articulations
DESCRIPTION
anatomy2TRANSCRIPT
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ArticulationsArticulations
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1. Synarthrosis (no movement)1. Bony Fusion (Synostosis)2. Fibrous (Suture and Gomphosis)3. Cartilaginous (Synchondrosis)
2. Amphiarthrosis (little movement)
1. Fibrous (Syndesmosis) 2. Cartilaginous (Symphysis)
FunctionalFunctional / / Structural Structural Classification of JointsClassification of Joints
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Always synovial joints mono, di-, and triaxial Strength vs. motility The
greater the range of motion, the weaker the joint.
Dislocation = luxation
Partial dislocation = ?
“Double jointed”
3) Diarthrosis 3) Diarthrosis (free (free movement)movement)
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Diarthroses = Synovial Diarthroses = Synovial JointsJoints
Have synovial cavity = space between two bones
Components that are always present (fig 8-1)
Components that are sometimes present
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3 Types of Motion at 3 Types of Motion at Synovial JointsSynovial Joints
Linear motion = gliding
Angular motion : flexion, extension,
hyperextension ab-, adduction circumduction
Rotation left - right, internal or
medial, external or lateral supination, pronation
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Special MovementsSpecial MovementsDorsiflexion, plantar flexion
Protraction, retraction
Elevation, depression
Eversion inversion
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6 types of 6 types of DiarthrosesDiarthroses
1 Gliding Joint
2 Hinge Joint
3 Pivot Joint
4 Ellipsoidal joint
5 Saddle joint
6 Ball & Socket joint
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Gliding JointGliding Joint
articulating surfaces flat.
• also found between carpals and tarsals
• only slight movement - rotation prevented by ?
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Hinge JointHinge Joint
Convex surface of bone 1 fits into concave surface of bone 2
found in ?
monoaxial
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Pivot JointPivot Joint
Projection of bone 1 articulates within ring of bone 2
Also found in proximal ends of ulna and radius pronation and supination
rotation
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Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) JointJoint
Oval shaped condyle of bone 1 fits into elliptical cavity of bone 2
Also found between phalanges & metacarpals/-tarsals
Angular motion in two planes (= )
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Saddle JointSaddle JointArticular surfaces shaped like saddle and rider
Modified condyloid joint
Extensive angular motion without rotation
Also between malleus and incus
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Ball and Socket JointBall and Socket Joint
Ball like surface of bone 1 fits into cuplike depression of bone 2
Found in ___________
Allows for flexion, ab- or adduction and rotation ( _____axial)
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Representative Representative ArticulationsArticulations
Temporomandibular JointMostly hinge joint, some gliding and
rotationArticular disc
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Intervertebral Intervertebral articulationsarticulations
Gliding joints between ____________________
Intervertebral discs: (Amphiarthroses) annulus fibrosus: tough outer layer
(fibrocartilage) nucleus pulposus: soft, gelatinous core
Account for ~25% of vertebral column height – H2O loss during aging
Intervertebral ligaments
Fig 8-8
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Glenohumeral Glenohumeral JointJoint
Type?
Greatest range of motion (due to loose and shallow)
Most frequently dislocated
Stability provided by?
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Hip JointHip Joint
Deep well fitted ball and socket joint
Stabilization: Extracapsular and
intracapsular ligaments (ligamentum teres = ligamentum capitis femoris)
Strong joint capsule
Extensive surrounding musculature
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Fig 8-15
Hip JointHip Joint
Deep well fitted _______ joint
Participants ?
Stabilization:
Extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments (ligamentum teres = ligamentum capitis femoris)
Surrounding muscles
Most important normal movement?
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Knee JointKnee Joint
Much more complex than elbow
Much less stable than other ______
structurally 3 separate joints
Extra- and intracapsular ligaments
Locking of knee due to external rotation of tibia
Figs 8-16 & 17
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More KneeMore Knee
Extra- and intracapsular structures Medial and lateral
meniscus
Cruciate ligaments
Collateral ligaments (extracapsular)
Fat Pads
Patella and Patellar Tendon/ligament
Anterior Posterior