ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME 2010-2011 DESIGN REPORT

ARCHITECTURE FOR THE DEATH: UNDERGROUND TYPOLOGY FOR HONG KONG

CHAN Cho Wa, Carlos May 2011

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Architecture for^Iie Death ,.jiiaul 1

Underground Typology for HK

Carlos C W Chan Thesis Report

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Content

0 Abstract 0.1 Objective 0.2 Focus and Study

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6 Theory Aldo Rossi Enric Mimlles Etienne Louis Arata Isozaki

HK Situation 8 Supply and Demands in HK Architectural Treatment Locations Government Policy Social Concern Religious Summary

Typology Study 14 Traditional Hill Flat Land Slab Block High Rise

Detailed Case Studies 16 Igualada Cemetery Dmmond Hill I J C ^

5 Rock Study 5.1 Countryside, Town, Urban Edge 5.2 Type of Rock 5.3 Method of Excavation & Tunnel

6 Site Investigation 6.1 Wl\y the site 6.1.1 Urban Edge |

Countryside and community 6.1.2 Natural elements 6.1.3 Traditional and New Type 6.1.4 Site nature, old cemetery and

countryside 6.2 History of sites 6.2.1 Historv of Lee Yue Mun 6.2.2 History of Devil Hill 6.3 Important (ilements in sites 6.4 Zoning arid Site Response

7 Design Strategies Caved Landscape Double Layering System Mix program Linkage and Revitalizing the size Narrative Route and Program Circulation of Darkness and Light

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Others First Siimmarv

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Design Research 40 Atmospheric Drawings System Studies 8.3 Parti Models

Design Process 46

Lighting Study 52 Single Source Combination Sequence Study Unit Study , Unit of sunken niche Sequence in niche Overall Sequence Sequence of Darkness

Final Design 58 Design Summary Key Drawings Sequence Models

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14 archil respect thos^ spj

ALDOBOSBl I Memory, Public,

# b o u l i . e e 1 ^ Expressive； Kepi

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tant place, Distalitj

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ALDD ROSSI “ . . . t o reconcile the cities of the dead and the cities of the living from his hospital bed in the city of the transient in-between . , . is the house of the dead . . . about memories • ..powerfully evokes a literal necropolis, a functioning as opposed to a metaphorical city of the dead . . . is also public building . • . contain bureaucratic aspect of death . . .house, school which life itself modifies the work and its growth in time, the cemetery foresees all modifications...，，

E N R I C M I R A L L E S

“ . . . .To be permanent is contrary to existence. Things are forever changing. • .city of the dead', an in between place where the dead and the living are brought closer together... the acceptance of the cycle of life to enable a link between the past, the present, and the future … a machine to collect time . . . TIME becomes a precise place where to think about a form . . . experience different spaces and instants while moving...

E T I E N N E - L D U I S

“..• the idea of making architecture expressive of its purpose, a doctrine that his detractors termed architecture parlante. . . is gigantic . . . three rings of mournful cypresses te l l . . . a miraculously hollow void . .• tiny holes representing constellations of stars . . . a tour-de-force of imagination •. • expressive architecture . . . f rom contemporary archaeology . . . the effect of day and night...，’

ARPJA I S a Z A K i -...... .....•”奶.弥.“ ‘•；•..•.；；'• ；•；...：..:.....,.......

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“ … a coming together of space, sound and performance. . . stone as object of beauty and catalyst of contemplation with the orthogonal. . .the distant centre of the faith. • .a form embodies sympathy between distant places, distant culture

T 丁 ；w 1 f 1 1 r^ -，八 JL 丄 J L i k ^ l I； I 丄 v y 丄丄

By fsUidying. curront, situatio]] in Hong Kojjp;, \v(! woivJd explore�1]�(� p]T)l)lems am] poUn-jijaLs far fu lun� ] ] ( Kong, whkh 'cXTQ reki1(�d 1,0 :iis •(,�”)()]()�� locaiiojis, pro幻-ams,如(�)m�a�):m职 of thc a]'c]iiteci,u3'(\ TJiis ].)aj'( wi l l I'ocus cm ihe dcmamk am] su]:)p]y jn ]]K’ archilectiD^al i.iX3al,])ieni. Jocjiiioji, g()ver])]iK;Dt fuiirrc policy, socia] (:()m‘( and g.(!m�ra] I'oiij^ioiis, so '<\r> to c!xp]()r( ille r(!]at,i()rjshii) b(M w(�m iJjMt a.srxK：!.

