artificial transmutation, fission and fusion 2016.notebook...always has two or more nuclear...
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Artificial transmutation, fission and fusion 2016.notebook
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Artificial TransmutationAim: How can we differentiate between artificial and natural transmutation?
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4= natural transmutation
Do Now
Artificial transmutation: an artificially induced nuclear reaction caused by the bombardment of a nucleus with particles or other small nuclei.
Artificial transmutation, fission and fusion 2016.notebook
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How are they different?
Natural transmutation vs Artificial transmutation
Always has one nuclear reactant.
Spontaneous process. This decay occurs naturally without assistance
Always has two or more nuclear reactants.
Nonspontaneous process.This decay must be forced to occur and will not happen naturally.Fission and fusion are artificial transmutation.Fission= to split large nuclei apartFusion= to combine small nuclei together
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Fission and Fusion; Forms of Artificial Transmutation
Aim: What are the differences between fission and fusion?
Artificial transmutation, fission and fusion 2016.notebook
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1n + 235U → 142Ba + 91Kr + 3 1n + energy
Products of fission: tremendous quantities of energy, smaller dangerous radioisotopes (waste) and neutrons.
Fission reaction: an artificial transmutation that takes place when a neutron bombards a heavy radioisotope nucleus (Pu239 or U235) to produce smaller nuclei.
0 92 56 36 0
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Artificial transmutation, fission and fusion 2016.notebook
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Fat ManLittle Boy
An atom bomb is an uncontrolled fission chain reaction that releases the nuclear binding energy of millions of uranium235 atoms.
Plutonium239 can also be used.
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Nuclear Power
Artificial transmutation, fission and fusion 2016.notebook
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• Uses a controlled fission chain reaction to produce energy.• Control rods moderate the speed of neutrons being released to react with uranium atoms.
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Fusion: an artificial transmutation that combines two small hydrogen nuclei to make a larger nucleus and energy.
Tremendous amounts of heat and pressure are required for fusion to occur in order to overcome the repelling forces of the nuclei.
Fusion produces more energy than fission and leaves no radioactive waste.
Artificial transmutation, fission and fusion 2016.notebook
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Mass defect when a small amount of mass is lost and converted to energy because the release of nuclear binding energy is a very powerful process.
Mass defect occurs in fission and in fusion.
Mass Defect
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Artificial transmutation, fission and fusion 2016.notebook
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• Hydrogen bomb (HBomb): Uncontrolled fusion reaction started by fission with uranium.
H Bomb Tests 1:22