Applications of Photonic Technology 2 Communications, Sensing, Materials, and Signal Processing

Applications of Photonic Technology 2 Communications, Sensing, Materials, and Signal Processing

Edited by

George A. Lampropoulos A.U.G. Signals Ltd. Toronto, Ontario, Canada

and

Roger A. Lessard Universite Laval Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows:

International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology, Sens ing, Signal Processing, and Communications (1994: Toronto, Ont.)

Applications of photonic technology 1 edited by George A. Lampropoulos, Jacek Chrostowski, and Raymond M. Measures. p. cm.

lncludes bibliographical references and index.

1. Photonics-Congresses. 1. Lampropoulos. George A. II. Chrostowski, Jacek. III. Measures, Raymond M. IV. Title. TAI520.f56 1995

621.36-dc20 95-32967

CIP

Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology (ICAPT '96), held July 29-August 1, 1996, in Montreal, Canada

ISBN 978-1-4757-9252-2 ISBN 978-1-4757-9250-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9250-8

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1997.

Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1997

http://www.plenum.com

10987654321

Ali rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, rnicrofilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

PREFACE

This book presents a current review ofphotonic technologies and their applications. The papers published in this book are extended versions of the papers presented at the Inter­national Conference on Applications ofPhotonic Technology (ICAPT'96) held in Montreal, Canada, on July 29 to August 1, 1996. The theme of this event was "Closing the Gap Between Theory, Developments and Applications."

The term photonics covers both optics and optical engineering areas of growing sci­entific and commercial importance throughout the world. It is estimated that photonic tech­nology-related applications to increase exponentially over the next few years and will play a significant role in the global economy by reaching a quarter of a trillion of US dollars by the year 2000. The global interest and advancements of this technology are represented in this book, where leading scientists of twenty-two countries with advanced technology in photon­ics present their latest results.

The papers selected herein are grouped to address six distinct areas ofphotonic tech­nology. The reader will find throughout the book a combination of invited and contributed papers which reflect the state of the art today and provide some insight about the future of this technology.

The first two papers are invited. They discuss business aspects ofphotonic engineer­ing. One examines if chip-to-chip interconnections by means of optical technology are a good economic choice, while the other discusses the photonic technology from entre­preneurial viewpoint.

Papers related to materials and considered for photonic applications, e.g., lasers and laser technology and applications using optics, have been assembled under the section "Opti­cal Materials, Lasers and Applied Optics."

In the following section the reader will find papers on optical transmission and ampli­fication of signals under the title "Optical Communications." Optical Communications cur­rently dominate the way oftransmission through optical fibers, optical switches, and gigabit networks. Furthermore, photonics play an important role in the evolution oflnternet and in­formation superhighways.

A large section is devoted to "Photonic Devices" where the reader will find papers on optical interconnects, new optoelectronic components, waveguide devices, and photon de­tection devices and techniques.

"Optical Computing, Signal and Image Processing" also represents a very important area in photonic technology. Invited papers present optical neural networks used as a security devices and for image classification. This section also includes papers related to remote sens­ing and infrared technology. With the increasing availability of information through multi­spectra and hyper-spectra multi-sensor distributed systems, advanced signal and im­age-processing algorithms, devices with large storage (i.e., optical devices) and high-speed computing (i.e., optical computing) are required.

v

The last section puts together papers related to "Optical Measurements." Invited and contributed papers describe sensors and measurements techniques from theory to applica­tions for mechanical, structural, medical, industrial, chemical, and environmental purposes.

All the contributions in this book were selected due to their great impact and potential in applications of photonics. We feel confident that this book will be a good reference for those working in photonics and a good starting point for those entering the field.

