article 7 transportation table of contents

ARTICLE 7 TRANSPORTATION TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 7-100 PRELIMINARY STREET PLANNING ............................................................. 1

7-110 General Requirements 1 7-111 Preparation of Traffic Studies 1 7-112 Approval of Traffic Study 6 7-113 Coordination of Traffic Studies with Construction Drawings 7 7-114 Coordination of Traffic Studies with Site Plans 7

SECTION 7-200 STREET FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS ............................................. 9

7-210 General 9 7-220 Street Classifications 10

SECTION 7-300 STREET DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 12

7-310 General Criteria 16 7-320 Curb & Gutter 19 7-330 Service Drive 19 7-340 Curb Cut Ramps 20 7-350 Guard Rail 21 7-360 Entrances onto the Public Right-of-Way 22 7-361 Spacing of Entrances onto the Public Right-of-Way 23 7-362 Entrances 23 7-363 Pipestem Driveways 26 7-364 Common Driveways 27 7-365 Maintenance Access Road 30 7-370 Residential Parking Courts, Private Travelways, and Alleys 31 7-371 Sight Distance 34 7-380 Noise Abatement Facilities 35 7-390 Traffic Control Devices 39

SECTION 7-400 PAVEMENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................ 41

7-410 Preliminary Minimum Pavement Design 41

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7-420 Final Pavement Design 42 7-425 Special Requirements for Certain Street Subgrades 43 7-430 Roadway and Raised Grass Median Underdrains 44 7-440 Pavement Patches 44

SECTION 7-500 PARKING, STACKING AND LOADING SPACE GEOMETRICS 46

7-510 General 46 7-520 Parking Space Geometrics 46 7-530 Loading Spaces 48 7-540 Parking Spaces and Travel Aisles in Parking Structures 48 7-550 Stacking Spaces 48 7-560 Fire Lanes 48

SECTION 7-600 STREET SECURITY LIGHTING ..................................................................... 50

7-610 General 50 7-615 The Town Policy for Installation of Street Security Lighting 50 7-620 Luminaire and Pole Standard 51 7-630 Light Source 52 7-640 Street Security Lighting 52 7-650 Pole Placement and Bracket Length 53 7-660 Lighting Information to be Shown on Construction and Site Plans 53 7-670 On-Site Lighting for Parking Security or Advertising 54

SECTION 7-700 SIDEWALKS AND SHARED USE PATHS ................................................... 56

7-710 Sidewalks 56 7-720 Shared Use Paths 58

SECTION 7-800 SPECIAL STRUCTURES ......................................................................... 59

SECTION 7-900 PROCEDURE FOR WORK REQUIRED WITHIN EXISTING PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAYS .................................................................... 60

7-910 General 60 7-920 Requirements 60

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TRANSPORTATION DETAILS 61 Drawing No. Title Page TD-1 INTENTIALLY LEFT BLANK 61 TD-2 General Street Designation 62 TD-3 Intersection Landing Requirements 63 TD-4 INTENTIALLY LEFT BLANK 64 TD-5 Roadway Lighting Geometrics 65

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7-111 ARTICLE 7 TRANSPORTATION SECTION 7-100 PRELIMINARY STREET PLANNING 7-110 General Requirements 1. All streets constructed in conjunction with subdivision plats, construction drawings

and or all types of site plans, construction plans and/or capital improvements plans shall be designed to comply with the geometric standards of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) except as modified by the Design and Construction Standards Manual. The standards set forth herein require that design be based on projected traffic volumes and functional classification. For purposes of this article “site plan” shall include Final Site Plan and Minor Site Plan.

2. When development proposes to: a. Relocate existing streets or roads. b. Encroach upon existing public rights-of-way or easements with physical

improvements. The Developer shall be responsible for replacement of the road, street, and right-of-

way or easement on new location during development of the property. Such replacement shall be to the standards and specifications set forth in this Manual, shall be approved by the Director, and shall be at no cost to the town.

3. All projects subject to the Virginia Department of Transportation 527 Traffic Study

requirements shall obtain applicable approvals from VDOT prior to approval of subdivision and/or site plans.

7-111 Preparation of Traffic Studies 1. All preliminary plat and site plan submissions which contain or are adjacent to roads

which carry or are proposed to carry more than 500 vehicles per day (VPD), shall have a traffic study prepared by a Professional Engineer. This traffic study shall only be required to the point where the site generated traffic is less than or equal to 15 percent of the total roadway volume excluding site traffic or (when applicable) as required by a VDOT 527 Traffic Study. The following information shall be provided for each entrance and street intersection at the year of completion and 20 years from the date of completion:

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7-111 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS A. The number of vehicles per day entering and leaving the intersection shall be

noted on each leg of each street in each direction. B. Proposed or actual functional classification and comparison to the Town Plan

for each street segment. C. The average daily traffic, the peak hour volume, the peak hour factor, the

directional split, and turning movement volumes must be indicated for all streets and each individual intersection approach.

D. Level of service calculations for each street segment and intersection leg.

(1) Calculations in accordance with the Highway Capacity Manual, latest edition.

(2) Minimum level of service (LOS) shall be a. LOS = C at Date of Completion. b. LOS = D at Date of Completion plus 20 years. (3) Recommendations for phased improvements to maintain the required

level of service.

(4) Traffic volumes for the corresponding roadway categories shall be based upon the provisions of the Highway Capacity Manual, latest edition, to predict or measure roadway capacity in Leesburg.

Limiting circumstances which will affect capacity and should be

included in the evaluation are: • Severe horizontal and vertical curvature • Heavy truck percentages • Poor lateral clearance • Poor surface condition • Poor shoulder condition • Signalization • Pedestrian Crossing/Movements

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TRANSPORTATION 7-111 (5) To arrive at the volume/capacity ratio or V/C, refer to the latest

edition of the Highway Capacity Manual or coordinate with the Town’s Traffic Engineer for an acceptable alternative.

(6) When less than optimal roadway conditions exist, reduction in

theoretical capacity of the roadway segment should be accounted for in accordance with the Highway Capacity Manual, latest edition.

This shall be performed for both the peak hour and the 24-hour condition.

(7) All entrances and intersections identified in the study area shall be

evaluated to determine if they are operating at the required level of service. All intersection analyses shall be performed during peak hours, and shall be consistent with the Highway Capacity Manual, latest edition or as determined and approved by the Director of Public Works or his designee.

(8) The following data must be supplied to verify level of service

calculations: a. All level of service worksheets. b. Any assumptions about the network, such as the inclusions of

additional lanes or the growth rate applied.

c. Explanation of any deviation from the Highway Capacity Manual, latest edition, default values.

d. Assumptions regarding the phasing of the development and the corresponding trip generation. E. Proposed design speed and all traffic control devices. F. A projection of traffic generated by surrounding development, based on

current zoning or the Town Plan, whichever generates the greatest number of vehicles on the streets being analyzed.

G. Indication of traffic "divides" and traffic "sheds" with trips generated.

H. Proposed "through" trips generated as a result of construction of any new street (link) in the transportation network.

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7-111 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS I. The existing or the proposed street right-of-way shall be determined and

shown together with the width of street, face of curb to face of curb or edge of pavement to edge of pavement, for each block on every street in the subdivision. Proposed street widths and right-of-way widths shall be in accordance with these standards.

(1) All street construction shall be within the dedicated street right-of-

way. Easements shall not be accepted to make up the minimum required right-of-way if any construction is proposed thereon.

(2) All street widths and functional classification shall be based on total

24-hour VPD counts. The Director of Public Works may stipulate special criteria when appropriate.

(3) All intersection widths, geometrics, and traffic control shall be based

on capacity analysis in accordance with procedures of the Highway Capacity Manual, latest edition.

(4) When traffic volume decreases to indicate a reduced cross section in

the middle of the block, no reduction shall be permitted in midblock. J. Trip Generation and Traffic Flow: All 24-hour volume trip generation rates

shall be per the latest edition of the ITE Manual.

(1) The following items shall be considered in the calculations of the

traffic volumes where appropriate: a. Increased traffic volume resulting from the proposed street

serving as principal or secondary access to any existing or proposed school.

b. Increased traffic volume resulting from the street providing

access to a neighborhood or other shopping area. c. Increased traffic volume resulting from the street providing

access to a public or semi–public facility or institutional use, such as church, nursing home, lodge hall, community swimming pool, private school, fire station, library, etc.

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TRANSPORTATION 7-111 d. Increased traffic volume resulting from a proposed or

existing street within or adjacent to the subdivision serving as a bypass or shortcut for traffic with both origin and destination outside of the subject site.

((1)) Traffic Studies should be conducted and prepared

between October 1 and May 1 of the calendar year whenever possible.

((2)) If the Traffic Study cannot be conducted during the

time frame discussed in ((1)) above, the Applicant shall coordinate with the Town’s Traffic Engineer in determining an appropriate “Traffic Count Multiplier” to use in the study as well as provide for any additional study requirements that the Traffic Engineer may deem appropriate.

(2) Street cross sections shall be reduced in the following manners. a. Drop of an outside auxiliary turn lane at an intersection. b. Carry the widest cross section required through the

intersection to maintain symmetrical approach legs, then reduce width by use of a standard pavement width reduction

in accordance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), latest edition. Refer to Detail TD-1 of this Article.

(3) If a through street has a wide cross section on both ends, and traffic

volumes would indicate a reduction for only several hundred feet in the middle of the site, the full width street section shall be continued for its entire length.

(4) Averaging of traffic volumes (e.g. averaging 5,000 VPD on one end

of the street with 1,500 VPD on the other end to produce a 3,250 VPD volume and therefore a narrower cross section) shall not be allowed for the purpose of reducing cross sections.

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7-112 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS (5) All calculations which indicate the number of vehicles per day for

each portion of each street in the subdivision shall be shown to expedite the review for conformance of proposed typical sections with the Town standards and/or Virginia Department of Transportation standards (where applicable).

