanically locked in theengaged position and needs to be intentionally disengaged for the attachment to beuncoupled.

NOTE: See Appendix E for typical quick-hitch types.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 30


5.10.2 Identification

The quick-hitch device shall be identified and shall include markings as follows:

(a) Manufacturer’s name and model.

(b) Maximum rated attachment capacity.

(c) Quick hitch mass.

(d) Lifting point capacity in kilograms.

(e) Unique identification mark.

5.11 MARKING

5.11.1 General

When earthmoving plant is to be used for lifting a freely suspended load, all controls shallbe correctly labelled in accordance with ISO 7296-2.

NOTES: 1 A list of Standards for components used in lifting systems is given in AS 1418.1.2 Guidance for operating the equipment, slinging, directing the load is found in NOHSC 1006

and NOHSC 7019 on the competencies necessary.

5.11.2 Rated capacity

The rated capacity shall be permanently displayed.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


31 AS 1418.8—2002


S E C T I O N 6 S I D E - B O O M P I P E L A Y E R S


This Section specifies requirements for and provides guidance on the design of purpose-built side-boom pipelayers. It applies to wheeled and crawler-type non-articulated side-boom pipelayers (SBP).

NOTES: 1 Side-boom pipelayers differ from normal cranes in that often the loads are not freely

suspended and that standard attachments are fitted to assist in forming pipe to radius profiles.2 Side-boom cranes for pipelaying was first published in 1971 under AS B293; however, many

units have been built to ASME B30.14, Side-boom tractors.3 Principal differences between the requirements of this Section and the requirements of other

crane Standards are in the lower stability margin, which can be justified because of the highratio of machine weight to boom and load weight and the short booms being less susceptibleto wind gust actions. Additionally, SBPs are used mostly in multiple lifts to avoid damage tothe lifted pipes, resulting in a relatively low load.

4 The changed and less restrictive conditions of this Section require greater care for safeoperation. There is a need for more stringent inspection of wire ropes and brakes, clutchesand other items. There is a stronger need for job planning and assurance that personnel arealways clear of the area where a lift could fall. The need remains to carry out maintenanceand repairs of consistent quality as specified in AS 2550.1 and AS 2550.5.

6.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

All materials, attachments and gear used shall be suitable for the purpose for which they areselected so as to achieve the levels of safety set out in AS 1418.1 and in this Standard. Allside-boom pipelaying operations shall be performed as designed lifts in accordance withAS 2550.1.

6.3 LOAD RATINGS

6.3.1 Lifting performance

Load ratings at the minimum load overhang may be based on structural competence ratherthan stability. Manufacturers recommendations shall not be exceeded. The following factorsshall be taken into consideration in determining stability factors:

(a) The margin of stability for determination of load ratings, with booms of stipulatedlengths at stipulated load overhang for the various type of mountings, shall beestablished by taking a percentage of the loads that will produce a condition oftipping. The load ratings shall not exceed the percentages set out in Table 6.3.1 forside-boom pipelayers, with the indicated types of mounting under the followingconditions:

(i) The following requirements apply to the application of the values in Table 6.3.1for SBPs:

(A) Lift capacity from which ratings are determined shall be applied understatic conditions only, that is, without dynamic effect of lifting orlowering.

(B) The weight of all auxiliary handling devices such as hoist blocks, hooks,and slings shall be considered a part of the load rating.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 32


(ii) Requirements for the application of the values in Table 6.3.1 for track-typeside-boom pipelayers and wheel-type side-boom pipelayers shall be inaccordance with the following testing procedure:(A) Facilities for testing Tests to establish a static lifting capacity for SBP

should be conducted on smooth, level concrete or other firm supportingsurface level with ±1% of grade and sufficiently large to provide forunobstructed accomplishment of the test.The unit to be tested shall be a standard machine with standard operatingweights, cleaned, and properly adjusted. Attachments shall not be allowedto touch the ground during the test.Weights and measuring devices commensurate with obtaining accuratedata shall be used. Accuracy of weights and measuring devices shall bewithin ±3% of the actual load.

(B) Method of test The test load may be applied by either of the followingmethods:(1) Lifting method The load shall be applied by lifting a weight of

pre-determined magnitude with the load overhang distance adjustedso the machine with the load suspended is stable such that no trackroller of the track opposite the boom side lifts more than 6 mm.

