archaeology wales - swansea...1.1 in november 2015 archaeology wales (aw) was commissioned by asbri...

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

By Irene Garcia Rovira

Report No. 1419

Archaeology Wales Limited, Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan,

Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371

E-mail: [email protected]

Archaeology WalesHeol Pentre Bach,

Gorseinon, Swansea

Report No: 1419

December 2015

Heol Pentre Bach,Gorseinon, SwanseaArchaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Prepared For: Elan Homes - Southern Region

ByPhilip Poucher

Archaeology Wales LimitedRhos Helyg, Cwm Belan,

Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QFTelephone: 01686 440371

E-mail: [email protected]

Archaeology Wales

Date: 4/12/15

Signed:

Authorised by: Philip Poucher

Position: PM

Edited by: Philip Poucher

Date: 4/12/15

Signed:

Position: PM

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CONTENTS

Summary 1

1. Introduction 2

2. Site Description 2

3. Methodology 3

4. Archaeological and Historical Background 4

4.1 Previous Archaeological Studies 4

4.2 The Historic Landscape 4

4.3 Scheduled Ancient Monuments 4

4.4 Listed Buildings 4

4.5 Non designated sites 5

4.6 Sites recorded on the NMRW 6

4.7 Historical background 7

5. Map Regression 8

6. Aerial Photographs 10

7. New Sites 10

8. Site Visit 11

9. Impact Assessment 12

9.1 Assessment of archaeological potential and importance 12

9.2 Potential impacts from proposed development 12

9.3 Mitigation 13

10. Conclusion 13

11. Sources 15

Appendix I: Gazetteer of sites recorded on the regional HER

Appendix II: Specification

Appendix III: Archive Cover Sheet

List of Figures ........................................................................................................

Figure 1 Location map

Figure 2 Area proposed for development

Figure 3 Listed Buildings within 1km radius of the site

Figure 4 Sites recorded on the HER and new sites within 0.5km radius

Figure 5 Tithe map, Loughor Parish 1839

Figure 6 Ordnance Survey map 1;2500 of 1877

Figure 7 RAF vertical aerial photograph of 1946

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List of Images

Photo 1 View N. General shot of site.

Photo 2 View NE. General shot of site.

Photo 3 View E. General shot of site.

Photo 4 View S. General shot of site.

Photo 5 View SW. General shot of site.

Photo 6 View W. General shot of site.

Photo 7 View NW. General shot of site.

Photo 8 View SW from SW edge of site, towards Loughor.

Photo 9 View S. General view across site

Photo 10 View NW. Traditional field boundary

Photo 11 View SW. Traditional field boundary

Photo 12 Concrete inspection chamber in area of quarry (HPB01)

Photo 13 Stream & storm drain outlet in area of quarry (HPB01)

Photo 13 View SW. View from high point at the SW corner of the site, looking towards

Loughor and the LBs and SAMs (not visible).

Photo 14 View SSE of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02).

Photo 15 View S of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02).

Photo 16 View SW of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02).

Photo 17 View W of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02).

Photo 18 View W of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02).

Photo 19 View W of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02)..

Copyright Notice: Archaeology Wales Ltd. retain copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, and have granted a licence to Elan Homes – Southern Region & Asbri Planning Ltd, to use and reproduce the material contained within. The Ordnance Survey has granted Archaeology Wales Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100055111) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.

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Summary In November 2015, Archaeology Wales was commissioned by Asbri Planning on behalf

of their clients Elan Homes – Southern Region to carry out an Archaeological Desk-

Based Assessment, including a site visit, to determine the archaeological potential of

the land to the west of Hoel Pentre Bach, Penyheol, Gorseinon, Swansea. The work was

undertaken in advance of the submission of a full planning application for the

development of a residential development.

No registered Historic Landscape areas, Historic Parks & Gardens or Conservation

Areas lie within the bounds of the proposed development site or within 1km radius

from the site. No Scheduled Ancient Monuments lie within a 1km radius of the

proposed development site.

Seven Listed Buildings lie within a 1km radius of the proposed development area, all

of which are Grade II listed and of post-medieval date. However, none of these sites

or their settings will be either directly or indirectly affected by the proposed

development.

The regional Historic Environment Record lists six sites within a 0.5km search area and

the general archaeological potential of the site is considered to be low, lying in a

landscape characterised largely by post-medieval agricultural activity and more

generally by late post-medieval coal mining activity. However, research has identified

two new sites within the bounds of the proposed development area. A post-medieval

quarry site (labelled HPB01) lies within the northern edge of the development

boundary, and a post-medieval cottage or small farmstead site called Pen-y-Cae

(labelled HPB02) lies within the southern edge of the site, both sites are considered to

be of local importance. Modern disturbance reduces the potential for quarrying remains

to survive, however tumbled walls within a stand of trees mark the site of Pen-y-Cae,

and further remains may exist below-ground.

In order to mitigate the impact of the proposed development on the identified

archaeological resource it is recommended that an initial survey of the structure of

Pen-y-Cae is undertaken after tree-removal, but prior to the removal of the standing

remains, and a subsequent archaeological watching brief is maintained during

groundworks associated with the proposed development.

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1 Introduction

1.1 In November 2015 Archaeology Wales (AW) was commissioned by Asbri Planning, on

behalf of their clients Elan Homes – Southern Region, to carry out an Archaeological

Desk-Based Assessment, including a site visit, of a proposed residential development

on land to the west of Penyrheol, Gorseinon, Swansea, centred on NGR SS 57714

98904 (AW Project No: 2394, Figure 1).

1.2 A Specification for the Desk-Based Assessment was produced by AW in November

2015 and approved by Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Curatorial Division

(GGAT-CD), who act as archaeological advisors to the local planning authority, City

and County of Swansea (henceforth – CCS) (see Appendix II).

1.3 The purpose of the Desk-Based Assessment, which is detailed in the following report,

is to provide CCS with the information they are likely to request in respect of the

proposed development, the requirements for which are set out in Planning Policy

WALES, July 2014, Section 6.5, and Welsh Office Circular 60/96. The work is to

highlight and assess the impact upon standing and buried remains of potential

archaeological interest and to ensure that they are fully investigated and recorded if they

are disturbed or revealed as a result of subsequent activities associated with the

development.

1.4 Detailed development plans are not yet available. Full planning is sought for a residential

development of 40 to 50 dwellings. The boundary of the proposed development area is

presented in Figure 2.

2 Site Description

2.1 The site is located on land off Heol Pentre Bach, to the west of Penyheol, Gorseinon,

centred on NGR SS 57714 98904. The area of proposed development is currently largely

used for pasture, divided between a large central field with smaller fields to the north

and south and rough ground along the eastern edge.

