APUSH

The shift from Authoritarianism to Individualism in the American colonies.

African American Proverb“At first we had the land the white man had the Bible.

Now we have the Bible and they have the land”Respond with references to the Native American -

White relations.Pick one 1662 Powhatan uprising Roger Williams 1637 Pequot War 1675 King Phillips/Metacom War 1676 Bacon’s Rebellion Iroquois nation

Make sure you have a clear, concise main idea.

Make sure you have Specific Factual Information to support your claim

The shift from Authoritarianism to Individualism in the American

colonies.

Remember The Organizing Principal:Between 1607 and 1763, the British North Americancolonies developed experience in, and the expectation of self-government in the political, religious, economic, and social aspects of life.

Religion, Politics, Economics Martin Luther 1517 Protestant Reformation

John Calvin - predestination - Calvinism

Henry VIII of England - Anglican Church of England

Beer and the Mayflower The Mayflower is headed for Virginia…but

ends up putting ashore at Plymouth rock. One Pilgrim’s diary explains why: “We could

not take time for further search or consideration, our victuals being much spent, especially our beer.”

Once ashore, they promptly erected a brew-house…. They needed to make a beer run!

Puritans/Separatists -Plymouth 1621

Va. Company - Mayflower Compact (squatters submitting to will of majority)

Wm Bradford

1691 merge w/ Mass. Bay colony

Keeps the rabble from rebelling

Covenant Theology““Covenant of Grace”:Covenant of Grace”:

between Puritan communities and God.between Puritan communities and God.

““Social Covenant”:Social Covenant”: Between members of Puritan communities with each Between members of Puritan communities with each

other.other.

Required mutual watchfulness.Required mutual watchfulness.

No toleration of deviance or disorder.No toleration of deviance or disorder.

No privacy.No privacy.

Puritans - Mass. Bay Colony 1629

Successful. John Winthrop - City on a Hill - holy society Covenant w/ God - “freedmen” of congregation - Congregational Church.

Larger voting pop. of males than in England. Still not a “democracy” “visible saints” only eligible for church membership and they = freedmen Purpose of gov’t was to enforce God’s laws to all ppl Everyone paid taxes to gov’t supported church BIBLE COMMONWEALTH John Cotton - defending duty of gov’t to enforce religious rules Power of preachers not absolute - hired/fired by congregation Can’t hold political office (historical fear) separation of church and state Protestant work ethic

We shall be as a city on a hill. The eyes of all people are upon

us.

Colonizing New England

Puritan “Rebels” & Rhode Island

Rhode Island - sewer. No religious compulsory oaths. No compulsory attendance at church, no taxes to support state church - manhood suffrage. - traditional home of the other wise minded. Royal Charter 1644.Threatens patriararchal

society If holy life no sure sign of salvation then truly saved shouldn’t even bother to obey law of God and man - antinomianism -

Religious toleration.Religious toleration.

civil gov’t has no authority to regulate religious behavior..

Connecticut 1630 Dutch and English Puritans led by Rev. Thomas Hooker 1639 Fundamental Orders

Puritans vs. Indians 1621 Plymouth befriended by Wampanoag

Indians - Squanto & Massasoit 1637 Pequot War English vs. Pequot tribe -

Connecticut River Puritans criticized in Europe - conversion

pushed 1675 Metacom aka King Philip War - alliance

among diff. tribes. Metacom captured - head displayed. He did slow the western march of settlers but natives no longer posed a threat

Southern New EnglandIndian Tribes, 1636

A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637The Pequot Wars: 1636-

1637

Population Comparisons:New England v. the

ChesapeakeNew England Colonies,

1650

Unity? 1643 New England Confederation.