(2) Anchored method The load shall be applied by lifting on a fixedanchor and adjusting the lifting force and boom so that the resultantload line force is vertical when the lifting capacity for a givenoverhang distance is measured.

(C) Results A minimum of four static lifting capacity readings shall beobtained, including one at a load overhang distance of approximately1.22 m and one at the maximum load overhang distance of the boom.

(b) Additional factors, e.g., suspended loads, wind or ground conditions, boom lengths,operating speeds for existing conditions and, in general, careful and competentoperation.

TABLE 6.3.1

LOAD RATINGS FOR SIDE-BOOM PIPELAYERS

Type of machine Rated load(% of maximum load capacity)

Track-type tractorsWheel-type tractors

8565

6.3.2 Rated capacity chart

A rated capacity chart, based on Figure 6.3.2, and with legible letters and figures, shall beprovided with each side-boom pipelayer and affixed in a location visible to the operatorwhile seated at the control station. The data and information to be provided on these chartsshall include at least the following:(a) A range of manufacturer’s recommended SBP rated loads at stated operating load

overhang for permissible boom lengths and for all configurations and modifications,but not limited to stabilizers or additional counterweight.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


33 AS 1418.8—2002


(b) The basis of ratings as found in Clause 6.3.1, including the identification of ratings ifbased on structural limitations. Where ratings are limited by structural competence orrope design factors, such ratings shall be shown and emphasized on the rated capacitycharts.

(c) Recommended parts of hoist reeving, size, and type of rope for various hook loadsshall be shown on the rated capacity chart and in the operating manual.

6.3.3 Modifications

A rated capacity chart shall be prepared by a competent person for all modificationsincluding boom length.

6.3.4 Limiting and indicating devices

Limiting and indicating devices shall comply with AS 1418.5.

FIGURE 6.3.2 TYPICAL RATED CAPACITY CHART

6.4 LUFFING MECHANISM

When using the recommended luffing hoist reeving or hydraulic cylinder system, and withmaximum load capacity suspended, the luffing mechanism shall be capable of raising orlowering the boom, stopping boom motion and holding it stationary without attention fromthe operator. The luffing mechanism shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) The luffing mechanism shall be provided with a clutch or power-engaging devicepermitting immediate starting or stopping of the boom motion. The luffingmechanism shall also be provided with a self-setting brake or hydraulic system,capable of supporting the maximum load capacity.

(b) Brakes and clutches shall be provided with adjustments, where necessary, tocompensate for wear and to maintain adequate force in springs, where these are used.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 34


(c) The luffing mechanism shall be provided with an auxiliary ratchet and pawl or otherpositive locking device, to prevent inadvertent lowering of the boom.

(d) The luffing drum shall have sufficient rope capacity to operate the boom at allpositions from horizontal to the highest angle utilizing recommended reeving andrope diameter as follows–

(i) no less than 2 full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum with boom pointlowered to the level of the pipelayer supporting surface; and

(ii) the rope end shall be anchored by a clamp attached to the drum or by a wedgesocket arrangement approved by the side-boom or rope manufacturer. The ropeclamp shall be tightened evenly to the manufacturer’s recommended torque.

(e) The drum diameter shall provide a first layer rope pitch diameter of not less than10 times the nominal diameter of the rope used.

6.5 HOISTING MECHANISM

6.5.1 Hoist drum

The hoist drum assemblies shall have power and operational characteristics to perform allload lifting and lowering functions required in side-boom pipelayer service when operatedunder recommended conditions. The hoist drum assemblies shall comply with the followingrequirements:

(a) Where brakes and clutches are used to control the motion of the hoist drums, theyshall be of size and thermal capacity to control maximum load capacity withminimum recommended reeving.

(b) The hoist drum shall have a rope capacity with recommended rope size and reeving toperform the appropriate operation within the range of boom lengths, operatingoverhang, and vertical lifts stipulated by the manufacturer. The following shall beobserved:

(i) No less than 2 full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum when the hook is inits extreme low working position.

(ii) The rope end shall be anchored by a clamp attached to the drum or by a wedgesocket arrangement approved by the side-boom or rope manufacturer. The ropeclamp shall be tightened evenly to the manufacturer’s recommended torque.

(iii) Drums shall be provided with a means to prevent the rope from jumping off thedrum.

