aquatic ecology and endocrine disruption
DESCRIPTION
Ecological Effects of Endocrine Disruption: Quantifying Generational Effects David Walker, PhD University of Arizona. David Walker 1 , Nick Paretti 2 , Gail Cordy 2 , Timothy S. Gross 3 , Edward T. Furlong 4 , Steven D. Zaugg 4 Dana W. Kolpin 5 , and Dennis McIntosh 6 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ecological Effects of Endocrine Disruption: Quantifying Generational Effects
David Walker, PhDUniversity of Arizona
David Walker1, Nick Paretti2, Gail Cordy2, Timothy S. Gross3, Edward T. Furlong4, Steven D. Zaugg4
Dana W. Kolpin5, and Dennis McIntosh6
1 University of Arizona, Environmental Research Laboratory, 2601 E. Airport Dr., Tucson, AZ 85706 [email protected]
2 USGS., WRD, 520 N. Park Ave, Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 [email protected]
3 USGS-Florida Caribbean Science Center, 7920 NW 71st St., Gainesville Florida, 32653 [email protected]
4 USGS, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25046, MS 407, Lakewood, CO 80225-0046 [email protected]
5 USGS, WRD, P.O. Box 1230, Iowa City, IA 52240 [email protected]
6 Delaware State University, 1200 N. DuPont Highway Dover, DE 19901 [email protected]
Aquatic Ecology and Endocrine Disruption
• An organisms ability to better-exploit a resource (or group of resources) in the face of environmental stress and inter-specific competition, coupled with conservation of the genetic material enabling this exploitation, is what drives speciation.
• Genetic conservation of traits is initiated, and sustained by, subtle behavioral cues for mating, spawning, aggression, territoriality, avoidance, etc.
Quantification and Research Design Issues; One Size Does Not Fit All
Mech
anistic U
nd
erstand
ing
Ecological Significance
Genetic
Biochemical
Physiological
Behavioral
Reproductive
Assemblages
Histopathological
Immunological
Bioenergetic
Populations
• Unlike semi-arid or north-temperate regions, effluent-dependent water’s (EDW’s) in arid regions usually contain 100% effluent year-round.
Roger Road WWTP
Tucson
Santa Cruz River
This Study
• Laboratory study with control, replication, and randomization.
• Use fish native to the region (largely pollution-tolerant).
• Concentrate on long-term, persistent compounds.
•Morphology epitomizes adaptations to living in turbid, flashy rivers with extremes in environmental conditions.
•Pollution-tolerant
•Omnivorous, adults grow to 2 feet in length.
•Large enough to survive multiple venipuncture events.
•Readily available supply from USFWS Deter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center
Treatment Treatment
Control
Control
Water temperature maintained between 25-29o C.
Photoperiod was maintained at 12 hours of light and dark
Treatment/Dosages
• Fish in raceways exposed for 3 months per treatment
• 1st treatment = 1/3 by volume treated ww and 2/3 water treated by RO
• 2nd treatment = 2/3 by volume treated ww and 1/3 water treated by RO
• 3rd treatment = full strength treated ww
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Dose 1 Dose 2 Dose 3
Detergent Metabolites
Fire/Flame Retardants
Fragrances/flavors
Fuels/PAHs
Plasticizers/antioxidants
Herbicides/insecticides
Non-prescription drugs
Prescription Drugs SteroidsHousehold Wastewater Compounds
Results in µg/L
Males
17β-estradiol (pg/mL)
Control (n = 6): 217.3
Treatment (n = 13): = 547.4
11-ketotestosterone (pg/mL)
Control (n = 6): = 820.8
Treatment (n = 13): = 473.5
Vitellogenin (mg/mL
Control (n = 6): = 0.09
Treatment (n = 13): = 0.32
17-B
ETA
(pg/
ml)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Control Treatment
T/C
11-K
ETO
(pg/
ml)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Control Treatment
T/C
VIT
ELLO
(pg/
ml)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Control Treatment
T/C
P = 0.0016 P = 0.021 P = 0.036
Females
17β-estradiol (pg/mL)
Control (n = 54): 568.2
Treatment (n = 47): 403.7
11-ketotestosterone (pg/mL)
Control (n = 54): 591.3
Treatment (n = 47): 530.4
Vitellogenin (mg/mL)
Control (n = 54): 0.18
Treatment (n = 47): 0.18
17-B
ETA
(pg/
ml)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Control Treatment
T/C
Missing Rows 25
Oneway Anova
Oneway Analysis of 17-BETA (pg/ml) By T/C
11-K
ETO
(pg/
ml)
100200300400500600700800900
1000110012001300
Control Treatment
T/C
Missing Rows 25
Oneway Anova
Oneway Analysis of 11-KETO (pg/ml) By T/C
VIT
ELLO
(pg/
ml)
-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
Control Treatment
T/C
Missing Rows 25
Oneway Anova
Oneway Analysis of VITELLO (pg/ml) By T/C
P = 0.001 P = 0.286 P = 0.986
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
6
6.25
6.5
6.75
7
7.25
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
ln 17-beta
5 5.5 6 6.5 7
ln 11-keto
6 6.25 6.5 6.75 7 7.25
sqrtvitello
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1
5.5
6
6.5
7
5.5
6
6.5
7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
ln 17ß
5.5 6 6.5 7
ln 11Kt
5.5 6 6.5 7
ln vtg
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7
ln 17β ln 11-keto
ln Vtg
ln 17β 1.00 -0.89 0.74
ln 11-keto
-0.89 1.00 -0.73
ln Vtg 0.74 -0.73 1.00
Control Males Treatment Malesln 17β ln 11-
ketoln Vtg
ln 17β 1.00 -0.50 0.69
ln 11-keto
-0.50 1.00 -0.28
ln Vtg 0.69 -0.28 1.00
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
ln 17ß
5 5.5 6 6.5 7
ln 11Kt
5 5.5 6 6.5 7
ln vtg
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
ln 17ß
5 5.5 6 6.5 7
ln 11Kt
5 5.5 6 6.5 7
ln vtg
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1
ln 17β ln 11-keto
ln Vtg
ln 17β 1.00 -0.67 0.52
ln 11-keto
-0.67 1.00 -0.70
ln Vtg 0.52 -0.70 1.00
Control Females Treatment Females
ln 17β ln 11-keto
ln Vtg
ln 17β 1.00 0.11 0.28
ln 11-keto
0.11 1.00 -0.36
ln Vtg 0.28 -0.36 1.00
We believe this study is highly representative of the biological effect of
endocrine-disrupting compounds on aquatic organisms at the landscape scale.
• This study quantified hormonal impairment; but not fertility or fecundity
New (Ongoing) Research
• Repeat design. • Quantify impairment following a 4 month
exposure .• Aromatase (?),GnRh, GtH I and II,
steroidal hormones, protein development, GSI, HSI, and histology.
• Provide environmental stimuli for spawning.
• Collect eggs and quantify fertility and fecundity of parent generation.
• F1 generation grown in effluent for one year for the determination of sex ratio and hormonal/morphological change.
• Compounds identified using POCIS and SPMD (David Alvarez/USGS-CERC).
• Sperm quality (Jill Jenkins/USGS)
Summary
• Biomarkers infer reproductive impairment, they don’t quantify it.
• Physiological impairment can occur without morphological change.
• Bio-indicator species selection should be ecosystem and objective-specific.
Acknowledgements
USFWS Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center.
USGS Toxics and Hydrology Program
This work was supported by State of Arizona funding,
through the Technology and Research Initiative..