are alternative livelihood projects effective at delivering conservation results
TRANSCRIPT
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015
Are alternative livelihood projects effective at
delivering conservation results?
Francesca Booker @BookerFrancesca
IIED AssociateInternational Institute for Environment and Development [email protected]
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015What is an alternative livelihood?
Define alternative livelihoods as an:
1. Alternative Occupation
2. Alternative Resource
3. Alternative Method
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015What do we know?
• Alternative livelihood projects are used in a variety of contexts to achieve conservation objectives
• Concern that the approach is not working… E.g. FFI (2013) ‘Why NOT alternative livelihoods’
• BUT alternative livelihood interventions continue to be used…E.g. CARPE 2010 – 2020 includes an objective to ‘expand alternative livelihood opportunities to rural communities’
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015Why now?
• IUCN WCC 2012 passed Resolution 111 calling for ‘a critical review of the biodiversity benefits of alternative livelihood projects’
• Our response: Systematic map - provides an overview of the existing evidence Systematic review - analyses and syntheses the existing evidence
• Partners include IIED, CIFOR, & ZSL
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015What we did…
• Extensive literature search & stakeholder engagement
• Searches were conducted in English & French
• Captured over 20,000 documents
• Inclusion criteria used to screen titles, abstracts and full texts
• For more detail see our Protocol available at: http://www.environmentalevidencejournal.org/
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015
Systematic map – a description of the evidence
106 projects included in the systematic map(97 documents)
• 69% alternative occupation, 7% alternative resource, 8% alternative method
• 18% standalone initiatives
• 8% had a contractual agreement to secure conservation outcomes
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015
Systematic map – a description of the evidence
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015
Systematic map – a description of the evidence
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015Systematic review – a synthesis of the evidence
• 106 projects included in the systematic map (97 documents)
• 21 projects included in the systematic review (20 documents)
• No measure of effectiveness for 66 of the 106 projects
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015Systematic review – a synthesis of the evidence
• 9 alternative livelihood projects assessed as having a ‘positive outcome’ E.g. Homestays, Guatemala
• 9 alternative livelihood projects assessed as having a ‘neutral outcome’E.g. Seaweed farming, Philippines
• 3 alternative livelihood projects assessed as having a ‘negative outcome’E.g. Micro-credit, Indonesia
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015So, are alternative livelihoods projects effective for conservation?
• Insufficient evidence to answer the question!
• Important shortfalls in the evidence base…
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015
Implications…
... for policy and management
• We need Theories of Change• What’s the biodiversity outcome? • Encourage reporting of positive AND negative
experiences
… for research
• Capture project implementers’ experience• Third party evaluations
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Barbara Trapani26/06/14Francesca Booker
06/08/2015
Acknowledgements
Dilys Roe
Terry Sunderland
Nicholas A O Hill
Noelle Kumpel
Gillian PetrokofskyKent RedfordDianne Russel Gill SheperdTerry Sunderland
Mike Day
Wen Zhou
Sophie Allebone-Webb
Juliet Wright