(c) Diameter of the hoist drum shall provide a first layer rope pitch diameter of no lessthan 10 times the nominal diameter of the rope used.

(d) Positive means, controllable from the operator’s station, shall be provided to preventthe drum from rotating in the lowering direction and be capable of holding themaximum load capacity without further attention from the operator.

6.5.2 Hoist brakes

When power-operated brakes, having no continuous mechanical linkage between theactuating and braking means, are used for controlling loads, an automatic means shall beprovided to prevent the load from falling in the event of loss of brake-actuating power.

6.5.3 Power-controlled lowering device

A power-controlled lowering device shall be capable of handling maximum load capacityand speeds as specified by the manufacturer. Such a device should provide precisionlowering and reduce demand on the brake.Li

cens

ed to

Daw

sons

Mai

nten

ance

Con

trac

tors

Pty

Ltd

on

12 S

ep 2

003.

1 u

ser

pers

onal

use

r lic

ence

onl

y. S

tora

ge, d

istr

ibut

ion

or u

se o

n ne

twor

k pr

ohib

ited.


35 AS 1418.8—2002


6.6 ADJUSTMENTS

Brakes and clutches shall be provided with adjustments, where necessary, to compensate forlining wear.

6.7 DIMENSIONS

The dimensions of the SBP shall be designated as follows, by reference to Figure 6.7:

(a) Overall width, less counterweight—Dimension A.

(b) Overall width with counterweights retracted, if counterweights are adjustable—Dimension B.

(c) Overall width with counterweights fully extended, applicable only to pipelayers withadjustable counterweights—Dimension C.

(d) Overall height without boom—Dimension D.

(e) Overall height of pipelayer, induction and exhaust pipes removed—Dimension E.

(f) Overall height with boom fully raised—Dimension F.

(g) Overall length—the total length of the pipelayer, disregarding the drawbar.

(h) Track gauge—the transverse centre distance of drive sprockets—Dimension G.

(i) Track bearing length—the horizontal distance between centre-lines of front idlers anddrive sprockets of the crawler tracks.

(j) Track bearing area—the area calculated by multiplying the track shoe width by thetrack bearing length for each track.

(k) Ground clearance—the vertical distance from the ground line to the lowest pointwithin the middle 50% of the tractor gauge, disregarding the tractor drawbar.

(l) Load overhang—Dimension H.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 36


FIGURE 6.7 DIMENSIONS OF SIDE-BOOM PIPELAYERS

6.8 ROPES

Ropes shall comply with AS 1418.1.

6.9 SHEAVE SIZES

Sheaves shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) Luffing sheaves shall have pitch diameter of not less than 10 times the nominaldiameter of rope used.

(b) Head sheaves shall have pitch diameter of not less than 10 times the nominal diameterof rope used.

(c) Hoisting sheaves shall have a pitch diameter of not less than 10 times the nominaldiameter of the rope used.

NOTE:The drum/sheave ratios specified are in conformity with ASME B30.14 and aresignificantly less than those in AS 1418.5. This is because the life of the ropes is governed bydeterioration due to weather and abrasive elements. The deterioration is evident to the operatordue to the proximity of the rope to the operator.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


37 AS 1418.8—2002


APPENDIX A

INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRY, ORDER, TENDER ORREQUEST FOR HIRE

(Informative)

A1 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH ENQUIRY, ORDER OR REQUESTFOR HIRE

When enquiring about or ordering a special purpose appliance, the enquirer or purchasershould supply the following information to the appliance manufacturer or supplier:

(a) Type of appliance.

(b) Profile of the building, structure, equipment or vehicle, as applicable, against whichthe appliance is to be erected, with dimensions (including floor heights) and details ofparts of the building or structure, to which the appliance may be attached.

(c) Details relevant to access and clearances of the building or structure against whichthe appliance is to be erected or interface details of equipment or vehicle.

(d) (i) Site details for platform hoists: location (in elevation and plan) of appliance anddriving-machine room relative to building or structure.

(ii) Hoisting systems: attachment details.

(e) Details of other lifting equipment available on site (to enable the manufacturer orhirer to assess whether or not the appliance needs to be self-erecting).

(f) Operating conditions, for example—

(i) special climatic conditions (seasonal rain, snow, and the like) that could affectoperation of the appliance;

(ii) exposure to high concentration of abrasive dust, corrosive fumes, heat, and thelike;

(iii) exposure to explosive or flammable atmosphere or other hazard, e.g., vibration.