I ocaiiojis, prog] 1 c a]'c]iiteci,u3' cm ih e do in and archilectiD^al i.i g()ver])]iK;Dt fu1 and g(!m�ra] rd ille r(!]at,i()rjshi] and archik�d.vfj

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Demand | Supply a:i]:)]:io"l fiYjjTjrtho increasin^^r demam] osjiecialJy iJie iiicJie m Hong Kong.卜;ince iJio Government, liave oicoi]ra[>;ed ci-c^inaiiojjs instead oi ivadilioiia] ]3urials in 197(1':;，1Jio mi]nb( a)Klpei-centagc of cremations have rise su])sia]Ttia]]y :'m i;he past, 30 years from about 7 300 cre]Tnai,io)is (35%) ]d 1975 1,0 36 500 cremations (89%) in 2009. ]t is critical how k) Jiandle ihc method of cremaijis (hie to the sioady increasing demand for niches in twenty years. Siipp]y I The data c)sl:imated by govern me]ri,s report, ra:is(H� ill at the) siipp]y for cremation caniiot I'each the estimated dealh in future. For the cremation an d niche arrangement, tho; are four inain oreanizaiions to arrar)p:e

jNowcUiays tJ lie :!u]i(v i .]()：!) (),i ( :x�im)l. (;ry and niche hi ]](mg : Konp, h; i)( K))) J) store; only, v� 'hich is J K ) t ；),])] )TX)))3"j ai.(�’ and thi s ty|')c of arc rc -co t ！Id not i'u jj i ] ] tl ie 11 c ('(is for pul)]i('. TJ jc ] i；

for ；paying r( :3S]Dect t 0 ancc! ' ；tors, whore) should l)e i'u rtlio)； ]'j :rnid 丨 aliiK)S]:)]iort' for tl'i C! site.]：)> / iJu! 1 of A](io Ross i and E nrk.; .1\''J i ra] '.. i t 川

a ]}]ace for n -jonmm m t , 1'(}：1' ]j\il)]i( r, arid bo an am).〗(” \y lb；!：' Ji fe cycJe .Thai .'(':「()].‘(),

a more spiri til a] a n d mirni ii.ivc! i. yi)(). of architects irc s]K)i iJd IK) r UM\ in lion Q： Kom); 1 but r]oi just a i：

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T]ie lighlin “(->;..S(H. jllOjlC v., orient a lion a]jd prop�am pJ cxy im p(:)rl:( )j]t roJos :in 1 JT ( ！ at" rnos j)]K，r() of a (；}• em at ()rv and .‘ rrj(‘]K>. Summary 1 T]-io sl,or( I appr()a( in ( Tlioi'c ；sJioi .1—1(1 !)(> ]' lic'jie ] )ujJ(!riij> in ('V(�:l.:Y rciil ,]]()]：),i>; K (m i>; :is not only di rccijon IcS (In ；trie It wjjic] !i is rr riscd ])y ！)( ))i<i](] 9 J] d proper app] •丨 uaci'j i'or At 1,11:1 •c j�OJ. 丨g r n

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Ko]� g, ami a D'jor •c spj: riliia] ami rnoj ” r distrii cis hi ive res j：)()]：! )i]il.Y 1()；"(). lv(�t.ju :i n g . (.yj)o CO uki l)c ) a PI：)： lied as mom]�]: ！ eiii .()as to build riichc i)iji] (Tnuv； and narratjve piiblk building，which�[ re] a led to iJie atmosphere，progmms a functions, seqiujDce, and location of ihi aix^liileciui'e.

