Artificial Insemination in rabbits

El Gaafary M.N., Marai I.F.M.

in

Baselga M. (ed.), Marai I.F.M. (ed.). Rabbit production in hot climates

Zaragoza : CIHEAMCahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 8

1994pages 95-107

Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l’adresse :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=95605282

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To cite th is article / Pour citer cet article

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

El Gaafary M.N., Marai I.F.M. Artificial Insemination in rabbits. In : Baselga M. (ed.), Marai I.F.M.

(ed.). Rabbit production in hot climates. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, 1994. p. 95-107 (Cahiers Options

Méditerranéennes; n. 8)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.ciheam.org/http://om.ciheam.org/

Artificial .in

M.N.EL-Gaafary' and Fayez M. Marai** * of Animal Wealth, of Efficient

Zagazig ** of Faculty of Agri-

Egypt. ~~~

The success of artificial insemination technique in rabbits depends on various factors that act in a complex way. These inclr.de type of semen, supplementation of semen with s o m stimulators, method of inducing ovulation and doe status.

has been successfully stored on liquid state for short periods of time (6h for fresh and 48h for refrigerated) without serious loss of its fertilizing ability. However, there are few recent information on the comparative values of different diluents. The eficiency of with fiozen semen did not reach the level of fresh semen. This is because rabbit spermatozoa are relatively sensitive to cryoprotectants added before freezing. Cryoprotectants containing hydroxyl groups are relatively less effective than those containing amide or methyl groups. Supplementation of rabbit semen with improved fertility. However, produced a

detrimental effect. cooled rabbit semen supplemented with 5 theophylline was as effective as fresh semen and improved the kindling rate by

-about 22.6% when compared to the non-supplemented cooled semen. The development of a practical method for induction of ovulation repeatedly with gonadotropin releasing hormone without antigenecity have led to a commercial application of its use. Conception rate of the virgin doe is higher compared to that the primiparous and multiparous animals. Younger animals are shown to be less fertile than those of 1.0 - 1.5 years, but conception rate decreased in more older animals. Conception rate in lactating does is lower than in dried ones. Does with high live weight also have high conception rates. However, further studies should be carried out before final conclusions can be drawn.

words: type of semen, stimulators, ovulation, doe status.

Introduction in is in the

has been used in and is

in conception

commonly obtained even

same conditions.

many in techniques have

and making a simple, useable, tool

studies and development et al., Adams, Tawfeek and

1991 and Facchin,

of this is to of the which affect

insemination in

- -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

Some factors Affecting Fertility (Conception Rate) Following AI

1. TYPE OF SEMEN

a. Liquid semen

successfully of of its

or few

on the values of of the. fact, that a good gives

with a minimum of

and Shi showed that a good media €or maintaining the

of on liquid

state. Foote '

that had been also successfully used

of semen.

and Ahmed, - based for

maintaining motility and of

incubation at for at 5OC as

The kindling and following insemination of with semen extended in

composition o€ the two 'diluents

as follows: (i) mM mM

20% egg yolk. (ii)

sodium glucose and egg yolk. Almost all the

inseminations done with or a

maximum of and

b. Frozen semen

that can be with

of success. the of is

liquid at (Wales and O'Shea, et al., although some

and Nagase, and Chen et al., obtained good

of is the main impediment to diffusion of

is that than

solutions to containing

as (Chen et al., a and- Castellini et

less sensitive to to than in

bull and Nagase, 1980). of the

it has not yet

- -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

found an effective nontoxic

tested substances showed negative effects on motility and

amides

1980 and Castenini et al., 1992).

The most widely used

dimethylsulphoxide The effect of

is "salt which minimizes

1976). and Nagase (1980) investigated the effectiveness of eleven substances and

that good motility at 20°C in solutions of dimethylsulphoxide,

glycol, acetamide and ethylene glycol suggesting that these

the cell

nontoxic.

was low of

a subsequent study, the post-thawing (53.8% motility, 44.5% live 70.4%

obtained when using without or acetamide

(Castellini et al., 1992). b f 8 % in the diluent was effective in of

- 97 -

et al., 1993). A medium contained plus 2%

was the best for of

post-thawing, since it maintained the of

and normal A kindling of 42.9% was obtained,

this is still low.

conclusion, the efficiency of with semen in did not

of it is to

combinations and the technique itself.

2. Semen supplementation

Supplementaton of semen with has

attention as a of

in female genitalia (Chang et al., 1973 and Edqvist et al., 1975). The mechanism by which seminal stimulate

an enhancement of adenylate cyclase and a in levels (Aitken and 1985). A positive

levels and was (Tash and 1983).

