evidence of endocrine disruption of common carp at willow beach: do we have an answer?
DESCRIPTION
Evidence of endocrine disruption of common carp at Willow Beach: Do we have an answer?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Evidence of endocrine disruption of common carp at Willow Beach: Do we have an answer?
Michael R. Rosen1, Reynaldo Patiño2, David Alvarez3, Steven Goodbred4, and Kathy Echols3
U.S. Geological Survey, 1Water Science Field Team, NV; 2 Texas Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit; 3Columbia Environmental Research Center;
4Emeritus, North Carolina
Why are we concerned with Willow Beach?One female Common Carp taken in 2003 showed signs of intersex with spermatozoa visible in ovarian tissue and poor development of testicular tissues in male carp (Hinck et al., 2006; 2007)
In 2007/2008 Additional sampling at Willow Beach confirmed intersex in female fish and 3 of 5 male fish had possibly malignant testicular tumors (seminoma)
OocytesSpermatozoa
Seminoma
Testes from Willow Beach male carp
Fish Tissue and sediment samples collected in 2005 suggested organic chemicals (PCBs) may be an issue
South Cove
Overton
Sentinel
Las Vegas Bay
Willow Beach
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Tot
al c
onta
min
ants
in s
edim
ent
(ng/
g)
PCBs
Las Vegas Bay Willow Beach Overton Arm South Cove 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Tot
al P
CB
s (n
g/g
wet
wei
ght)
Carp composite (n = 5 - 10 per site)
Male Female
Fish Tissue 2007 - 2008mean concentration (n = 6 – 20 fish per site)
March 2007 July 2007 November 2007 March 20080
200
400
Male Carp
PC
Bs
(ng/
g w
et w
eigh
t) Las Vegas Wash Las Vegas Bay Willow Beach Overton Arm
• Summary of field-based studies on Common Carp
The reproductive and endocrine condition of male carp in LMNRA differed among sampling sites and can be classified from higher to lower as follows:
OA > LVB > LBW > WB.
Especially notable were The weak seasonality in the reproductive physiology
of male fish from LVW and WB;
The poor condition of fish from WB including the incidence of gonadal tumors and other reproductive organ anomalies.
Endocrine Disruption in Lake Mead
What is the reason(s) for these endocrine issues in carp from Willow Beach
Several possibilities exist:
1. Effluent from wastewater plant at Hoover Dam2. Effluent from wastewater from the Fish Hatchery3. PCBs from leaking transformers at the Dam4. Contaminants transported down from Lake Mead5. Environmental factors such as cold water released
from Hoover Dam, low food or nutrient supplies, erosion of naturally occurring toxic minerals into the lake
6. Old population of carp
Current study
In order to assess some of these possible sources:
Sediment, attached algae, and water (SPMD/POCIS) were collected at sites above and below the Fish Hatchery (5 sites total)
Fish were collected for histopathology all around these sites
Food, caulk, and rubber were sampled at the Fish Hatchery.
Sampling sites along
Willow Beach
Total distance is about 5 miles from
site 1 to site 5
Google Earth Image 2 miles
Fish Hatchery
Hoover Dam
Lake Mohave
Results
Fish Hatchery materials and feed
B-9 R
acew
ay C
aulk/
Gapfill
er
C-5 R
acew
ay ca
ulk
2:3
mm
trou
t fee
d
1:3
mm
razo
rbac
k fee
d
A-10
Racew
ay g
apfill
er
Racew
ay R
ubbe
r
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
PC
Bs
(ng/
g)
Algae and sediment
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 0
1
2
3
4
5
6P
CB
s (n
g/g)
Sediment Algae
SPMD/POCIS Samples
No PCBs found in water samples
(not surprising) Concentrations of DDT metabolites, PAHs
hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, PBDE-47 and -99, triclosan and methyl triclosan are all higher than at Overton Arm, but not as high as Las Vegas Bay
Other chemicals are present however, but at low concentrations: no greater than Overton Arm: However….
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5Y
ES
Ass
ay (
Est
roge
nici
ty)
Examples of other constituents in the water at Willow Beach
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Overton Arm0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
150020002500300035004000
Con
tam
inan
t co
ncen
trat
ions
(pg
/L)
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Overton Arm0
20
40
60
80
150020002500300035004000
Total contaminants PDBEs Triclosan HCB PCA DDE
Water Temperature and Seasonality
Temperature of Hoover Dam outlet water is generally cold: 52 – 55 oF (11 – 13 oC)
Temperature doesn’t change much seasonally
Carp spawn from May to June at 64 – 86°F (18 – 30°C) with optimum of 73°F (23°C)
Therefore, cold temperatures and lack of seasonality may contribute to poor fish health
Seasonality in Fish
• Within a site, columns with same letter are not different• Asterisk - different from corresponding date in reference site (OA)
Highlights:
1. E2/KT levels generally lower in OA than other sites, except WB.
2. Seasonality absent in LVW and WB.
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Overton ArmLas Vegas Bay
Las Vegas WashWillow Beach
abab b
c
a a
baa a
a a
a
a
a
a
**
*
*E2/
KT
rat
io
• E2/KT Ratio
Fish Histopathology 2010
GSI (%)
Testes MA area (%)
Intestitia Thickness (mm)
Conclusions
There isn’t any smoking gun Fish Hatchery materials appear to have some
PCBs in them and perhaps had more in the past Estrogenic chemicals were detected in the water
near the Hatchery PCBs and other contaminants occur at low
concentrations upstream of the Hatchery Low temperature of the water and lack of
seasonality can’t be discounted as a contributing factor
Thanks to NPS and FWS for access to sites on Lake Mohave and the Fish Hatchery
Funding was from the USGS-NPS collaborative
Water Quality Partnership Program
Questions?