K. The preliminary plat, construction drawings, capital improvement plans or

all types of site plans, including traffic analysis, shall be forwarded to the Virginia Department of Transportation for review of roads:

(1) Which are under the direct jurisdiction of the Virginia Department of

Transportation such as: a. Route 7, East of Route 15 Bypass. b. Route 7 Bypass. (2) Which will impact roads under the jurisdiction of the Virginia

Department of Transportation as determined by the VDOT 527 review process and requirements.

L. The Developer shall provide all necessary on-site and frontage

improvements required by the traffic study as well as applicable state and town codes and ordinances.

M. The traffic study shall identify roadway improvements which will mitigate

any and all degradation of existing off-site roadway performance or safety below minimum acceptable standards resulting from traffic generated by the

subject development. These recommendations shall consider improvements to existing roadway sections, intersections, signalization installation or improvement. Traffic study recommendations for the improvement of existing off-site roadways may be utilized by the Town for planning future road improvements.

7-112 Approval of Traffic Study Prior to site plan approval or prior to DPR’s recommending approval of the

preliminary plat to the Planning Commission, the associated traffic study shall have received approval by the Director of Public Works. When applicable, the traffic study shall not be approved until the requirements of VDOT Chapter 527 have been satisfied.

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TRANSPORTATION 7-114 7-113 Coordination of Traffic Studies with Construction Drawings (Subdivision and

Public Improvement Plans) 1. An approved traffic study (if applicable) shall be submitted with the first submission

of the final plat or construction drawings, and shall show to the satisfaction of the Director that:

A. All intersection improvements are supported by the traffic study, B. All street widths are supported by the traffic study, C. The construction drawings agree with the traffic study, and D. The minimum "Level of Service" requirements are satisfied.

E. When requested by the town’s Traffic Engineer, the applicant shall (at the time of submission of the Final Plat or Construction Drawings) provide a certification letter from the Applicant’s Engineer stating that the approved traffic study is consistent with the conditions and future assumptions.

7-114 Coordination of Traffic Studies with Site Plans 1. A traffic study shall be submitted with the first submission of the site plan, and shall

show to the satisfaction of the Director that: A. All intersection improvements are supported by the traffic study, B. All street widths are supported by the traffic study, C. The site plans agree with the traffic study, and D. The minimum "Level of Service" requirements are satisfied. (End of Section)

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TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION MANUAL THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TRANSPORTATION 7-210

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SECTION 7-200 STREET FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS 7-210 General 1. Functional classification is the process by which streets and highways are grouped

into systems according to the character of service they provide or are intended to provide. It is a method of organizing the network of streets into hierarchies of travel movement for comprehensive transportation planning.

2. The hierarchy of functional classification in the Town of Leesburg shall be: A. Limited access facilities. B. Major (principal) arterial streets. C. Minor arterial streets.

o This road type within the “Crescent Design District” would be referred to as an “Urban Boulevard”. Design criteria for these specific roads shall generally follow the minor arterial street criteria unless certain design elements are specifically modified as set forth in this manual and or Section 7.10 of the Zoning Ordinance.

D. Through collector streets. E. Local collector streets.

o This road type within the “Crescent Design District” would be referred to as “General Street”. Design criteria for these specific road types shall generally follow the local collector streets criteria unless certain design elements are specifically modified as set forth in this manual and or Section 7.10 of the Zoning Ordinance.

F. Local streets.

o This road type within the “Crescent Design District” would be referred to as “Residential / Optional Street”. Design criteria for these specific road types shall generally follow the local streets criteria unless certain design elements are specifically modified as set forth in this manual and or Section 7.10 of the Zoning Ordinance.

3. The urban functional classification is applied to the entire network of streets in the

Town of Leesburg. Refer to Detail TD-2 of this Article for a graphic illustration of these classifications.

7-220 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS

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4. The Major Arterial Street System A. The major arterial street carries the principal portion of the vehicular trips

entering and leaving urban areas as well as the majority of through movements desiring to bypass the central town. Significant intra-area travel and important intra-urban may be served by this class of facilities.

B. Within the major arterial system, the concept of service to the abutting land

is subordinate to the priority of travel service and major traffic movements. 5. The Minor Arterial Street System

A. The minor arterial street system interconnects and expands the principal arterial system and provides service to vehicular trips of moderate length at a somewhat lower level of travel mobility.

B. This system serves intra-urban vehicular trips between smaller geographic

areas than those associated with the major arterial system. 6. The Collector Street System A. The collector street system differs from the arterial systems in that facilities

on this system penetrate neighborhoods, local collectors also may provide access to abutting land use.

B. The collector street distributes vehicular trips from the minor arterials

through the area to the ultimate destination which may be on a local or collector street.

7. The Local Street System A. The local street system provides direct access to abutting land and access to

the higher order system and offers the lowest level of mobility. B. Through traffic on these facilities is deliberately discouraged. C. A local street system is further defined as a tertiary subdivision street which

for the purposes of this Manual shall be a cul-de-sac or small loop street. TRANSPORTATION 7-220

7-220 Street Classifications

7-10

1. Streets within the Town of Leesburg shall be functionally classified by projected

traffic at project build out plus 20 years. This method of classification shall be utilized up to and including a Through Collector. Arterials are to be as shown in the Town Plan.

A. Cul-de-sacs, loops, and other streets of fixed vehicular generation Projected Vehicles Functional per day Classification ____________ Up to Local 250 VPD Street 251- Local 500 VPD Street ____________

B. Tertiary subdivision streets Projected Vehicles Functional per day Classification _____________ Up to Local 250 VPD Street _____________

C. Major subdivision roads and streets Projected Vehicles Functional per day Classification ___________ ___

251- Local 1000 VPD Street 1001- Local 2000 VPD Collector 2001+ VPD Through Collector As shown on Town Plan Minor Arterial As shown on Town Plan Principal (Major Arterial) Arterial _____________ __

D. Determination of the functional classification by projected vehicle counts is presented as a guide for subdivisions and planned developments and may be modified by the Director to account for site particulars.

(End of Section)

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7-300 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SECTION 7-300 STREET DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

1. Typical sections shall be labeled by functional classification only. Streets shall conform to the following design requirements based upon projected traffic counts and functional classification. The following tables are taken from the Virginia Department of Transportation Subdivision Street Standards and modified for the Town of Leesburg standard pavement sections, right-of-way widths and design criteria.

A. Geometric Design Guides for Major Subdivision Roads and Streets. No

super-elevation required until projected vehicles per day exceeds 1,000 VPD (8):

Projected Vehicles

Per Day (VPD)

Terrain

Maximum % Grade

Minimum Design Speed

(MPH)

Absolute

Minimum Stopping

Sight Distance

(ft)

With Curb and Gutter Minimum Distance

Face to Face Curbs

(ft)

Minimum Right-of-

Way (ft)

Functional Classification (1)

251- 500 Rolling 9 30 200 (6) (4) 60 (7) Local Street

501-1000 Rolling 8 30 200 (6) (5) 60 Local Street

1001-2000 Rolling 8 30 (2) 200 (6) (5) 60 (7) Local Collector

2001+ Use VDOT Standard- Rolling

GS-7 30 (2) 200 (6) * 70 Through Collector

As Per Town Plan

Rolling GS-6 40 275(6) * 90 Minor Arterial

As Per Town Plan (Major) Arterial

Rolling GS-5 50 375(6) * 120 Principal Arterial

* Width to be determined by capacity analysis; all lanes to be 12 feet wide with 2 foot Curb and gutter and 1 foot curb clearance at median (if used.)

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TRANSPORTATION 7-300

B. Geometric Design Guides for Tertiary Subdivision Streets (9):

Projected Vehicles Per Day (VPD)

Terrain

Maximum % Grade

Minimum Design Speed (MPH)

Absolute

Minimum Stopping

Sight Distance

(ft)


Face to Face Curbs (ft)

Minimum Right-of-

Way (ft)


0-250 Rolling 9(3) 25 125(6) (4) 60(7) Local Street

B. Geometric Design Guides for Cul-de-sacs, Loops, and Other Streets of Fixed Vehicular Generation (8):

Projected Vehicles Per Day (VPD)

Terrain

Maximum % Grade

Minimum Design Speed (MPH)

Absolute

Minimum Stopping

Sight Distance

(ft)


Face to Face Curbs (ft)

Minimum Right-of-

Way (ft)




D. Footnotes: (1) Determination of functional classification by projected vehicle

counts is presented as a guide for residential subdivisions and planned developments and may be modified by the Director to account for individual site differences.

(2) On principal arterial, minor arterial, or through collector streets with

a traffic count of more than 2,000 VPD there shall be no direct access from one and two-family residential driveways.

(3) Grades of relatively short lengths (up to 300 feet) may be increased

to ten percent absolute maximum. Approval by the Director is required and design rationale must show that such steep grades will not cause an intolerable maintenance situation.

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7-300 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS (4) Minimum face to face curb dimensions take into consideration

parking on the street as follows:

a. No Parking ……………. 26 feet b. Parking on one side in “Crescent Design District”…30 feet c. Parking on one side …… 29 feet d. Parking on both sides in “Crescent Design District”…38 feet e. Parking on both sides …. 34 feet

(5) Minimum face to face curb dimensions take into consideration

parking on the street as follows:

a. No Parking ……………. 26 feet b. Parking on one side in “Crescent Design District”…30 feet c. Parking on one side …… 31 feet d. Parking on both sides in “Crescent Design District”…38 feet e. Parking on both sides …. 36 feet

(6) Sufficient stopping sight distance must be provided to safely

accommodate realistic operating speeds notwithstanding the suggested design speed shown in the tabulation. In addition, all intersection sight distance shall meet current VDOT standards.

(7) A minimum 60 feet of right-of-way is required. Increased widths

may be provided in increments of two (2) feet, as necessary to accommodate the full roadway elements including cut or fill slopes. Right of way widths for all roadway typical sections within the “Crescent Design District” shall conform to standards set forth in Section 7.10 of the Zoning Ordinance. Widths shown provide accommodation for sidewalks on both sides of the street. The minimum right-of-way width may be reduced when applicable circumstances warrant such a reduction such as when required street trees are planted outside the right-of-way due to design constraints or parking is not permitted on one or both sides of the street.; however, in no instance shall a reduction in right of width be granted for properties located within the “Crescent Design District”.