2.2 The site covers an area of approximately 1.3 hectares on gently sloping land from

approximately 38m above ordinance datum (AOD) in the south to approximately 32m in

the north. The land also falls gradually towards a partly-culverted stream that runs along

the eastern boundary.

2.3 The site is bounded by hedgerows and mature trees, with scrub surrounding the stream

along the eastern boundary. The site is surrounded to the west by agricultural land,

beyond which lies the River Loughor (c.900m west from the site). Modern residential

development surrounds the site to the east.

2.4 The geology of the area proposed for development forms part of the Grovesend

Formation composed of a mixture of mudstone, siltstones and sandstones. The superficial

deposits are characterised as Till Devensian - Diamicton silt. In the northern and central

areas of the sites, normal faults are inferred (BGS 2015).

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3 Methodology

3.1 The methodology for this desk-based assessment follows that set out in the

specification (Appendix II).

3.2 The primary objective is to assess the impact of the proposed development on the

historic environment. This will help inform future decision making, design solutions

and potential mitigation strategies. The aim is to make full and effective use of existing

information in establishing the archaeological significance of the site, to elucidate the

presence or absence of archaeological material, its character, distribution, extent,

condition and relative significance.

3.3 The work includes a comprehensive assessment of regional context within which the

archaeological evidence rests and aims to highlight any relevant research issues within

national and regional research frameworks.

3.4 This report provides information of sufficient detail to allow informed planning

decisions to be made which can safeguard the archaeological resource. Preservation

in situ has been advocated where at all possible, but where engineering or other

factors result in loss of archaeological deposits, preservation by record has been

recommended.

3.5 This assessment considers the following:

a) The nature, extent and degree of survival of archaeological sites, structures, deposits

and landscapes within the study area through assessment of various readily available

primary sources:

1. Collation and assessment of all relevant information held in the regional Historic

Environment Record (HER) at Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust within a

0.5km radius from the centre of the development.

2. Collation and basic assessment of the impact on all designated archaeological

sites (Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Historic Parks & Gardens,

Conservation Areas) within a 1km radius of the aforementioned area.

3. Assessment of all available excavation reports and archives including

unpublished and unprocessed material affecting the site and its setting.

4. Assessment of all relevant extant aerial photographic (AP) evidence, including

that held at the Central Register of Air Photography for Wales, in Cardiff.

5. All sources indexed in the County Archive.

6. Records held by the developer e.g. bore logs, geological/geomorphological

information, aerial photographs, maps, plans.

7. Map regression analysis using all relevant cartographic sources e.g. All editions

of the Ordnance Survey County Series, Tithe and early estate maps (as

available).

8. Place name evidence.

9. Internet sourced satellite imagery.

10. Historic documents (e.g. Charters, registers, estate papers).

b) The significance of any remains in their context both regionally and nationally and in

light of the findings of the desk based study.

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c) The history of the site.

d) The potential impact of any proposed development on the setting of known sites of

archaeological importance.

e) the potential for further work, with recommendations if requested and where

appropriate for a suitable investigative and/or mitigation methodology.

3.6 This work conforms to the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk Based

Assessment, as produced by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA 2014).

4 Archaeological and Historical Background

4.1 Previous archaeological studies

4.1.1 No previous archaeological studies have been identified within the bounds of the 0.5km

search area.

4.2 The Historic Landscape

4.2.1 The proposed development does not lie within the boundaries of any Historic

Landscape Categorisation Areas (HLCA) recorded in the Register of Landscapes of

Outstanding Historic Interest in Wales (Cadw et al 1998), nor do any HLCAs lie within

the wider 1km search area around the proposed development.

4.2.2 There are no registered Historic Park & Gardens or Conservation areas within the 1km

search area.

4.3 Scheduled Ancient Monuments

4.3.1 No Scheduled Ancient Monument lie within the boundary of the proposed development

area.

4.3.2 No Scheduled Ancient Monument lies within the applied search area.

4.4 Listed Buildings (Figure 3)

4.4.1 There no Listed Buildings recorded within the proposed development area.

4.4.2 There are seven Listed Buildings within 1km of the site. All the buildings recorded

within the search area are Grade II listed. The results are presented in the table below:

NUMBER NAME GRADE

26260 Church of Saint Catherine II

26261

War Memorial in grounds of Church of

Saint Catherine II

26847 Capel Moriah II

26848 Schoolroom at Capel Moriah II

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26849 Gates and railings at Capel Moriah II

26850 The war memorial II

87524 Church of Blessed Sacrament II

4.4.3 The Church of Saint Catherine (26260) is an Anglican Parish Church built c.1911 and

situated on the east side of Gorseinon, on the northern side of Alexandra Road.

4.4.4 The War Memorial in grounds of Church of Saint Catherine (26261) is a Celtic-cross

memorial erected in 1922 to the memory of those fallen during the First War.

4.4.5 Capel Moriah (26847) was built in 1898 as a Calvinistic Methodist chapel. The chapel

is located on the northern side of Glebe Road.

4.4.6 The Schoolroom at Capel Moriah (26848) was originally a chapel converted in 1903 to

a schoolroom. This listed building is located on the northern side of Glebe Road, just

to the west of Capel Moriah.

4.4.7 The Gates and Railings at Capel Moriah (26849) were built in 1898 by Willian Griffiths

of Llanelli. They are located in front of Capel Moriah.

4.4.8 The War Memorial (26850) was erected to honour those fallen on the First World War.

This memorial is situated in the centre of a roundabout at the junction of Glebe Road

and Corporation Road.

4.4.9 The Church of Blessed Sacrament (87524) was built in 1967 and it is one of the largest

new churches built in South Wales of the 1960s. The church is situated on the east

side of Gorseinon, on the southern side of Alexandra Road.

4.5 Non-designated sites (Figure 4, Appendix I)

4.5.1 The Historic Environment Record records six non-designated sites of archaeological

and historic significance within the 0.5km applied study area. None of these sites are

located within the proposed development area. These sites are presented in the table

below, the full catalogue provided by Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust is

included to the rear of this report (Appendix I).

PRN Site Name Form Period Designation

00992w

St Michael

Church Church Post-Medieval

01203w Forge Forge Post-Medieval

01268w Mine, Llwchwr Mine Post-Medieval

01418.0w

Llwchwr Mineral

Railway Railway Post-Medieval

01935w Gwyn Faen Dwelling Post-medieval

05213w

Ffynnon

Gwlangel Well

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4.5.2 None of these sites will be directly affected by the proposed development.