Addition of semen caused an

and 1991). This was a of motility that moved

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

site of inactivation of

- 15-

insemination a e’t al.,

and and also indicated that supplementation of

kindling (Table suggested that the negative effect might be a of changes in the

cell of the of the

et emphasized that addition of

300mg/ ml to the an

in the of damaged and an of

enzymes such as glutamic - oxalacetic

medium.

of view, addi t ion of

of cyclic 3, 5-adenosine monophosphate such as caffeine and

motility of

et al., Supplementation of cooled

5 of each of caffeine theophylline

effect on cell

insemination of with cooled semen supplemented with 5

theophylline was as effective as

kindling by about when to the non-supplemented

semen (Table should be the types and optimum levels of such

that give

3. of ovulation

Ovulation is induced as a of mating and takes place

inseminated doe must be stimulated to ovulate a vasectomized buck, mechanical stimulation an injection with a

The use of a vasectomized buck is not always successful and may

of disease. addition, as

a complete act yet, it is not

follow et The

mechanical stimulation of the vagina can induce ovulation, but the outcome is Vazquez, The injection of luteinizing and human

can in a of the doe to ovulate

due to antibody even though the doe had a

- -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

Table 1. Some fertility results of frozen rabbit semen.

%e of ectant semen

packaging

et +

15% + 6%

+

and 15% +

+

Nagase Glucos-based

acetmide

lactamide

Tubing

Table 2. Fertility of does inseminated with semen supplemented with pGF2, (from El-Gaafary, 1989).

No. of kindled inseminated

(No.) (%)

L

diluted semen 13

diluted semen + 12 6 50.0

Table 3. Fertility of fresh, cooled and cooled rabbit semen supplemented with theophylline El-Gaafary, 1994).

No. of does No. of does inseminated kindled (%) I

diluted semen a

b Cooled semen

ab Cooled semen + Theophylline

Values with significantly 0.05).

- 99 -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

an initial two (Adams, 1972). An

now available in the of

that can

without eliciting

(Adams, 1981.>, has this

should be given within k 2 of insemination. can be given as long as 4 10 insemination without affecting the

(Adams, 1976).

4- Doe status

A. AGE OF DOE

is a between age of doe and conception

(Table 4). The doès (4-5 months of age) usually show excellent conception (Sinkovics et 1983).

showed high conception (92.0%), while the kindled does

achieved only 67.1% 1991).

studies showed that

low when

insemination of does, was out lactation following the

et 1992), and the highest concepton

does

kindling (Lange and Schlolout, 1988).

B. TIME OF RE-BREEDING

is difficult the optimal time insemination (Table 5 ) suckling due to the effects of each of

and between two successive

The conception was found to be low 15 kindling (19.0%), good between 16-40 days (72.3%) weaning (83.8%) et 1992).

of 11.8% in

inseminated and

1991). conflicting et 1979)

showed that the highest conception (77.8%) was obtained by

insemination on day 2 when

inseminating on days 1, 2, and 4 of does

a - was accompanied with low conception

while does inseminated

21

et 1992).

females than among the ones et 1992),

(1991) found that conception of 60 days of

was commonly low due to

- 100 -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

Table 4. Effect of the age doe on conception and Biro- Nemeth,

Conception inseminations kindlings (%)

4-5

6-7

8-9

10-13

14-17

18-25

conception within 6-7 months

Soon kindled

63

113

81

88

65

45

25

88

57

82

60

70

56

37

23

59

90.5

72.6

74.1

80.0

86.1

82.2

92.0

67.1

~~

I Total 455 362 79.6 ~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ ~

Table 5. The effect of conception - - et

Number of Concepti01 kindling) inseminations kindlings (%)

weaning

1-10 7 2 26.6

11-15 35 6 17.1

16-20 101 72 71.3

2 1-25 65 46 70.8

26-30 25 14 56.0

3 1-40 127 98 77.2

1-40 360 238 66.1

weaning

41-60 102 88 86.3

above 60 89 72 80.9

40 < 191 160 83.8

Table 6. Effect the body weight does on conception (from

of doe Conception at inseminations kindlings (%l

kindling

3.50 22 21 77.8

3.51-4.00 134 92 68.7

4.01-4.50 115 79.9

Above 4.50 38 35 92.1

343 263 76.7

- 101 -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

some of the does failed to show

conclusion, it could be stated that, although does weaning show low conception the that 65-75% of the does could weaning which the

C. VULVA COLOÙR

is no justification of vulva

since females accepting a male in any case. Few

studied the vulva the aim of

does show about conception than in those unwilling to mate (Adams,

of vulva does,

is when vulva is pink

is about

vulva et al., The of is

the vulva is pink

than when the vulva is white

in does with pale white vulva to conceive is will

et al., it may be concluded estimated to be less than with white vulva and 70% with vulva.