(g) Details of intended use of appliance, for example—

(iv) general purpose of appliance;

(v) nature of loads to be handled;

(vi) magnitude (maximum size and mass);

(vii) height of loads to be handled;

(viii) maximum hoisting height; and

(ix) schedule of proposed height of landings.

(h) Details of electrical supply available for appliance.

(i) Details of power source when not electrical, for example—

(x) engine rating;

(xi) engine torque/speed curves; and

(xii) power transmission system to appliance drive e.g., hydraulic, pneumatic.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 38


(j) Details of signalling system required.

(k) Special requirements of design, manufacture, and the like, for example—

(xiii) painting; and

(xiv) corrosion proofing.

A2 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER

When tendering for the supply of an appliance, the appliance manufacturer or suppliershould supply the following information to the enquirer:

(a) Type of appliance.

(b) An outline of the appliance giving overall dimensions, overall height, hoisting height,height of guides to highest working position of the platform, dimensions of protectiveenclosures, clearance diagram around the appliance, and similar information.

(c) Details of performance of appliance and, where applicable, auxiliary equipment, thatis—

(i) load rating (see Clause 3.2);

(ii) hoisting velocity or velocities—raising and lowering;

(iii) method of control; and

(iv) signalling.

(d) Information relevant to design of appliance supporting structure, that is—

(i) static loads;

(ii) nature of support structure; and

(iii) bracing—type and spacing.

(e) Information relevant to electrical supply of appliance, that is—

(i) where electric powered—

(A) rated voltage, number of phases, a.c. or d.c., of each motor;

(B) power rating of each motor;

(C) power consumption of auxiliary equipment (e.g., lighting, heating); and

(D) starting current—full load;

(ii) where not electric powered—

(A) type of power unit;

(B) torque/speed curves (if applicable); and

(C) power transmission equipment to appliance drive.

(f) Special requirements of installation, for example—

(i) conditions at site; and

(ii) facilities for erecting and dismantling.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


39 AS 1418.8—2002


APPENDIX B

STATUTORY APPROVAL

(Informative)

B1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF APPENDIX

This Appendix provides general guidance to statutory and technical requirements for designreview and approval of special purpose appliances.

The Appendix is not comprehensive; for complete information and advice contact should bemade with the relevant statutory authority (see the relevant appendix in AS 1418.1).

B2 CUSTOM-BUILT APPLIANCES

For a custom-built appliance (that is, made or built to order), it may be necessary for theappliance owner to obtain approval from the statutory authority for design, construction,erection, and use of the appliance.

The application is required generally to comprise the following:

(a) A written application completed on a prescribed form.

(b) Identification number and load rating of the appliance (see Paragraph B7).

(c) Drawings of the appliance (see Paragraph B4).

(d) Design calculations for the appliance (see Paragraph B5).

(e) Other information, as necessary, to provide a general understanding of the design,construction, and operational aspects of the appliance (see Paragraph B6).

(f) A statement indicating the Standards with which the appliance complies.

Where the appliance complies with Standards other than Australian Standards, thefollowing additional information may be required:

(i) Materials specifications, test certificates, and like proof of suitability and quality ofmaterials of construction.

(ii) Welding details and procedure, welders’ qualification procedure, and like proof ofwelding quality control.

(iii) Manufacturers’ data and inspection test reports for commercially producedcomponents, e.g., electric motors, switches, gearboxes.

NOTE: Where such components comply with approved national Standards of the country ofmanufacture and carry the certification mark of the national Standards organization, furtherdocumentation may be unnecessary.

B3 MODEL-TYPE APPLIANCES (see Paragraph B9)

B3.1 General

For a model-type appliance (that is, manufactured to a basic standard design identified as amodel) and made to the manufacturer’s specifications (including variations and options,e.g., motion velocities), it may be necessary for the appliance manufacturer or distributor toobtain approval of the type design of the appliance before the appliance is offered for hireor marketed, for the appliance owner to register the appliance with the statutory authority,and for the appliance hirer or user to obtain approval from the statutory authority forerection and use of the appliance.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 40


B3.2 Application by manufacturer or distributor

The application by the manufacturer or distributor is required generally to comprise thefollowing:


(b) Details of make, model, type, and load rating of appliance.

(c) Drawings of the appliance (see Paragraph B4).