(8) Due to the normal density of development adjacent to residential

subdivision streets, standard curve super-elevation is not practical; therefore, on local streets with less than 1,000 projected vehicles per day (VPD) where the posted speed is 25 mph, no super-elevation is applicable. On local collectors with traffic volumes between 1,000 and 2,000 VPD and the posted speed is 25 mph; the maximum

7-14

TRANSPORTATION 7-300 super-elevation rate shall be 0.0208 ft/ft (reverse crown). For

arterials or through collectors with projected volumes exceeding 2,000 VPD or where the posted speed is greater than 25 mph, super-elevation and pavement widening should be provided in accordance with:

(a) Standard TC-4 of Virginia's Department of Transportation

road design standards when performing rehabilitation work on existing pavements originally constructed utilizing TC-4.

(b) Standard TC-5 of Virginia's Department of Transportation

road design standards when performing reconstruction of existing pavements or when building pavements on a new location.

(9) Due to local nature of streets and low design speed, curve super-

elevation is not required. 2. Each street should have continuity of design throughout. Therefore, multiple or

"step down" typical designs will not be acceptable except where a major traffic generator such as an intersection with a collector street would delineate a clear line of demarcation.

3. An adequate public and private turnaround shall be provided at the end of dead-end

or cul-de-sac streets to allow safe maneuvering by service vehicles, highway equipment, and school buses. A minimum 45-foot pavement radius and 57-foot right-of-way radius is required for public cul-de-sac turnarounds with 3 ft min grass strip (60-62 ft right-of-way radius is required with 6-8 ft min planting strip). Refer to Standard TS-1,TS-1A and TS-2 in Appendix A.

4. Each cul-de-sac shall have a minimum of identifiable typical street sections equal to

the normal lot width between the intersecting street curb return and the beginning of the circular turn-around. Absolute minimum length of typical street sections shall be 75 feet (PC to PC). Refer to Standard TS-1 and TS-1A in Appendix A.

5. The minimum centerline radius to be used for local roads and streets with no super-

elevation shall be 250 feet. 6. For the purpose of this Article, "local streets" shall be defined as subdivision streets

with single family driveways. 7. Streets in areas zoned industrial shall have a minimum width, face of curb to face of

curb, of 52 feet, and a minimum pavement section as listed for through collectors.

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8. All elements of roadway design must meet the Virginia Department of Transportation road design standards except as modified to be more restrictive herein. In situations where it is not clear as to whether VDOT’s or the Town’s regulations are more stringent, the final design requirements shall be determined by the Director.

9. Spacing of crossovers on divided highways shall be based upon the design speed of

the road and meet the requirements of the Virginia Department of Transportation's Road Design Manual, latest edition.

7-310 General Criteria 1. All rights-of-way shall conform to the standards as set forth in this Manual as well as

the Town’s Zoning Ordinance. . 2. For a subdivision that abuts one side of any publicly owned and maintained street,

the subdivider shall be required to dedicate one-half of any right-of-way necessary to make such street comply with the minimum width established for same.

A. The Applicant may be required to dedicate more than one-half of the right-

of-way to improve the horizontal alignment or meet the minimum design standards for that street.

3. Where required, easements with widths appropriate to the proposed purpose

intended shall be provided.

A. If the Applicant is unable to obtain the off-site easements necessary to construct streets to the property line, it is permissible to stop the street construction a distance from the boundary of the subdivision sufficient to allow the proper slope to the boundary line, and provide a cash deposit for future completion of the street to the boundary line. Please note that this does not relieve the Applicant from meeting the requirements of Section 7-310.2.

B. On-site grading easements shall be recorded to allow for future completion

of the street when the off-site area is developed. An on-site temporary turnaround (cul-de-sac) shall be required. Costs for demolition of this temporary cul-de-sac shall be included in the escrow amount.

7-16

TRANSPORTATION 7-310 4. A grade line of all proposed street construction shall include:

A. The minimum grade for curb and gutter which shall be one percent, except that the Director may approve a modification to allow a decrease to one-half percent based upon unusual topographic conditions.

B. The length of vertical curves with elevations and stations of vertical points of

intersection (P.V.I.). C. Elevations shall be computed at the following locations: (1) Centerline intersections of streets. (2) Curb returns. (3) At the beginning and the end of all vertical curves. (4) Computed every 50 feet for all tangent sections, and every 25 feet for

all vertical curves. D. The point of finished grade on typical sections (i.e. centerline, top of curb,

etc.) shall be indicated. 5. If a difference exists in elevations of proposed curb grades, curb elevations showing

top of right curb and top of left curb shall be shown on the plans. 6. A smooth grade shall be maintained from centerline of existing road to proposed

curb and gutter to preclude the forming of false gutters and/or the ponding of any water on the roadway.

7. The maximum centerline grade across permanent cul-de-sacs may not exceed three

percent. However, steeper grades may be permitted in certain instances with prior approval of the Director. The cul-de-sac spin out shall be designed such that the grade profile of the proposed curb and gutter construction is computed along the top of the curb starting at the beginning of the curb return and following the face of curb around the cul-de-sac and ending at the point of return opposite the point of beginning. Before entering the cul-de-sac grade, grade ties of the proposed street shall be shown on each end of the cul-de-sac grade profile to ensure proper grade connection.

8. A temporary turnaround / cul-de-sac shall be constructed in a public easement on the abutting property at the end of a street which is intended to be extended with the

development of the abutting property.

7-17

7-310 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS 9. When a proposed street parallels or is located near an existing stream or open

drainageway, elevations of the top of the stream bank, computed water surface elevations and invert (or flow line) of stream or open drainageway shall be provided. Street construction shall not encroach on the approved flood plain limit of the stream except as provided for in Article 5, Flood Plain Policy.

10. Street construction shall be provided for the full frontage of all lots. 11. Street landings shall be provided at proposed intersections to ensure adequate sight

distance in accordance with the latest VDOT design standards or Detail TD-3. 12. Roadside ditches shall be indicated, along with its computations, where the depth is

not in conformance with the standard street cross section. A. Grade ties of the proposed street, before entering the cul-de-sac grade, shall

be determined on each end of the cul-de-sac grade profile to ensure proper grade connection.

B. Other acceptable methods may be used subject to the approval of the

Director. 13. Cul-de-sacs shall be provided at the ends of all dead-end streets, except where the

extension of the street beyond an intersection serves only one lot on each side of the extension.

14. Adequate ingress-egress easements shall be provided when more than one lot is to

use a common driveway. Refer to Standard TS-4 in Appendix A. 15. Traffic barricades and "NO THRU STREET" signs shall be located where required.

Refer to Standard TS-22 in Appendix A. 16. Vandal-proof street name, stop, and yield signs shall be installed within the

dedicated public street right-of-way at all street intersections in a location satisfactory to the Director based on the criteria used by the Virginia Department of Transportation and MUTCD, latest edition. Refer to Standard TS-5 in Appendix A.

A. Stop or Yield signs shall be placed at intersections on those streets which

have the least amount of anticipated traffic. B. Stop signs shall be placed at intersections where the potential for poor sight

distance would necessitate a full stop to increase safety.

7-18

TRANSPORTATION 7-330 17. All private street and private driveway signs that do not meet the vandal-proof sign

standard for use within the dedicated public street right-of-way shall be privately owned and privately maintained.

18. A street name sign shall be required for all common private streets or pipestem

driveways indicating the private street name, where applicable, the house numbers, and designation "private driveway."

7-320 Curb & Gutter 1. Curb and gutter shall be installed for all new construction within the public right-of-

way and shall be Type CG-2 (header curb), CG-3 (header curb), CG-6 (curb and gutter), CG-7 (curb and gutter) according to VDOT standards, or other types with the approval of the Director.

2. The use of reverse or spill type curb and gutter (TYPE CG-6R) is not permitted

within the public right-of-way without prior approval of the Director. Refer to Standard TS-6 in Appendix A.

7-330 Service Drive 1. Whenever a development abuts a road which is included in the State system of

primary highways, a service drive extending for the full length of the development along such a road, and providing limited access thereto, may be required.

2. Service drive construction shall conform to the geometric standards in Section 7-300

based upon projected traffic volumes as set forth in this Manual. 3. Except where impractical by reason of topography, the area between the service

drive and the major thoroughfare or artery shall be sufficient to provide areas for scenic planting and screening. The dimension of the area between the service drive and major thoroughfare or artery and the points of access between the same shall be determined after consideration of traffic safety requirements.

4. Intersections of roadways which have parallel service roads shall be evaluated on a

case by case basis for operation and safety. Capacity analysis of the roadway/service road intersection may require elimination of movements from the service road via use of channelization or termination at the corner lot.

7-19

7-340 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS 7-340 Curb Cut Ramps 1. Ramps for the Physically Handicapped: A. All single-family residential and all multi-family housing developments shall

provide the Virginia Department of Transportation standard curb cut ramps located to provide access to and from the development by the public.

B. In parking lots, standard curb cut ramps shall be located at handicapped

parking spaces and major crosswalks and shown on the Site Plan or Construction Drawings. Where site sidewalks are constructed at various vertical elevations, a curb cut ramp shall be installed at each sidewalk elevation.

C. Churches, schools and other facilities where the public assembles shall

provide standard curb cut ramps as required by the Director. D. Curb cut ramps for physically handicapped persons shall be provided as

follows: (1) When constructed within the public right-of-way, the location shall

meet the latest VDOT requirements for curb cut ramps. (2) When constructed on-site the location shall be as close as possible to

the entrance of the building, which is fully accessible to the physically handicapped. In addition, it shall provide a route for the handicapped from vehicle to building which does not traverse parking lot aisles, travelways, or vehicle stacking areas.

