Architectural DrawingLea Shezel L. Alberto

What is an Architectural Drawing?

• An Architectural Drawing is a manual of a building. It is an illustration of what the final product will look like, plus an instructional tool on how to achieve it (details).

• Architectural drawings can be devoted to represent an overview of the building (i.e., an elevation), or they can focus on a particular element (a detail).

• Architectural drawing are made according to a set of convention which includes particular views like floor plan, section, sheet sizes, units etc.

• Architectural drawing are used by Architects to develop design ideas to show clients and it is also a tool we used to communicate our ideas and concepts.

Size, Scale and Symbols• Architectural drawings are drawn to scale, so that relative sizes are correctly

represented. The scale is chosen both to ensure the whole building will fit on the chosen sheet size, and to show the required amount of detail.

• Scale drawing enabled dimension to be understand by others.

Symbols

Template

Cad blocks

Types of Architecture Drawings

• Presentation Drawings• Survey Drawings• Record Drawings• Working Drawings

Presentation Drawings

• Drawings intended to explain a scheme and to promote its merits. Working drawings may include tones or hatches to emphasize different materials, but they are diagrams, not intended to appear realistic. Basic presentation drawings typically include people, vehicles and trees, taken from a library of such images, and are otherwise very similar in style to working drawings. Rendering is the art of adding surface textures and shadows to show the visual qualities of a building more realistically

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Survey Drawings• Measured drawings of existing land, structures and buildings. Architects need an

accurate set of survey drawings as a basis for their working drawings, to establish exact dimensions for the construction work. Surveys are usually measured and drawn up by specialist land surveyors.

A map drawn by a licensed-surveyor after measuring a piece of land, to show its area, boundaries, contours, elevations, improvements, and its relationship to the surrounding land. A property survey confirms that a particular piece of land or building is sited in accordance to its legal description.

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Record Drawings• As-built Drawings• Drawings that are made after the completion of the project for Occupancy Permit and

for record keeping of the owner and the contractor.

Working Drawings

• A comprehensive set of drawings used in a building construction project: these includes not only architect's drawings but structural and services engineer's drawings etc. Working drawings logically subdivide into location, assembly and component drawings.

• Location drawings, also called general arrangement drawings, include floor plans, sections and elevations: they show where the construction elements are located.

• Assembly drawings show how the different parts are put together. For example, a wall detail will show the layers that make up the construction, how they are fixed to structural elements, how to finish the edges of openings, and how prefabricated components are to be fitted.

Component drawings enable self-contained elements e.g. windows and doorsets, to be fabricated in a workshop, and delivered to site complete and ready for installation. Larger components may include roof trusses, cladding panels, cupboards and kitchens.

Traditionally, working drawings would typically combine plans, sections, elevations and some details to provide a complete explanation of a building on one sheet.

How do we do it?

Standard views

Floor Plan ElevationSite Plan

Cross Section Detail drawings

Site Plan• Site plan is an architecture plan, landscape architecture document, and a

detailed engineering drawing

• A site plan usually shows a building footprint, travel ways, surrounding streets, parking areas, drainage facilities, sanitary sewer lines, water lines, trails, lighting, and landscaping and garden elements.

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Floor Plan• A floor plan is the most fundamental architectural diagram, a view from above

showing the arrangement of spaces .• Technically it is a horizontal section cut through a building (conventionally at 4 ft/

1.20m above floor level), showing walls, windows and door openings and other features at that level. The plan view includes anything that could be seen below that level: the floor, stairs (but only up to the plan level), fittings and sometimes furniture. Objects above the plan level (e.g. beams overhead) can be indicated as dotted lines.

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Elevation• An elevation is a view of a building seen from one side, a flat representation of one

façade. This is the most common view used to describe the external appearance of a building. Each elevation is labelled in relation to the plan. Buildings are rarely a simple rectangular shape in plan, so a typical elevation may show all the parts of the building that are seen from a particular direction.

• Geometrically, an elevation is a horizontal orthographic projection of a building on to a vertical plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to one side of the building.

• Architects also use the word elevation as a synonym for façade, so the main entrance of the building is called the front elevation.

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Cross Section• A cross section, also simply called a section, represents a vertical plane cut

through the object, in the same way as a floor plan is a horizontal section viewed from the top.

• In the section view, everything cut by the section plane is shown as a bold line, often with a solid fill to show objects that are cut through, and anything seen beyond generally shown in a thinner line.

• Sections are used to describe the relationship between different levels of a building.by a bold line

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Details• Detail drawings show a small part of the construction at a larger scale, to show

how the component parts fit together. They are also used to show small surface details, for example decorative elements. Section drawings at large scale are a standard way of showing building construction details, typically showing complex junctions (such as floor to wall junction, window openings, eaves and roof apex) that cannot be clearly shown on a drawing that includes the full height of the building.

• A full set of construction details needs to show plan details as well as vertical section details. One detail is seldom produced in isolation: a set of details shows the information needed to understand the construction in three dimensions. Typical scales for details are 1:5, 1:10, 1:20 etc.

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Perspective

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Ways on how to produce them: • Drafting – The traditional tools of the architect were the

drawing board or drafting table, T-square, protractor, compasses, pencil and drawing pens of different thickness. Drawings were made on vellum, coated linen, or tracing paper. Letterings would either be done by hand, mechanically using a stencil, or a combination of the two.

• Computer aided design – use computer software to create drawings

Exciting?

Thank you