(d) Design calculations for the appliance (see Paragraph B5).

(e) Other information, as necessary, to provide a general understanding of the design,construction and operational aspects of the appliance (see Paragraph B6).

(f) Statement of the Standards with which the appliance complies.

Where the appliance complies with Standards other than Australian Standards, thefollowing additional information may be required:

(i) Materials specifications, test certificates, and like proof of suitability and quality ofmaterials of construction.

(ii) Welding details and procedure, welders’ qualification procedure, and like proof ofwelding quality control.

(iii) Manufacturers’ data and inspection test reports for commercially producedcomponents, e.g., electric motors, switches, gearboxes.NOTE: Where such components comply with approved national Standards of the country ofmanufacture and carry the certification mark of the national Standards organization, furtherdocumentation may be unnecessary.

B3.3 Application by appliance owner

The application by the appliance owner for registration of the appliance is requiredgenerally to be submitted to the statutory authority on a prescribed form.

The application by the appliance hirer or user for approval for erection and use of theappliance is required generally to comprise the following:


(b) Details of the make, model, type and load rating of appliance.

(c) Serial number of the particular appliance.

(d) Identification number of the appliance (see Paragraph B7).

(e) Details of the appliance installation.

Where the appliance design is modified such that the modification could cause increasedstresses in the appliance or could otherwise affect safety, such modification makes theappliance a new model type.

B4 DRAWINGS

The number of drawings submitted to the statutory authority should be kept to a minimum,consistent with providing the information required to give a clear understanding of thedesign and methods of construction and erection.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


41 AS 1418.8—2002


Requirements of the drawings will differ according to the complexity of the appliance butare generally to comprise the following:

(a) Small, freestanding appliances General arrangement drawing showing the following:

(i) Leading dimensions.

(ii) Location of limit switches and other safety devices.

(iii) Details of guarding.

(iv) Tabulated details of standard components and the national Standard with whicheach component complies.

(b) Appliances other than small free-standing appliances General arrangement drawingsof appliance, appliance structure, and driving machines showing the following:

(i) Leading dimensions.

(ii) Details of the items listed for inspection in Paragraph B2.

(iii) Details of control system, motion limits, interlock systems, and other safetydevices.

(iv) Details of signalling system.

(v) Tabulated details of standard components and the national Standard with whicheach component complies.

B5 DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Design calculations should include statements of the values assumed for applied andinduced loadings, the basis and derivation of the working stresses in critical parts of theappliance, appliance components, and appliance structure, and of the correspondingpermissible stresses.

Data relating to performance rating of motors, brakes, buffers and other components thatinfluence stresses in the appliance, parts of the appliance, or other components should bestated.

B6 SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Where special materials, welding, heat treatment, or other processes are used inmanufacture of the appliance, or the appliance has unusual operational features, or otherunique aspects of the appliance apply, brief details should be provided to the statutoryauthority, to give a general understanding of such aspects.

B7 REGISTRATION OF APPLIANCE

The appliance owner may be required to register the appliance with the statutory authoritybefore the appliance is used. For this purpose each appliance needs to be marked with anidentification number (see Clause 3.6 or Clause 4.6).

B8 MODIFICATION OF APPLIANCE

Where an appliance owner proposes to modify an appliance such that the modificationcould cause increased stresses in the appliance or could otherwise affect safety, theappliance owner may be required to submit details of the proposed modification to thestatutory authority.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 42


B9 RECIPROCAL APPROVALS

Where design approval for a model-type appliance (see Paragraph B3) has been granted byone statutory authority, it could be possible to obtain design approval of another statutoryauthority, where required, by submitting the following:

(a) A written application on the prescribed form.

(b) A copy of the letter of approval from the initial statutory authority.

(c) Where the original approval is conditional, evidence that conditions of approval willbe met for the new application.

(d) A copy of reports of inspection and certificates of load and performance tests issuedby or accepted by the initial statutory authority.

(e) The documentation specified in Paragraph B3.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


43 AS 1418.8—2002


APPENDIX C

COMMISSIONING INSPECTION

(Informative))

C1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF APPENDIX

This Appendix provides guidance on specific items of an appliance installation, whichshould be inspected prior to initial operation of the appliance at a site, to ensure that theappliance complies physically with this Standard, and following the site test, (seeClause 2.6.2) to ensure that the appliance is restored correctly to operational condition.