G.A. Lampropoulos R.A. Lessard

CONTENTS

Part I PROTONIC ENGINEERING AND BUSINESS

Optical Chip Interconnections: Economically Viable? ......................... . Maarten Kuijk, Kamel Ayadi, Roger Vounckx, GustaafBorghs, Gerhard Bickel

and Paul Heremans

Photon Capital: A Subsidy for Photonic Entrepreneurs Carl W. Nelson

Part II OPTICAL MATERIALS, LASERS AND APPLIED OPTICS

Materials

Functionalized Polymers for Electro-Optic Modulation through Grating-Induced

7

Resonant Excitation of Guided Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 G. Blau, G. Vitrant, P-A. Chollet, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar

Graded Effective Index Planar Polymer Waveguides with Application to Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

J. N. McMullin, D. W. Boertjes, M. Krishnaswamy, and B. P. Keyworth

Nonlinear Polarization Shaping in a Nematic Liquid Crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Gary Galstian and Tigran Galstyan

Refractive Index Gratings in CA3MN2GEp 12 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 R.A. Rupp, B. Sugg, and S.L. Gnatchenko

Ti:LiNb03 Single-Mode Waveguide Fabrication Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 S. Fernandez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Garcia, S. L. Palacios Diaz, R. Diaz Crespo,

J.M. Fernandez Diaz, and A. Guinea Rueda

Optical Parametric Process in Crystalline Molecular Layered Confinement Structures: Second Harmonic Generation in Microcavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Serge Gauvin and Joseph Zyss

PZT Thin Films by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 D.X. Lu, E.M.W. Wong, E.Y.B. Pun, P.S. Chung, and G.C. Jia

vii

Ferroelectric and Second Order Nonlinear Optical Effects in Surface Crystallized 0.50 Te02-0.50 LiNb03 Glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

M.V. Shankar and K.B.R. Varma

Lasers

Solitons in Femtosecond Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Michel Piche, Jean-Francois Cormier, Allaoua Belahlou, Isabelle Richard, and

Xiaonong Zhu, and Simon Debluis

Fast Frequency Shift of Laser Diode by Optical Short Pulse Irradiation . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Ryoji Ohba, Sasono Rahardjo, Seiichi Kakuma, Norihiko Takahashi,

Toshiyuki Suzuki, Takushi Tanaka, and Yuichiro Nariyoshi

Threshold Condition of Single-Mode Gain-Coupled DFB Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Jianyao Chen, Alain Champagne, Roman Maciejko, and Toshihiko Makino

Demonstration of a Cold Start Procedure for a Laser Source Frequency-Locked to Molecular Absorption Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Jean Fran~ois Cliche, Michel Tetu, Christine Latrasse, Claude Gamache, Normand Cyr, and Bernard Villeneuve

Holographic Mirrors for Laser Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Reza Massudi, Jean-Fran~ois Lepage, Genevieve Anctil, Sebastien Gilbert,

Damien Stryckman, Nathalie McCarthy, and Michel Piche

Phase-Noise Measurement of a Stabilized Single-Longitudinal-Mode Er3+-Doped Fiber Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Veronique Fran~ois, Gregory W. Schinn, Serguei Tchouragoulov, and Marc Levesque

Theoretical Modeling ofEr-doped Waveguide Laser Using Time-Domain Algorithm 99 T.I. Yuk, Y.M. Ma, S.F. Yu, and J.C. Palais

Applied Optics

Airborne Obstacle Avoidance Lidar Using Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers .. 105 Fran~ois Seguin, Eric S. Johnstone, and Franz Blaha

Diffractive Lens Dispersion Characteristic as Wavemeter For Optical Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Simon Thibault

High Efficiency Diffractive Optical Elements for Beam Coupling and Array Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Yunlong Sheng, Dazeng Feng, Francois Galmiche, and Peter Kung

New Model for the Mutual Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Composite Media ................................................. 125

G.R. Flynn, L. Malley, C.R. Schwarze, D.A. Pommet, and M.A. Fiddy

Second-Harmonic Generation in the Nonlinear Relief Grating Coupler Mitsuhiro Yokota

viii

131

Ultrafast Reflectivity and Wave-Mixing Response ofGaAs Fabry-Perot Microcavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Rainer Buhleier, Jean Louis Iehl, Jacques Henri Collet, Veronique Bardinal, Chantal Fontaine, Martin Hubner, and Jurgen Kuhl

Opto-Mechantronics: A New Concept of System Design ........................ 143 Kexing Liu

Proposal for a New Actuator for Optical Disk ................................ 149 Miguel Angel Partida Tapia, Francisco Flavio Cordova Quiroz,

Eduardo Rodriguez Escobar, Oscar Camacho Nieto, Adriano D'Luca, and Jose F. Delgado Frias