E. All curb cut ramps, whether in the public right-of-way or on private property,

shall be designed and constructed in accordance with all VDOT design and construction standards and requirements including, but not limited to, appropriate spot shots, truncated domes, etc. Refer to Standard TS-8 in Appendix A.

7-20

TRANSPORTATION 7-350 7-350 Guard Rail 1. All guard rail shall comply with the latest VDOT standards unless modified by

requirements specified herein. A. The actual starting and stopping point of the guard rail will be: (1) Indicated on the construction plans, and (2) Adjusted by the Town of Leesburg Inspector in the field after the fill

has been placed. B. Alternatives to standard VDOT guard rail which may be permitted in

subdivisions are: (1) A rustic wood post and wood rail design. (2) A weathered steel guard rail with wooden posts. Written approval of the Director for the alternatives within the public right-

of-way is required prior to plan approval by the Town. C. The following note shall appear on all plans: "Standard guard and hand rails shall be installed at hazardous

locations as designated during final field inspection by the Town of Leesburg."

D. For design criteria associated with a specific type of guard rail, refer to the

American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Roadside Design Guide, latest edition.

E. At a minimum, the Construction Plans shall meet the latest VDOT and

AASHTO requirements and standards and include, but not limited to, the following:

(1) Strong post or weak post system and design criteria. (2) Terminal end treatment and anchorage.

7-21

7-360 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS (3) Warrant for guardrail installation. (4) Curvature radius, if applicable. (5) Installation height. (6) Weed control provisions. 7-360 Entrances onto the Public Right-of-Way

1. Driveway entrances shall be designed to accommodate all vehicle types having occasion to enter the site, including delivery vehicles. There shall be not more than one entrance and exit or one combined entrance and exit along any street frontage unless deemed necessary by the Director in order to alleviate traffic congestion and interference along such street. The width of all entrances and exits to off-street parking and loading areas shall comply with the requirements herein, , except that the Director may authorize a narrower driveway width for parking and loading areas within the H-1 overlay district when the following criteria is met:

A. The driveway leading to the off-street parking or loading area is not longer

than 50 feet in length. B. The driveway provides access to not more than ten parking spaces. C. Sufficient turning space is provided so that vehicles need not back into a

public street. 2. On principal arterial, minor arterial or through collector streets with a projected

traffic volume of more than 2,000 VPD, there shall be no direct access of one and two-family residential driveways.

3. Whenever a subdivision proposes lots which will have street frontage on two

opposite sides, then a two-foot no access easement shall be provided at the rear of double-frontage lots.

7-22

TRANSPORTATION 7-362 7-361 Spacing of Entrances onto the Public Right-of-Way 1. No entrance (commercial or private) shall be placed within the limits of a public

street intersection auxiliary lane (to include storage bay or taper). 2. The entrance centerline for commercial entrances shall align with those on the

opposite side of the street or shall be offset a minimum of 200 feet. Under specific circumstances, the Director may modify this minimum dimensional requirement when sufficient justification is provided by the Applicant.

3. The entrance centerline for commercial entrances entering along the same side of the

street shall be spaced a minimum of 200 feet. Under specific circumstances, the Director may modify this minimum dimensional requirement when sufficient justification is provided by the Applicant.

4. Generally, private entrances (one- and two-family residential driveway entrances)

shall be separated a minimum of four feet from edge of apron to edge of apron. Refer to Standard TS-21 in Appendix A.

5. No entrance onto a street intersecting a street classified as a minor arterial or higher, shall be placed closer than 200 feet (PC to PC) from the nearest edge of the right-of-

way for the arterial street. Under specific circumstances, the Director may modify this minimum dimensional requirement when sufficient justification is provided by the Applicant.

6. No side street entrance shall be placed closer than 25 feet from the curb return of a

road classified as a Through Collector or lesser classification. This separation shall be measured PC to PC.

7–362 Entrances 1. Only two types of entrances onto the highway system are permitted, private entrance

and commercial entrance. A. "Private Entrance" shall mean a one- or two-family residential driveway

entering onto the public right-of-way. B. "Commercial Entrance" shall mean all other access points onto the public

right-of-way.

7-23

7-362 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS C. Subdivision street connections to the existing highway system are considered

as commercial entrances until such time as these streets are accepted into the public system.

D. Roads within subdivisions must meet the sight distance requirements of

commercial entrances at their intersections. 2. At all driveway entrances (including pipestem entrances), the size, length, and type of driveway entrance and culvert shall be indicated on development plans. A. TS-20 in Appendix A of this Manual is to be used at all one- and two-family

residential lots entering onto streets with curb and gutter. B. TS-10 in Appendix A of this Manual is to be used at all one- and two-family

residential lots entering onto streets with shoulder and ditch. C. TS-4 in Appendix A of this Manual is to be used for all single family

residential pipestem driveways entering onto streets with curb and gutter.

D. TS-11 in Appendix A of this Manual is to be used for all single family residential pipestem driveways entering onto streets with shoulder and ditch.

E. Where driveway grades exceed eight percent, a profile of the driveway for at

least 25 feet outside the right-of-way must be provided to demonstrate that vehicles will not "bottom out" or "scrape" while entering or leaving the public right-of-way.

3. The following standard entrances shall be constructed for all commercial entrances.

A. TS-12C in Appendix A of this Manual shall be used within the limits of the Historic District or where pedestrian movements warrant this type of entrance as determined by the Director.

B. CG-9D (modified) shall be used within the limits of the Historic District

where the entrance crosses a brick sidewalk. C. CG-11 shall be used for all entrances onto a public street with a curb inlet

located immediately upstream of the entrance. The Director may modify this requirement under unique circumstances when sufficient justification is provided by the Applicant.

7-24

TRANSPORTATION 7-362 D. The Director may modify the type of entrance required in order to maintain

consistency along a street segment. E. Where entrance grades beyond the apron exceed eight (8) percent, a profile

of the on-site travelway for at least 50 feet must be provided to demonstrate that vehicles will not "bottom out" or "scrape" while entering or leaving the public right-of-way.

4. All elements of entrances onto the public right-of-way shall meet the requirements

as set forth by the Virginia Department of Transportation except as modified herein. 5. All commercial entrances shall be designed such that all vehicle types that may use

the entrance can enter and exit the entrance without committing an illegal traffic maneuver within the public right-of-way. Further, the design of the entrance will be such that a vehicle may enter and exit the entrance to the right of the driveway centerline.

6. All private streets which enter onto the public right-of-way shall meet the design

requirements for public road intersections. 7. All common driveways serving more than 100 VPD or ten single family residences,

shall meet the design requirements for public road intersections where the common driveway enters the public right-of-way.

8. All common driveways serving less than or equal to 100 VPD, or ten single family

residences, shall meet the design requirements for commercial entrances where the common driveway enters the public right-of-way.

9. All common parking courts serving more than 100 VPD or 14 dwelling units, shall

meet the design requirements for public road intersections where the common parking court enters the public right-of-way.

10. All common parking courts serving less than or equal to 100 VPD, or 14 dwelling

units, shall meet the design requirements for commercial entrances where the common parking court enters the public right-of-way.

7-25


7-363 Pipestem Driveways

1. All units which share a pipestem driveway shall provide a minimum of two on-site parking spaces per dwelling. In addition, these driveways shall be clearly labeled "No Parking Along Driveway" on all plats and plans submitted.

2. Access Easements A. Adequate ingress and egress easements shall be provided when more than one lot is to use a common driveway.

B. All pipestem driveways regardless of number of units served or easement width shall have such additional easements provided for slope maintenance

where necessary due to steepness in terrain.

(1) Easements shall note which lots have the right to use these driveways.

(2) Access easements are to include rights of access for publicly owned and emergency vehicles.

3. Design Criteria A. The design for all pipestem driveways which are to serve more than one lot

shall be shown in typical section and on the grading plan of the construction plans, together with turnaround and required utilities, and shall be included in the completion bond for the project.

B. Pipestem driveways shall be constructed in accordance with the standards as

set forth in this Manual and materials shall conform to Virginia Department of Transportation's Road and Bridge Specifications, latest edition. Refer to Standard TS-4 and TS-11 in Appendix A

(1) The maximum grade for all pipestem driveways shall be 12 percent. (2) All pipestem driveways shall have an adequate angle of approach

and angle of departure.

(3) The minimum centerline radius of pipestem driveways is 50 feet. (4) Provision shall be made for a turnaround on all pipestem driveways

serving three or more lots as per Standard TS-2 in Appendix A.

7-26

TRANSPORTATION 7-364 C. An approved alternative to standard asphalt driveways is a five-inch non-

reinforced Portland cement concrete pavement subject to the following: (1) Concrete shall be the Virginia Department of Transportation, Class

A3. Refer to the Virginia Department of Transportation Road and Bridge Specifications , latest edition.

(2) Concrete may be hand finished and shall be provided with a broom

texture. (3) Forming, testing, jointing, finishing, curing, protection of pavement

and opening to traffic shall be in accordance with the Virginia Department of Transportation Road and Bridge Specifications, latest edition.

(4) Transverse crack control joints shall be provided at a maximum

spacing of l5 feet. (5) Longitudinal control joints shall be provided in all pavement sections

wider than l2 feet. (6) Stormwater runoff shall not be longitudinally channeled within the

paved portion of the pipestem driveway. 7-364 Common Driveways

1. All units which share a common driveway shall provide a minimum of two on-site

parking spaces per dwelling. In addition, these driveways shall be clearly labeled "no parking along driveway" on all plats and plans submitted.

2. Access Easements A. Adequate ingress and egress easements shall be provided when more than

one lot is to use a common driveway. B. All common driveways, regardless of number of units served or easement

width shall have such additional easements provided for slope maintenance where necessary due to steepness in terrain.

7-27

7-364 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS (1) Easements shall note which lots have the right to use these

driveways. (2) Access easements are to include rights of access for publicly owned

and emergency vehicles. 3. Design Criteria A. The design for all common driveways which are to serve more than one lot

shall be shown in typical section and on the grading plan of the construction plans, together with turnaround and required utilities, and shall be included in the completion bond for the project.

