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Supplementary information
Chestnut-like SnO2/C Nanocomposites with Enhanced
Lithium Ion Storage PropertiesLie Yang1, Tao Dai1, Yuecun Wang1, Degang Xie1, R. Lakshmi Narayan1, 2, Ju
Li1, 3,*, Xiaohui Ning1,*
1Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China. 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.3Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.*Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (X.H. Ning), [email protected] (J. Li)
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Fig. S1 FESEM and TEM images of a-b) Sn nanoparticles, c-d) chestnut-like SnO2 nanoparticles and e-f) chestnut-like SnO2/C nanoparticles.
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Fig. S2 FESEM images of SnOx products obtained by oxidizing Sn in water (a) with glucose and (b) without glucose.
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Fig. S3 Characterization of charged phase during cycling. (a) SAED pattern of fully charged particles. (b) XRD result of the electrode plate at fully charged state.
The SAED exhibits diffraction spots of both Sn and SnO2, suggesting the phase is mixed SnO2 and Sn after fully charged. Besides, the XRD curve exhibits signals of both Sn and SnO2 as well, which further confirms the composition of mixed SnO2 and Sn. It should be noted that the Cu related peaks come from the copper foil that act as the current collector. The broad peak at about 20 degree comes from the Kapton film which is amorphous and used to separate the electrode materials from the air during XRD test. In conclusion, after being fully charged, the phase is a mixed SnO2 and Sn rather than pure SnO2 or Sn. It illustrates that Li2O is partially reversible and explains the higher capacity than the theoretical value.
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Table S1 comparison of synthesizing methods for SnO2 based hierarchical particles
Materials Reactants ConditionMorpholog
y References
Hierarchical Hollow
SnO2
SnSO4+H2O hydrothermal
a
SnO2
Nanosheets
SnCl2·2H2O+C2H5OH+H2O hydrothermal
b
SnO2
Hierarchical Structures
SnCl2·2H2O+urea+NaOH+H2O hydrothermal
c
SnO2
nanosheet hollow spheres
SnCl2·2H2O+urea+HCl+H2O+PS+C2H4O
2S
hydrothermal
d
Chestnut-
like SnO2/C Sn+glucose hydrothermal our work
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Table S2: Comparison of lithium ion storage properties of SnO2 based hierarchical particles
MaterialsSpecific capacity
Capacity fading rate
Voltage window
Current density
References
Hierarchical Hollow SnO2
545 0.9% (50cycles) 0.05-1.2V 100mA/g a
SnO2 Nanosheets 559 2.3% (20cycles) 0.005-3.0V 78.2mA/g b
SnO2 Hierarchical Structures
516 0.4% (50cycles) 0.01-1.2V 400mA/g c
SnO2 nanosheet hollow spheres
519 0.6% (50cycles) 0.01-1.2V 160mA/g d
Chestnut-like SnO2/C
9420.1% (100cycles)
0.005-2.5V 80mA/gour work
549 0.005-1.2V 80mA/g
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References:a. X. M. Yin, C. C. Li, M. Zhang, Q. Y. Hao, S. Liu, L. B. Chen,T. H. Wang, J. Phys. Chem.
C 114 (2010) 8084-8088.b. C. Wang, Y. Zhou, M. Ge, X. Xu, Z. Zhang,J. Z. Jiang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 (2010)
46-47.c. H. B. Wu, J. S. Chen, X. W. Lou,H. H. Hng, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011) 24605-24610.d. P. Wu, N. Du, H. Zhang, J. Yu, Y. Qi,D. Yang, Nanoscale 3 (2011) 746-750.
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