Relaxation of Holographic Record in the System with Annihilating Centers ........ 157 Michael G. Kucherenko

Part III OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Suppression of the Soliton Frequency Shifts in a Two Channel WDM System ....... 167 A. Selvarajan and C.S. Aparna

Optimization of 10 Gbit/s Linear Transmission over Standard Single Mode Fiber Using Distributed Feedback Lasers ................................... 173

Paulo A.S. Goulart and Adolfo V.T. Cartaxo

Development of Optical Transmitter and Receiver for 10GBIT/s Lightwave System .. 179 M.S. Park, T.W.Yoo, J.H. Han, T.Y.Yun, B.S. Kwark, J.H. Song, J.S. Kim,

W. J. Kang, and M.S. Lee

Secure Coherence Modulation Telecommunication System ...................... 183 B. Wacogne, H. Porte, P. Mollier, and D.A. Jackson

Low Latency Optical Bus for Multiprocessor Architecture ...................... 189 Laurent Fesquet and Jacques Henri Collet

A Novel Multiple-Grating Fiber Device for Optical Communications Applications .. 195 Lawrence Chen, Seldon D. Benjamin, Peter W.E. Smith, John E. Sipe, and

Salim Juma

A Novel Single Fiber Self-Healing Structure for CATV Super Trunk .............. 201 Zan Shi, Quing Li, and Peida Ye

Constraints on the Design of Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Soliton Communication ...... 205 Chunyan Zhang and Peida Ye

The Timing Jitter Caused by Fluctuation of Gain in Soliton Communication Systems 211 Hong Wang and Peida Ye

Enlarged Shuffienet Architecture for Optical Networks ......................... 217 Andrea Borella and Franco Chiaraluce

ix

Indoor Wireless Infrared Link with a Holographic Multiple-Spot Diffuser .......... 223 Eli Simova, Ming Tai, and Mohsen Kavehrad

A High Speed Self-Routing WDM-ATM Network for Wireless Personnel Communication Services ........................................... 229

Shyh-Lin Tsao

A Phase-Noise Insensitive Modulation Scheme for CDMA Optical Local Area Networks ........................................................ 235

Ennio Gambi and Franco Chiaraluce

Harmonic Distortion Characteristics of Directly-Modulated Semiconductor Laser followed by an FM-to-IM Interferometer .............................. 243

G.Yabre and J. Le Bihan

Ultra-Short Soliton Stability in Distributed Fiber Amplifiers with Different Pumping Configurations ................................................... 249

Mario F.S. Ferreira

The Distributed Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier with Gradually Changing Doped Concentration .................................................... 255

Jinlong Yu, Xiaohong Ma, Jufeng Dai, Xiaoyi Dong, and Enze Yang

Part IV PHOTONIC DEVICES

Optical Interconnects

Polymer-Based Volume Holograms for a Surface-Norman 3x3 Non-Blocking Wavelength-Selective Crossbar ...................................... 263

Charles C. Zhou, I. Joseph, and Ray T. Chen

Bi-Directional Optical Backplane Bus With Multiple Bus Lines for High Performance Bus Systems .......................................... 269

Chunhe Zhao and Ray T. Chen

A Signal-Transparent Distributed Optical Interconnect Based 1 Ox 10 Optoelectronic Switch .......................................................... 275

Rohit Sharma and R. Ian MacDonald

A Comparison Study between 2D VLSI Circuits and 3D Circuits Based on Multifunctional Smart Pixels ........................................ 281

DietmarFey

Performance Analysis of a WDM-SDM Hybrid Optical Cross-Connect System ..... 287 Yongdong Jin and Mohsen Kavehrad

New Optoelectronic Components

Characteristics of Grating Assisted Couplers Used as Narrow-Band Optical Filters .. 293 Otto Schwelb

X

Study of SAW on New GaAs-CUTS used in Signal Processing Monolithic Nanostructured Devices ............................................ 299

J. E. Lefebvre, V. Zhang, J. Gazalet, arid T. Gryba

A New Modeling Method of Narrow Pulse Transmission in Fiber-Bragg Gratings ... 305 Xingguo Wang, Laurent Meuleman, and Michel Blonde!

