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NEED FOR LOW COST HOUSING

Housing is one of the basic requirements of any individual next to food

and clothing. All of us dream for owning a suitable house in our lifespan. In todays context when India is heading towards economicgrowth and entering into an era of overall development, it is more thanessential that we create an enabling environment for affordable housingfor one and all.

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FACTORS AFFECTING A NEED FOR LOW COST URBAN SHELTERS:

-Alarming trend of migration to the cities

-Rural migration to cities due to widespread poverty in villages, due tooff-shoot of tremendous socio-economic disparity prevailing in ourvillages

-Urban poverty is a significant cause of inadequate shelter

-Low-quality shelter compounds the problems of poverty. In particular,poor quality shelter is associated with significant health risks

-For those who build their own homes, consolidation is generally slowdue to both an absolute lack of finance, and an inability to spread coststhrough acquiring loans

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FACTORS AFFECTING A NEED FOR LOW COST URBAN SHELTERS:

-Alarming trend of migration to the cities

-Rural migration to cities due to widespread poverty in villages, due tooff-shoot of tremendous socio-economic disparity prevailing in ourvillages

-Urban poverty is a significant cause of inadequate shelter

-Low-quality shelter compounds the problems of poverty. In particular,poor quality shelter is associated with significant health risks

-For those who build their own homes, consolidation is generally slowdue to both an absolute lack of finance, and an inability to spread coststhrough acquiring loans

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STATUS OF URBAN HOUSING:

A World bank study conducted in 1975 shows that:

55% of the households in Mexico city, 35% in Bangkok, 68% inNairobi, 47% in Bagota, 64% in Ahmedabad and 63% in Chennai

Were unable to afford the cheapest dwellings available in the open

markets of those cities.

Percentage of households living in one-room units is 77.4% inMumbai, 57% in Delhi, 67.6% in Kolkata, 65% in Pune, 60% inAhmedabad and 53.6% in Chennai.

About a million people live precariously in 90,000 old and diapilatedbuildings in Mumbai, waiting imminent collapse

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STATUS OF RURAL HOUSING:

The scenario in rural housing is far worse

According to NBO estimates, the housing shortage in rural areas is20.6 million units

About 75% of houses in the countryside belonged to the category of

semi or non-permanent construction

About 74% of national population live in about 5.83 lakh villages

According to the study by Institute of Development Studies(IDS) nearlyhalf of the rural housesare more than 50 years old requiring urgent

renovation on war footing

The number of 'Kutcha' construction has increased testifying the factthat the rich get richer and the poor still poorer in the country

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To Conclude, Inadequate availability of land and its high prices due to avariety of legal and administrative constraints is leaving vast numbers

of households with no alternative but to illegal settlement on poorly-serviced land, or overcrowding in poorly-serviced diapidated structures.

Moreover the rising values of land under pressure of urbanisationand population growth make it difficult for the public authorities toaccuire land for social housing programmes

It is hoped that the, Urban land ceiling and regulation act, 1976,and Rent control act with some ammendments might help accelerate thepace of housing activity in the country

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Agencies currently employed in undertaking Low cost buildingtechniques in Rural and Urban sectors:

-National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD)

-Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO)

-Building Material and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)

-Central Building Research Institute (CBRI)

-National Building Organization (NBO)

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OPTIMUM RESIDENTIAL DESITIES

The following desities are normally considered Optimum:

i) Single storeyed houses : 50-65 houses per gross hectare

ii) Two-storeted houses : 75-100 houses per gross hectares

iii) Three-storeyed houses : 100-125 houses per gross hectare

iv) Four storeyed houses : 125-150 houses per gross hectare

v) Five-storeyed houses : 150 houses per gross hectare

If above densities are adhered to and the layouts are prepared byqualified town planning agencies, it may be feasible to ensure adequateopen Spaces, wide Roads, Parks and other sites for communal facilitiesconsistent with land use economy

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Thank you