art historians and dating

8/8/2019 Art Historians and Dating

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Category:Indian art historians

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Pages in category "Indian art historians"

The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. This list may not reflect

recent changes (learn more).

A

Mildred Archer

ArshiyaLokhandwala

B

Michael Brand

G

Dattatraya Ganesh

Godse

G cont.

Swaraj Prakash Gupta

J

Jyotindra Jain

K

Anand Krishna

M

Ramesh Prasad

Mohapatra

M cont.

C. Sivarama Murti

P

Ratan Parimoo

Q

Dulari Qureshi

R

Mohinder Singh

Randhawa

C. Sivarama Murti

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C. Sivaramamurti or Calambur Sivaramamurti, (19091983) was an eminent art

historian andSanskrit scholar. His entire life has been devoted to the study and

exposition of various aspects ofIndian art. Author of several monographs, he hassurveyed the panorama of Indian art asarchaeologist,numismatist,epigraphist, historian

and scholar. A sculptor and an artist in his own right, he has often illustrated his book

with his own sketches.

After a brilliant academic career, C. Sivaramamurti entered the museum profession ascuratorfor Archaeology in the Madras Museum. He then joined the Archaeological

Survey of India as Superintendent, Archaeological Section, Indian Museum, Calcutta,

whence he came over to the National Museum as Keeper and rose as Assistant Directorand finally became the Director. Closely associated with the International Council of

Museums he was on its executive committee and was Chairman of the Indian National

Committee of ICOM. He conducted pioneering research and wrote extensively on varioussubjects during his tenure at the Indian national Museum.

Eminent arachaeologist, zoologist and student of archaeology,Frederic Henry Gravely,along with the Curator Dr. C. Sivaramamurti, ensured in 1938 that theantiquities and

industrial art collected by the Museum was organized effectively, into a collection thatexists even today. His monumental bookL'Art en Inde originally published in French

earned the Dadabhai Naoroji Award. The book is available in German, English, Spanish

and Italian. Dr.C.Sivaramamurti was the first fellow of the Jawaharlal Nehru MemorialFundwhen it was instituted, as he was specially chosen by the Trustees of this Fund in an

endeavour to set a standard to Indian scholarship.He did a special exhaustive study of

Nataraja,the dancing form of Siva, in all aspects as represented in Art,thought and

literature.The product of two years of efforts was a monumental work,"Nataraja inArt,Thought and Literature" ,which he dedicated to his parents.Nataraja in Art, Thought

and Literature is acclaimed as his major achievement. First published 1974, it was 412pages with 22 colour plates and over 250 monochrome illustrations.Nataraja as a themerepresents life force itself. The ancients visualised Nataraja as a manifestation of the

cosmic energy symbolising the three aspects of creation, preservation and destruction.

Chapters include: Natya, The Significance ofSiva's Dance,Karanas Presented in Siva'sTandava, Karanas Presented by Vishnu as Krishna, The Vedic Roots of the Concept of

The Great Dancer, Nataraja Pictured in literature, Varieties of Nataraja as Described in

Silpa Texts, Nataraja Form in Sculpture and Painting, The Nataraja Concept Beyond

Indian Frontiers.

The dance of Nataraja has always been synonymously viewed with truth and beauty,

force and rhythm, movement and change, realisation and dissolution. Nataraja has been

visualised in variety of forms by seers, poets and artists; it has been chiselled, painted,described and sung about in many parts of India and countries. This itself is a testimony

to the twin aspects of time and timelessness of Nataraja, both as a personality and as a

theme. This book highlights Nataraja as the presiding deity of fine arts whether it be

music, dance, painting, sculpture or epigraphy. TheVedicroots of the cosmic dancer andthe blend of tradition and modernity is woven as a thread throughout the book describing

vividly the exploits of the great dancer on world stage. It also contains interesting
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information on famous spots of the Nataraja theme and the concept of Nataraja beyond

Indian frontiers. Dr. Sivaramamurti has been one of the most acclaimed art historians of

this country. He had devoted an entire life time toiconography, especially to the Natarajatheme. This book was an outcome of his research as part of the Jawaharlal Nehru

Fellowship awarded to him in 1968. In her foreword to this book, Mrs.Indira Gandhi

called it' a monument to Indian Scholarship.'