Focal Plane Imaging Arrays Based on GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors .................................................... 311

H.C. Liu, M. Buchanan, Jianmeng Li, Z.R.Wasilewski, P. H. Wilson, P.A. Marshall, R. A. Barber, P. Chow-Chong, J.W. Fraser, and J. Stapledon

Limits of Acousto-Electro-Optic GaAs/GaAlAs Multiple Quantum Well Modulators 319 J. Gazalet, S. Bahlak, J.E. Lefebvre, and T. Gryba

Optical-to-Electrical Power Conversion and Data Transmission Module ........... 325 Pentti Karioja, Risto Jurva, Kimmo Keranen, Kari Tukkiniemi,

Jouko Lammasniemi, Ari Tervonen, and Marja Englund

8x8 GaAsP/GaP LED Arrays Fully Integrated with 64 Channel Si-Driver Circuits ... 333 R. Bub, M. GroB, T. Alder, W. Brockherde, and D. Jager

Polariser Formed by Tapered Metallic Fiber .................................. 339 Bing Zhu, Zhiyu Liu, Weiwei Hu and Jingren Qian

Validation of Small-Signal Analysis for Nonlinear Dispersive Fiber Systems Using Numerical Simulation .............................................. 343

Adolfo V.T. Cartaxo and Paulo A.S. Goulart

Bragg Grating Filter Synthesis with a Piezo-electric Transducer .................. 349 A.T. Alavie, M.M. Ohn, and R. Maaskant

Active Wavelength Measurement Systems Based on Quantum Well Electroabsorption Devices ......................................................... 355

T. Coroy and R.M. Measures

Low-Cost Pigtailing of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Arrays ............. 361 B.P. Keyworth, D.J. Corazza, and J.N. McMullin

Optical WDM Components

High-Finesse Periodic Coupler as a Wavelength Selective Device for WDM ........ 367 Vincent Delisle, Udo Trutschel, Hugues Tremblay, Michel A. Duguay, and

Falk Lederer

An Integrated Optical Spectrometer for WDM ................................ 373 H.J. Hnatiuk, K.A. McGreer, and J. N. Broughton

Experiment on Optical Code-Division-Mutiple-Access Switch System Using Spectral Amplitude Encoding of Light-Emitting Diodes ......................... 379

Lucie Adam, Eli Simova, and Mohsen Kavehrad

xi

A Robust, Adaptive Multi wavelength WDM Transceiver for Optical Fiber Transmission Systems ............................................. 385

H. Willebrand, J. Sauer, M. Sprenger, P. Kalra, A. Jayasumana, and H. Temkin

Unequally Spaced Channels for Upgrading WDM System from 3-Channel to 22-Channel Preserving No FWM Crosstalk ............................ 391

Xin Miao

All-Optical SDH/SONET Self-Healing Ring with WDM ....................... 399 Xiao-Ping Yan and Peida Ye

The Availability Analysis of Many WDM Channels through a Cascade ofEDFAs without Gain Equalization .......................................... 405

Xiao Shen and Peida Ye

Photon Detection Devices and Techniques

Development of a Miniaturized Digital High Angular Resolution Laser Irradiation Detector (HARLID) and its Integration in a Laser Warning Receiver ........ 411

A. Cantin, J. Dubois, P. Webb, D. Luisi, and D. Pomerleau

Three Concepts of High Angular Resolution Laser Irradiation Detectors (HARLID) .. 417 J. Dubois, A. Cantin, P. Webb, and D. Luisi

Optimized TCM Transmission Formats in a Photon Counting Channel ............ 423 G. Cancellieri, F. Chiaraluce, and M. Mazzone

Picosecond Optical Pulse Autocorrelator Using Second-Harmonic Generation In AlGaAs Waveguides ............................................... 429

Y. Beaulieu, B. K. Garside, A. Delage, S. Janz, M.P. VanderMeer, and R. Normandin

Fast Uncooled BiPbSrCaCuO Detectors ..................................... 437 L. Ngo Phong and I. Shih

Waveguide Devices

Compact Planar Waveguide Couplers for Broadband Dual-Channel Wavelength (De)Multiplexing ................................................. 445