NOTES: 1 The lists are not necessarily comprehensive.2 Compliance of performance is ascertained by the appropriate testing clauses.

C2 PLATFORM HOIST

The following items should be inspected for compliance with this Standard:

(a) Footings and foundation.

(b) Bracing (see Clause 2.1.6).

(c) Access (see AS 1418.1).

(d) Platform (see Clause 3.5.3).

(e) Guarding (see Clause 3.5.9).

(f) Clearances where applicable.

(g) Overrun clearance (see Clause 3.5.5(c)).

(h) Driving mechanisms (see Clause 3.5.4).

(i) Driving machine isolation (see Clause 3.5.6(b)).

(j) Earthing (see AS 1418.1).

(k) Marking (see Clause 3.6).

(l) Safety devices where provided.

C3 TIP TRUCK HOISTING SYSTEMS

The following items should be inspected for compliance with this Standard:

(a) Braking (see Clause 4.3.2).

(b) Emergency stop (see Clause 4.3.3).

(c) Safety features (see Clause 4.3.5).

(d) Controls (see Clause 4.5.4).

(e) Clearances where applicable.

(f) Marking (see Clause 4.6).

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 44


APPENDIX D

OPERATION AND USE OF PLATFORM HOISTS

(Informative)

D1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF APPENDIX

This Appendix provides guidance on the operation and use of appliances of the platformhoist type.

D2 POSITION OF LOAD ON PLATFORM

The load on the platform is not to project beyond the edges of the platform and is not to begreater in height than the platform enclosure.

D3 OPERATION OF THE PLATFORM HOIST

Where applicable, the operator of a platform hoist is to be authorized to operate theplatform hoist and is to perform the following:

(a) Take all reasonable steps each day to ensure that the platform hoist is in a safeoperating condition.

(b) Before leaving the normal operating position—

(i) lower the platform to the lowest level; and

(ii) ensure that all driving machines are stopped, controls are in the ‘OFF’ position,and the driving machines are isolated and locked to prevent operation byunauthorized personnel.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


45 AS 1418.8—2002


APPENDIX E

TYPICAL QUICK-HITCH TYPES

(Informative)

Figure E1 shows examples of quick-hitch types.

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


AS 1418.8—2002 46


FIGURE E1 TYPICAL QUICK-HITCH TYPES

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


47 AS 1418.8—2002

NOTES

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.

AS 1418.8—2002 48

NOTES

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.

Standards AustraliaStandards Australia is an independent company, limited by guarantee, which prepares and publishesmost of the voluntary technical and commercial standards used in Australia. These standards aredeveloped through an open process of consultation and consensus, in which all interested parties areinvited to participate. Through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Commonwealth government,Standards Australia is recognized as Australia’s peak national standards body.

Australian StandardsAustralian Standards are prepared by committees of experts from industry, governments, consumersand other relevant sectors. The requirements or recommendations contained in published Standards area consensus of the views of representative interests and also take account of comments received fromother sources. They reflect the latest scientific and industry experience. Australian Standards are keptunder continuous review after publication and are updated regularly to take account of changingtechnology.

International InvolvementStandards Australia is responsible for ensuring that the Australian viewpoint is considered in theformulation of international Standards and that the latest international experience is incorporated innational Standards. This role is vital in assisting local industry to compete in international markets.Standards Australia represents Australia at both ISO (The International Organizationfor Standardization) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

Electronic StandardsAll Australian Standards are available in electronic editions, either downloaded individually from our Website, or via on-line and CD ROM subscription services. For more information phone 1300 65 46 46 orvisit us at

www.standards.com.au

Lice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


GPO Box 5420 Sydney NSW 2001

Administration Phone (02) 8206 6000 Fax (02) 8206 6001 Email [email protected]

Customer Service Phone 1300 65 46 46 Fax 1300 65 49 49 Email [email protected]

Internet www.standards.com.au

ISBN 0 7337 4734 5 Printed in AustraliaLice

nsed

to D

awso

ns M

aint

enan

ce C

ontr

acto

rs P

ty L

td o

n 12

Sep

200

3. 1

use

r pe

rson

al u

ser

licen

ce o

nly.

Sto

rage

, dis

trib

utio

n or

use

on

netw

ork

proh

ibite

d.


as 1418.8-2002 cranes, hoists and winches - special

Documents