；mete] -rvsidi Shui

] ]�tradition type m Hong K()ng，ccimel.er ies and nklics arc located in c-oiinlrysidG and hi]] wit:h sea. due to the Fen9： Bhiii ( Mllitefnj (來龍）、水流向、穴彳 深淺）and Iraditiojia] spirit (任l£道遠， WIij ). Moimlain shouk! be tJie backdrop and nalAira.] dements such as sea and forest. Some of crematory are located near urban town, like Dimr)ond Hi]] Cre matoi-y by governmeiit ajid the funera] parlours are ] oca ted in the city rK)rma]]y sucli as Hiniff Horn.

every clisiriels in the fi iUiro. ' ]�]��( : ( ) )” . i i n i D j i y h a v e s i r o i i g l y o p p a s i k 、 j b c v i i ； f o r

iJ'jat policy and doii])! ahoid (]k�reasonh and Jiocessily for ihat ；p()]i(;y. iJiis ] ' ) o ] i i i c a l i . s s u e w i 1 J i o v i i , (co:nsi(h、ra1,】⑴丨 o f

sjiiril：, nature； ol' tJiis kiiiJ of arc];nt(x;-iiire. and ciijture? The soJiilio.!] inav -- «‘ s o l v e t J i e ( k 、 m a m l ( ) i ' ‘ 「 / t . o r i m / ' ' •Lhc、:r.i:i(.J.i(、

and ii. mayl)().correct, ]r�]:)o1iti(:aJ ”(”;!)()]:丨 sibilii.y. 1Jowevey, what, are/tJu^ 卯ju; i'or iradiiiojia] local.]oji solectioji, wliicii is countrvsicki?/\D(i nrc ei'ficiejicv and ；oiiveDiej'jce； >ite ]ocati()] j

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f l R D i s t r i c t ? ^ Daily L i f e ? � Necessary? ；cial Concern^

C Demand ) Typology Efficiency Planning

Atmospheri Spiritual Sequence

2.5 Social Concern Due to locatidn and the treatmenit J local commi opposite focus for th^ arttiirecture for the death. The tradition绍 spirit 丄 and culture is to separate the dead and live in certain kind of distant. The society may concern the location whether it is close to residents, effect of transportation, outlook of the buildings, disadvantage of society development, and the social value. Therefore, in the future study, we would^consider how the architecture respect to the fdctis, by typology, location, architectural treatment, transportation, and the meaning of that kind of architecture in the society.

HK Situation 2 . x Coi ic lusion 、

.A. . •‘ ^ By studying the dem i d, location, architi^ural treat；脚nt’ policy, tod religious in^ong ifcong, we wotaid find the relgfetionship between 饰e social concerji knd design strategies' typology, location, planning, detailed design, programing, function, i^tmosphere, meaning of building, sustainable development, and the value for society. The research would further study in design strategies and be solidified after case studies.

2.6 Religious "；. ；..、>.，..，，

Religious iti Hong Kong is quite diverse and there is a culture rather than a �

religious for the issue and habit for death. The diverse religious reflects that in the future study we should decide the background of the architecture, which is complex with religious or a universe spirit with traditional habit. The religious would affect the programs, the atmosphere of the project.

religious chat Catholicism-^

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others

道 教 認為生活在世界上是一件美 好的事情，死亡才是痛苦的，因而道教 追求的是r長生久視J 是香港最普遍的殯儀宗教儀式，較為人 熟悉的儀式有破地獄、播播買水等.亦

佛教 認為人和其他眾生一樣，沉滴

於苦迫之中並不斷的生死輪H 是香港普遍的殖儀宗教儀式,較為人熟 悉的儀式有上貢等，目的為超渡先人,

天 主 教 是香港普遍的殖儀宗

教儀式，會講道，奉香，唱詩歌,祈禱 等，目的是為了紀念先人,祝福先人到 了天國，享有永生。

P基督教 是香港普遍的殯儀宗教

儀式，會講道，唱詩歌，祈禱等目的 與天主教一樣，是為了紀念先人,祝福 先人到了天國，享有永生

Donald Tsang Wants YOUL

Typology Study

Traditional Hill Til sen Kwan O Cemetery

Flat Land Hong Kong Cemetery

Slab Block Diamond Hill

High Rise Diamond Hill

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Form The surface of natural mountain is covered by concrete totally. The slope is cut off so as to provide narrow platform for the cemetery. All niche or cemetery is facing open view from the point of traditional Chinese culture.

Form It is initially type of cemetery in Hong Kong. A flat place is like Western cemetery and the atmosphere is more peaceful with greening and landscape. However, this type is rare due to the limited land and efficiency.

Form A modern slab block is a new type for cemetery and niche. The vertical development solve the rapid demand foe the dead. The niche is arranged in linear approach, which each niches are face to face in each unit.