4.5.3 Ffynnon Gwlangel (05213w) is located within the bounds of Gwyn Faen Farm, which lies

to the north of the site, although the given grid references places it just beyond the

northern site boundary. It is considered to be a possible holy well, most probably of

Medieval origins.

4.5.4 Gwyn Faen (01935w) is a 19th century, two-storey house located to the north of the

proposed development site.

4.5.5 The forge (01203w) is known to be of post-medieval age and located in Gorseinon. No

further information about the site is available.

4.5.6 Llwchwr Mineral railway (01418.0w) is a dismantled mineral railway branching from a line

in Loughor. The route has since become Pengry Road, named after Pengree, a pit owner

of the 18th century who had several coal workings in the town. By the 2nd decade of the

19th century most of the pits had closed.

4.5.7 Mine, Llwchwr (01268w) is a post-medieval mine situated within Llwchwr.

4.5.8 St Michael Church (00992w) is a Gothic styled Church built in 1885.

4.6 Sites recorded on the NMRW

4.6.1 A 1km radius search from the location of the site (SS 57714 98904) on the National

Monuments Record Wales (NMRW), held and maintained by the Royal Commission of

Historical and Ancient Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) has produced 22 records. A

summary table is included below:

NPRN Site name Type

9089 Soar Independent Chapel, Pengry Road, Dre-Uchaf,

Casllwchwr, Loughor

Chapel

9090 Penuel Baptist chapel, Gorseinon Chapel

9093 Moriah Calvinistic Methodist Chapel and

Schoolroom, Glebe Road, Casllwchwr Loughor

Chapel

9128 Saron Baptist Chapel, Penrheol, Llandeilo Talybont Chapel

9133 Bethel Calvinistic Methodist Chapel (Libanus

Branch), Gorseinon, Llandeilo Talybont)

Chapel

9138 English, Gorseinon, Llandeilo Talybont Chapel

13497 Chapel of Rest, Frampion Road, Penyrheol Chapel

13501 St Catherine’s church, Gorseinon Church

13503 Caersalem, Princess Street, Gorseinon Chapel

13510 Pisgah Chapel, Pisgah Bwkchnewydd, Loughor Chapel

18010 Beili Glas Cottage House

18908 Gwyn-Faen Dwelling

28092 9 Woodlands Road, Loughor Dwelling

7

34096 Loughor Zinc Works, Loughor Swansea Smelting works

34097 Loughor Zinc Works Kiln

80615 Broadoak colliery Coal Mine

85043 Caeduke Colliery, Loughor: offices Office

265644 New Lodge, Garden, Gorseinon Country House

Garden

410058 New lodge, Gorseinon House

414832 Loughor Welfare Hall and Institute Miners Institute,

Working mens

institute

419457 Gorseinon War Memorial War Memorial

419692 Mines Rescue Station, Corporation Road, Loughor Building

4.6.2 The sites recorded on the NMRW indicate the importance that this area had during the

19th and early 20th century. Coal extraction activities are shown by the presence of

structures such as Broadboak colliery (80615), and the social lives of those who worked

on this industry is represented by the number of chapels built in the area during the

late 19th century, and also by Loughor Welfare Hall and Institute (414832) used for

public meetings, dancing, and theatre performances at the beginning of the 20th

century.

4.7 Historical Background

4.7.1 There is very little evidence of significant prehistoric activity within the locality of the

proposed development. During the Roman period a fort was constructed close to the

Loughor estuary, located over 2km to the southwest of the site. This fort was built

soon after the Roman invasion of Britain by the Second Augustan Legion. The Roman

occupation of the area is dated to c.75AD, lasting to 120AD. A subsequent

reoccupation of the fort is documented to have occurred during the late 3rd century

AD (Marvel et al 1997). The fort, called Leucarum, was built to guard the

communication routes passing through the River Loughor. A road connected the site

with other major forts at Neath to the east and Carmarthen to the west. The current

Loughor/Swansea Road is believed to follow the approximate line of this route through

Gorseinon.

4.7.2 During the post-Roman, early-medieval period this area lay within the early medieval

commote/cwmwd of Gower Uwch-coed, which became part of the kingdom of

Glywysing and then subsequently Morgannwg (Glamorgan) by the 10th century. From

the late 10th century Gower, along with several neighbouring commotes, formed a

territory known as Ystrad Tywi, which was fought over by the neighbouring kingdoms

of Deheaubarth (to the west) and Morgannwg (to the east), and it frequently changed

hands between the two before settling as part of the kingdom of Deheubarth after

1081. It is during this period of unrest in the 10th century that Gorseinon supposedly

got its name. The traditional story tells of a battle between Meredith and Eynon ap

8

Owain ap Hywel Dda in the 980s or 990s. Versions would appear to differ, but either

Eynon rested his troops or was killed in an area of marshy ground (Gors) in the vicinity,

and the area was subsequently known as Gors-Eynon.

4.7.3 The Normans arrived in 1093, and led a successful invasion of the area, establishing a

castle on the site of the former Roman fort in Loughor by the early 12th century. After

the Norman invasion the area became known as Gower Supraboscus. Settlement was

probably established close to the castle in Loughor but the area around the proposed

development site is likely to have been relatively remote from the settlement, but may

have lain in the agricultural hinterland. In the mid-12th century much of the

surrounding land was granted by Henry de Villiers to Neath Abbey, who established

the centre of their grange at Cwrt-y-carnau to the north. The boundary of the monastic

land however may have been the stream along the eastern edge of the site as this

formed the parish boundary between Loughor to the west and Llandeilo Talybont to

the east, with the monastic land concentrated in Llandeilo Talybont.

4.7.4 Both designated and non-designated assets within the search area speak of the

importance that this region had during the 19th and early 20th century. Coal extraction

activities are indicated by the presence of structures such as Broadboak colliery (NPRN

0615), and the social lives of those who worked on this industry is represented by the

number of chapels built in the area during the late 19th century and also by Loughor

Welfare Hall and Institute (NPRN 414832) used for public meetings, dancing, and

theatre performances at the beginning of the 20th century. The site itself lies in a

largely agricultural area farmed by a dispersed scattering of farmsteads and

agricultural cottages, but by the late 19th and early 20th century the urban expansion

of Gorseinon was encroaching into this former agricultural landscape.

4.7.5 During the later 20th century the fields to the east of the proposed development area

were gradually developed, with the northern end of Hoel Pentre Bach, immediately

bordering the site, developed in the early 21st century.

5 Map Regression

5.1 Tithe map Loughor Parish, 1839 (Figure 5)

5.1.1 The earliest available detailed map of the site area is the tithe map of Loughor Parish,

drawn up in 1839. The map shows that the current field boundaries were already likely

to be well-established by this time, with the site area divided between two fields with

the stream along the eastern side forming the parish boundary with Llandeilo Talybont.

