Aquatic Aquatic EcosystemsEcosystemsFreshwater EcosystemsFreshwater Ecosystems

Lakes, Rivers and StreamsLakes, Rivers and Streams

ObjectivesObjectives

Be able to describe the factors that Be able to describe the factors that determine where an organism lives in an determine where an organism lives in an aquatic ecosystemaquatic ecosystem

Be able to describe the littoral zone and Be able to describe the littoral zone and benthic zone that make up a lake or pondbenthic zone that make up a lake or pond

Be able to describe 2 environmental Be able to describe 2 environmental functions of wetlandsfunctions of wetlands

Be able to describe one threat against Be able to describe one threat against river ecosystemsriver ecosystems

Aquatic EcosystemsAquatic Ecosystems The types of The types of

organisms that live in organisms that live in an aquatic ecosystem an aquatic ecosystem is determined by the is determined by the water’s salinitywater’s salinity

SalinitySalinity is the is the amount of dissolved amount of dissolved salts the water salts the water contains.contains. Freshwater= <0.5 pptFreshwater= <0.5 ppt Saltwater= 30-50 pptSaltwater= 30-50 ppt

Aquatic Ecosystems Aquatic Ecosystems are divided into are divided into Freshwater Freshwater and and Saltwater or MarineSaltwater or Marine

Freshwater vs SaltwaterFreshwater vs Saltwater FreshwaterFreshwater

Lakes and Ponds-SlowLakes and Ponds-Slow Rivers and Streams-Rivers and Streams-

FastFast Wetlands-water logged Wetlands-water logged

landland Marshes and SwampsMarshes and Swamps

Saltwater or MarineSaltwater or Marine Marshes and Swamps-Marshes and Swamps-

CoastalCoastal Coral ReefsCoral Reefs Deep OceansDeep Oceans

Characteristics of Aquatic EcosystemsCharacteristics of Aquatic Ecosystems Aquatic Ecosystems are characterized byAquatic Ecosystems are characterized by

TemperatureTemperature Sunlight DepthSunlight Depth Oxygen ConcentrationOxygen Concentration Available NutrientsAvailable Nutrients

Aquatic Organisms are grouped by their Aquatic Organisms are grouped by their location at water depths and adaptations location at water depths and adaptations Plankton-Surface, provide most of food, producersPlankton-Surface, provide most of food, producers

Zooplankton-microscopic animalsZooplankton-microscopic animals Phytoplankton-microscopic plantsPhytoplankton-microscopic plants

Nekton-Free swimming organismsNekton-Free swimming organisms Fish, Turtles, WhalesFish, Turtles, Whales

Benthos-Bottom dwelling organism, lived Benthos-Bottom dwelling organism, lived attached to hard surfacesattached to hard surfaces Mussles, worms and BarnaclesMussles, worms and Barnacles

Lakes and PondsLakes and Ponds Form naturally where ground Form naturally where ground

water reaches the Earth’s water reaches the Earth’s surfacesurface

Humans and animals like Humans and animals like beavers create lakes and ponds beavers create lakes and ponds by interrupting water flowby interrupting water flow

Lake structure-2 zonesLake structure-2 zones Littoral Zone-Surface, SunlightLittoral Zone-Surface, Sunlight

Aquatic Plants and Animal Aquatic Plants and Animal Benthic Zone-Bottom, DarkBenthic Zone-Bottom, Dark

Bacteria, Decomposers, Bottom Bacteria, Decomposers, Bottom Feeding FishFeeding Fish

Animal Adaptations-Whiskers Animal Adaptations-Whiskers on Catfish to find food on the on Catfish to find food on the bottom, Amphibians burrow bottom, Amphibians burrow into the mud in winter to avoid into the mud in winter to avoid freezingfreezing

Nutrients in LakesNutrients in Lakes Lakes with an abundant Lakes with an abundant

amount of nutrients, causing amount of nutrients, causing overgrowth of plants, algae overgrowth of plants, algae and bacteria are known as and bacteria are known as Eutrophic LakesEutrophic Lakes

Depletion of oxygen in these Depletion of oxygen in these lakes called Eutrophication-lakes called Eutrophication-kills off oxygen requiring kills off oxygen requiring organismsorganisms

Rainwater runoff carrying Rainwater runoff carrying sewage, fertilizers and sewage, fertilizers and animal wastes from land into animal wastes from land into the water accelerates the water accelerates EutrophicationEutrophication