Dr. Sivaramamurti has been responsible for popularizing epigraphy and numismatics,sculpture and paintings from an approach through literature giving literary parallels. His

love for Sanskrit and art, his aesthetic taste and capacity to draw, paint and sculpt helped

him to achieve his purpose of such a study of art and literature. He was a frail man withconspicuous vibhutiand tilakon his forehead. Dr. Sivaramamurti belonged to the lineage

of the great Appayya Dikshita.He was the son of Calambur Sundara Sastri, a civil

servant, a great Sanskrit scholar of his times and author of a great kavya inSanskrit,'Sundara Ramayana'. C.Sundara Sastri was an ardent devotee of Rama and as if

by divine will his son, Sivaramamurti was married to Sampurna, the granddaughter of the

great Ramayana exponent Paruthiyur Krishna Sastri and daughter ofPattabhi RamaSastri, then District educational Officer ofTanjore. They had two sons Sundararamamurtiand Krishnamurti

Dr. Sivaramamurti died in a learned assembly, where he was explaining the specific

features of a rare Nataraja icon.He was describing the attributes of Siva with the names,Sankara and Shambhu. He explained how the two names were derived from the word

'sham' in Sanskrit which means 'bliss'.He explained, 'sham karoti iti shankarah'- one who

creates bliss is shankara.The other is Shambhu- the one who is an embodiment of bliss.

He suffered a severe heart attackand collapsed on the stage, clutching the idol ofShiva.He was a pious Hindu and was dedicated to art; everybody felt that he could not have

dreamt of a betterShivasayujya (becoming one with God), or merger with his favoritedeity, Lord Shiva.

Dr. Sivaramamurti is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britainand Ireland.Sri Sankaracharya the great Chandrasekharendra Saraswati Swamigal of

Kanchi Kamakoti Peetha conferred on him the title ofVichitrachitta- meaning 'the

curious minded one'.The great Pallava ruler of the 8th century from southIndia,Mahendravarman, held this epithet 'vichitrachitta', as described by him in his

inscription in the rock-cut temple of the Trinity, Brahma,Vishnu and easwara(siva) at

Kudumiamalai. He was awarded by the President of India,the Padma Sri in 1968 and thePadma Bhushan in 1975. He travelled widely, participated in international seminars,

delivered important lectures at the invitation of several universities, which have been

published as books. He delivered important endowment lectures at many universities inIndia. He has over thirty-four books and innumerable papers on sculpture, painting,

architecture, iconography, epigraphy, numismatics and literature to his credit. He was

honoured with a number of awards during his lifetime, and in view of his contribution to

Oriental Research, in 1981, the Asiatic Society of Bombay posthumously awarded aspecial Campbell Memorial Gold Medal.
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[edit] Works

Some of his works include:

L'Art en Inde,

Nataraja in art, thought, and literature, Indian Epigraphy and South Indian Scripts,

Early Eastern Chalukya Sculpture,

Kalugumalai and Early Pandyan Rock-cut Shrines,

Sanskrit Literature and Art: Mirrors of Indian Culture,

La stupa du Barabudur (in French),

An Album of Indian Sculpture,

Rishis in Indian art and literature,

Royal conquests and cultural migrations in South India and the Deccan,

Vijayanagara paintings,

Numismatic parallels of Kalidasa,

Sculpture inspired by Kalidasa, Sri Lakshmi in Indian art and thought,

Ramo Vigrahavan dharmah-Rama embodiment of righteousness, Birds and animals in Indian sculpture,

Sanskrit literature and art,

Mirrors of Indian culture,

Satarudriya - Vibhuti of Siva's Iconography,

Panorama of Jain art,

Mahabalipuram,

Shiva,

Ethical fragrance in Indian art and literature,

Approach to nature in Indian art and thought, The art of India, Expressive Quality of Literary flavor in Art,

Early Andhra Arts and Iconography,

Chitrasutra of the Vishnudharmottara,Kanak Publications, New Delhi,1978.

Indian Bronze,

The Chola temples: Thanjavur, Gangaikondacholapuram & Darasuram,

Early eastern Chalukya sculpture,

Harappan Art,

Indian epigraphy and South Indian scripts,

Bhagavatpada-Sri Sankaracharya,

Epigraphical echoes of Kalidasa, 5000 years of the art of India: by Mario Bussagli & C. Sivaramamurti,

An Introduction to South Indian Temple Architecture and Sculptures (F. H.