5.1.2 The main central field and northern field, as visible today, formed a single field labelled

Field 142. The field is not individually named, instead it is labelled as forming part of

“Pencae House and Lands”, along with neighbouring fields to the west, all totalling 9

acres, 3 roods and 13 perches. The land was owned by William Edmonds but farmed

by William Morris, who presumably lived in Pencae to the south.

5.1.3 Pencae appears to be a small farmstead or farm cottage within the southernmost field.

A single building is shown, orientated roughly east – west, with an attached enclosure

to the south. The field is divided in two, although not by a permanent boundary. It is

labelled as both Field 142 and Field 142a, which is described as “House and Crofts

9

near Pencae” and occupied by both William Morris and William Bowen but owned by

the Portreeve, Alderman and Burguesses of Loughor. A trackway connects the site to

the main road to the southwest.

5.2 Ordnance Survey County Series First Edition 1877, 1: 2500 (Figure 6)

5.2.1 The first edition Ordnance Survey map records the site in more precise detail. The

small farmstead or cottage within the southern end of the site is labelled as Pen-y-

Cae, and as in the tithe map, is shown as a single structure on a WNW – ESE

orientation, with an enclosure on its southern side and a smaller enclosure on its

eastern gable end. The building is contained within its own enclosure occupying the

north-western part of the field. The trackway off the southwest is now marked as a

footpath.

5.2.2 The northern boundary of the proposed development site is characterised by a quarry

which runs on an east/west direction surpassing the boundaries of actual site. The

main quarried area would appear to be to the east of the proposed development

boundaries, with an access track running off to the south on the eastern side of the

stream, a route now followed by Heol Pentre Bach. The site is not labelled, which may

indicate it was already out of use by this date.

5.3 Ordnance Survey County Series Second Edition 1898, 1: 2500

5.3.1 This map does not show substantial differences from the County Series First Edition of

1877.

5.4 Ordnance Survey County Series Third Edition 1916, 1: 2500

5.4.1 At this point, the northern area of the proposed development site has been subdivided

into two distinct fields, the northernmost of which is shown as an area of rough ground.

5.4.2 The quarry located within the northern area of the proposed development is now

defined as an old quarry site, with the only identified remains now lying to the east of

the proposed development area.

5.4.3 This map shows the existence of a well just beyond the northern edge of the proposed

development area. The well is presumably associated with the nearby Dyffryn farm,

and also appears to be the location given for PRN 5213w (Ffynnon Gwlangel), although

it does not appear on earlier maps.

5.4.4 Pen-y-cae is still shown, but the site is no longer labelled, which may be an indication

that it has been abandoned.

5.5 Ordnance Survey County Series 1935, 1;2500

5.5.1 It is clear by the time this map was drawn up that Pen-y-cae had been abandoned.

The building is still shown, but not labelled and apparently roofless as an internal

division within the building is marked. Surrounding enclosures associated with Pen-y-

Cae also appear to have been abandoned or removed by this time.

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5.5.2 There is little change noted in the rest of the proposed development area. The well to

the north is now labelled as Ffynnon Gwylhangel.

5.6 Ordnance Survey plan 1971, 1;2500

5.6.1 This map shows the site as it appears on current mapping, with no indication of the

existence of Pen-y-Cae. Development is gradually encroaching into this agricultural

landscape from the east

6 Aerial Photographs (Figure 7)

6.1 A search for aerial photographs of the area produced more than 20 images. While

most images depicted the area proposed for development clearly, the aerial images

did not evidence further detail than that obtained through cartographic/written

sources.

6.2 A series of images were taken by the Royal Air Force in the 1940s and 1950s, the more

detailed of which is reproduced in Figure 7. This shows Pen-y-Cae as an abandoned

roofless structure to the south, with no surviving associated enclosures visible. The

field within which it sits appears clear and used for pasture. The large central field also

appears to be used for pasture, enclosed by well-defined hedgerows. The field to the

north is also clear, with what appears to be a sunken area along the field boundary

denoting the remains of the quarrying activity shown on the early Ordnance Survey

maps.

6.3 RAF and Ordnance Survey photographs from the 1960s, and Meridian airmaps from

the 1970s/80s, show the build-up of scrub along the eastern and northern edge of the

proposed development area, around the line of the stream. Trees are also clearly

colonising the site of Pen-y-Cae from the 1960s onwards. By the early 1980s the site

appears very much as it does today. No further features of archaeological interest are

noted.

7. New sites (Figure 4)

7.1 Two new sites were evidenced during the course of research.

7.2 A map regression has evidenced the existence of a quarry (HPB01) within the bounds

of the proposed site. This quarry is first documented in 1870s although it may

potentially have already been out of use by that date. Remains are recorded in

subsequent maps of the area until the 1960s.

7.3 From the tithe map up to the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1960s, a rectangular

structure is documented on the southern area of the proposed development site. This

structure is named Pen-y-Cae (HPB02), and appears to represent a small post-

medieval farmstead or agricultural cottage, abandoned in the early 20th century.

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8 Site Visit (Photos 1 to 19)

8.1 A site visit was undertaken on the 24th of November 2015. The conditions were dry

although overcast.

8.2 The site comprises one main central field, the eastern edge of a field to the north and

the north-eastern edge of a field to the south, along with rough ground to the

northeast and east.

8.3 The land slopes down from south to north, and from west to east with a scrub-

shrouded small stream-line close to the eastern edge that drains away to the north.

This stream-line appears to have been at least partially culverted towards the northern

end.

8.4 The proposed area for development is currently used for pasture. In certain areas, the

land is very boggy.

8.5 The fields that fall within the proposed site are bounded by a series of earth banks

topped by overgrown hedges, with dense scrub to the north, south and eastern edges.

8.6 To the south lies the remains of Pen-y-Cae. A series of tumbled wall remains can still

be observed within a stand of trees. The walls define a single roomed building (7.6m

by 4.6m internally), orientated approximately east – west, with a walled enclosure

(4.2m by 4.7m internally) on the eastern side. The walls of the main building survive

to heights of between 0.3m and 1.2m, and vary in thickness from 0.5m to 0.6m

defining the north and south walls, to 0.7m to 0.8m defining the east and west gable

walls. The thickness of the eastern gable wall in particular suggests the presence of a

central chimney. A single doorway (1m wide) was noted in the northern wall, 2.7m to

the east of the western gable wall. The walls are built of local stone, a mix of flat

blocks and sub-rounded boulders, clay-bonded. Attached on the eastern side is a

stone-walled enclosure, possibly an attached outbuilding, defined by stone walls 0.6m

thick, up to 1m high, using the same method of construction. No evidence of any

surrounding buildings or enclosures survive above ground.