B. Common driveways shall be constructed in accordance with the standards as

set forth in this Manual and materials shall conform to Virginia Department of Transportation Road and Bridge Specifications, latest edition. Refer to Standards TS-10 and TS-20 in Appendix A.

(1) Common driveways serving less than 100 VPD or ten single-family

residences shall be designed in accordance with the following: a. Design speed shall be 15 MPH. b. Pavement, easements and function. Common driveways

under this Section shall have a minimum pavement width of 24 feet, a minimum easement width of 40 feet, and shall not serve a through function.

c. Minimum separation distance from abutting residences. No

common driveway shall be located closer than 25 feet to any abutting residential zoning district or the lot line of any

existing residential use which is not directly served by the common driveway.

d. Maximum length. No common driveway shall extend a

distance of more than 600 feet from a public road to the property which the common driveway serves, or exceed a total length of 1,200 feet if a loop street.

7-28

TRANSPORTATION 7-364 e. Identification of common driveway. Each common driveway

shall be clearly identified as a private drive. A single sign, not to exceed two square feet in area, shall be posted at the

entrance of each such driveway, displaying only the words "Private Drive" and the addresses of any residences utilizing the common driveway.

f. Final plat requirements. In addition to all other requirements

for a final plat, any subdivision containing a common driveway shall include a statement on the final plat acknowledging the private maintenance responsibility, and guaranteeing public utility and emergency vehicle access.

g. The maximum grade for all common driveways shall be 10

percent. h. Provision shall be made for an AASHTO "SU" vehicle

turnaround on all common driveways serving three or more lots as per Standard TS-2 in Appendix A.

i. An AASHTO WB-50 vehicle must be able to back into and exit the common driveway.

(2) Common driveways serving more than 100 VPD or ten single-family

detached residences shall be designed in accordance with the following:

a. Design speed shall be 25 MPH. b. Pavement, easements and function. Common driveways

under this section shall have a minimum pavement width of 30 feet, a minimum public easement width of 50 feet, and

shall not serve a through function. c. Minimum separation distance from abutting residences. No

common driveway shall be located closer than 25 feet to any abutting residential zoning district or the lot line of any existing residential use which is not directly served by the common driveway.

7-29

7-365 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS d. Maximum length. No common driveway shall extend a distance of more than 600 feet from a public road to the property which the common driveway serves, or exceed a

total length of 1,200 feet if a loop street, unless approved by the Town Council.

e. Identification of common driveway. Each common driveway

shall be clearly identified as a private drive. A single sign, not to exceed two square feet in area, shall be posted at the entrance of each such driveway, displaying only the words "Private Drive" and the addresses of any residences utilizing the common driveway.

f. Final plat requirements. In addition to all other requirements

for a final plat, any subdivision containing a common driveway shall include a statement on the final plat acknowledging the private maintenance responsibility, and

guaranteeing public utility and emergency vehicle access. g. The maximum grade for all common driveways shall be 10

percent. h. Common driveways which are connected to the public right-

of-way at each terminal point of the driveway, must accommodate an AASHTO WB-50 vehicle.

i. Common driveways or any portion thereof which have only

one connection to the public right-of-way must make provision for a turnaround at each of the common driveway terminal points which will accommodate an AASHTO WB-50 vehicle.

7-365 Maintenance Access Roads

1. Maintenance Access Roads shall be designed to provide adequate access to applicable water, sanitary sewer and storm sewer facilities as noted in Articles 2, 4 and 5 of this manual. See Standard TS-19 in Appendix A for Access Road construction detail.

7-30

TRANSPORTATION 7-370 7-370 Residential Parking Courts, Private Travelways and Alleys

1. Definitions:

A. Residential Common Parking Courts are defined as private parking areas

(including drive aisles that provide direct access to adjacent parking spaces) which are intended for the principal use of owners and occupants of the properties.

B. Residential Private Travelways are defined as privately maintained drive

aisles that serve as primary access to single family attached units, duplex and multi-family units that are not directly adjacent to parking spaces.

C. Residential Alleys are defined as Secondary Privately Maintained

Travelways that provide vehicular access to rear yard driveways and/or garages of residential properties where permitted by the Zoning Ordinance and where either a required minimum Private Travelway or Public Street frontage is provided along the front of the residential properties. Alleys are intended for private use only and not for general traffic circulation or public street dedication.

2. Access Easements

A. Adequate ingress and egress easements shall be provided when more than

one lot is to use a parking court, private travelway or alley and suitable provision shall be made for an AASHTO "SU" vehicle turnaround on all parking courts, private travelways or alleys serving three or more lots as per Standard TS-2 in Appendix A.

B. All parking courts, regardless of number of units served or easement width

shall have such additional easements provided for slope maintenance where necessary due to steepness in terrain.

(1) Easements shall note which lots have the right to use these parking

courts or alleys.

(2) Access easements are to include rights of access for publicly owned and emergency vehicles.

(3) All alleys shall have a minimum 20 feet Access Easement.

7-31

7-370 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS 3. Design Criteria

A. The design for all parking courts, private travelways or alleys, which are to serve more than one lot, shall be shown in typical section and on the grading plan of the construction plans, together with turnaround and required utilities, and shall be included in the completion bond for the project.

B. Unless previously approved by the Director, no parking court shall serve a

through function between public streets. C. Dimensions of parking spaces: The width of all aisles and sizes of all parking spaces shall comply with the

standards established in this Manual and/or the Leesburg Zoning Ordinance.

D. Minimum separation distance from abutting residences: No parking courts, private travelways or alleys shall be located closer than 25 feet to any abutting residential zoning district or the lot line of any existing residential use which is not directly served by the parking courts or alleys.

E. Identification of parking courts, private travelways or alleys:

Each parking court, private travelway or alley shall be clearly identified as a private roadway. Alleys, private travelways and parking courts shall be assigned a name.

F. Parking courts, private travelways and alleys with no adjacent parking bays

shall be clearly labeled "No Parking" on all plans and plats submitted for review.

G. Final plat requirements: In addition to all other requirements for a final plat, any subdivision containing a parking court, private travelway or alley shall include a statement on the final plat acknowledging the private maintenance responsibility and guaranteeing public utility and emergency vehicle access.

H. The maximum grade for all parking courts, private travelways or alleys shall

be 12 percent.

7-32

TRANSPORTATION 7-370 I. All parking courts, private travelways or alleys shall have an adequate angle

of approach and angle of departure of 85 degrees or greater where they intersect with public roads.

J. The minimum centerline radius of parking court, private travelway or alley

travel aisles shall be 50 feet, with no adjacent parking unless a modification is approved by the Director.

K. All alleys shall be constructed with a curb and gutter.

L. The minimum width of an alley shall be 18 feet measured face of curb to face of curb. Minimum width criteria for one-way traffic will be considered on a case by case basis.

M. Unless otherwise permitted by the Zoning Ordinance, no garage shall be

located any closer than 5 feet to the face of curb. When the outside edge of a garage is permitted to be closer than 5 feet to the face of curb, the alley width shall be increased to the satisfaction of the Director to permit adequate backing and turning movements.

(End of Section)

7-33

7-371 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS 7-371 Sight Distance

1. Minimum sight distances for all streets and roads shall conform to the latest VDOT standards and requirements.

2. Passing sight distance shall be measured in accordance with the latest VDOT

standards and requirements.

3. The intersection, entrance and crossover sight distances shall be based on the major roadway’s design speed and latest VDOT standards and requirements.

4. The designer shall check each intersection to ensure that the required sight

distances are obtained. Any deficiency shall be corrected with a revised design.

5. The term "Major Road", “Major Roadway” or “Major Street” refers to the road with the highest volume of traffic for the intersecting roads.

6. The sight distance in both directions shall be shown on the plans for all intersections, commercial entrances, and crossovers.

7. All private entrances shall meet all minimum VDOT sight distance requirements.

8. At any location where the line of sight is significantly different than the point of grade indicated on the profile (i.e., across islands, medians, or outside the right-of-way), a profile of the ground under the line of sight shall be provided.

9. Sight distance easements across lots shall be provided where the line of sight departs the right-of-way. Easements shall extend, interior to the lot, five (5) feet beyond the line of sight.

10. Sight distance analysis shall consider trees, landscaping, vegetation, parked vehicles or other physical obstructions which prevent an unobstructed view within the area prescribed by the design sight distance triangle for the intersection.

11. On existing roadways, the design speed shall be defined as 5 mph in excess of the posted speed.

12. Profiles of existing and proposed roads must be shown for a minimum of 350 feet or the applicable sight distance length, whichever is greater, beyond the limits of construction.

7-34

TRANSPORTATION 7-380 7-380 Noise Abatement Facilities On streets where the Town of Leesburg by specific Town Council Resolution has

designated noise abatement districts or corridors, the grading plans for the subdivisions and site plans shall show noise abatement measures where the Director deems such construction would be effective. When noise abatement is dictated by the requirements of the Zoning Ordinance and the Director has deemed such construction to be effective for a particular application, a pre-application meeting will be scheduled with town staff to determine the scope and nature of a noise abatement study.

1. Each street shall be considered as a separate case and as such, each noise abatement

facility must be designed separately to achieve the desired results. Noise abatement facilities may be provided by any of the following three methods:

A. Design the highway so that some form of solid material such as earth or

concrete blocks follow the line of sight between the noise source and the receivers; or

B. Modifying distance, such as providing greater setbacks; or C. Modifying elevation, such as lowering or raising the source so as to remove

it from the plane in which its force will be the strongest against that which is to be protected.

2. The design of noise abatement facilities requires special engineering to dissipate the

noise, not relocate it; this shall be the responsibility of the submitting engineer. It is also the responsibility of the submitting engineer to prove to the Director that he has provided noise abatement design in those areas designated by the Town of Leesburg.