WetlandsWetlands Areas of land covered by water Areas of land covered by water

for part of the yearfor part of the year 2 Types of Wetlands2 Types of Wetlands

Marshes-contain nonwoody plants Marshes-contain nonwoody plants such as cattails, low, flat lands, such as cattails, low, flat lands, characterized by salinity-ex. Florida characterized by salinity-ex. Florida EvergladesEverglades

Swamps-dominated by woody plants Swamps-dominated by woody plants such as cypress trees, low, poorly such as cypress trees, low, poorly drained land, good habitat for drained land, good habitat for amphibians- ex. Louisiana bayouamphibians- ex. Louisiana bayou

2 Purposes of Wetlands2 Purposes of Wetlands Filter and absorb water-prevents Filter and absorb water-prevents

pollutants from entering ground pollutants from entering ground waterwater

Control Flooding-absorb river Control Flooding-absorb river overflowoverflow

Homes and nesting area for Homes and nesting area for migratory birdsmigratory birds

Cranberry, crawfish productionCranberry, crawfish production

Wetlands are protected in many Wetlands are protected in many statesstates

RiversRivers Originate from snow melt in Originate from snow melt in

the mountains of Minnesota the mountains of Minnesota 1475 ft above sea level1475 ft above sea level

2320 miles long, flows 2320 miles long, flows southward in meanders, southward in meanders, terminating 95 miles below terminating 95 miles below New Orleans at sea level or New Orleans at sea level or O ft.O ft.

44thth longest river in the world longest river in the world Changes with the land and Changes with the land and

climate through which it climate through which it travelstravels Higher altitudes-cold, narrow, Higher altitudes-cold, narrow,

fast, oxygen rich-Head Watersfast, oxygen rich-Head Waters Trout, Minnows, Moss Trout, Minnows, Moss

Lower altitudes-warmer, Lower altitudes-warmer, wider, slower and decreased wider, slower and decreased dissolved oxygen-Ends in a fan dissolved oxygen-Ends in a fan shape called the Deltashape called the Delta

Plankton, Carp, CatfishPlankton, Carp, Catfish Arrowhead, Crowfoot Arrowhead, Crowfoot

Threats to River SystemsThreats to River Systems Industries use river water in manufacturing Industries use river water in manufacturing

processes and release waste into the waters.processes and release waste into the waters. People dispose of sewage and garbage in People dispose of sewage and garbage in

riversrivers Pollutants and toxins produced have killed Pollutants and toxins produced have killed

river organisms and made river fish inedibleriver organisms and made river fish inedible Water runoff from land carries pesticides, Water runoff from land carries pesticides,

fertilizers and manufacturing chemicals into fertilizers and manufacturing chemicals into the river coating sediment with toxic wastethe river coating sediment with toxic waste

Pollutants enter ground water and human Pollutants enter ground water and human drinking water resources in rural areas.drinking water resources in rural areas.

What Do You Know?-60 What Do You Know?-60 pointspoints 1.Why are aquatic ecosystems divided into 1.Why are aquatic ecosystems divided into

freshwater and saltwater? freshwater and saltwater? 2. Freshwater ecosystems include what 7 bodies of 2. Freshwater ecosystems include what 7 bodies of

water?water? 3. Summarize the 4 factors that characterize where 3. Summarize the 4 factors that characterize where

organisms live in aquatic ecosystems?organisms live in aquatic ecosystems? 4. Compare the littoral zone and benthic zone of 4. Compare the littoral zone and benthic zone of

lakes. lakes. 5. Describe 2 environmental functions of wetlands.5. Describe 2 environmental functions of wetlands. Trace the path of the Mississippi river, where does it Trace the path of the Mississippi river, where does it

start and end?start and end? 6. Discuss the importance of one threat against river 6. Discuss the importance of one threat against river

ecosystemsecosystemsAnswer the questions and complete the tasks above. Answer the questions and complete the tasks above. All of the answers can be found in the PowerPoint All of the answers can be found in the PowerPoint

presentation presentation Write the questions.Write the questions.Answer each question using complete sentences.Answer each question using complete sentences.

Black History Month Extra CreditBlack History Month Extra Credit

110 points110 points Who founded the first settlement of Who founded the first settlement of

Chicago? Chicago? When was this person born?When was this person born? Where was he born?Where was he born? Who were his parents?Who were his parents? Who did he marry?Who did he marry? What were the names of his children?What were the names of his children? Name the river upon which the settlement Name the river upon which the settlement

was founded.was founded. What was his occupation?What was his occupation? When did he die?When did he die? Where is he buried?Where is he buried? What Chicago Public School and Museum What Chicago Public School and Museum

is named after this person?is named after this person?