8.7 At the northern end of the site the location of the former quarry is shrouded in thick

gorse, with no obvious remains of the quarry itself. The presence of a large storm

drain manhole suggests much of the ground in the quarry is likely to have been

disturbed, and therefore it is unlikely significant remains associated with the quarry

survives.

8.8 No other features have been identified within the site area.

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9 Impact Assessment

9.1 Assessment of Archaeological Potential and Importance

9.1.1 Research has identified that the proposed development lies within an area

characterised largely by post-medieval agricultural activities and more generally by the

coal and mineral extraction and trade during the 19th century.

9.1.2 A post-medieval quarry (HPB01) has been identified within the bounds of the proposed

site. This site is first documented in cartographic sources in the 1870s. There is

therefore the potential for remains associated with the quarrying activity to survive,

however a site visit has verified that much of the ground associated with the quarry

and within the proposed development area is likely to have been disturbed, and

therefore the potential for surviving remains is considered to be low. Any such remains

that do survive would be considered to be of local importance.

9.1.3 A small post-medieval farmstead or agricultural cottage site has been identified within

the southern area of the proposed development site. The structure is named Pen-y-

Cae and was occupied in the 19th century (possibly earlier) and abandoned in the early

20th century. Above ground remains of the structure survive, and there is the potential

for further below-ground remains associated with this site to also survive. As a site

typical of the post-medieval agricultural landscape of this area this site is considered

to be of local importance.

9.2 Potential impacts from proposed development

9.3.1 The proposed residential area is assumed to cover the full extent of the area outlined

in Figure 2. Associated groundworks such as topsoil stripping, levelling, foundation and

service excavation have the potential to expose, damage or destroy potential

archaeological remains. Such groundworks are also likely to remove the visible remains

of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02).

9.3.2 No registered Historic Landscape will be directly or indirectly affected by the proposed

development. The current landscape setting is one defined by agricultural land used

for pasture and is bounded by hedgerows and mature trees, but with extensive modern

urban development in close proximity. The site is bounded to the west by agricultural

land, beyond which lies the River Loughor (c.900m west from the site). To the north,

east and south the site is bounded by residential development along Heol Pentre Bach,

Clos y Nant and Clos y Morfa. It is considered, therefore, that the proposed

development will not have a significant detrimental impact on the general

archaeological and historical landscape setting.

9.3.3 No designated sites (Registered Parks & Gardens, Scheduled Ancient Monuments and

Listed Buildings) will be directly affected by the proposed development.

9.3.4 The site visit verified that, given the topography of the area as well as the adjacent

housing estates, no Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings or their settings

will be indirectly (visually) affected by or have any visual relationship with the

development.

13

9.3 Mitigation

9.3.1 Two sites of archaeological interest have been identified within the proposed

development area, namely a former quarry (HPB01) and farmstead/cottage (HPB02).

Without suitable forms of archaeological mitigation, it is possible that the proposed

development will have an escalated effect on any surviving above-ground or buried

remains. The general archaeological potential for the remainder of the site is

considered to be low.

9.3.2 Should, as is presumed likely, any development include the removal of the visible

remains of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02), then ‘preservation by record’ within the development

area may be an appropriate method to reduce the impact of the development on the

archaeological resource. In the first instance this may include more detailed survey

and recording of the visible above-ground remains once tree cover has been removed

from the site. Subsequently an archaeological watching brief, with contingencies, on

any intrusive groundworks may be considered appropriate mitigation to complete the

recording of this feature and any associated below-ground remains.

9.3.3 An archaeological watching brief could also record any potential below-ground remains

associated with the former quarry site (HPB01) that may be disturbed by proposed

development.

10 Conclusions

10.1 This report assessed the potential impact of the proposed development on the

archaeological resource, and examined designated sites and landscapes within an

agreed search area of 1km around the proposed development site, and undesignated

sites within an agreed search area of 0.5km.

10.2 The archaeological desk-based assessment determined that the proposed

development does not lie within, or affect, any registered Historic Landscapes, Historic

Parks and Gardens or Conservation Areas.

10.3 There is no Scheduled Ancient Monument within 1km of the proposed development.

10.4 Within the same 1km search area, there are seven Listed Buildings. All the buildings

recorded within the search area are Grade II listed. The proposed development is

considered to have no direct or indirect (visual) impact on any of these buildings.

10.5 Within a 0.5km wide search area around the proposed development, six sites are

recorded within the regional HER. No sites are recorded within the limits of the

proposed development area.

10.6 Two new sites were identified within the bounds of the proposed development area

during the preparation of this report. Map regression analysis has identified the

existence of a post-medieval quarry (HPB01) within the northern limit of the proposed

site. This quarry is first documented in 1870s and recorded in subsequent maps of the

area until the 1960s. Research has also identified the structure of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02)

within the southern limits of the proposed site. This structure relates to a small post-

medieval farmstead or agricultural cottage site, documented on 19th century maps and

still observable as low tumbled walling above ground.

14

10.7 The general archaeological potential for this proposed development is considered to

be low. However, due to the presence of these two identified archaeological sites

(HPB01 & HPB02) it is recommended that mitigation may be required to further record

their remains during development works on the site. In the first instance it is suggested

that more detailed survey and recording of the surviving above-ground remains of

Pen-y-Cae be undertaken once tree-cover has been removed from the site.

Subsequently, it is recommended that an archaeological watching brief, with

contingencies, is conducted on any intrusive ground works within the proposed

development area in order to record any below-ground archaeological remains that

may be disturbed during development of the site.

15

11 Sources

Published

Cadw, CCW & ICOMOS UK 1998 Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales.

Cardiff: CADW.

