Art StylesAP European History

Italian Renaissance (1300-1500)

• Themes: Individualism, worldly experience

• Characteristics: classicalism, perspective, mannerism, human figures, and myths

• Areas of Influence: Venice & Florence

• Artists: Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, Bellini, Brunelleschi

• Word Association: “man is the measure,” secular, individual

Michelangelo’s David

Boticelli’s The Birth of Venus

El Greco’s Toledo Epitomized mannerism style (instability, unrealistic)

Northern Renaissance (1300-1500)• Themes: Salvation and

religious piety• Characteristics:

religious figures, symbolism and realistic figures

• Areas of influence: Flanders and Northern Europe

• Artists: Durer, Bosch, Van Eyck, Brueghel, Grunewald, Holbein

• Word association: religious, Christian Humanism

Van Eyck’s Portrait of Arnolfini

Campin’s Christ and the Virgin

Baroque (1545-1715)• Themes: “Return” to the

Catholic Church and the power of monarchs

• Characteristics: mystery, dramatization, bold, exaggerated motion

• Areas of Influence: Spain, Rome, Middle-class Dutch

• Artists: Caravaggio, Bernini, Bruegel, Bosch, Velasquez

• Word Association: “sexy,” Catholic Reformation, Council of Trent, monarch

Velázquez's Las Meninas

Enlightenment (1700-1800)Rococo

• Themes: Extravagance & wealth

• Characteristics: appeal to royals and nobles, light pastels, and ornate

• Areas of Influence: France & Austria

• Artists: Boucher, Fragonard & Watteau

• Word Association: Frivolous, ornate, self-indulgent, soft & pastel colors

Fragonard’s The Swing (1766)

Boucher’s Madame de Pompadour

(1750)

Enlightenment (1700-1800):

Neo-classical• Themes: Return to classical antiquity

• Characteristics: Formal, imperial style & imitation of Greek & Roman art, removal of Christian focus

• Areas of Influence: Mainly France

• Artists: David & Ingres• Word Association:

Napoleon, Greece/Rome & imperial (empire, emperor) Napoleon Crossing the Alps by

Jacques-Louis David, 1800

Death of Marat by Jacques-

Louis David, 1793

Romanticism: 1780s-1848• Themes: Emotion,

passion, and revolution• Characteristics:

passionate, dark color and return to nature

• Areas of influence: France, England and Spain

• Artists: Goya, Constable, Delacroix, Turner & Gericault

• Word Association: Emotional, loss of youth, mysterious, passion

Gros's Napoleon Bonaparte Visitingthe Plague-Stricken in Jaffa, 1804

Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People, 1830

Realism, mid-19th c.• Themes: Rejection of

Romanticism; depiction of everyday life• Characteristics:

subjects were common people and landscapes• Areas of Influence: the

Dutch• Artists: Courbet, Millet,

Daumier• Word Association:

reality, everyday, revolution

Millet’s The Gleaners (1857)

Impressionism, 19th century• Themes: fleeting and brief

word of a first impression based on light and sudden movement• Characteristics: short, choppy,

light brushstrokes and en plein aire (outdoors)• Areas of Influence: France• Artists: Monet, Renoir,

Cezanne• Word Association: vibrant,

little detail, light

Post-Impressionism, 19th c.

• Themes: Rejected limitations of impressionism• Characteristics: studied

depth, more detailed than impressionism • Areas of Influence: France• Artists: Cezanne, Seurat,

van Gogh• Word Association: depth,

structure, pointillism (paining with small distinct dots of pure color to form an image)

Expressionism, early 20th c.

• Themes: Indebted to Freud; analyzing psyche• Characteristics: dissonance

in color and perspective, messages of anxiety• Areas of Influence:

Germany, Spain, France, Russia, Norway & Holland• Artists: van Gogh, Kirchner• Word Association: anxiety,

Freud, dark

Fauvism, Early 20th c.

• Themes: Color was the main subject• Characteristics: color takes

importance over lines or subjects• Areas of Influence: France,

Netherlands• Artists: Matisse, some van

Gogh• Word Association: COLOR

Cubism, 1910’s

• Themes: Synthesized view of subject, relativity• Characteristics:

fragmented subject, cubes• Areas of Influence:

France• Artists: Picasso, Leger• Word Association:

Angular, fragmentation, squares

Futurism, early 20th c.

• Themes: Speed and power of the machine, restlessness of modern life• Characteristics: Subjects

of modern life, speed• Areas of Influence:

mainly Italy & Germany• Artists: Boccioni• Word Association: speed,

machine, industrial, urban

Dadaism, 1915-1922

• Themes: focus on the absurd, reaction to WWI• Characteristics: techniques

of accident and chance creating art• Areas of Influence:

Switzerland, NYC, Paris, and large German cities• Artists: Duchamp, Arp & Ray• Word Association: ready-

made, absurd, illogical

Surrealism, late 19th-20th c.• Themes: expression of the

imagination of dreams, lack of reason

• Characteristics: incorporated ideas of Freud & Marx

• Areas of Influence: Norway, Holland, Spain, Germany, Spain, France & Russia

• Artists: Dali, Delvaux• Word Association: Dreams,

subconscious, illogical, out of hysteria

Abstract Expressionism, 20th c.

• Themes: nonrepresentational, shape, line, color• Characteristics: planes,

shapes & color• Areas: US, many

immigrants from Europe, shift from Paris• Artists: Pollock, Kline• Word Association:

Abstract, subjective interpretation

Pop Art, mid to late 20th c.

• Themes: bitterness out of WWI, pop culture• Characteristics: Random

objects, use of dry humor• Areas: US• Artists: Warhol,

Odenburg, Rauschenberg• Word Association: post-

war, everyday objects, iconic

Op Art, mid 20th c. • Themes: geometric,

abstract, illusion• Characteristics:

patterns, lines, checkerboard, circles

• Areas: US & throughout Europe

• Artists: Vasarely, Riley, Poons

• Word Association: optical illusions, patterns, playing with the eye and mind

Photorealism, 1960s and 70s

• Themes: depiction of photography, interpretation• Characteristics:

painting of a photo, should look like a photograph• Areas: US & Britain• Artists: Estes, Close• Word Association:

photo, everyday streets or objects