Gravely & C. Sivaramamurti), Illustrations of Indian Sculptures Mostly Southern (F. H. Gravely & C.

Sivaramamurti), Guide to the Archaeological Galleries (C. Sivaramamurti &

F.H.Gravely),

Notes on Hindu Images (F. H. Gravely & C. Sivaramamurti).
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C._Sivarama_Murti&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C._Sivarama_Murti&action=edit&section=1


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Prehistoric Period: ca. 3000-1200 BC

ca. 3000-2600: Indus Valley civilization: Harappan

civilization

2600-2500: Harappan Civilization at its height 2000-1900: Harappan Civilization collapses c. 1300: Aryans migrate into the Indus Valley c. 1000: Aryans migrate into Ganges Valley

ca. 1200-500 BC: Vedic Era

ca. 1200-900: Rig-Veda ca. 900-500: Later Vedas and early Upanishads

ca. 550-100 BC: Rivals to Hinduism

ca 550: Birth of Mahavira

ca. 563-483: Siddhartha Gautama BuddhismChronology

ca. 322-185 BC: Mauryan Empire

321-297 BC: Chandragupta Maurya ca. 273-237: Asoka ca. 185-100: The Laws of Manu

ca. AD 320-540: Gupta Era

ca. 320-335: Chandragupta I ca. 335-376: Samudragupta ca. 376-415: Chandragupta II

Resources

Primary Sources

Images of HarappanCivilization

The Rig Veda The Upanishads The Bhagavad Gita Two Buddhist Texts A Jain text:

Acaranga Sutra Deeds of Sultan

Firuz Shah

Secondary Sources
http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Harappa.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Harappa.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/AryanMig.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/AryanMig.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/RigVeda.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Upanishads.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Upanishads.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Mahavira.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Buddha.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/Buddhism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/Buddhism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Chandragupta.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Asoka.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Harappa.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Harappa.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/RigVeda.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Upanishads.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Gita.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Buddhist.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Jainism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Jainism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Jainism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/FiruzShah.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/FiruzShah.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Harappa.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/AryanMig.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/RigVeda.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Upanishads.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Mahavira.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Buddha.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/Buddhism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/Buddhism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Chandragupta.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/webchron/India/Asoka.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Harappa.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Harappa.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/RigVeda.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Upanishads.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Gita.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Buddhist.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Jainism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Jainism.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/FiruzShah.htmlhttp://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/FiruzShah.html


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ca. 454-500: Hun Invasions ca. 540: End of Gupta Dynasty

ca. AD 500-1001: Period of Political instability

ca. 540: Rise of Chalukyas at Vatapi ca. 606-646: Harsha of Kanauj ca. 700-800: Buddhism spreads to Tibet and Nepal 711: Arabs invade Sind ca. 750: Rise of imperial Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas 760: Palas in Bengal ca. 846: Rise of Cholas and defeat of Pallavis ca. 970: Revival of Chalukyas and defeat of

Rashtrakutas

1000-1750: Period of Muslim dominance

1001: Raids by Mahmud of Ghanzi 1206-1290: Slave Dynasty and Beginning of Delhi

Sultanate 1290-1320: Khalji Sultanate 1320-1413: Tughlug Sultanate 1414-1451: Sayyid Sultanate 1451-1526: Lodi Sultanate 1498: Vasco da Gama arrives in India 1483-1757: The Mughal Empire

o 1502: Portuguese establish colony at Cochin

o 1526-1530: Reign of Baburo 1556-1605: Reign of Akbar

o 1600: British East India Company is chartered

o 1605-1627: Reign of Jahangir

o 1628-1658: Reign of Shah Jahan

o 1658-1707: Reign of Aurangzeb

o 1744-1748: War between French and British

1750-1947: India under British Rule

1857: Indian (Sepoy) Mutiny 1885: First Meeting of the Indian National Congress. 1921: First Meeting of the Indian Parliament. 1930: Gandhi leads the Salt March against British rule. 1932: Indian National Congress is declared illegal;

Gandhi is arrested.

1947-present: The Indian Republic
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1947: The British colony of India achieves independenceand is divided into India and Pakistan.

1949: Indian constitution is adopted.

1966: Indira Gandhi is elected prime minister of India.Text copyright 1998-2003 by David W. Koeller. All rights reserved.
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