CellStructures

• Organellesarethedifferentstructureswithinthecell.Eachofthesestructures

performsspecificandimportantfunctionsinthecell.

AnimalCell

PlantCell

B.Cytoplasm

B.Cytoplasm

A.CellMembrane

A.CellMembrane

C.Nucleus

C.Nucleus

E.EndoplasmicReticulum

E.EndoplasmicReticulum

F.Mitochondria

F.Mitochondria

H.Chloroplast

D.Vacuole

D.Vacuole

I.GolgiBody

J.Lysosome

I.GolgiBody

G.CellWall

CellStructuresandFunctions

A. CELLMEMBRANE–Surroundsandprotectsthecontentsofthecell.Italsohelps

controlthemovementofsubstancesinandoutofthecell.

B. CYTOPLASM–Agel-likesubstancethatconstantlyflowsinacelltodistribute

materialsandwaste.Italsohelpstosupportandsecuretheotherorganellesinside

thecell.

C. NUCLEUS–Oftenthemosteasilyseenstructureinthecell.Thenucleuscontrolsmost

ofthecell’sactivities.Italsoholdschromosomes,whicharemadeofgeneticmaterial

(DNA)thatdirectacell’sgrowthandreproduction.

D. VACUOLES–Spacesthatareusedasstorageforsurplusfood,waste,andother

substancesthatthecellcannotuserightaway.

E. ENDOPLASMICRETICULUM–Afoldedmembranethatformsmaze-likepathwaysto

transportmaterialsinsideandoutsideofthecell.

F. MITOCHONDRIA–Ovalshapedorganellesthatproducetheenergyforacellby

breakingdowntinysugarmolecules.

G. CELLWALL–OnlyoccursinPLANTandfungicells,arigid(hard/tough)outerlayer

madeofcellulosethatprovidessupportandstructureforthecell.

H. CHLOROPLASTS–Structuresinwhichphotosynthesistakesplace.Chloroplastsare

onlyfoundingreenplants,andsomeunicellularorganisms.

I. GOLGIBODY–AlsocalledtheGolgiapparatus/complex,isastackofsmooth,flat

pancake-likesacsthathelpwiththemodification,packaging,andtransportofproteins.

J. LYSOSOMES–Asmall,roundsacthatpinchesofftheGolgibody.Itcontainsenzymes,

whichareproteinsresponsibleforbreakdownanddigestionofparticles.

K. RIBOSOMES–Siteofproteinproduction(i.e.whereproteinsaremade).

Inthespacebelowdrawandlabelaplantandanimalcell:

Plan

tCell

Anim

alCell

Compa

reand

Con

trastP

lantand

AnimalCells

•Ce

llMem

bran

e

•Cy

toplasm

•En

doplasmic

Retic

ulum

(ER)

•Mito

chon

dria

•Nucleus

•Va

cuole

•GolgiBod

y•

Ribo

somes

•Ce

llWall

•Ch

loroplasts

•Lysosomes