T 禪

Form It is the most efficient typology which is developed vertically. However, the existing type in Hong Kong is like store only without any further meaning in architecture, social concern, and the atmosphere.

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Case Studies i Organization/ Program

Family tomb

Chapel

Car park/ Entrance

•ii Design Strategies a Live <& Death be closer together

Landscape

Sunken Tomb

The cemetery is created by a

sunken tomb street with chapel

and mortuary， in landscape. The

circulation simple, started from

carpark to lower family tomb.

Sitting Place

As a Park

to bring the bereaved down into

the landscape to a ‘city of the dead',

an in between place where the

dead and the living are brought closer

together

b Past, Present, Future

Past

Past Merging with

old and existing landscape, which

respect to its history.

Present | Future The way make the

users travel through time in their minds,

remembering moments while

at the same time experiencing the

present. Experience of space and

reference to other events are achieved

at the same time

c Path Experience X Cycle of Life Time & Space

From Entrance to Family Tomb

"To be permanent is contrary to

existence. Things are forever changing." it should refer not

only to the space we live in, but also, to time. For Miralles,

the architect becomes a collector of time and space.

Specificity of space and continuum of

time incorporating both, time and space,

through images, knowledge and

experiences of the past, the present and

the future, ways of experiencing layers

Materials I of time. Change of Time

CASE STUDIES

By detailed case studies, this part is to investigate and explore the theory, treatment, and programs behind each studies. It is a way to review the situation and compare the difference between the studies and that in Hong Kong. What we learn from studies should consider how to apply on the design strategies, or as reference.

f)

Case Studies •i Organization/ Program

Funeral Parlor

The Old Niche

Main Road

The new Niche

School Crematorium

Complex the complex

icude cemetery, crematorium,

and halls, whihc are bearby secondary

schools and resident.

•ii Design Strategies a Facade <-> Surroundings

d

舰•咖iii觀

Niche

Greening Full of horizontal

greening is designed to reduce the

s^isual impact for ewrroundings

liiA站施,•�iche Form

toi•、丨 fl^hMi Greening iiiiMit'itiM^

^Ml niche is licular to the

mam lacade so a to ‘ •MudaMa/IiMii its negative

iiiip^ci for facade

圉puis结n

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b New Niche Arrangement New Traditional

Arrangement Arrangement

/ ] / ] / i / j ! Niche •

1 N

J MSSrStreet Main Street

amily Niche

Joss Paper "urner

Staircase from G/F to 4/F ingle Niche

Orientation Traditionally, the

niche is mcing open view because

of fu shui. For new Approach,

the niche is oriented in order

to reduce visual impact in urban

distinct

Arrangement Joss Paper

Burner is located at the middle of arrangement to serve two sides. Family Niche is Drovided so as to lance the usable

for niche.

c Circulation Moimtain-like Circulation

Walking Path

The flow is like traditional hill path, from low

to high, to reach each floor.

Two vertical tower serve

as fast speed circulation

CASE STUDIES

By detailed case studies, this part is to investigate and explore the theory, treatment, and programs behind each studies. It is a way to review the situation and compare the difference between the studies and that in Hong Kong. What we learn from studies should consider how to apply on the design strategies, or as reference.

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Case Studies

Carlos Scarpa

Arnaldo Pomodoro

Brion Cemetery Narrative Route

The fragment, the gravestone or memorial becomes the relic, the last link with the lost, and with

the past. It is a idea of narrative route

of a journey, guided by a series of mystical objects and paths.

Landscape will evoke different emotions and associations.

The underground realm of the dead and the past.

Necropolis Extension Carved street

A landscape carved out of the hillside rather than accrued

through a series of buildings. Notion of ruins of a town which

have been discovered below the ground and revealed one

can wander arteries of another world. To create street out of

hillside, a landscape of intimate internal corridor and passages to evoke death...as earth spirit...no

class distinction...

Kaze-no-Oka Crematorium

Atmospheric Journey In a public park. Visitor is

struck by the earth around it. The elements form a curious

landscape of disparate, seemingly crooked fragments,

partially buried in the landscape. Fragment buildings to create

change of atmosphere, view and light in transit between the

stages of journey.