England in civil war Purpose to band against natives, French, Dutch; also

intercolonial runaways Each member (regardless of size) 2 votes (populous Mass.

didn’t like this) Puritan club

Mass. Bay Plymouth Connecticut New Haven Connecticut valley settlements No Rhode Island No Maine settlements

Unity Gone? 1660 English crown restored under Charles II,

James II, Wm and Mary Colonial defiance 1662 Charles II gave rival Connecticut sea-to-

sea charter 1663 Rhode Island sanctioned 1684 Mass Bay Colony’s charter revoked

First American Revolution? 1686 Dominion of New England

Not homegrown NE Confederation - this is royal All NE plus NY as well as E and W Jersey England did it to bolster defense ag. Indians England did it to make efficient administration of

Navigation Laws Colonial rivalries; stitch colonies to motherland; no trade

with non-English countries Smuggling becomes honorable

Autocratic Sir Edmund Andros Open affiliation with despised Church of England

Dominion of New England Autocratic Sir Edmund Andros

Curbed town meetings Restricted court, press, schools Revoked land titles No popular assembly - tax w/out representation Surpress smuggling

1688-1689 Glorious Revolution in England Wm and Mary Dominion of New England collapses

New Mass.? Glorious Revolution didn’t mean much

besides Andros leaving 1691 new royal charter again - new

permanent royal gov’t Loss ancient charter Now voting not just church members but all

male property owners

Glorious Revolution Wm and Mary meant “salutory neglect” But

More English officials remain due to Charles II) They were often corrupt and loyal to England Not locally elected

Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies[or “Restoration”] Colonies

Founded in the 1660s by: Friends of British King Charles II. Land speculators. Middle class farmers & craftsmen.

More Like Later America Than More Like Later America Than Other Regions!Other Regions!

Economic diversity.

Large cities à more cosmopolitan culture.

Some slavery [6%-12% of the population].

Ethnic and religious diversity.

Religious toleration.

“Bread Colonies.”

New Netherland - New York

Dutch East India company in East

Asia Henry Hudson Dutch West India

company in New Netherland New Amsterdam was

company town Don’t care for religious,

political tolerance Strongly aristocratic

New Netherland and Neighbors

Hostile natives Hostile New England esp

Connecticut New Sweden on Delaware River

trespassed on New Netherland land 1655 Dutch wiped out New Sweden

led by Peter Stuyvesant 1664 Stuyvesant surrender to Duke

of York New Amsterdam becomes New

York

Pennsylvania Dissenters - Quakers

(Religious Society of Friends) - dissent against religious and civil authority Use “thees and thous” rather

than titles All children of God Abhorred strife

The “Holy Experiment”The “Holy Experiment”

Pennsylvania 1681 William Penn granted immense territory by

King Best advertised colony Liberal land policy Traded and treated Indians fairly. Liberal regime Representative assembly elected by landowners No tax supported state church drained coffers Freedom of worship was guaranteed to all (except

Jews/Catholics)

Pennsylvania No provision for military defense No restrictions on immigrations Did have “blue laws” Rich ethnic mix Fast growing colony LEGACY: new commonwealth. Based on civil

and religious liberty. Based on freedom fo conscience and worship

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups

1670-1680 Crisis1670-1680 CrisisIroquois Lands & European Trade CentersIroquois Lands & European Trade Centers

King Philip’s War,King Philip’s War,1675 – 1676)1675 – 1676)

From Authoritarianism to Individualism Great Awakening Enlightenment

Powerpoint show

From Authoritarianism to Individualism Puritan Farmer from Massachusetts in 1640 Baptist seaman in Rhode Island in 1740 Scholar of the Enlightenment at he College of William

and Mary in Virginia in 1765.

Compose paragraphs that characterize the thinking of your character on each of the points listed below: His concept of God The individual’s reason for existence The individual’s relationship to God The need for education The individual’s role in government The individual’s responsibility for improving society

Sequential Worksheet

Homework Carefully write out the question on the

SFI worksheet provided. Complete the SFI for Friday

“To what extent did the 3 regions of colonial America develop separate societies in the years prior to the American Revolution?”