A. “Noise” shall be defined as unwanted sound. Motor vehicles generate traffic

noise from the motor, aerodynamics, exhaust, and interaction of tires with the roadway. Efforts shall be made to minimize the radiation of noise into noise-sensitive areas along the highway. The designer shall evaluate probable noise levels and the effectiveness of reducing highway traffic noise through location and design features. The physical measurement of human reaction to sound is difficult, because there is no instrument that is capable of measuring this directly. A close correlation can be obtained by using the A-scale on a standard sound level meter. (dBA)

7-35

7-380 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS B. Identify the noise-sensitive areas. These may include residential areas, schools, churches, motels, parks, hospitals, nursing homes, and libraries. C. The Town of Leesburg Town Council predicts the highway-generated noise

level by one of the noise prediction methods presently available. Pertinent factors are traffic characteristics (speed, volume, and composition), topography (vegetation, barriers, and distance), and roadway characteristics (configuration, pavement type, grades, and type of facility). The prediction is based on the Design Hourly Vehicle (DHV) and the average operating speed. If the DHV exceeds that for level-of-service C, the DHV for level-of-service C should be used, because the noise level of a highway is usually at its maximum when it is operating at level-of-service C.

D. The existing noise levels are determined by measurement for the identified

noise-sensitive land uses or activities. E. The design noise level, which is generally considered to be the maximum

tolerable level for a particular land use that is not exceeded more than ten percent of the time period under consideration, is then selected from the appropriate design noise levels.

F. On the basis of the noise levels described, the designer shall identify and

analyze possible noise abatement measures if the predicted noise level exceeds the design level.

G. Advantage should be taken of the terrain in forming a natural barrier so that

the appearance remains aesthetically pleasing. H. Line, grade, earthwork balance, and right-of-way should be coordinated with

noise abatement in mind. Attenuation can be inexpensive and feasible if accommodated in the preliminary design process. Designing noise attenuation measures at the final stages of road design may result in more expensive and less aesthetically pleasing results.

I. In terms of noise considerations, a depressed highway section is the most

desirable. Depressing the roadway below ground level has the same general effect as erecting barriers.

7-36

TRANSPORTATION 7-380 J. Where a highway is constructed on an embankment in a noise-sensitive area,

additional width of the embankment beyond the shoulders may block the vertical plane to receivers near the highway, thus reducing the noise problem.

K. One of the more aesthetically pleasing barriers is the earth mound that has

been graded to achieve a natural form blending with the surrounding topography. The feasibility of mound construction should be considered as part of the overall grading plan for the highway.

L. Shrubs, trees or ground covers are not very efficient in shielding sound

because of their permeability to the flow of air. However, almost all buffer plantings offer some noise reduction, and exceptionally wide and dense plantings may result in substantial reductions in noise levels.

M. Special noise attenuation walls will be considered only as a last resort after

all other design possibilities are eliminated. 3. When noise abatement is required, design noise levels for various land uses shall be

as follows: ACTIVITY DESIGN CATEGORY NOISE L10(h) CATEGORY DESCRIPTION LEVELa(dBA) A

Tracts of land in which serenity and quiet are of extraordinary significance and serve an important public need and where the preservation of those qualities is essential if the area is to continue to serve its intended purpose. Such areas could include amphitheaters, particular parks or portions of parks, open spaces, or historic districts that are dedicated or recognized by appropriate local officials for activities requiring special qualities of serenity and quiet.

60 (Exterior)

B Picnic areas, recreation areas, play-grounds,

active sports areas, and parks not included in category A and residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches, libraries, and hospitals.

70 (Exterior)

7-37


ACTIVITY DESIGN CATEGORY NOISE L10(h) CATEGORY DESCRIPTION LEVELa(dBA) C

Developed lands, properties, or activities not included in Categories A or B above.

D

Undeveloped lands that do not contain improvements or activities devoted to frequent human habitation or use and for which such improvements or activities are unplanned and not programmed.

b

E

Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches, libraries, hospitals, and auditoriums

55c (Interior)

a Source: Federal Aid Highway Program Manual, Vol 7, Ch.7, Sec. 3, Figure 3-1.

b Design noise levels have not been established for these lands. They may be treated as developed lands if the probability for development is high. Provisions for noise abatement would be based on the need, expected benefits, and costs of such measures.

c Interior design noise levels in this category apply to (1) indoor activities where no exterior noise-sensitive land use or activity is identified, and (2) exterior activities that are either remote from the highway or shielded so that they will not be significantly affected by the noise, but the interior activities will.

(End of Section)

7-38

TRANSPORTATION 7-390 7-390 Traffic Control Devices 1. For all streets conveyed to the Town of Leesburg in conjunction with subdivisions or

development plans, traffic control devices shall conform to The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), latest edition, and shall be provided by the Developer as noted below, and shall be subject to approval by the Director.

A. Permanent pavement markings and traffic control signage shall be provided

by the Developer in accordance with the following: (1) A conceptual plan for installation of permanent pavement markings

and permanent traffic control signage shall be prepared as part of the construction plans.

and (2) The engineer shall add the following note to the cover sheet so that

review and approval of permanent pavement markings and permanent traffic control signage may occur during the construction process:

"The permanent traffic pavement markings and signs shown on these drawings are conceptual. Prior to the installation of the pavement markings and signs the Developer shall have a registered Professional Engineer licensed to practice in the Commonwealth of Virginia prepare and submit a detailed striping and signage plan to the Director of Public Works or his designee for approval."

B. Traffic signals shall be provided by the Developer only if warranted and

required by Town Ordinance. (1) Construction drawings for traffic signal installation shall be prepared

by a registered professional engineer licensed to practice in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and submitted to the Director for approval. Approval of construction drawings for traffic signal installation shall be required prior to approval of construction drawings for the subject subdivision or development plan.

(End of Section)

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TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION MANUAL

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

7-40

TRANSPORTATION 7-410 SECTION 7-400 PAVEMENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 7-410 Preliminary Minimum Pavement Design Preliminary road pavement sections in the Town of Leesburg shall conform to the

following minimum requirements:

Local Road Through Collector Roads 6" 21A Dense Graded Aggregate 6" 21B ** 3" BM-25 Asphalt Base 6" BM-25 1-½" SM-9.5A Asphalt Surface 1-½" SM-9.5A *

* Use SM-9.5A when VPD < 10,000 vehicles. Use SM-9.5D when VPD > or = 10,000 vehicles. ** Standard VDOT underdrains shall be provided when 21B aggregate is specified.

1. Two-way travelways in parking courts, private parking lots, common driveways and/or one or two-way alleys serving more than three single family attached or single family detached homes shall meet the pavement design requirements for local roads for the entire width and length of the travelway. If two units are served, pavement shall conform to pipestem driveways for the full length and width. Refer to Standard TS-13 in Appendix A

2. These sections are minimum sections to be utilized as a preliminary pavement

section for purposes of plan approval only when it is assumed that the actual California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the pavement subgrade is ten (10) or more. (See Section 7-420 for Final Pavement Design requirements due at time of construction.)

3. Where the CBR is known or assumed to be below 10, the Vaswani method shall be

used for determining the preliminary pavement thickness design. 4. For principal and minor arterials, design the pavement using the Vaswani method

based upon actual CBR values or based upon the Vaswani predicted CBR value equal to four. In either case the resiliency factor shall be one, and in no case shall the pavement section be less than the pavement section for through collectors.

7-41

7-420 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS 7-420 Final Pavement Design

1. For final pavement section design, laboratory CBR tests shall be conducted.

A. Tests shall be taken whenever subgrade soil types change. B. Tests shall be made at a maximum of 500-foot intervals where the subgrade

soils remain constant. C. A minimum of two CBR tests are required for all cul-de-sac or dead end

streets less than 500-feet in length.

2. The Director of Public Works may require stronger pavement sections where specific soil problems exist based on the Type II Geotechnical Report. Refer to Article 9, Section 9-200 of this Manual.

3. Once actual CBR values are known, a final pavement design shall be submitted to

the Director of Public Works for review and approval before any pavement section is placed in the field. The following shall be incorporated into the final pavement design:

A. Pavement design shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth

within the publications: “Pavement Design Guide for Subdivision and Secondary Roads in Virginia” (Latest Edition) and the “Design Guide for Subdivision Road Pavements in Virginia” by Dr. N.K. Vaswani.

B. When the projected traffic requires a four-lane facility, 90 percent of the

projects traffic (ADT) shall be the basis for determining the applicable class for the pavement structure design.

C. Representative California Bearing Ratio (CBR) samples VTM-8, shall be

taken at subgrade elevation and shall be used as the basis for evaluating the Soil Support Value (SSV).

D. Each street shall have continuity of design throughout. Therefore, multiple

and/or variable pavement structure designs shall not be acceptable except in unusual situations, with the approval of the Director of Public Works.

E. Cement treated aggregate (CTA) or full depth asphalt concrete may be

substituted for any aggregate, subgrade stabilization, or select material on

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basis of one inch of CTA or asphalt concrete for two inches of the other materials. CTA and asphalt concrete shall not be placed directly on a resilient soil (as defined in Vaswani’s design guide) unless the soil is stabilized with cement or other approved stabilizing agent. Cement treated aggregate (CTA) shall have a minimum of four inches of aggregate base material under it when less than four inches of asphalt concrete is to be applied over the CTA.

F. All materials and construction controls shall be in accordance with current

VDOT specifications and special provisions, except as modified herein. G. Asphalt concrete with a total thickness greater than 4-½ inches is considered

base and surface. All aggregate materials under same are considered subbase. Appropriate structural values shall be assigned these materials when using the Vaswani method of design.

4. For all roads within the Town of Leesburg, subgrades with a CBR value below five

will not be accepted. In the specific areas where the subgrade CBR is below five, a minimum of six inches of cement treated aggregate, 18 inches of untreated aggregate or 24 inches of nonplastic select material, Type II (min. CBR = 20) shall be provided to form an acceptable pavement subgrade. Alternative pavement designs may be considered by the Director of Public Works or his designee based upon detailed recommendations by a certified, registered Geotechnical Engineer supported by an alternative pavement design prepared by a registered Professional Engineer.

