Art and Culture Between the Wars

Entertainment• 1. Radio, thanks to Guiglielmo

Marconi was in just about every home by the end of the 1920s.

• 2. Birth of a Nation: First full length film-- in America. 40% of adults watched films by WWII.

• 3. Hitler used new media to indoctrinate Germans (cheap radios, Triumph of the Will, etc.)

• 4. Sports: First World Cup in 1930 (who won?)

• 5. Tourism• 6. Dopolavoro and Kraft durch

Freude as forms of totalitarian entertainment

Otto Dix, The War

Stormtroops Advancing Under Gas– Otto Dix

The Magdeburger Ehrenmal—Ernst Barlach

Dadaism--art of the absurd

Hugo Ball “Karawane”

Marcel Duchamp “Readymade Bicycle Wheel”

Man Ray “Indestructible Object”

Marcel Duchamp “L.H.O.O.Q.”

Marcel Duchamp “Fountain”

Surrealism

• Bout of Dadaism. • Surreal means beyond or above reality

• Surrealists tried to show things that were in the unconscious parts of our minds. Most surrealistic paintings seem dream-like or drug-induced. Note the influence of Freud and Jung.

Functional Art

• 1. Bauhaus.

Rene Magritte “Man in a Bowler Hat”

Salvador Dali “The Persistence of Memory”

Salvador Dali “The Temptation of St. Anthony”

A German Building—Walter Gropius

Wassily Chair—Marcel Breuer

Joan Miro “The Tilled Field”

Socialist realism--Art to Glorify the Soviet state

Science/physics

• 1 Werner Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. Ouch.

Daughter of Soviet Kyrgzia—Semyon Chuikov

Stalin—painter unknown

“For you the fatherland, our young hearts beat”--Polish Poster

Worker and Collective Farm Girl—Vera Mukhina

Psychology of Carl Jung

• Student of Freud who rejected some of his theories.

• Personal and collective unconscious

• Individuation: process by which an individual fully realizes himself.