M.R. Paiam, C.F. Janz, R.I. MacDonald, B.P. Keyworth, and J.N. Broughton

Millimeter Wave Coplanar Structures on InP for Electro-Optic Modulation Applications ..................................................... 451

Hamid R. Khazaei, R. James, E. Berolo, and F. Ghannouchi

Ion-Exchanged Waveguides in Erbium-Doped Phosphate Glasses ................ 457 G. C. Righini, S. Capecchi, S. Pelli, A. Verciani, Y. Yan, A. J. Fabre, and

H. DerWaal

Integrated Optical Channel-Guide Vertical Couplers in Glass for Edge Coupling to Hybrid Photodetectors ............................................. 463

P.C. Noutsios and G.L. Yip

xii

Traveling Wave Electrode Design for High Speed Mach-Zehnder LiNb03 Intensity Modulators ...................................................... 469

F.Y. Gan and G. L. Yip

Fully-Packaged, Self-Calibrated, Absolute Optical Frequency Controller Based on a Surface-Emitting Nonlinear Semiconductor Waveguide: Applications to Multifrequency Optical Communication Systems ........................ 477

Martin Guy, Michel H\tu, and Steeve Boissinot

Part V OPTICAL COMPUTING, SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING

Optical Computing and Processing

Optics and Photonics in Image Encryption, Anti-Counterfeiting, and Security Systems ......................................................... 483

Bahram Javidi

Optical Neutral Network for Rotation Invariant and Parallel Classification of 2-D Images Using Optical Image Compression ............................. 487

Henri H. Arsenault and Philippe Gagne

Optically Interconnected Analog Focal Plane Image Processor Using Hybrid-Seed Technology ...................................................... 493

Haibo Liu and Yunlong Sheng

40-Channel !-Nanosecond Digital Fiber Optic Correlator ....................... 499 Adrian Gh. Podoleanu, Ryan K. Harding, and David A. Jackson

Photo-Electric Crossbar Switching Network for Multiprocessor Systems ........... 505 A. Iwata, T. Doi, M. Nagata, S. Yokoyama, and M. Hirose

Broadband Adaptive Optoelectronic Discrete Time Signal Processor .............. 511 Emannuelle Perrenoud, Rohit Sharma, R. Ian MacDonald, and D. Lam

Ray-Tracing Approach to Computer-Generated Holography for Precison 3D Beam Patterns ......................................................... 519

S. Chang, D.A. Pommet, M.A. Fiddy, and F.C. Lin

Error-Diffusion Binarization for Neural Networks ............................. 527 Andre Granger, Tigran Galstyan, and Roger A. Lessard

Optical Position Converter for Target Tracking and Neural Network .............. 537 Alain Bergeron, Henri H. Arsenault, Michel Doucet, and Denis Gingras

A 3-D Optical Database Machine .......................................... 543 Selim Akyokus and P. Bruce Berra

Optism: A Tool for the Design of Optical Parallel Computer Architectures ......... 553 N. Langloh, V. Christopoulos, S. Van Langendonck, J. Camelis, R. Vounckx,

A. Kirk, R. Buczynski, H. Thienpont, and I. Veretennicoff

xiii

Shape Reconstruction of Metallic Objects by Artificial Vision ................... 563 C. Coulot, S. Kohler-Hemmerlin, C. Dumont, and B. Lamalle

Automatic Inspection System for Strip ofPreweathered Zinc .................... 571 J. Caron, L. Duvieubourg, J.J. Orteu, and Ph. Revolte

2-D Phase Unwrapping of Noise Contaminated Interferograms .................. 577 Ching-Wei Liao and M.A. Fiddy

Application of Two Dimensional Wavelet Transform to the Visualization of Glass Fibers in a Turbulent Flame ......................................... 583

S. Belald, D. Lebrun, and C. Ozkul

Optoelectronic Signal Processor for SAR Image Formation and Correlation ........ 591 William R. Franklin and Robert R. Kallman

Towards a Better Compression of Self-Similar Images .......................... 599 Erwin Hocevar and Walter G. Kropatcsch

Remote Sensing and Infrared Technology

Modelling of Natural Background Terrain in the Infrared and Its Effect on the Perfonnance of a High Resolution FLIR System ........................ 605