Fumihiko Maki

m Aldo Rossi

Cemetery of San Ctaldo

Empty tomb It is house of dead, remaining

unfinished. The cube was intended to serve as cenotaph, empty tomb. The windows are

un-articulated holes, while roof is conspicuous by its absence...

beloved 'Analogous City'. Effect of industrial crudity of until •.

.massive solidity

David Chipperfield

Ishimoto

Cemeterv of San Michele

Compact Street on Island ...lack of land...to build a

cemetery on a nearby island, entired surrounded by a wall and

views cannot be exploited. Two phase: the second is separated

from the main island by a canal. To create a system of streets

and plazas between volumes to give urban feel, contrast to open garden. The blocks are solid and

cubic. Openness help to define the urban na turf；.

The Tone Complex System

The transition from physical to ethereal necessitates a complex.,

physical process of cremation and proposes a new type of

world. Its monumental scale and low wall give the impression of

an ancient walled settlement...a self contained world...allocated

with ancient Chinese system. White tiger to west, crimson

bird to south,etc.. .combination of light, color. 20

First

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Typology

The typology of traditional hillside type still have potential to be

improved as new typology for future Hong Kong. Therefore, typology of hillside would be further studied.

Social Concern

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store?

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Demand <> Efficiency

魏售磐 I !

18 districts?

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Hong Kong is a fish village, while it is also a large hill in all. We reclaimed land while keep countryside undeveloped. Hills are the in-between elements for Death and Lives. The Potential elements for Death Architecture is the natural mountains in Hong Kong. The flat land is limited while mountains and countryside are easily to access and merged into city smoothly in Hong Kong. There are three kinds of mountains, which is classified by its location and function； Urban Center Hill, Hill in City Edge, and Country side. Those diagram shows the coexist of city and mountain, and the hills would be the agency for merging death and live. City and Hill； Live and Death

111 eastern Kowloon, the formation is approximately 950m thick and includes several thick eiitaxite units

The type of mountain related to site location, typology and the further the program for the community. Moreover, the different type of nature of rock also be the elements for atmosphere and further design strategies.

广)‘) Tyix3of R()ck Klk" Kowloon Granite Lithology- Equigranular medium biotite granite

Krd - Mount Davis Formation Lithology- Dominantly coarse ash crystal stuff with intercalated tuffaceous siltstone and sandstone

Hong Kong is a fish village, while it is also a large hill in all. We reclaimed land while keep countryside undeveloped. Hills are the in-between elements for Death and Lives.

,」i 哦 tho io f tunnel

Site Investigation

atiMi!

6.1 Why this site? The site is to test a new typology from the mountain type, which is caving on the ground. Hill and sea would be basic natural elements. It is to test, to explore, and to solidify the previous research by the site content.

.1 Urban Edge | Countryside and community The mountain type is in urban edge between local community and countryside, which provide an opportunity for designing a program with local society with countryside nearby. According to previous typology study, traditional hill type is taken as further study due to its potential development and the natural landscape in Hong Kong. Therefore, a mountain near a local community in countryside provide an opportunity to design a typology with death, society and nature from the hill typology.

.2 Natural Elements By the typology study for traditional mountain type, natural elements which are hills, water, rock, landscape, wind, would be taken as formational elements in the design strategies for further development. In the site, the huge mountain with reasonable slope provide a basic element for design. Moreover, the site to facing Victoria Harbour. The landscape is from lower Lee Yue Mun Seafood street to higher Devil Battery, which provide rich urban content for testing a new typology.

.3 Traditional and New Type The site in another side is the old and traditional Tseung Kwan O Chinese Permanent Cemetery, which provide an opportunity for comparing the difference between the new type and traditionan^onnecting old and new.

nature | old ceniett The existing cemetery and the countryside site provi nature so as to. reduce the force from community and soci

Yau TonV. 'j VEstate " !! \ Arming、(麵；〜。‘”

A 热 a « � # 勢. 鋪 I

\ Estate / i ••I.� ‘ ‘�Battery

fishing bridge

Residential • • Industrial

Public Greenery

Quarry

Site Investigation 6.2 History of sites .1 History of Lee Yue Mun Lee Yue Mun is famous for its seafood market and restaurants in this finishing village, which is between Junk Bay and Victoria Harbour. The channel is an important passage in the South China Sea and is east gate of Victoria Harbour.