5. Soil Stabilization with cement (low plasticity soils) at a minimum of ten percent by

volume or lime (high plasticity soils) at a minimum of five percent by weight will be accepted only on streets classified as Through Collectors or higher.

7-425 Special Requirements for Certain Street Subgrades 1. Nothing in the pavement thickness design procedure or criteria shall prevent the

Director from requiring additional aggregate or nonplastic select material, Type II (min. CBR = 20) to provide an acceptable pavement subgrade. The addition of material shall be limited to those specific areas where visual inspection or proof rolling of the pavement subgrade prior to placement of aggregate or pavement indicates an unsuitable subgrade.

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2. Construction drawings which utilize pavement thickness based upon design CBR

values from 5 to 10 shall contain special instructions to the contractor regarding construction of road pavements on these soils. (See Article 7, Section 7-420.) Costs for compliance with the Special Conditions shall be the responsibility of the Developer.

3. For all streets, whether utilizing the Town Minimum Pavement section or utilizing

an approved pavement thickness design, subgrades with a CBR value below 5 will not be accepted.

4. In the specific areas where the subgrade CBR is below 5, a minimum of 6 inches of

cement treated aggregate, 18 inches of untreated aggregate or 24 inches of nonplastic select material, Type II (min. CBR = 20) shall be provided to form anacceptable pavement subgrade. Alternative pavement designs may be considered by the Director of Public Works or his designee based upon detailed recommendations by a certified, registered Geotechnical Engineer supported by an alternative pavement design prepared by a registered Professional Engineer.

7-430 Roadway and Raised Grass Median Underdrains

Underdrains for roadways and raised grass medians shall be provided in areas of frost susceptible soils and high ground water on a case-by-case basis, based upon actual field verification of such conditions. All proposed underdrains shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of the VDOT Road and Bridge Standards and as modified by the requirements of this Manual or by the Director of Public Works.

7-440 Pavement Patches

1. All pavement patches of existing pavement shall be done in accordance with the

latest VDOT standards and procedures. 2. Minimum pavement section shall conform to Standard TS-23 in Appendix A. 3. Actual paving limits shall be determined by the Director of Public Works at time of

the issuance of the Right-of-Way work permit.

(End of Section)

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7-45

7-520 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SECTION 7-500 PARKING, STACKING, AND LOADING SPACE GEOMETRICS 7-510 General

There are three types of passenger vehicle parking spaces for off-street parking facilities for automobiles in the Town of Leesburg.

1. Standard Parking Spaces 2. Parking Spaces in Parking Structures 3. Accessible Parking for Physically Handicapped

7-520 Parking Space Geometrics

1. All parking spaces shall conform to the latest requirements as set forth in the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance. (See the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance for the required number of parking spaces per land use.) Signage shall conform to Standard TS-14 in Appendix A.

2. Minimum Parking Area Travel Aisle Widths shall be provided in accordance with

the latest requirements as set forth in the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance and this Manual.

3. Finished grade for individual parking spaces and the physical handicap access aisle

shall not exceed a 2% slope in any direction. The slope of the access route from the handicap parking space to the building shall meet all current ADA requirements.

4. Two way travelways in parking courts, private parking lots or common driveways

serving more than three single family attached or detached homes shall provide for safe and functional traffic circulation in accordance with the following:

A. Entrances to parking bays shall be located along the site access way to avoid

blockage of the public right-of-way by vehicles entering the site. A space, 50 feet along the site access way, shall be required to the first parking bay entrance, except where only one bay is provided.

B. A hierarchy of on-site travel ways shall be maintained with no direct parking

along the major site access ways.

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TRANSPORTATION 7-520 C. The maximum number of contiguous spaces shall be 20. D. All loading spaces and all dumpsters shall be accessible by the design

vehicle with all parking spaces occupied. The accessible route for an AASHTO SU vehicle shall not include “Backing” movements greater than 50 feet without prior approval of the Director.

E. All parking bays with more than 20 spaces shall provide a turnaround at the

most remote end. The turnaround shall accommodate an AASHTO SU vehicle.

F. All retaining, screen, landscape, and building walls shall be protected from

vehicle contact. G. "Overhang" areas which are a part of the required parking space must be

graded no higher than two inches above the top of the curb and must not be encroached upon by proposed landscape plantings, signs, or other physical obstructions.

H. Parking and loading areas shall be designed so that all construction drawings

and site plans include a design showing adequate maneuver and access for public service, AASHTO SU and refuse collection vehicles that serve the proposed development without the necessity of performing unreasonable and potentiality hazardous onsite and offsite traffic maneuvers and turning movements. In no case shall parking and loading areas be provided in a manner that requires vehicles to back into a public right-of-way or perform unlawful maneuvers within a public right-of-way. This design requirement does not apply to private driveways serving single-family detached or two-family duplex dwellings.

I. For travelways within parking lot areas which have parking on one side only

or no adjacent parking, the minimum travel aisle width shall not include gutter pans which are used for drainage.

J. Minimum travel aisle width for emergency fire ingress/egress shall be in

accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of the International Fire Code.

K. The maximum travel aisle pavement slope within on-site parking lots shall

not exceed seven (7) percent.

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7-560 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS L. All required parking spaces shall be paved with a durable, dust free hard

surface per the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance. 7-530 Loading Spaces 1. All Standard Loading Spaces shall be provided in accordance with the latest

requirements of the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance. 2. All Semi-Trailer Loading Spaces shall be provided in accordance with the latest

requirements of the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance.

3. All loading spaces shall be located and designed in a manner which does not interfere with the free circulation of vehicles within parking or stacking areas and be accessible to the design vehicle with no more than two backing movements. The circulation pattern for the design vehicle shall provide for forward movements and shall discourage backing movements.

7-540 Parking Spaces and Travel Aisles in Parking Structures

1. All standard parking spaces for Parking Structures shall be provided in accordance with the latest requirements of the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance.

2. All accessible parking for the physically handicapped in Parking Structures shall be

provided in accordance with the latest requirements of the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance.

7-550 Stacking Spaces

All required stacking spaces shall be provided in accordance with the latest requirements of the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance.

7-560 Fire Lanes

Fire Lanes shall be provided and clearly identified for Fire Apparatus Access in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of the Loudoun County Facilities Standards Manual.

(End of Section)

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7-49

7-615 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SECTION 7-600 STREET SECURITY LIGHTING 7-610 General 1. The Town endorses street security lighting to improve vehicular/pedestrian safety

and security along public roads. Public street security lighting is not intended to replace safety or security measures on private property.

All installation costs for the system will be the responsibility of the Developer.

While the proposed system lies within dedicated right-of-way and the local power company requires that such installation only be contracted by public utilities, the Developer will sign an agreement with the Town of Leesburg guaranteeing full payment to the Town of Leesburg of all installation charges, as well as all administrative costs to the Town in contracting for such installation. Said agreement must be executed prior to the approval of a record plat.

2. Operational and maintenance costs of the lighting system shall be the responsibility

of the Town of Leesburg or the Virginia Department of Transportation within the public system of roads. The record plat of the subdivision will indicate this and will further designate with whom this responsibility will ultimately lie for private streets within a development.

3. The developer shall post a completion bond with the Town prior to approval of plans

covering the entire cost of installation. 4. All entrances onto the public right-of-way from private roadways, common

driveways serving more than five homes, and commercial entrances shall be provided with street security lighting (Refer to Standard TS-15 and TS-16 in Appendix A).

7-615 The Town Policy for Installation of Street Security Lighting 1. Public streets in all new residential developments shall have street security lights in

accordance with the Town of Leesburg’s Design and Construction Standards Manual Section 7-600. The cost of installation shall be borne by the Developer.

2. Public streets in new commercial/industrial developments shall have street security

lights in accordance with the Town of Leesburg’s Design and Construction Standards Manual Section 7-600. The street security lights in commercial/industrial developments shall be cobra head fixtures and extend over the public street. The

cost of installation shall be borne by the Developer.

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7-620 Luminaire and Pole Standard 1. All luminaries and supporting poles shall conform to the following: A. Standard fixture shall mean those fixtures normally supplied by the local

power utility company for the site in question. Standard fixtures will be maintained by the utility company.

B. Alternate fixture shall mean one of the three fixture designs as approved by

the Director. Alternate fixture installations will be maintained by the Town and must be metered. The Developer shall provide 25 percent in excess of the total number of alternate fixtures installed for parts and replacement.

2. All illumination levels, placement, fixtures, and installation of roadway lighting

fixtures shall conform to Town of Leesburg Standards, Virginia Department of Transportation Standards and Specifications and shall meet all requirements of the local power utility at the site in question.

3. The standard roadway fixture shall be utilized where one or more of the following

conditions apply: Refer to Standard TS-15 in Appendix A. A. Installations along extensions of roadways which are lighted with standard

fixtures. B. Installations along roadways within or surrounding a non-residential

subdivision. C. Installations along roadways with projected or existing traffic counts of

2,000 or more vehicles per day. 4. The alternate roadway lighting fixture may be utilized where all of the following

conditions apply: Refer to Standard TS-16 and TS-24 in Appendix A. A. Installations along curb and gutter roadways with underground electrical

wiring. B. Installations along roadways within a residential subdivision. C. Installations along roadways with projected or existing traffic counts of

2000 or less vehicles per day.

7-51

7-640 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS 7-630 Light Source

1. All light sources shall be in accordance with the standards set forth and in use by the local power company within the Town of Leesburg corporate limits.

7-640 Street Security Lighting 1. Residential Areas A. A street light shall be provided at all intersections within new residential

subdivisions. B. Street lights shall be provided along roadways in accordance with Detail TD-

5 of this Article within new residential subdivisions. C. A minimum of one street light shall be provided at all subdivision entrances.

Additional approach lighting may be required along the higher volume roadways to provide a transition into the illuminated intersection. These additional lights may be required by the Director.