D. BODY WEIGHT

body weight and conception (Table The body weight of

the does at the kindling does not influence the conception until

kg, but above this weight, the conception by about - 20% e t al.,

does with kg live weight have conception of 68.7%, it is those above 4.5

E. SEASON

was shown that season of the

affected both

(Sinkovics and

Valentini et al.,

and Ahmed et al., although

to Sinkovics

than mating. Schlolaut et al.

obtained good in

this good

feeding conditions available. and

and et al.

fomd that the highest

- -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

conception achieved

and and the lowest

in The seasonal does

as to those inseminated

weaning.

Conclusion

of has

been achieved decade.

semen could be and the use of

semen that could give the final input at diffusion on a scale is still

This is due to lack of knowledge and application in the following topics

of specific

of a

ation of buck semen with as theophylline

motility and this may hold with semen. The development of methods induction of ovulation

without antibody have led to of its application.

insemination and doe status (age of doe, time of of vulva, body weight and season) have

conditions needed to these

References

of ovulation and techniquees in the

E. capacity of spematozoa in the

of the on Animal

3:

C. E.

technique and application to of Applied 4:

S.S., N.

Effect of climatic conditions of kidding

month on the of some and of

of

Egypt,

J. and W. Analysis of the effects

of on function. of and

J. and G. Adicion

- 103 -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

al semen diluido de conejo: la y

Animal.,

and of semen

G. F.

F., V. and Effect of

of of

' C., and Effect

of on of

Applied

C., and C. Effects of

in the Advances in the 9:

Y.; YANG, X. and FOOTE, a). Timed

of evidence of

of following

Science,

Y., J., E., X. and FOOTE, b).

of semen inseminated at is indicative on male in

of

GONSALVEZ, L.F. and

of of the vulva in

S., S. and, GUSTAFESON, Effect of

of

Scandinavica,

N. of Welsh

and College of

Wales,

of

Fa,. of the

Animal,

Egypt,

Quality ai-d of cooled semen supplemented with

Science, 34:

- 104 -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

N., W. and

(1991). damage and enzymic of semen supp lemen ted w i th

F2,. A n i m a l Science, 24: 153-157.

N. and S. S. (1989). of

of on Animal, Fish

2: 673-678.

A. and (1990). Effects of caffeine on bull semen quality and

musucs. Animal Science, 23: 13-19.

N., A. A. and Z. A.

(1993). of

of the Egyptian on of Animal El-Fayoum, Egypt: 17-25.

(1992). of

Applied 95-103.

FOOTE, (1972). the of

semen of species. Animál

edited by A. C. 99-105,

E. F. (1976). Fundamentals of the of

The of Frozen Spermatozoa. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 4-44, Washington,

J. and (1974). On di lu t ion of Zuchthygiene, 46: 309-311.

and NAGASE, (1980). effects of some amides on of 247-252.

L., and G. E. (1979).

of a Symposium held at the 71St pp 43-51,

Society of Animal Science, of

LANGE, and (1988). The infiuence of

insemination on size and of New

of 130-140,

VAZQUEZ, A. (1984). Evaluation of in New Zealand White using methods of

75-80.

S., W. and LANGE, (1979).

- 105 -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

insemiantion beim kaninchen mit

Zuchthygiene, 14: 37-42.

V. N. . a n d S. (1973). The

effectivenness of diluents for . -

"Skil" i 12:

177-179.

A. A. and N. (1992).

of New

of Sciences, 2: 161-170.

E. and J. (1992).

on

of Applied 407-411.

T., FANLO, and ALAEE, (1986).

en l lème

pp 23-42.

W., and

(1983). Effects on of

with and PGE2 and

of 68:

45-50.

W., LANGE, and S. (1981). Einfluss de

des m i t o x y t o c i n a u f d i e

des kaninchens

Zuchtungskunde, 53: 283-294. .

(1983). Effect of semen diluent on the conception of

Animal 16-17.üF

G. and G.Y. (1988). of insemination on

of pp 333-339,

G. and (1983). Some of in

of Applied 6: 43-48.

F., and

(1971). Fetility of of

24: 111-113.

zs. a n d E. (1991).

insemination of of Applied 14: 72-76.

ZS., E. and (1992).

- -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes

on of of

Applied 15:

J. S. and A. j . Cyclic adenosine

monophosphate, calcium and in motility.

28:

and N. Evaluation technique as

association with and

Egyptian of Sciences,

and A. A study on

between and lactation in the doe, inf luence on

of Applied

A., G.

and A. in

Note 2. Evaluation of

male suitability in a of

insemination

of the

pp

G. and

of

of

- 107 -

CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes