High Intensity Exercise for Walking Competency in Individuals with Stroke:

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Supplementary Material

Supplemental Table1.Search strategyPubMedhttp://www . ncbi . n l m .ni h . go v /e n t r e z / q u ery . fc g i?o t ool = leiden Search Query Items found#1 Stroke[Mesh] OR "cerebrovascular accident"[tw] OR

"cerebrovascular disorder"[tw] OR "ischemic stroke"[tw] OR “hemorrhagic stroke”[tw] OR CVA [tw] OR CVAs [tw] OR “cerebrovascular apoplexy”[tw] OR “apoplexy”[tw] OR "intracerebral hemorrhage" [tw] OR "cerebral hemorrhage" [tw] OR "cerebral infarction"[tw] OR "brain infarction"[tw] OR "brain ischemia"[tw] OR ((“stroke” [Mesh ] OR “stroke” [tw]) AND (“cerebrum” [Mesh] OR “cerebrum” [tw] OR “cerebral” [tw] OR “brain” [Mesh] OR “brain” [tw]))

216572

#2 "intensity training"[tw] OR "intensity exercise"[tw] OR "aerobic intensity"[tw] OR (intens*[tw] AND (exercise [mesh] OR training [tw] OR "physical activit*”[tw] OR “physical therapy”[tw] OR "physical education and training"[Mesh] OR sports[mesh] OR "exercise therapy"[tw] OR "motor activity"[Mesh] )) OR "aerobic interval training"[tw] OR ("aerobic interval"[tw] AND)

53480

#3 "high intensity training"[tw] OR "high intensity exercise"[tw] OR "high intensity"[tw] OR "high-aerobic intensity" OR (“high intens*”[tw] AND (exercise [mesh] OR training [tw] OR "physical activit*”[tw] OR “physical therapy”[tw] OR "physical education and training"[Mesh] OR sports[mesh] OR "exercise therapy"[tw] OR "motor activity"[Mesh])) OR "continuous moderate exercise"[tw] OR ("continuous"[tw] AND "moderate"[tw] AND (exercise [mesh] OR training [tw] OR "physical activit*”[tw] OR “physical therapy”[tw] OR "physical education and training"[Mesh] OR sports[mesh] OR "exercise therapy"[tw] OR "motor activity"[Mesh]))

24865

#4 #1 AND (#2 OR #3) 1436#5 english[lang] 23328428#6 #4 AND #5 1173#7 Search #6 NOT ((Editorial[ptyp] OR Letter[ptyp] OR Case

Reports[ptyp] OR Comment[ptyp]) OR (animals[mh] NOT humans[mh]))

287

Embasehttp://ovidsp.ovid.com/o v idweb. c gi?T= J S&PAGE=main & MODE=ovid&D=oemezd Search Query Items found#1 'stroke'/exp OR 'stroke' OR 'cerebrovascular accident':ab,ti OR

'cerebrovascular disorder':ab,ti OR 'ischemic stroke':ab,ti OR 'hemorrhagic stroke':ab,ti OR 'cva':ab,ti OR 'cvas':ab,ti OR 'cerebrovascular apoplexy':ab,ti OR 'apoplexy':ab,ti OR 'intracerebral hemorrhage':ab,ti OR 'cerebral hemorrhage':ab,ti OR 'cerebral infarction':ab,ti OR 'brain infarction':ab,ti OR 'brain ischemia':ab,ti OR (('stroke'/exp OR 'stroke':ab,ti) AND ('cerebrum'/exp OR 'cerebrum':ab,ti OR 'cerebral':ab,ti OR 'brain'/exp OR 'brain':ab,ti))

493764

#2 'intensity training':ab,ti OR 'intensity exercise':ab,ti OR 'aerobic intensity':ab,ti OR ('intens*':ab,ti AND ('exercise'/exp OR 'training':ab,ti OR 'physical activit*':ab,ti OR 'physical therapy':ab,ti OR 'physical education and training'/exp OR 'sports'/exp OR 'exercise therapy':ab,ti OR 'motor activity'/exp)) OR 'aerobic interval training':ab,ti OR ('aerobic interval':ab,ti AND ('exercise'/exp OR 'training':ab,ti OR 'physical activit*':ab,ti OR 'physical therapy':ab,ti OR 'physical education and training'/exp OR 'sports'/exp OR 'exercise therapy':ab,ti OR 'motor activity'/exp))

86973

#3 'high intensity training':ab,ti OR 'high intensity exercise':ab,ti OR 'high intensity':ab,ti OR 'high-aerobic intensity' OR ('high intens*':ab,ti AND ('exercise'/exp OR 'training':ab,ti OR 'physical activit*':ab,ti OR 'physical therapy':ab,ti OR 'physical education and training'/exp OR 'sports'/exp OR 'exercise therapy':ab,ti OR 'motor activity'/exp)) OR 'continuous moderate exercise':ab,ti OR ('continuous':ab,ti AND 'moderate':ab,ti AND ('exercise'/exp OR 'training':ab,ti OR 'physical activit*':ab,ti OR 'physical therapy':ab,ti OR 'physical education and training'/exp OR 'sports'/exp OR 'exercise therapy':ab,ti OR 'motor activity'/exp))

29708

#4 #1 AND (#2 OR #3) 4,732#5 ('clinical article'/de OR 'clinical trial'/de OR 'controlled clinical

trial'/de OR 'controlled study'/de OR 'human'/de OR 'human experiment'/de OR 'randomized controlled trial'/de) AND ('article'/it OR 'article in press'/it) AND [english]/lim

#6 #4 AND #5 2238

Web of Sciencehttp://isiknowledge . com / w o s

Search Query Items found#1 TI=(Stroke OR "cerebrovascular accident" OR "cerebrovascular

disorder" OR "ischemic stroke" OR "hemorrhagic stroke" OR CVA OR CVAs OR "cerebrovascular apoplexy" OR apoplexy OR "intracerebral hemorrhage" OR "cerebral hemorrhage" OR "cerebral infarction" OR "brain infarction" OR "brain ischemia" OR (stroke AND (cerebrum OR cerebral OR brain )))

118776

#2 TS=("intensity training" OR "intensity exercise" OR "aerobic intensity" OR (intens* AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*” OR “physical therapy” OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity" )) OR "aerobic interval training" OR ("aerobic interval" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*” OR “physical therapy” OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity" )))

70867

#3 TS=("high intensity training" OR "high intensity exercise" OR "high intensity" OR "high-aerobic intensity" OR ("high intens*" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*" OR "physical therapy" OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity")) OR "continuous moderate exercise" OR ("continuous" AND "moderate" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*" OR "physical therapy" OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity")))

37527

#4 #1 AND (#2 OR #3) 994#5 [english]/lim AND [article]/lim#6 #4 AND #5 808

Cochranehttp://www.theco c h ranelibrary.com/view/0/inde x .html Search Query Items found#1 (Stroke OR "cerebrovascular accident" OR "cerebrovascular

disorder" OR "ischemic stroke" OR "hemorrhagic stroke" OR CVA OR CVAs OR "cerebrovascular apoplexy" OR apoplexy OR "intracerebral hemorrhage" OR "cerebral hemorrhage" OR "cerebral infarction" OR "brain infarction" OR "brain ischemia" OR (stroke AND (cerebrum OR cerebral OR brain ))) in ti, ab, kw

48689

#2 ("intensity training" OR "intensity exercise" OR "aerobic intensity" OR (intens* AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*” OR “physical therapy” OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity" )) OR "aerobic interval training" OR ("aerobic interval" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*” OR “physical

17364

therapy” OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity" ))) in ti, ab, kw

#3 ("high intensity training" OR "high intensity exercise" OR "high intensity" OR "high-aerobic intensity" OR ("high intens*" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*" OR "physical therapy" OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity")) OR "continuous moderate exercise" OR ("continuous" AND "moderate" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*" OR "physical therapy" OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity"))) in ti, ab, kw

5222

#4 #1 AND (#2 OR #3) 266#5 [trails]/lim#6 #4 AND #5 255

CINAHLhttp://search.ebscohost.c o m /login.a s px?autht y pe=ip,uid&profile=lumc&defaultdb=cin20 Search Query Items found#1 (Stroke OR "cerebrovascular accident" OR "cerebrovascular

disorder" OR "ischemic stroke" OR "hemorrhagic stroke" OR CVA OR CVAs OR "cerebrovascular apoplexy" OR apoplexy OR "intracerebral hemorrhage" OR "cerebral hemorrhage" OR "cerebral infarction" OR "brain infarction" OR "brain ischemia" OR (stroke AND (cerebrum OR cerebral OR brain ))) in ti, ab

36764

#2 ("intensity training" OR "intensity exercise" OR "aerobic intensity" OR (intens* AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*” OR “physical therapy” OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity" )) OR "aerobic interval training" OR ("aerobic interval" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*” OR “physical therapy” OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity" ))) in ti, ab

6733

#3 ("high intensity training" OR "high intensity exercise" OR "high intensity" OR "high-aerobic intensity" OR ("high intens*" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*" OR "physical therapy" OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity")) OR "continuous moderate exercise" OR ("continuous" AND "moderate" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*" OR "physical therapy" OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity"))) in ti, ab, kw

1487

#4 #1 AND (#2 OR #3) 444#5 [english]/lim AND [article]/lim

#6 #4 AND #5 444

SPORTDiscushttps://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/sportdiscusSearch Query Items found#1 (Stroke OR "cerebrovascular accident" OR "cerebrovascular

disorder" OR "ischemic stroke" OR "hemorrhagic stroke" OR CVA OR CVAs OR "cerebrovascular apoplexy" OR apoplexy OR "intracerebral hemorrhage" OR "cerebral hemorrhage" OR "cerebral infarction" OR "brain infarction" OR "brain ischemia" OR (stroke AND (cerebrum OR cerebral OR brain ))) in ti, ab

7956

#2 ("intensity training" OR "intensity exercise" OR "aerobic intensity" OR (intens* AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*” OR “physical therapy” OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity" )) OR "aerobic interval training" OR ("aerobic interval" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*” OR “physical therapy” OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity" ))) in ti, ab

12092

#3 ("high intensity training" OR "high intensity exercise" OR "high intensity" OR "high-aerobic intensity" OR ("high intens*" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*" OR "physical therapy" OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity")) OR "continuous moderate exercise" OR ("continuous" AND "moderate" AND (exercise OR training OR "physical activit*" OR "physical therapy" OR "physical education and training" OR sports OR "exercise therapy" OR "motor activity"))) in ti, ab, kw

2769

#4 #1 AND (#2 OR #3) 362#5 [english]/lim AND [article]/lim#6 #4 AND #5 326

Supplemental Figure 1. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise intensity on walking distance at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 2. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise mode on walking distance at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 3. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise duration on walking distance at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 4. Subgroup analysis for effects of time since stroke on walking distance at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 5. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise intensity on comfortable gait speed at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 6. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise mode on comfortable gait speed at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 7. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise duration on comfortable gait speed at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 8. Subgroup analysis for effects of time since stroke on comfortable gait speed at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 9. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise intensity on Cw at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 10. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise intensity on BBS at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 11. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise mode on BBS at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 12. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise duration on BBS at post-intervention.

Supplemental Figure 13. Subgroup analysis for effects of exercise time since stroke on BBS at post-intervention.