R.N. Singh and K. Rajmohan

Infrared Imaging System Using FM/TDM Hybrid Reticle ....................... 611 J.K. Bae, Y.H. Doh, D.S. Noh, and S.J. Kim

A Windows Based Facility for SIDP SBS Applications ......................... 619 A. Kong, A. Halet, G. A. Lampropoulos, J. F. Boulter, and M. Rey

OSIRIS - An Applications of Tomography for Absorbed Emissions in Remote Sensing ......................................................... 627

E.J. Llewellyn, D.A. Degenstein, I.C. McDade, R.L. Gattinger, R. King, R. Buckingham, E.H. Richardson, D.P. Murtagh, W.F.J. Evans, B.H. Solheim, K. Strong, and J.C. McConnell

Wildfire Detection with a Microsatellite ..................................... 633 Paul J. Thomas, Charles Hersom, Saad AI Kenany, and Doug Staley

3D Data Compression Systems Based on Vector Quantization for Reducing the Data Rate of Hyperspectral Imagery ...................................... 641

Shen-En Qian, Allan B. Hollinger, Dan Williams, and Davinder Manak

Calibration of the CASI Airborne Imaging Spectrometer and Application to Generating Reflectance Imagery ..................................... 655

L. Gray, J. Harron, C. Hersom, J. Freemantle, P. Shepherd, and J. Miller

Image and Signal Processing

New Optimal Tracking Algorithms for Reference with RandomTextures ........... 661 P. Refregier, F. Goudail, T. Gaidon, and M. Guillaume

xiv

Comparison of Different Adaptive Filtering Techniques Applied to White-Light Interferometric Systems ............................................ 669

D. Romare, M. Sabry-Rizk, and K.T.V. Grattan

Hyper-Spectra Space-Based Infrared Image Restoration and Composition .......... 675 G.A. Lampropoulos and J.F. Boulter

Target Classification by a New Class of Linear Discriminants .................... 685 A. Halet, G. A. Lampropoulos, and Tile Huynh

An AVME Clutter Map Design Approach for CFAR Adaptive Threshold Selection of SAR Images ..................................................... 695

V. Anastassopoulos, G. A. Lampropoulos, A. Drosopoulos, and M. Rey

Comparison of Compression Methods for SAR Imagery: Preliminary Investigation . . 70 I A. Drosopoulos and A. Damini

Radar Image Modelling and Detection Using Neural Networks .................. 71 I G. Hennessey, H. Leung, and A. Drosopoulos

Part VI OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS

Mechanical and Structural

Development and Performance of Fiber-Optic Sensor Systems for Absolute and Quasistatic Measurements in Civil Engineering Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723

W. J. Bock, W. Urbanczyk, T. A. Eftimov, and J. Chen

A Critical Review of Fiber-Optic Based Smart Structures ....................... 731 Kexing Liu

Semiconductor Integrated Photonic Transducer Chip for High-Resolution Displacement Measurement ......................................... 739

Hans P. Zappe and Daniel Hofstetter

Fiber-Optic Vibration and Acoustic Sensor Systems for Airport Ground Traffic Monitoring ...................................................... 745

N. Fiirstenau, T. Beyer, A. Werner, W. Schmidt, and W. Goetze

A High Resolution Reflectometer For Measuring Dynamic Strain in a Single Mode Optical Fibre ..................................................... 751

Veijo Lyori, Kari MiHitUi, Seppo Nissilil, Harri Kopola, Marja Englund, and Asko Mitrunen

Spatial-and Wavelength-Division-Mulitplexed In-Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor Network for Smart Structures Applications ............................. 757

Y.J Rao, D.A. Jackson, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion

Interferometric Distance Meter Using a Fequency-Modulated Laser Diode ......... 765 U. Minoni, G. Scotti, and F. Docchio

XV

Fibre Optic Remote Displacement Sensor for Seismic Events at High Temperature .. 771 W. Ecke, K. H. Jackel, P. Pfeifer, J. Schauer, and R. Willsch

Vibration Measurement Using a Novel Fibre-Optic Electronically-Scanned White-Light Interferometer ......................................... 777