.2 History of Devil Hill Devil Peak is the area garrisoned by the British Army or local pirates to control the passage of Lee Yue Mun, which is an important nautical passage in SOuth China. The remains of a redoubt and batteries and are still visible on the peak. The military sites on Devil's Peak were built between 1900 and 1914. The four main cluster of military structure that remains ar Devil's Peak Redoubt, Gough Battery, Pottinger Battery.

6.3 Important elements in sites Devil Peak | highest point in the region with hiking route from Yau Tong to Tseun Kwan 0. Devil Battery | historical military showing the history of Hong Kong and the unique site content with the program, which is part of hiking route Lee Yue Mun | A small urban fishing village with temporary residential housing，which are along slope landscape with sea front. Lee Yue Mun seafood market | one of famous tourism spot in Hong Kong, where seafood restaurants are everywhere Lee Yue Mun old quarry | one of ancient quarry before 1970s in Hong Kong, serving rocks for South China Yau Tong Public Estate | public estate near the site with high dense development Tseung Kwan 0 Chinese Permanent Cemetery | traditional mountain type cemetery with niche building Tin Hau Temple | an important temple in the Kwun Tong region and also a famous spot for tourism, which is facing the Victoria harbour

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Lighthouse Lee Yue Muh-

Temple

Site Investigation

URBAN LINKAGE AND AXIS BATTERY

MAIN ROAD

FLAT LAND

CONTOUR TOWARD SEA

(QUARRY

SEA

風

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RADIAL AXIS FROM BATTERY

AXIS PERPEN DICULAR TO CDNTDUR

Urban Linkage Heritage linkage between peak and seafood village is connected along the site, which path of experience chang vary the path.

Two Axis Radial axis and perpendicula axis are created according to condition and context.

MAIN ZON I NG

ZONE 1 RADIAL FORM TOWARD SOUTH RELATIVE SLOPED

ZONE 2 FLAT LAND MAIN ROAD

ZONE 3 SLOPE TOWARD WESTERN SOUTH

6.4 Zoning and Site Response .1 Axis Radial and perpendicular axis are created according to the site context. As urban strategy between peak and fishing village near the sea, radial axis is created at upper part along the slope. At southern part, axis perpendicular to contour line is created so as to maximize the land use and reduce the slope so that the path would be more smooth in change of experiment.

.2 Slope Three zone are created due to the existing land slope. At middle part, which is flat land, it is used as main program and entrance area. The paths are expanded from this flat land to south and north axis. In southern part, curved and irregular paths are created as it is relatively flat comparing to northern part. On the other side, simple axis with adhere sunken plazas are created in northern part due to its slope contour.

Three Zones Zoning would be arranged due to site's condition. Flat land would be main program while slope area would be simple path and direct axis. 50

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]'C^S])OCT U) tJ)( ；SRK： am so] em J ) ({(!aih aI m ()叫丨 er(�'. whidi W O U J D 1)() I'jeacefu] N N D iiatura] )�:r()汉ams, svicJi as ie, house. ]Vl()r(�over, ihe inixod program sJiould be from the local site content as well. For tliis sik3，. on(.) of ci'ii/ica] site contxiht, is tJie link a ge 1)d"w(K�

t he Devil BaUery in tine pari? ami viilai^c in L(h、Yii(3 IV]IM quarry. 11 is a ))()t( nti a J fund'ion I'or linking IAVO s])ot as irrbai'j st.raiep;j(\s and mix program woiiJcl be; a]3]D]ied aJong this path.

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1 Caved Landscape

2 Double Layering System

3 Mix Program .3 Mix PROGRAM

,4 Linkage | Revitalise the site

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,5 Narrative Route & Program

,6 Circulation | From Dark to Light

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Mega linkages connect with different sunken cube in the landscape. They are the connection between the seafood street and the peak while main program in the middle flat land.

Number of sunken spaces are located along the landscape. The scale is relatively small so as to provide certain privacy. Linear fast circulations connect each areas and main program is in the middle.

M e g a link with cave Fragment Cave

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Curved form response to the landscape so as to maximize the sunken areas and to echo with the double layer systems. Linkage connect each curved area with irregular circulation while it keep simple and direct. Form response Site

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The vertical tunnel system is learnt from high rise typology so that visitor can clearly enter spaces and space and space is well used.