Draisey, D 2002 A History of Gower Woolaton: Logaston Press

Marvell, AG & Owen-John, HS 1997 Leucarum: Excavations at the Roman Auxiliary

Fort at Loughor, West Glamorgan, 1982-84 and 1987-88 Britannia Monograph

Series

Morgan, K.E. 2003 Images of Wales – Gorseinon and District Branscombe Park:

Tempus PublishingMorris, B (Ed.) 2000 Gabriel Powell’s Survey of the Lordship of

Gower 1764 Gower Society

Unpublished

Massey, T 1958 A History of Gorseinon West Glamorgan Archives

Maps

British Geological Survey 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer - (accessed 20/11/15)

Anon 1839 Tithe Map, parish of Loughor

Ordnance Survey 1853 County Series Map First Edition 1:2500

Ordnance Survey 1906 County Series Map Second Edition 1:2500

Ordnance Survey 1924 County Series Map Third Edition 1:2500

Ordnance Survey 1970 National Grid Third Revision 1: 2500

Aerial Photographs

US7LOC212 08/03/1944 Medmenham B/W

3GTUDT19Pt1 03/08/1945 RAF B/W

106GUK1625 07/07/1946 RAF B/W

106GUK1400 11/04/1946 RAF B/W

106GUK1419 15/04/1946 RAF B/W

106GUK1629 08/07/1946 RAF B/W

106GUK1294 25/03/1946 RAF B/W

CPEUK2264 27/08/1947 RAF B/W

CPEUK1997 13/04/1947 RAF B/W

540RAF522 04/06/1951 RAF B/W

58RAF545 01/07/1951 RAF B/W

540RAF545 01/07/1951 RAF B/W

16

58RAF3506 21/04/1960 RAF B/W

OS62030 28/04/1962 OS B/W

OS69267 10/06/1969 OS B/W

Merdidian75/70 23/09/1970 Meridian B/W

OS78085 11/06/1978 OS B/W

Meridian6/81 16/04/1981 Meridian B/W

OS99398 14/10/1999 OS B/W

Getmapping 01/01/2000 Getmapping Colour

Databases

Regional Historic Environment Record (HER), held and maintained by Glamorgan-Went

Archaeological Trust

Online resources

British Geological Survey – bgs.ac.uk (accessed 20/11/15)

Gorseinon & District History Archive -

http://gorseinontowncouncil.bayviewcms.com/gorseinon-district-history/index.php (accessed

20/11/15)

http://gorseinontowncouncil.bayviewcms.com/gorseinon-district-history/index.php

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 m

Figure 1: Location map. Site outlined in red.1;25000 @ A4

The Ordnance Survey has granted Archaeology Wales Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100055111) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains otherwise with the Ordnance Survey

0 40 80 120 160 200 m

Heol Pentre Bach

Clos y Nant

Clos y Morfa

PentreBach

Gwynfe Road

Brooklands

0m 50m



87524

26850

2684926848

26847

2626126260

Contains OS data © Crown Copyright and database right 2015

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10.125Kilometers

SS5771498904

Figure 3: Listed Buildingswithin 1km radius from centre of proposed site.


0 100 200 300 400 500 m

Figure 4: Sites recordedon the HER (in green) and new sites (in orange)identified within 0.5km radius of site.


Figure 5: Tithe map,Loughor Parish 1939.Site marked in red.

Figure 6: OrdnanceSurvey 1st edition 1;2500 map of 1877.Site marked in red.

Figure 7: Aerial imagefrom the Royal AirForce, 1946. Approximte location of proposed site marked in red.

Photo 1: View north, taken from a prominent location within the proposed development area (SS

57713 98877). Start of a 360⁰ panorama along with photos 2 – 7.

Photo 2: As above, view northeast showing modern development adjacent to proposed site.

Photo 3: As above, view east.

Photo 4: As above, view south. Proposed development site includes the field beyond the field

boundary.

Photo 5: As above, view southwest.

Photo 6: As above, view west. Proposed development site limit represented by field boundary in the

foreground.

Photo 7: As above, view northwest.

Photo 8: View southwest from the southwest edge of the proposed development area. View

towards Loughor which is hidden by intervening topography and vegetation.

Photo 9: General view south across the central field within the proposed development area.

Photo 10: Field boundary along the western edge of the proposed development area. 1m scale.

Photo 11: Field boundary dividing the central and southern fields. 1m scale.

Photo 12: Concrete inspection chamber in the area of the possible quarry remains (HPB01)

Photo 13: Exit point for the stream and storm drain that run along much of the eastern edge of the

site. This exit lies close to the area of possible quarry remains (HPB01), and illustrates the likely

degree of modern ground disturbance

Photo 14: View SSE of the site of Pen-y-Cae (HPB02) within the stand of trees.

Photo 15: As above, view south. 1m scale.

Photo 16: Wall remains of Pen-y-Cae, view southwest. 1m scale.

Photo 17: Exterior of eastern gable wall to Pen-y-Cae. 1m scale.

Photo 18: Southern wall of Pen-y-Cae, looking west. 1m scale.

Photo 19: Northern wall of Pen-y-Cae, looking west. 1m scale.

APPENDIX I:HER Gazetteer

ArchaeologyWales

file:///C|/Users/Phil/Documents/Current%20projects/Gorseinon/5167Results/HER%20Core%20Report.htm[04/12/2015 13:59:41]

GLAMORGAN GWENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUSTHISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD ENQUIRY REPORT - CORE RECORDS

Enquiry reference number: 5167

Prepared by: Sue Hill, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological TrustProduced for: Irene Garcia Rovira , Archaeology Wales Ltd

The following information has been provided under the terms and conditions of access as detailed on the GGAT HER Enquiry andCopyright Declaration forms. Copyright is reserved on all data supplied by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust. All output resultingfrom the use of the data must acknowledge the source as follows:- Derived from information held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust copyright.

If you wish to use information derived from material held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust for publication in printed or multimediaform or to compile resources for commercial use (with the exception of grey literature reports), prior permission must be obtained inwriting.

Search criteria

Land in Heol Pentre Bach

PRN 00992w NAME ST MICHAELS CHURCH NGR SS57359899 COMMUNITY Llwchwr TYPE Post-Medieval, Church, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Built 1185 Victorian Gothic

DESCRIPTION Built 1185 Victorian Gothic

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1980-01-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 223w

SOURCES 01/mm mention/Lliw Valley BC//1980/Listed Building List/

PRN 01203w NAME Forge, Gorseinon NGR SS57959860 COMMUNITY Gorseinon TYPE Post-Medieval, Forge, RANK: 1 SUMMARY This site comprises a Post-Medieval forge situated within Gorseinon. No further information is currentlyavailable.

DESCRIPTION This site comprises a Post-Medieval forge situated within Gorseinon. No further information is currentlyavailable.

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -


SOURCES

PRN 01268w NAME Mine, Llwchwr NGR SS57829853 COMMUNITY Llwchwr TYPE Post-Medieval, Mine, RANK: 1 SUMMARY This site comprises a Post-Medieval mine situated within Llwchwr. The mine is not visible on the 1st- 3rdedition OS maps; no further information is currently available.

