Artificial Intelligence ( AI )

Ahmed Ismail

AIT 600Spring 08

A.I. is the study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people

are better. AI is both the intelligence of machines and

the branch of computer science which aims to create

it.

What is the Artificial Intelligence?

Sensor

Actuator

What’s involved in Intelligence?

Ability to interact with the world (speech, vision, motion, manipulation)

Ability to model the world and to reason about it

Ability to learn and to adapt

AI Goals

To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior

To understand intelligence in order to model it

A Brief History of AI

Computer Chess

2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue

Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss

3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue

First match won against world champion

512 processors: 200 million chess positions per second

Researcher tries to maximize the performance of the agents.

Just do it.

Computer scientists approach

Researcher tries to understand how the agents produce responses

Wait, let me figure what’s going on first

Psychologists approach

Computer Chess

2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue

Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss

3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue

First match won against world champion

512 processors: 200 million chess positions per second

Robotics – Hopkins Beast

1964 Two versions of the Hopkins beast, which used sonar to guide it in the halls. Its goal was to find power outlets.

http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book97/index.html

Robotics – Stanford cart

•1971- Stanford cart. Remote controlled by person or computer.

•1971- follow the white line

•1975- drive in a straight line by tracking skyline

•1979- get through obstacle courses. Cross 30 meters in five hours, getting lost one time out of four

http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book97/ch2/index.html

Phil, the drug robot, introduced in 2003

Moving Around and Picking Things Up

http://cosmos.bcst.yahoo.com/up/player/popup/index.php?cl=7318200

Questions?

http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/kismet/kismet.html

Thank you