APUSH Review: Key Concept 1.2

(The Columbian Exchange)

Everything You Need To Know About Key Concept 1.2 and The Columbian Exchange To Succeed In APUSH

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Period 1: 1491 - 1607

The New Curriculum and The Columbian Exchange

• Key Concept 1.2 “European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange, a series of interactions and adaptations among societies across the Atlantic.”o Page 24 of the Curriculum framework

• The Columbian Exchange revolutionized life in the Americas, Europe, and Africa.

• Key Concept 1.2, I: “The arrival of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere in the 15th and 16th centuries triggered extensive demographic and social changes on both sides of the Atlantic.”o Page 24 of the Curriculum framework

• Big Ideas:o What were positives and negatives of the Columbian Exchange on both

hemispheres?o What were reasons that led to European exploration?

The Columbian Exchange

• What was it?o The exchange of plants, animals, culture, humans, diseases,

etc. between the Americas, Europe, and Africa

• Examples of goods:o Americas to Europe and Africa: potatoes, maize (corn),

tomatoeso Europe to the Americas: wheat, rice, horses, chickens, oxen

• Impact of exchange?o In Europe and Asia: massive population growth due to new

foodo In Africa: Spanish and Portuguese used Africans from West

Africa to be used as slaves in the Americaso In the Americas: spread of diseases (smallpox), social classes

(Mestizos), horse transformed Native life (made hunting easier), Encomienda system

Key Concept 1.2, II• “European expansion into the Western Hemisphere

caused intense social/religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building.”o Page 24 of the Curriculum framework

• What drove European exploration and conquest?o 3 G’s – Gold, Glory, Gospelo To spread Christianity – Spain

• Money and food from the Americas led to population growth in Europe and helped shift the economy to capitalismo Joint-stock companies – used to raise $ for explorations

• Used in Jamestown (1607)

• New technology aided exploration:o Sextant – could be used to find exact position on earth – more precise sailing

Test Tips• Multiple-Choice Questions and Short Answer:

o Be familiar with the impacts of the Columbian Exchange – not just food• Increase in world trade, permanently connecting two hemispheres

o Identify specific goods and their impacts – horse and potatoo Impact on Africans – drastic growth in slavery

• Essay Questions:o Not likely since it is from period 1

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