DESCRIPTION This site comprises a Post-Medieval mine situated within Llwchwr. The mine is not visible on the 1st- 3rdedition OS maps; no further information is currently available.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1981-06-04 00:00:00


SOURCES Map Ordnance Survey 2nd Edition OS map 6" Map Ordnance Survey 1st Edition OS map 6" Map Ordnance Survey 3rd Edition OS map 6"

PRN 01418.0w NAME Llwchwr Mineral Railway NGR SS57809845 COMMUNITY Llwchwr TYPE Post-Medieval, Tramway, RANK: 1 SUMMARY FORMER B23: Dismantled mineral railway branching from B22 in Loughor, which has since become PengryRoad, named after Pengree a pit owner of the 18th C who had several coal workings in the town. By the 2nd decade of the19thC most of the pits had closed.

DESCRIPTION FORMER B23: Dismantled mineral railway branching from B22 in Loughor, which has since becomePengry Road, named after Pengree a pit owner of the 18th C who had several coal workings in the town. By the 2nd decadeof the 19thC most of the pits had closed.



SOURCES /PM DESC TEXT//THOMAS & EMERY/MJ & FV/1971/GOWER J/VOL XXI p71-5*

PRN 01935w NAME GWYN FAEN NGR SS57619925 COMMUNITY Gorseinon TYPE Post-Medieval, Settlement, RANK: 1 SUMMARY This site comprises a Post-Medieval Settlement entitled 'Gwyn Faen' situated within the community ofGorseinon. The RCAHMW description is as follows: 'Gwyn-faen is a mid nineteenth-century, two storey house with asymmetrical facade under a curving canopy with cast-iron open columns' (National Monument Records).

DESCRIPTION This site comprises a Post-Medieval Settlement entitled 'Gwyn Faen' situated within the community ofGorseinon. The RCAHMW description is as follows: 'Gwyn-faen is a mid nineteenth-century, two storey house with asymmetrical facade under a curving canopy with cast-iron open columns' (National Monument Records).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 18908

SOURCES RCAHMW National Monuments Record


PRN 05213w NAME FFYNNON GWLANGEL NGR SS57739902 COMMUNITY Gorseinon TYPE Unknown, Holy well, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Ffynnon Gwylangel on Gwynfaen farm, Llandeilo Talybont parish: 'Gwyl Fihangel' is a suggested etymology.

DESCRIPTION Ffynnon Gwylangel on Gwynfaen farm, Llandeilo Talybont parish: 'Gwyl Fihangel' is a suggestedetymology (Jones 1954, 182). Evans 2003: GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project database



SOURCES Jones, F 1954 The Holy wells of Wales GG.9121.JON Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

AM - 12.02.15 (12:12) - HTML file produced from GGAT HER, GGAT file number 1160. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, Heathfield House, Heathfield, Swansea, SA1 6EL. tel (01792) 655208 , fax (01792) 474696, email [email protected] , website www.ggat.org.uk

Archaeological data, from the Regional Historic Environment Record, supplied by The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust in partnership with Local Authorities, Cadwand the partners of ENDEX GGAT, 2010.

mailto:[email protected]

APPENDIX II: Specification

ArchaeologyWales

Specification

For Archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Site Visit:

Heol Pentre Bach, Gorseinon

Prepared for: Elan Homes – Southern Region

Project No: 2394

13th November 2015

Archaeology Wales Limited Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan, Llanidloes, Powys, SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440319 Email: [email protected]

ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF

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NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY This Specification details the proposal for an archaeological Desk Based Assessment and Site Visit associated with the proposed residential development at land to the west of Penyheol (Swansea). It has been prepared by Archaeology Wales Ltd for Elan Homes, prior to the proposed submission of a planning application. 1. Introduction The proposed development comprises plans for a residential development on land to the west of Penyheol, Gorseinon, Swansea (Henceforth – the site), currently used for pasture and centred on NGR SS 57714 98904 (Fig. 1). Information relating to the development has been supplied by Asbri Planning. The work is being undertaken prior to the proposed submission of a planning application. The local planning authority is the City & County of Swansea (henceforth – CCS). This Specification has been prepared by Dr Irene Garcia-Rovira, Archaeology Wales Ltd (Henceforth - AW) at the request of Asbri Planning Ltd, on behalf of their clients, Elan Homes – Southern Region. It provides information on the methodology that will be employed by AW during a Desk Based Assessment and Site Visit. The purpose of the proposed Desk Based Assessment and Site Visit is to provide the CCS with the information they are likely to request in respect of the proposed development, the requirements for which are set out in Planning Policy WALES, July 2014, Section 6.5, and Welsh Office Circular 60/96. The work is to highlight and assess the impact upon standing and buried remains of potential archaeological interest to ensure that they are adequately preserved or fully investigated and recorded if they are disturbed or revealed as a result of subsequent activities associated with the development. This specification is to be approved by the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust (henceforth – GGAT) who act as archaeological advisers to the CCS. All work will conform to the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk Based Assessment (CIfA December 2014) and be undertaken by suitably qualified staff to the highest professional standards. 2 Development Details & Site description Detailed development plans are not yet available. The outline proposals are for a residential development of 40 to 50 dwellings in a ‘Home Zone style’. The site covers an area of approximately 1.3 hectares and is located on land off Heol Pentre Bach, to the west of Penyheol, Gorseinon, centred on NGR SS57714 98904. The site currently comprises land used for pasture, raises gently from the east to the west (between c.20mOD and 22mOD) and is bounded by hedgerows and mature trees. The site is bounded to the west by agricultural land, beyond which lies the River


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Loughor (c.900m west from the site). To the north, east and south the site is bounded by residential development along Heol Pentre Bach, Clos y Nant and Clos y Morfa. Access to the site is currently via Pentre Bach off the Gwynfre Road to the north and from Hoel Pentre Bach to the east. The geology of the area proposed for development forms part of the Grovesend Formation composed of a mixture of mudstone, siltstones and sandstones. The superficial deposits are characterised as Till Devensian-Diamicton silt. In the northern and central areas of the sites, normal faults are inferred (BGS 2015). 3 Site specific objectives The primary objective will be to assess the potential impact of the development proposals on the historic environment by means of a detailed desk top study and site visit. This will help inform future decision making, design solutions and potential mitigation strategies. The aim will be to make full and effective use of existing information in establishing the archaeological significance of the site, to elucidate the presence or absence of archaeological material, its character, distribution, extent, condition and relative significance. The work will include a comprehensive assessment of regional context within which the archaeological evidence rests and will aim to highlight any relevant research issues within national and regional research frameworks. The work will result in a report that will provide information of sufficient detail to allow informed planning decisions to be made which can safeguard the archaeological resource. Preservation in situ will be advocated where at all possible, but where engineering or other factors result in loss of archaeological deposits, preservation by record will be recommended. 4 The proposed archaeological work The proposed archaeological work relates to the whole of the site, i.e. all of the application area. The aim of the work will be to establish and make available information about the archaeological resource existing on the site. The work will include the following elements:

A detailed desk top study (Stage 1) A site visit (Stage 2) The production of an illustrated report and the deposition of the site archive (Stage

3) 5 Method statement for a detailed desk top study (Stage 1) The assessment will consider the following:

a) The nature, extent and degree of survival of archaeological sites, structures,


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deposits and landscapes within the study area. It will involve the following areas of research: 1. Collation and assessment of all relevant information held in the regional

HER at Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust in Swansea, within a 0.5km radius of the proposed development area. Collation and basic assessment of the impact on all Designated archaeological sites (Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Historic Parks & Gardens, Conservation Areas) within a 1km radius of the aforementioned area.