2. Commercial/Industrial Areas A. A street light shall be provided at all intersections within new commercial

and industrial subdivisions. B. Street lights shall be provided along all proposed and existing roadways that

are or will be included in both the Town and the Virginia Department of Transportation Roadway systems within new commercial and industrial subdivisions. Luminaire size and maximum allowable spacing shall conform to the standards in Detail TD-5 of this Article.

C. A minimum of one street light shall be provided at all commercial

subdivision entrances. Additional approach lighting may be required along the higher volume roadways to provide a transition into the illuminated intersection. These additional lights may be required by the Director.

7-52

TRANSPORTATION 7-660 7-650 Pole Placement and Bracket Length 1. All Standard Roadway Fixtures, shall be installed in such a manner as to maintain a

minimum roadway overhang of two feet. All pole locations shall conform to the latest requirements of the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide, and VDOT. Refer to Detail TD-5 of this Article and Standard TS-15 in Appendix A.

A. Residential and Commercial/Industrial Areas -- Poles located at intersections

shall be installed as close as possible to, but outside the radius of the intersection. Poles located along roadways between intersections shall be installed with a one foot offset to side lot property boundaries. All pole placements and bracket lengths shall conform to those previously outlined in Detail TD-5 of this Article.

2. Alternate security lighting fixtures shall utilize black fiberglass poles. All pole

locations shall conform to the latest requirements of the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide and VDOT.

7-660 Lighting Information to be Shown on Construction and Site Plans 1. Standard Roadway Fixture for use on Curb and Gutter Roads. The locations shall be

designated on the plan with the following symbol: --. Each shall be labeled as to luminaire size and bracket length as follows: RF-2 (luminaire size) - (bracket length), i.e., RF-2-14-12 refers to a 14,000 lumens luminaire with a twelve-foot bracket length.

2. Alternative Security Fixture. The locations shall be designated on the plan with the

following symbol: . Each shall be labeled as to luminaire size as follows: SF-8-14 (luminaire size) - (pole height) i.e., 8,000 lumens with a 14-foot pole.

3. All street lights shall be plotted accurately and to scale on the plan with respect to pole location and, where applicable, bracket length.

7-53


7-670 On-Site Lighting for Parking Security or Advertising

1. When required, a lighting plan shall be provided in accordance with the latest standards and provisions as set forth in the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance.

2. All outdoor lighting fixtures shall be designed in accordance with the latest provisions and requirements of the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance.

3. Light poles in all parking lot areas shall be provided in accordance with the latest standards and requirements as set forth in the Town of Leesburg Zoning

Ordinance.

4. Sign luminaries utilized for advertising shall be provided in accordance with the latest standards and requirements as set forth in the Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance.

(End of Section)

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7-55

7-710 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SECTION 7-700 SIDEWALKS AND SHARED USE PATHS 7-710 Sidewalks 1. Public sidewalks shall be provided on both sides of the street in all proposed

residential subdivisions and for all proposed commercial and industrial lots in accordance with the following provisions:

A. Sidewalks shall be provided in accordance with the latest requirements of the

Town of Leesburg Zoning Ordinance. B. The maximum cross-slope allowed shall be 2.08 percent. C. The maximum longitudinal slope shall be five (5) percent except sidewalks

adjacent to streets shall match and not exceed the roadway slope. Where stairs are employed, consideration shall be given for including handicapped ramps.

D. Sidewalks shall be constructed in accordance with the latest Virginia

Department of Transportation design requirements using Class A3 concrete, with a minimum thickness of four (4) inches. When used in conjunction with a rolled top curb or CG-7 curb and gutter, the minimum thickness shall be seven (7) inches. For Historic District exception, refer to paragraph 4 of this Section.

E. On-site private sidewalks shall be connected to public sidewalks if public

sidewalks are within 200 feet of the development.

F. For typical sidewalk section, refer to Standard TS-18 in Appendix A.

G. All public sidewalks shall be constructed within a Town right-of-way or (with Director approval on a case by case basis) within a public access easement dedicated to the Town.

H. All public sidewalks shall generally conform to the vertical alignment of the

adjacent roadway.

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TRANSPORTATION 7-710 2. Sidewalk underdrain requirements: A. Sidewalk underdrains shall be provided in accordance with the latest

requirements of the VDOT Road and Bridge Standards. B. Sidewalk underdrains shall not exceed 1,000 feet in length without

discharging into the nearest storm drain system or into an open drain. The length of run may be increased up to an additional 1,000 feet if an eight (8) inch diameter pipe is used in the downstream 1,000-foot section of the run.

C. All underdrain pipe shall be six (6) inch in diameter unless otherwise noted

on plans. Minimum grade of pipe shall be 0.5 percent. Bends of 45 degrees may be used to permit connection to drainage structures. The use of plastic pipe (PVC) is not be permitted under publicly maintained street pavement sections. The type of pipe used in publicly maintained pavement sections shall be reinforced concrete pipe.

D. After the street section has been rough graded, CBR tests are to be conducted

for street pavement design, sieve and PI analysis shall be done in conjunction with them. If these tests indicate that underdrains are required, additional classification tests will be made of the sidewalk subgrade to determine the size and location of sidewalk underdrains.

E. These tests will be made at all changes of subgrade soil type and not more

than 500 feet apart. Plan revisions based on these tests will then be prepared by the designer and submitted to the Director of Public Works for review and approval.

F. Density tests on natural subgrade must be made and approved after the

subgrade has been shaped and compacted to 95 percent density at optimum moisture, prior to the placing of sidewalks.

G. Where required, sidewalk underdrains shall be used for all walkways which

are to be maintained by a public agency or a homeowners association. 3. All sidewalk underdrains shall meet the minimum requirements of the latest edition

of the VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications. 4. Brick sidewalks are required on all streets within the Historic District boundary.

7-57

7-720 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS 7-720 Shared Use Paths 1. An interconnected trail system may be substituted for sidewalks with the approval of

the Director of Planning and Zoning in planned residential, commercial, and industrial developments which provide equal or improved access to buildings and dwellings within same.

2. Publicly maintained Shared Use Paths shall conform to the following when

approved by the Director of Planning and Zoning:

A. Shared Use Paths shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the latest design requirements as set forth by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) and Standard TS-18 in Appendix A of this Manual.

B. Shared Use Paths constructed outside the road right-of-way shall be provided

with a minimum 16 foot easement. C. The maximum cross-slope allowed shall be 2.08 percent. D. The minimum allowable centerline radius shall be 20 feet. E. Appropriate drainage measures shall be provided for all shared use paths in

accordance with the latest VDOT design requirements and as modified by the requirements of Article 5 of this Manual.

F. Bike path design shall conform to the latest requirements of the Virginia

Department of Transportation as provided in the Instructional and Information memorandum, LD-83(D)148, latest revision, and the latest design requirements as set forth in Section A-5 Bicycle Facility Guidelines of the VDOT Road Design Manual.

G. Shared Use Paths may be allowed to cross roads or streams provided

adequate safety measures are taken as required by the Director. H. Standard VDOT handicap ramps shall be provided at all shared use path curb

crossings to allow continuity of use by physically handicapped individuals.

(End of Section)

7-58

TRANSPORTATION 7-800 SECTION 7-800 SPECIAL STRUCTURES 1. Highway bridges shall meet all Virginia Department of Transportation requirements

and shall be designed with appropriate dead and live loadings. A. All highway bridges shall be designed and sealed by a registered

Professional Engineer licensed to practice in the Commonwealth of Virginia and specializing in highway bridge design.

B. All highway bridges will be referred to Virginia Department of

Transportation for review and comment prior to approval by the Director. 2. Pedestrian bridges, when required, shall be a minimum width of eight (8) feet and

shall be designed with appropriate dead and live loadings. A. All pedestrian bridges shall be designed and sealed by a registered

Professional Engineer licensed to practice in the Commonwealth of Virginia and specializing in bridge design.

3. The Director may require an independent review of any highway bridge, pedestrian

bridge, or other specialized structure, prior to approval of the structure. A. Independent review shall be by a registered Professional Engineer licensed

to practice in the Commonwealth of Virginia and specializing in design of the type of structure to be reviewed. The review professional shall be chosen by the Director.

B. The Applicant shall bear all costs of such independent review.

(End of Section)

7-59

7-920 TOWN OF LEESBURG DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SECTION 7-900 PROCEDURE FOR WORK REQUIRED WITHIN EXISTING

PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAYS 7-910 General Information

Any person who undertakes the performance of any work upon, in, under, above or about any public street, highway, roadway, alley or sidewalk, hereafter collectively called public right-of-way, which requires that the street be partially or completely closed for construction maintenance operation which work shall require excavation within or occupancy of the whole or a portion of the width of any such public right-of-way by equipment, materials, debris or workmen shall use barricades, signals, flags, flares, and all other traffic control and warning devices and procedures about the work area during the duration of the work within the public right-of-way of the type and in the manner required by the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices , latest edition, for Streets and Highways, Part VI, Traffic Controls for Street and Highway Construction and Maintenance Operations.

7-920 Requirements 1. A plan must be prepared by the permittee showing where work is to be performed.

The plan will include a detailed barricading layout drawn to scale showing placement of barricades, cones and informational signs used on the project. In most cases, layouts will be similar to those shown in the latter part of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, latest edition. Deviation from the Manual will be allowed only with approval of the Director of Public Works or designee.

2. The plan required in paragraph 1, must be submitted prior to issuance of permits and

construction to allow the Public Works Department the opportunity to survey the construction site, to determine any traffic problems which may develop as a result of the barricading. A note shall be added that this work shall not be performed during the peak hour congestion periods of 7:00-9:00 A.M. and 4:00-6:00 P.M., on major thoroughfares or arterial roads, unless approved by the Director of Public Works or designee.

3. Emergency Situations. The requirements herein are to be used for all planned

construction projects. In the event of an emergency situation, notification of work to be done can be made by telephone directly to the Town of Leesburg Police Department, thereby bypassing the requirements mentioned above. Under these conditions, the contractor or agency must still follow the basic barricading standards of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, latest edition.

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article 7 transportation table of contents

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