April 26, 2005 NWEN

Emerging Trends in Wireless Technologies

Jim GramsMark PhillipsJoe McCarthyApril 26, 2005

Introduced by Tom Ryan,President, Athena Chiefswww.athenachiefs.com

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Introduction – Tom Ryan, President, Athena Chiefswww.athenachiefs.com

- 45 minutes of speaker time- 45 minutes of Q&A

- Please hold your questions until all three speakers are finished

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Jim GramsRecently Departed CTO of Cingular Wireless Mobile

Multimedia Groupnow President, Black Oak Associates

www.black-oak-associates.com

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Overview

• Overview of wireless spectrum landscape• Detail of “mature” consumer wireless physical layers• Opportunity Map for Entrepreneurs• Local companies doing wireless• Conclusion

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Perspectives

• Wireless networking is mainstream• Multi-dimensional complexity

– Fixed vs. mobile– Licensed vs. unlicensed– Wide-area vs. Local-area– Organized networks vs. ad-hoc networks

• Technology proliferation evident– Creative chaos confuses and invigorates

• Business considerations– Is the network a business itself?– Is the network simply a capability within another business?– Will content ultimately determine access?

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Types of Networks

Bluetooth-802.15Infrared, RFID

Low cost

Short distances

Cable Replacement,

Cordless telephony in

Emerging market

< 1 Mbps

PANPersonal

Area Network

GSM/(E)GPRSUMTS/3G

802.20

High cost

Long distances

10 to 384 Kbps+

Full mobility, ubiquitous cov., High security, Easy to use

WANWide

Area Network

Medium-High cost

Med-long distances

Fixed, last-mile,

low mobility

22+ Mbps

802.11b/a802.16

LMDS/MMDS

MANMetropolitanArea Network

802.11b802.11a

LANLocal

Area Network

Medium cost

Medium distances

Computer-computer and to the

Internet, Low mobility, IT Intensive,

security issue, NRT services

2 to 54+ Mbps

April 26, 2005 NWEN

802.16

802.11b/WiFi

WLAN/WAN/MAN Data rates and Speed Relationship

Source: Public Wireless LAN Access: A Threat (?) toMobile Operators, Analysis Research, 2001

50

500

1000

10 000

50 000

100 000C

ha

nne

l Tra

nsm

issi

on

rate

(kb

it/s

Bluetooth

Fixed LAN

Blackberry (US)

Bluetooth

802.11a and HiperLAN2

UMTS/802.20(E)GPRS

GSM

Stationary Walkingspeed

Drivingspeed

Nomadic Enhancements (802.16e)

April 26, 2005 NWEN

802.11 Status

• IEEE 802.11a/g– 2.4 GHz, Non-Line of Sight capable– a is widely deployed, g beginning to appear– Classic “hot-spot” WLAN– Practical range maximum about 300’

• IEEE 802.11b– 5 GHZ, Non-Line of Sight capable– b is less well deployed, useful if 2.4 GHz is crowded– Practical range maximum about 150’

• Combination (a/g or a/b) chipsets appearing• Remains the most common WLAN technology

April 26, 2005 NWEN

802.16 Status• IEEE 802.16

– 10-66 GHz, Line of Sight capable– Testing completed, commercial chips available– Allows Point to Point networking (backhaul)– Range up to 20 miles (5 mile practical)

• IEEE 802.16a– 2-11 GHz with extensions to 256QAM/OFDM and other

features– Allows Non-Line of Sight applications– Published April 2003– WiMAX forum has taken on testing responsibility

• IEEE 802.16e– Adding Nomadic “roaming” capabilities

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Mark PhillipsPresident/CEO, A Dot Corporation

www.adotcorporation.com

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Personal Wireless Networks

• RFID– Very short range (10 meters) sensor technology used to

supplement bar-code reader type applications

• Infrared– Short range, usually line-of-sight, non-RF technology,

used mostly for wireless remote control, or wire replacement applications

• Bluetooth– Personal Area Network technology, with lower layers

standardized in 802.15, and network and application layers defined by Bluetooth SIG organization

April 26, 2005 NWEN

New Developments

• NFC (Near Field Communications)– Short distance, secure, low speed transmission protocol,

intended for identification and authorization transactions.

– Similar to Bluetooth, but lower bandwidth. Proposed as a “control signal” protocol to facilitate set up of ad-hoc connections using other protocols (e.g. Bluetooth, infrared) for transmission

– Pioneered by DoCoMo and Phillips. Nokia says they will add NFC chipsets to their devices in future

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Zigbee

• Promoted by the ZigBee Alliance• Very low power (and low speed) short distance (10m)

transmission standard• Operates in 868-918 KHz, and 2.4GHz bands using

802.15.4 PAN standards• Targets self-configuring, ad-hoc networking between

consumer devices (e.g. RC toys, Computer peripherals), sensors and monitors,

• Low power means low cost and very long (up to years!) battery life making “place and forget” device applications feasible

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Opportunity Map checklist

• What is the application/product/service?• Interoperability with new or existing infrastructure?• Cost target? Hardware?• Customer? Consumer, Business • Infrastructure modes: Broadcast, P2P, Infrastructure• Content feeds

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Local Companies• Impinj• Trafficgauge• Wireless Services• Microsoft Smart Personal Objects (MSN Direct)• Intermec• Wildseed• Inrinx• CoCo Communications• Airbiquity• Netmotion Wireless• interrelativity• m-Qube• UI Evolution (now Square Enix)• Etc., etc.