2. Assessment of all available excavation report and archives including unpublished and unprocessed material affecting the site and its setting.

3. Assessment of all extant aerial photographic (AP) evidence and, where relevant, a re-plotting of archaeological and topographic information by a suitably qualified specialist at an appropriate scale. This will include visits to Central Register of Air Photography for Wales, in Cardiff and/or the Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales (RCAHMW), Aberystwyth.

4. Assessment of archive records held at the County Archives, and as appropriate, site files held by RCAHMW

5. Records held by the developer e.g. bore logs, geological/geomorphological information, aerial photographs, maps, plans.

6. Map regression analysis using all relevant cartographic sources e.g. All editions of the Ordnance Survey County Series, Tithe and early estate maps (as available).

7. Place name evidence 8. Internet sourced satellite imagery 9. Historic documents (e.g. Charters, registers, estate papers).

b) The significance of any remains in their context both regionally and nationally and in light of the findings of the desk based study. c) The history of the site, based on the areas of research outlined above. d) The potential impact of any proposed development on the setting of known sites of archaeological importance. e) the potential for further work, with recommendations if requested and where appropriate for a suitable investigative and/or mitigation methodology. 6 Method statement for a Site Visit (Stage 2) A walkover survey will be undertaken of the proposed development area. This will consider the nature, extent and degree of survival of archaeological sites, structures, deposits and landscapes within the study area. Drawings will comprise measured and sketch plans and elevations at appropriate scales as appropriate. Photographs will be taken in high-resolution digital photography with the camera set to take TIFF format images with a resolution greater than eight megapixels. Written records will be made as appropriate.


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7 Method statement for the production of an illustrated report and the deposition of the site archive (Stage 3) The results will be presented in a report and will be detailed and laid out in such a way that data and supporting text are readily cross-referenced. The HER Officer will be contacted to ensure that any sites or monuments not previously recorded in the HER are given a Primary Record Number (PRN) and that data structure is compatible with the HER. The historical development of the site will be presented in phased maps and plans comprising clearly, the outline of the site. Within the report an attempt will be made to indicate areas of greater or lesser archaeological significance and the sites will be ranked in level of overall archaeological importance (locally, regionally and nationally). All relevant aerial photographs, re-plots and historic maps will be included and be fully referenced. Any site photographs included in the report will be appropriately captioned and clearly located on a suitably scaled site plan. The report will specifically include the following:

1. a copy of the design brief 2. a location plan 3. all identified sites plotted on an appropriately scaled plan of the proposal site 4. a gazetteer of all located sites with full dimensional and descriptive detail

including grid reference and period Copies of the report will be sent to Asbri Planning, Elan Homes and to GGAT and for inclusion in the HER. Digital copies will be provided in pdf format if required. Any further stages of archaeological work, after the submission of the report for stages one and two outlined above, will be the subject of an additional GGAT curatorial brief against which a further AW specification will be drawn up. The site archive A project archive will be prepared in accordance with the National Monuments Record (Wales) agreed structure and be deposited with the National Monuments Records, held and maintained by the RCAHMW, Aberystwyth, on completion of site analysis and report production. It will also conform to the guidelines set out in 'Management of Archaeological Projects Two, Appendix 3' (Historic England 2015). Although there may be a period during which client confidentiality will need to be maintained, the report and the archive will be deposited not later than six months after completion of the work. Other significant digital data generated by the survey (ie AP plots, EDM surveys, CAD drawings, GIS maps, etc) will be presented as part of the report on a CD/DVD. The format of this presented data will be agreed with the curator in advance of its preparation. 8 Resources and timetable


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Standards The field evaluation will be undertaken by AW staff using current best practice. All work will be undertaken to the standards and guidelines of the CIfA. Staff The project will be undertaken by suitably qualified AW staff. Overall management of the project will be undertaken by Philip Poucher. Equipment The project will use existing AW equipment. Timetable of archaeological works The work will be undertaken at the convenience of the client. No start date has yet been agreed. Insurance AW is an affiliated member of the CBA, and holds Insurance through the CBA insurance service. Arbitration

In the event of any dispute arising out of this Agreement (including those considered as such by only one of the parties) either party may forthwith give to the other notice in writing of such a dispute or difference and the same shall be and is hereby referred for decision in accordance with the Rules of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators’ Arbitration scheme for the Institute for Archaeologists applying at the date of this Agreement.

Health and safety All members of staff will adhere to the requirements of the Health & Safety at Work Act, 1974, and the Health and Safety Policy Statement of AW.

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 m



0 40 80 120 160 200 m

Heol Pentre Bach

Clos y Nant

Clos y Morfa

PentreBach

Gwynfe Road

Brooklands



APPENDIX III:Archive Cover Sheet

ArchaeologyWales

ARCHIVE COVER SHEET

Heol Pentre Bach, Gorseinon, Swansea

Site Name: Heol Pentre Bach, Gorseinon

Site Code: PBG/15/DBA

PRN: -

NPRN: -

SAM: -

Other Ref No: -

NGR: SS 57714 98904

Site Type: Agricultural Land / Residential Development

Project Type: Desk-based Assessment

Project Manager: Philip Poucher

Project Dates: November - December 2015

Categories Present: Prehistoric to Modern

Location of Original Archive: AW

Location of duplicate Archives: RCAHMW, Aberystwyth

Number of Finds Boxes: 0

Location of Finds: N/A

Museum Reference:

Copyright: AW

Restrictions to access: None

Archaeology Wales LimitedRhos Helyg, Cwm Belan , Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QFTel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 Email: [email protected]

Company Directors: Mark Houliston MIFA & Jill HoulistonCompany Registered No. 7440770 (England & Wales).Registered off ce: Morgan Gri ths LLP, Cross Chambers,9 High Street, Newtown, Powys, SY16 2NY

Archaeology Wales