R.H. Marshall, Y.N. Ning, A.W. Palmer, and K.T.V. Grattan

Experiences from Embedded Optical Fiber Based Cure and Stress Sensing in Composite Structures .............................................. 783

Harri Kopola, Pekka Suopajarvi, Veijo Lyori, Seppo Nissilii, and Reijo Johansson

Scientific

Measurement of the Nonlinear Ratio (n/ Aeff) in Optical Fibers Using Self-Phase Modulation Effect ................................................. 789

Ahmad K. Atieh, Piotr Myslinski, Jacek Chrostowski, and Peter Galko

Dispersion Compensating Fibre in an Optical Access Network: A Complete Component and System Characterisation .............................. 793

F. Ravet, L. Meuleman, M. Vandroogenbroek, D. Daniaux, and M. Blonde!

Time Division Multiplexing oflnterferometric Sensors at 1300nm Using a Litium Niobate Amplitude/Phase Modulator .................................. 799

C. McGarrity and D.A Jackson

Bragg Mirror Reflectance in a VCSEL Scanning Optical Microscope ............. 807 R.R. Burton, M.S. Stem, P.C. Kendall, P.N. Robson, and T.M. Benson

Aspects ofthe Use of Optical Feedback for Frequency Stabilization of Laser Diodes .. 813 R.C. Addy, A.W. Palmer, and K.T.V. Grattan

A Wavelength Monitor Based on Electroabsorption in Quantum Well Waveguide Photodetectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

X. Wu, D.M. Bruce, P.E. Jessop, B.J. Robinson, and D.A. Thompson

Optical Measurements Using Bessel Beams .................................. 825 Brigitte Belanger, Tigran Galstian, Xiaonong Zhu, and Michel Piche

A Silica Based Integrated Optic Microwave Power Sensor ...................... 831 A.J.P. Hnatiw, R.I. MacDonald, P.S. Apte, and W.O. MacDonald

Dimensional Measurements Analysis of a Silicon HalfLadeer Microvertex Detector .. 837 G. Ambrosi, T. Angelescu, R. Battiston, M. Biasini, D. Dascalu, C. Gingu,

M. Ionica, Al. Mihul, M. Pauluzzi, and V. Postolache

Medical and Industrial

Vision Control System for the Laser Cladding Process ......................... 843 Fabrice Meriaudeau, Eric Renier, Christophe Dumont, and Frederic Truchetet

Fiber-Link Vibration Immunity for an Extrinsic Faraday Current Sensor ........... 855 Norman Fisher and David A. Jackson

xvi

Applications of Low Coherence Interferometry to Dynamic Oil Film Thickness Measurement ..................................................... 863

S.R. Taplin, A. Gh. Podoleanu, D.J. Webb, D.A. Jackson, and S.R. Nattrass

Electroabsorption Modulators for Broadband Fiber Electro-Optic Field Sensors ..... 871 A. StOhr, R. Heinzelmann, T. Alder, R. BuB, and D. Jager

Optical Measurements of Psychomotor Interventions on Dysfunctional Knee Cycle: A Case Study .................................................... 877

J.H. Alvoeiro, A.N. Pinto, J.L. Pinto, H.M. Oliveira, M.A. Santos, and L.F. Semblano

Chemical and Environmental

Sensor for High Air Humidity Measurement ................................. 883 Vojko Matko and Dali Donlagic

Dynamic Measurements with Polymer Lightguides for a Selective Organic Vapor Detection ........................................................ 889

T. Ehrenreich, J. Wolters, R. Podgorsek, and H. Franke

Photolytic Spectroscopic Detection of Herbicides and BTEX in Water ............. 897 Mark Johnson and Paul Melbourne

Brillouin Loss Based Distributed Temperature Sensor Using a Single Source ....... 903 N.A. Heron, X. Bao, D.J. Webb, and D.A. Jackson

Integrated Optical Sensors For Pesticide Analysis ............................. 909 B.J. Luff, R.D. Harris, J.S. Wilkinson, J. Piehler, A. Brecht, G. Gauglitz,

R.A. Abuknesha, and U. Hollenbach

Holographic Gratings in Photopolymers as Optical Gas Monitors ................. 915 El Mehdi El Joudi and Hilmar Franke

Index ................................................................. 923

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