Tree System

iirect fast linkage meet northern, ithern and main part :h small sunken space, e scale is learnt from ditional cemetery and iy are naturally located the landscape.

aditional Scale

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Sequence along landscape occupy the hill with several sunken cubes. The path experience play important role for the relationship with caves. Sequence

7 一

T]'i(v jTiaiji c()]k;( ]:).1 of mode arc simkon liiciie ar(�ap’ iii tiic ]andsca])o. Tbc jx htc two syslcjiis linJd]]^ uppc] ].)lalj'()]Ti') a]i(] lower- s p a � .

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Paj-li 0no ('vibe niche areas arc extern from 1;1k; land, whidi are grown from tlici ]ai]ds(:apa ]nmT and outer circulation connected each other and outer ('irculatioiis arc) aloiig the mountain.

Parti 'J\vo ‘ Sunken cuhes ai e located ii) dillei'ent areas along the mountain, which is corineciec to path experience. The path, is extended from starting entrance to peak of hil] and the edo'e of sea. ” �

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and s linkage. Cem niche areas are loca fragmentally, which is in small scale.

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Top roof

Indirect

Washing

Indirect

Slope

Slope

Section

Section

lighting Study

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Top roof

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Lighting Study As underground typology, lighting plays important roles as guide and spirit of path experience. It is study of following factors:

Projecting faces, Search of light source, Amount of light, Direction of light, light form, and the meaning of light

•3 Sequence Study Direct Explore

Transiting Space

Buffer Space

A Unit Study ；ansition Space ^^l^ansiti

reen Space

ization

al Change ��

Sectional Change

jighting Study

5 Unit of sunken niche .6 Sequence of light in niche

Green Space

Transitional

Green Space

Path of Darkness

Transitiona ramp

Path of Darkness

Niche Area

:th of Darkness

Every sunken niche areas are connected with path of darkness, where are escape of darkness. Every sunken areas are lighten and there is transitional ramp between darkness and light. Greening Space is located between transitional ramp and niche areas.

The sequence is from darkness to light and then return to daily life. The amount is increased smoothly by the transitional ramp. Before reaching the lighting niche areas, green space is a linkage between dark and light so that space vary smoothly.

,7 Overall Sequence 卢 .8 Sequence cjf Darkness

Lighten niche

Darkness of Entrance

Darkness of Entrance

Transitional Plaza

Lighten niche

Lighten niche

Design Summary After study of Hong Kong situation, typology study，design research, and special study of lighting as guide, here is the design summary for the whole thesis research. It is a total representation of the previous study research and it is trying to apply what I provoked in the scheme.

so Typology Sunken space for niche is applied … as to minimize social impact and using light as guide,

Form Curved form follow the urban linkage with organic growth is along the existing landscape

Path experience Lighting as major spirit play meaningful sequence from entrance to upper platform

Lighting sequence Visitor vary experience from darkness of path to lighten niche and finally the daily life upper platform

Student name Chan Cho Wa, Carlos

Advisor name Bernard Lim JP

Location Devil Hill, HK

Program Cemetery

Area 130 000 m2

Height：

150 m

No. of Floor 05

丁e:A Hikimgj ROLITE; Haus^ T E A H o u s e

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Sectional Study Spaces are lighten in every entrances of niche, which

crave the darkness from path to niche area. It is a urban linkage between peak and the sea edge, where connect the heritage and seafood street with organic path. Experience vary along the change of darkness

and light. Spaces for escape of darkness are carefully located along the sequence

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Sequence FROM D A R K

1 E N T R A N C 2 S U N K E N P L A Z A 3 S O U T H E R

「口 L I G H T The sequence is from

darkness of path to lighten niche and finally return

to daily life. The varying experience of path is

changed with amount of light and the direction of source. It is from dark to

light, and from light to daily life, which is as cycle

of whole life.

6 N I C H E A R E A

T O L I G H T

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Architecture for the Death IJ n (1 e r g r o und Ty p o logy

Carlos C W Chan w an 12J1 k@h ot m ail.co m 97465892

program, Master of Architecture CUHK

years. 2011

ARCHITECTURE LIBRARY 建 築 學 圖 書 館

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