April 26, 2005 NWEN

New Ideas

• Google SMS• Vazu – SMS contacts synchronization• Inrinx – Wireless Traffic • SPOT Watch – wrist top news, sports, weather, IM• Ring-tones, porn, and wallpaper• Wireless anti-virus, anti-spam• Mobile blogs• Multi-player mobile games (e.g. hi-tech ‘tag’)

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Conclusions• Lots of topologies to pick from• No clear applications/business for many of them – unless you make

equipment or are an incumbent carrier• No clear business model for data subscription, device purchases,

blend, minutes, operators, per unit item – phone call, minutes, movie, music?

• Lots of wireless choices, but lack of clear applications• Fragmented device manufactures with low tolerance for radio costs

and no operator subsidy business model.• And we haven’t even discussed complexity in hardware/software

engineering to ship a CE/UL/FCC approved device.

• Equals much opportunity…• A lot of capital is flowing into “Wireless” companies just now

– From Feb 1 to Apr 1, 2005, 70 private wireless companies have announced funding totaling $760M.  In addition, 87 M&A transactions were announced. 

April 26, 2005 NWEN

The Practicalities, Perils and Promise of RFIDJoe McCarthy

Connector in ChiefInterrelativity, Inc

http://interrelativity.com

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Outline

What is RFID?

What is it good for?

What are the risks?

What is on/over the horizon?

April 26, 2005 NWEN

What is RFID?

Si

Coil

Encapsulation

RFID Transponder

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves. [RFID Journal]

[Roy Want, Intel]

ComputerRFID

Interrogator

RFIDTransponder

Energy

Clock

Data

April 26, 2005 NWEN

“It’s simple,but it isn’t easy”

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Complications• Tag size, shape, frequency• Passive, semi-passive, active• Distance, orientation• RF interference (EMI)

– Other tags, readers– Other sources of RF– Metal, liquids, …

• Standards– ISO, EPC

• Patents• Data Format

– Writeable tags• Interoperability

– Tags, readers, backend systems, countries

Frequency Category Range

128 kHz LF Inches

13.56 MHz HF Feet

915 MHz UHF Meters

2.45 GHz Microwave Many meters

April 26, 2005 NWEN

April 26, 2005 NWEN

EPCglobal

Tag

Local Host

ONSPML

Savant

ReaderProduct

Remote Host

NetworkNetworkNetwork

EPC

• TAGS RFID • EPC Electronic Product Code• ONS Object Name Service• PML Physical Markup Language• SavantTM Distributed Operating System• ALE Application Level Events (devices, data, apps)

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Costs

• Tags– Passive: $0.20 - $0.40– Active: $10 - $50

• Readers– Passive (UHF): $500 - $3,000– Active: readers + “signposts”

• Computers, networking, databases, …• Training (mandatory, $5-10K, 1-2 weeks)• Forrester Research estimate

(for a $12B consumer products company):– $128,000 for consulting and integration– $315,000 for the time of the internal project team – $80,000 for tag and reader testing

April 26, 2005 NWEN

RFID Market

• IDTechEx– Today: $2B, 1.8B tags

(400M passive, 1.4B active)– 2008: $7B– 2015: $27B, 1 trillion tags– RFID vs. barcodes

• 5-10B barcodes / year• To reach 10B RFIDs / year,

need < $0.01 / tag cost (2020)• Requires alternate technology, print them off

Intellitag PM4i

(Intermec)

Sabre 1555

(Intermec)

April 26, 2005 NWEN

“Identify any object anywhere automatically”

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Supply ChainItem Case

Pallet

Container

Transport Vessel / Vehicle

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Access Control

Buildings

Ski resorts

Countries

Containers

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Asset Tracking

Livestock Salmon Pets

Beer kegs Airline luggageDocuments& Folders

At school

On the bus

At the park

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RFID in Healthcare

Equipment Medications Patients

Blood Surgical sites

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Transactions

ExxonMobil SpeedPass

MasterCard PayPass

Illinois Tollway I-Pass PowerPay

April 26, 2005 NWEN

“The innocent have nothing to fear”

April 26, 2005 NWEN

• Internet: aggregate electronic data• RFID + Internet: aggregate physical world data (!)

– Tracking & tracing: people, places & things– Granularity: Item-level vs. supply chain

Risks

BoycottBenetton.com BoycottGillette.com BoycottTesco.com

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Hacks

http://rfid-analysis.org/

April 26, 2005 NWEN

“The future is here,it’s just unevenly distributed

April 26, 2005 NWEN

RFID + Mobile Phones

• KDDI– RFID readers– Active & Passive

• NTT DoCoMo n901iC FOMA®– Sony FeliCa chip (+ surround sound, card scanner…)

April 26, 2005 NWEN

RFID + Sensors

• TempSens– Up to 64 temp. readings– Three modes

• Interval (2 sec – 18 hrs)• Out-of-range events• Out-of-range + max/min

– Shelf life: up to 18 months– Applications: perishable food, drugs– www.ksw-microtec.de

April 26, 2005 NWEN

RFID + Robots

• Kobe, Japan– Mobility Support Project

• Utah State University– Center for Persons with

Disabilities

April 26, 2005 NWEN

RFID + PeopleVeriChip (Applied Digital Solutions)

April 26, 2005 NWEN

RFID + Displays

• Proactive Displays: Large displays with sensors that can detect and respond to people nearby– Awareness & interactions among people in shared spaces– Virtual community physical community

Digital profiles(WWW)

Physical tags(RFID)

Real-world interactions+ =

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Ticket2Talk

April 26, 2005 NWEN

Thanks! / Questions?

• For more information– http://interrelativity.com/rfid